CN108541497A - A kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis - Google Patents
A kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN108541497A CN108541497A CN201810210146.7A CN201810210146A CN108541497A CN 108541497 A CN108541497 A CN 108541497A CN 201810210146 A CN201810210146 A CN 201810210146A CN 108541497 A CN108541497 A CN 108541497A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis, and this method comprises the following steps：(1) the taxusyunnanensis seed sand storage of kind of skin will be removed, you can；The sand storage is by the taxusyunnanensis seed and sand by volume 3:2‑3:The day and night temperature of 6 mixing, the sand storage is 10 20 DEG C；(2) it sows；(3) seedling management.Method for culturing seedlings using the present invention, the germination percentage of taxusyunnanensis seed, seedling emergence rate up to 90% or more, improve the utilization rate of taxusyunnanensis seed resource, and easy to operate, easy to be quick.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis.
Background technology
Chinese yew has important medical value, can be used for treating different diseases, including cancer, diabetes, Yi Jiqi
His purposes, has used more than one thousand years in traditional medicine.The taxol extracted from Chinese yew plant has unique antitumor work
Property, it can be used for treating oophoroma, breast cancer, the cancer of the esophagus, lung cancer, carcinoma of urinary bladder, colorectal cancer, incidence cancer, lymthoma, melanin
The kinds cancers such as tumor, brain tumor and Kaposi's sarcoma especially have notable curative effect to treatment oophoroma and breast cancer, are recognized
To be the mankind have found so far one of most effective anticancer drug.
Chinese yew genus plants share 11 kinds in the whole world, just have 4 kinds and 1 mutation, an additional hybridization within the border in China
Kind.Wherein taxusyunnanensis (Taxus wallichiana var.Wallichiana) is originally distributed most wide, resource most in China
Horn of plenty, but as the continuous of its commercial value is risen, wild resource had once been ransacked of the felling of formula, in recent years wild Yunnan
Taxus resource is closely exhausted.
The Chinese government, which has prohibited, destroys natural taxus resource, however, anticarcinogen taxol and hemizygous at present
It is extracted mainly by from Chinese yew original plant at the commercial source of the precursor compound 10-DBAIII of taxol, shortage of resources is
Through the bottleneck as production anticarcinogen taxol and mostly dilute taxol.Therefore, natural Taxus yunnanensis resource how is protected, is had
Effect ground realizes that the sustainable use of Taxus yunnanensis resource has become current problem in the urgent need to address.
Xiong Shu is more under natural conditions, female tree is few for taxusyunnanensis, and natural setting percentage is low.And seed has deep-sleep,
In its natural state, it needs to sprout by one summer of two winters, a large amount of seed loss of life power during very long suspend mode.Cloud
The natural propagation ability of southern Chinese yew is low, and seed contains sprout inhibitor and needs After-ripening.However, being obtained by vegetative propagation
The taxusyunnanensis survival rate arrived is very low and slow-growing.The germination percentage of existing cultural method taxusyunnanensis seed
Generally 60-70% (seed number of germination/for seed number × 100% of detection), emergence rate be generally 70-80% (emergence
Seed number × 100% of seed number/sowing), survival rate be generally 80-90% (seedling of the seedling/transplanting survived ×
100%).So exploring germination percentage height, high, simple and easy to do, the economic quick seedling seedling-raising technique of survival rate to Yunnan red bean
The development and utilization of China fir resource is most important.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in overcome taxusyunnanensis percentage of seedgermination existing in the prior art
Defect low, seedling emergence rate is low provides a kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis.The method for culturing seedlings hair of the present invention
Bud rate, seedling emergence rate up to 90% or more, and it is easy to operate, simple and easy to do, economical quickly.
The present invention provides a kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis comprising following steps：
(1) the taxusyunnanensis seed sand storage of kind of skin will be removed, you can；The sand storage is by the taxusyunnanensis kind
Son and sand by volume 3:2-3:The day and night temperature of 6 mixing, the sand storage is 10-20 DEG C；
(2) it sows；
(3) seedling management.
In the present invention, the taxusyunnanensis can be the taxusyunnanensis kind of this field routine, and vegetable formal name is
Taxus wallichiana var.Wallichiana。
In step (1), the taxusyunnanensis seed can be the fresh seeds picked in the current year of the sand storage.It is described to adopt
When the time plucked can be that taxusyunnanensis seed aril is completely scarlet.In general, on the ground of 2000-4000 meters of height above sea level
The aril in area, such as Yun-Gui Plateau, taxusyunnanensis seed starts to redden in September part, completely fresh in 11-12 months
It is red.
Those skilled in the art know, be first by false kind of taxusyunnanensis seed before removing kind of skin described in step (1)
Skin removes.The method that the aril removes can be the WATER-WASHING METHOD of this field routine, preferably by the taxusyunnanensis kind
Son be soaked in water to aril steep it is rotten, washing rub with the hands go.The time of the immersion can be one week.Remove taxusyunnanensis seed
Aril after, taxusyunnanensis seed can be cleaned, be filtered dry by the processing method of this field routine.
In step (1), the method for removing kind of skin can be the method for this field routine, will preferably be rubbed with the hands with rough sand
It goes.After the kind skin for removing taxusyunnanensis seed, can by the processing method of this field routine, taxusyunnanensis seed is clean,
It cleans.
In step (1), the thickness of the sand storage can be the thickness of this field routine, generally no greater than 20cm, preferably
15-20cm is more preferably 16-20cm, such as 16cm, 18cm or 20cm.
In step (1), the time of the sand storage can be the time of this field routine, and sand storage to seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
In step (1), the place of the sand storage can be the area of 2000-4000 meters of height above sea level, such as Yun-Gui Plateau, institute
10-15 DEG C of Yun-Gui Plateau summer day and night temperature is stated, 17-20 DEG C of winter day and night temperature, the summer in winter, the temperature difference was up to 10-15 DEG C；Again
Such as the Dali City, yunnan Province towns Shang Guan, 2240 meters of the towns Dali City, yunnan Province Shang Guan height above sea level, geographical coordinate is located at north latitude
26.012 °, 100.149 ° of east longitude is located in low latitude plateau monsoon climatic region, and the annual sunshine-duration is 2311.4 hours, Nian Ping
Equal temperature is 17 DEG C, and >=10 DEG C of year activity effective accumulated temperature is 5000 DEG C, mean annual precipitation 731mm, and annual is relatively wet
Degree is 65%, and frost-free period is 228 days.
In step (1), the sand storage can be in Yun-Gui Plateau sand storage 1 year.
In step (1), preferably, after the sand storage, it is primary every watering in 7 days.The amount of the watering can be that this field is normal
The watering amount of rule makes dissipating for the agglomerating pine that the sand picks up.
In step (1), the volume ratio of the seed and sand is preferably 3:4-3:5, it is more preferably 3:5.
In step (1), the sand can be this field routine sand, preferably thin river sand, more preferably for pick up at
The i.e. scattered thin river sand of group pine.The thin river sand can be the thin river sand of this field routine, and sand particle size range is generally in 0.25-
0.35mm。
In step (2), the sowing can be this field routine sowing, for example, seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally after December current year to next year 1
Month, the seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally is seeded in nursery, you can.
Preferably, before sowing, by the seed disinfection to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally.The disinfectant of the disinfection, which can be that this field is conventional, to disappear
Toxic agent, such as the potassium permanganate solution of mass fraction 0.2%, volume fraction 70-75% ethanol waters or mass fraction
0.1% mercuric chloride aqueous solution.The time of the disinfection can be the time of this field routine, such as 5-8min.Preferably, will be described
The seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally sterilizes 8min in the potassium permanganate solution of mass fraction 0.2%.
The amount of the sowing can be the application rate of this field routine, generally no more than 20kg/ mus, preferably 15-20kg/
Mu, such as 16kg/ mus, 18kg/ mus or 20kg/ mus, it is more preferably 16kg/ mus.
Those skilled in the art know, it is described after planting, need on seed earthing；Preferably, being covered again after the earthing
Last layer pine needle.The thickness of the earthing can be this field routine thickness, preferably 2-3cm, for example, 2cm, 2.5cm or
3cm is more preferably 2cm.
The nursery can be the nursery of this field routine, generally build solar protection devices through basal dressing, top.
The methods of cultivation of the basal dressing can be the methods of cultivation of this field routine, by base manure depth after generally ploughing deeply
Native mixing is ploughed under, ploughs flat rake carefully, bedding；Preferably, when bedding, the nursery is carried out disinfection and/or is exposed to the sun.It is described to plough deeply
It can be that this field is conventional to plough deeply, preferably plough deeply to 25-30cm.The bedding can be the bedding of this field routine, preferably
Ground is long furrow of the farming at the wide 0.8-1.2m of furrow, the high 15-20cm in the furrow ridge.The width of the furrow can be 0.8m, 1m or 1.2m.The furrow
Ridge height can be 16cm, 18cm or 20cm.
The base manure can be the base manure of this field routine, preferably farm manure and/or composite fertilizer, be more preferably farmers'
Fertilizer.It is organic that the farm manure refers to that the fecaluria of livestock breeding, barnyard manure, green manure, compost and one or more fermentations in making compost are formed
Fertilizer.The composite fertilizer refers to nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium element the fertilizer of this field routine, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio preferably
For N:P:K=10:14:24.The amount of application of the farm manure can be the amount of application of this field routine, preferably 800-
1000kg/ mus, such as 800kg/ mus, 900kg/ mus or 1000kg/ mus.The amount of application of the composite fertilizer can be that this field is conventional
Amount of application, preferably 20-30kg/ mu, such as 20kg/ mus, 25kg/ mus or 30kg/ mus.
The solar protection devices can be the solar protection devices of this field routine, preferably sunshade.
The light transmittance of the solar protection devices can be this field routine light transmittance, preferably 25-40%, for example, 25%,
30% or 40%.
The nursery be typically chosen the soil is porous, it is fertile, moistening, well-drained subacidity to neutrality soil；Compared with
Goodly, the nursery before the winter through ploughing deeply, shallow plough after the winter, eliminates subterranean pest-insect, picks up the processing such as stone.
In step (3), the seedling management can be the seedling management of this field routine, and period is generally after planting to children
Seedling grows fibrous root, specifically, need to generally control the soil moisture of nursery, for example, watering was primary per 5-7 days, nursery before emerging
Ground soil moisture is 55-75%, and nursery soil moisture is 55-65% when emergence, and percentage refers to the water content of soil.
Those skilled in the art know, in Yun-Gui Plateau, sowing in January December current year to next year after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and one
As start to emerge in March next year to April, June next year to July, seedling grew fibrous root.After the seed earthing sowed in step (2)
When being also covered with pine needle, pine needle is removed after emergence completely.
Those skilled in the art know, after seedling grows fibrous root, can be transplanted in crop field after nursery cultivates 2-3, or
Person is transplanted again after seedling replanting to nursery lot is cultivated 2-3 in crop field.
The nursery lot can be the nursery lot of this field routine, and generally through basal dressing, solar protection devices is built in top.
The same nursery of the methods of cultivation of the basal dressing.
The base manure can be the base manure of this field routine, preferably farm manure and/or composite fertilizer, be more preferably farm manure
And composite fertilizer.The definition of the farm manure and composite fertilizer and the same nursery of amount of application.The base manure can be 800kg farm manures and
20kg composite fertilizers, 900kg farm manures and 25kg composite fertilizers or 1000kg farm manures and 30kg composite fertilizers.
The solar protection devices can be the solar protection devices of this field routine, preferably sunshade.
The nursery lot be typically chosen the soil is porous, it is fertile, moistening, well-drained subacidity to neutrality soil；Compared with
Goodly, the nursery lot before the winter through ploughing deeply, shallow plough after the winter, eliminates subterranean pest-insect, picks up the processing such as stone；It more preferably, will be described
Nursery lot is meticulous to be weeded out except stone and thick soil.
Preferably, transplanting to nursery lot is cultivated after seedling being fitted into the sack of the soil containing nursery lot；More preferably, seedling will be contained
Garden soil sack sprinkle profoundly water after, then seedling is fitted into transplanting to nursery lot in the sack of the soil containing nursery lot and is cultivated.
When transplanting is cultivated to nursery lot after being fitted into seedling in the sack of the soil containing nursery lot, seedling can be filled to containing seedling
Garden in the pouch of soil, cultivate 1 year, then transplant in the sack of the soil containing nursery lot, continue to cultivate 1-3；Alternatively, will
Seedling is filled to cultivation 2-3 in the pouch of the soil containing nursery lot；It is cultivated alternatively, seedling is filled in the sack of the soil containing nursery lot
2-3；The pouch is the sack of length 8-10cm, width 5-10cm, such as 8*10cm；The sack be length 25cm with
Upper, width is in the sack of 20cm or more, such as 21*26cm.
When seedling is when nursery is cultivated, cultivating process does not control light transmittance；Alternatively, First Year is cultivated, the sunshade dress
The light transmittance set is 25-40%, and after 1 year, the light transmittance of the solar protection devices is 50-70%；Such as First Year is cultivated, it is described
After the light transmittance of solar protection devices is 40%, 1 year, the light transmittance of the solar protection devices is 70%.
When being filled to seedling in the pouch of the soil containing nursery lot, cultivate 1 year, then transplant the sack in the soil containing nursery lot
It is cultivated when middle, in pouch and pouch is transplanted to the light transmittance of preceding 3 months solar protection devices in sack as 25-40%, such as 25%,
30% or 40%；Pouch be transplanted to sack solar protection devices after 3 months light transmittance be 50-70%, such as 50%, 60% or
70%.
It is filled to the big of the soil containing nursery lot as cultivation 2-3 in the pouch that seedling is filled to the soil containing nursery lot or by seedling
When cultivating 2-3 in bag, the light transmittance for cultivating First Year solar protection devices is 25-40%, the light transmission of solar protection devices after cultivating 1 year
Rate is 50-70%, such as it is 40% to cultivate the light transmittance of First Year solar protection devices, and the light transmittance of solar protection devices is after cultivating 1 year
70%.
Those skilled in the art know that nutrient bag finite volume, being usually no more than 3 years need to transplant in crop field.The crop field
Refer to natural forest land, hillside, arable land and urban green belts etc..
On the basis of common knowledge of the art, above-mentioned each optimum condition can be combined arbitrarily to get each preferable reality of the present invention
Example.
The reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
The positive effect of the present invention is that：
(1) method for culturing seedlings using the present invention, taxusyunnanensis percentage of seedgermination, seedling emergence rate up to 90% with
On, improve the utilization rate of taxusyunnanensis seed resource.
(2) the seedling root system that the method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis seedling of the invention obtains is healthy and strong, and transplanting survival rate is high,
Especially pack transplanting, plants shoot survival percent up to 78% or more after pack, after pack is cultivated transplanting crop field survival rate up to 98%,
And seedling growth is fast, is conducive to the development and utilization in taxusyunnanensis synthetic source woods base.
Specific implementation mode
It is further illustrated the present invention below by the mode of embodiment, but does not therefore limit the present invention to the reality
It applies among a range.In the following examples, the experimental methods for specific conditions are not specified, according to conventional methods and conditions, or according to quotient
Product specification selects.
In following embodiment and comparative examples, the calculation of germination percentage, emergence rate and survival rate is as described below：
Germination percentage：The seed number of germination/for seed number × 100% of detection；
Emergence rate：Seed number × 100% of seed number/sowing of emergence；
Survival rate：Seedling × 100% of the seedling/transplanting survived；
Light transmittance：Cross the luminous flux of sunshade and the percentage of its incident flux.
Embodiment 1
A kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis, its step are as follows：
(1) harvesting of taxusyunnanensis seed：The aril of taxusyunnanensis seed starts maturation in September part and reddens, and arrives
When 11-12 month arils become scarlet, full maturity completely, in the case where not damaging elite stand, seed is picked in time.
(2) processing of taxusyunnanensis seed：The taxusyunnanensis seed clear water harvested impregnates one week, waits for aril
Steep it is rotten, be washed with water method stranding remove aril, wash clean.Water is filtered dry, shady place is put and dries in the shade, avoid sunlight.Heavily fortified point is removed with rough sand stranding
Hard densification is not easy the seed coat layer of air-and water-permeable, cleans seed with dustpan, puts shady place.By the seed cleaned and thin river sand by body
Product ratio 3:2 are uniformly mixed, and suitable quantity of water is added to be uniformly mixed, the i.e. scattered state for the agglomerating pine that amount of water control is picked up in sand.
In shady place low temperature sand storage, sand storage thickness is 16cm, and seed must not expose Shamian Island.Humidity is controlled, watering in general one week is primary
And it is gently mixed mixing, the i.e. scattered state for the agglomerating pine that humid control is picked up in sand, in the Dali City, yunnan Province towns Shang Guan sand storage
It 1 year, is sowed under December current year or January next year.
(3) early-stage preparations of taxusyunnanensis seedling sowing：Nursery is first chosen before sowing, nursery should select soil property
Loose, fertile, moistening, well-drained subacidity to neutral soil.It was ploughed deeply before winter, shallow plough after the winter, underground evil of nipping in the bud
Worm picks up stone.800kg farm manures are applied per acre, plough deeply 25-30cm, farm manure is made to be sufficiently mixed with soil, and rake is flattened after ploughing
Carefully.The long furrow for breaking into 0.8m wide, the high 16cm in the furrow ridge, are exposed to the sun 3-5 days.Sunshade is put up, sunshade light transmittance is controlled 25%.It waits for
Sowing.
(4) sowing of taxusyunnanensis seedling：December current year or January next year start to sow, will germination before sowing
The seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally sterilizes 8 minutes in the potassium permanganate solution of mass fraction 0.2%, after rinsed well with clear water.It uses per acre
The seed 16kg of germination, the seed handled well is uniformly sowed, earthing 2cm.It is slightly suppressed after broadcasting, lid last layer is uniformly loose
Needle.
(5) management of taxusyunnanensis seedling after planting：Before emergence, a water is poured within 5-7 days, soil moisture control exists
Between 55-75%.3 start to emerge to April, and pine needle is cleaned up after complete emergence, weeding of watering in time, soil moisture control
Between 55-65%.To six Julys, for current year height of seedling up to 8-10cm, seedling, which starts to grow fibrous root, can fill pouch.
(6) pack of taxusyunnanensis seedling：Nursery lot is first chosen before pack, and nursery lot should select that the soil is porous, fertile
Fertile, moistening, well-drained subacidity were ploughed deeply, shallow plough after the winter, subterranean pest-insect of nipping in the bud is picked up to neutral soil before the winter
Stone.800kg farm manures, 20kg composite fertilizers (N are applied per acre:P:K=10：14：24) 25-30cm, is ploughed deeply, farm manure, compound is made
Fertilizer is sufficiently mixed with soil.Leveling rake is thin after ploughing, meticulous to weed out except stone and thick soil, is exposed to the sun 3-5 days.With the nutrient bag of 8*10cm
Install fine earth bag.Sunshade is put up, sunshade light transmittance is controlled 25%.With small spade lifting, gently it is put into small plastic crate,
Spill proper amount of clear water.The nutrient bag for installing fine earth is sprinkled profoundly water, ensures water logging to nutrient bag bottom.Start to pack, pack will gently take
It puts down gently, avoids hurting seedling.The seedling for installing bag is cultivated 1 year in sunshade, weeding of watering in time, and soil moisture control exists
Between 55-65%.And carry out field management work.The shifting of pouch seedling is attached to 21*26cm by six July of next year with same method
Big nutrient bag in, the control of sunshade light transmittance is cultivated 3 months 25%.Light transmittance is adjusted to 50%, continues to cultivate 9
The moon can be transplanted in crop field.Also 2-3 can be cultivated in the big nutrient bag of 21*26cm remakes transplanting, nutrient bag finite volume, one
As do not exceed 3 years and will transplant.
The germination percentage of the present embodiment seed is 92.6%, and seedling emergence rate can reach 95.3%, and seedling survives after filling pouch
Rate can reach 90.6%, and kind shoot survival percent is up to 98.2% after filling sack.Survival rate is up to 98.8% behind transplanting crop field.
Embodiment 2
A kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis, its step are as follows：
(1) harvesting of taxusyunnanensis seed：The aril of taxusyunnanensis seed starts maturation in September part and reddens, and arrives
When 11-12 month arils become scarlet, full maturity completely, in the case where not damaging elite stand, seed is picked in time.
(2) processing of taxusyunnanensis seed：The taxusyunnanensis seed clear water harvested impregnates one week or so, waits for vacation
Kind skin bubble is rotten, and method stranding is washed with water and removes aril, wash clean.Water is filtered dry, shady place is put and dries in the shade, avoid sunlight.It is rubbed with the hands with rough sand
It goes hard and compact to be not easy the seed coat layer of air-and water-permeable, cleans seed with dustpan, put shady place.By the seed cleaned and thin river sand
By volume 3:4 are uniformly mixed, and suitable quantity of water is added to be uniformly mixed, the i.e. scattered shape for the agglomerating pine that amount of water control is picked up in sand
State.In shady place low temperature sand storage, sand storage thickness is 18cm, and seed must not expose Shamian Island.Control humidity, watering one in general one week
It is secondary and be gently mixed mixing, the i.e. scattered state for the agglomerating pine that humid control is picked up in sand, in the Dali City, yunnan Province towns Shang Guan sand
It hides 1 year, is sowed under December current year or January next year.
(3) early-stage preparations of taxusyunnanensis seedling sowing：Nursery is first chosen before sowing, nursery should select soil property
Loose, fertile, moistening, well-drained subacidity to neutral soil.It was ploughed deeply before winter, shallow plough after the winter, underground evil of nipping in the bud
Worm picks up stone.900kg farm manures are applied per acre, plough deeply 25-30cm, farm manure is made to be sufficiently mixed with soil, and rake is flattened after ploughing
Carefully.The long furrow for breaking into 1m wide, the high 18cm in the furrow ridge, are exposed to the sun 3-5 days.Sunshade is put up, sunshade light transmittance is controlled 30%.It waits broadcasting
Kind.
(4) sowing of taxusyunnanensis seedling：December current year or January next year start to sow, will germination before sowing
The seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally sterilizes 5 minutes in the potassium permanganate solution of mass fraction 0.2%, after rinsed well with clear water.It uses per acre
The seed 18kg of germination, the seed handled well is uniformly sowed, earthing 2.5cm.It is slightly suppressed after broadcasting, lid last layer is uniformly loose
Needle.
(5) management of taxusyunnanensis seedling after planting：Before emergence, a water is poured within 5-7 days, soil moisture control exists
Between 55-75%.3 start to emerge to April, and pine needle is cleaned up after complete emergence, weeding of watering in time, soil moisture control
Between 55-65%.To six Julys, for current year height of seedling up to 8-10cm, seedling, which starts to grow fibrous root, can fill pouch.
(6) pack of taxusyunnanensis seedling：Nursery lot is first chosen before pack, and nursery lot should select that the soil is porous, fertile
Fertile, moistening, well-drained subacidity were ploughed deeply, shallow plough after the winter, subterranean pest-insect of nipping in the bud is picked up to neutral soil before the winter
Stone.900kg farm manures, 25kg composite fertilizers (N are applied per acre:P:K=10：14：24) 25-30cm, is ploughed deeply, farm manure, compound is made
Fertilizer is sufficiently mixed with soil.Leveling rake is thin after ploughing, meticulous to weed out except stone and thick soil, is exposed to the sun 3-5 days.With the nutrient bag of 8*10cm
Install fine earth bag.Sunshade is put up, sunshade light transmittance is controlled 30%.With small spade lifting, gently it is put into small plastic crate,
Spill proper amount of clear water.The nutrient bag for installing fine earth is sprinkled profoundly water, ensures water logging to nutrient bag bottom.Start to pack, pack will gently take
It puts down gently, avoids hurting seedling.The seedling for installing bag is cultivated 1 year in sunshade, weeding of watering in time, and soil moisture control exists
Between 55-65%.And carry out field management work.The shifting of pouch seedling is attached to 21*26cm by six July of next year with same method
Big nutrient bag in, the control of sunshade light transmittance is cultivated 3 months 30%.Light transmittance is adjusted to 60%, continues to cultivate 9
Or so moon can be transplanted in crop field.Also 2-3 being cultivated in the big nutrient bag of 21*26cm and remaking transplanting, nutrient bag volume has
Limit, not exceeding generally 3 years will transplant.
The germination percentage of the present embodiment seed is 93.7%, and seedling emergence rate can reach 93.1%, and seedling survives after filling pouch
Rate can reach 89.4%, and kind shoot survival percent is up to 98.4% after filling sack.Survival rate is up to 99% behind transplanting crop field.
Embodiment 3
A kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis, its step are as follows：
(1) harvesting of taxusyunnanensis seed：The aril of taxusyunnanensis seed starts maturation in September part and reddens, and arrives
When 11-12 month arils become scarlet, full maturity completely, in the case where not damaging elite stand, seed is picked in time.
(2) processing of taxusyunnanensis seed：The taxusyunnanensis seed clear water harvested impregnates one week or so, waits for vacation
Kind skin bubble is rotten, and method stranding is washed with water and removes aril, wash clean.Water is filtered dry, shady place is put and dries in the shade, avoid sunlight.It is rubbed with the hands with rough sand
It goes hard and compact to be not easy the seed coat layer of air-and water-permeable, cleans seed with dustpan, put shady place.By the seed cleaned and thin river sand
By volume 3:5 are uniformly mixed, and suitable quantity of water is added to be uniformly mixed, the i.e. scattered shape for the agglomerating pine that amount of water control is picked up in sand
State.In shady place low temperature sand storage, sand storage thickness is 20cm, and seed must not expose Shamian Island.Control humidity, watering one in general one week
It is secondary and be gently mixed mixing, the i.e. scattered state for the agglomerating pine that humid control is picked up in sand, in the Dali City, yunnan Province towns Shang Guan sand
It hides 1 year, is sowed under December current year or January next year.
(3) early-stage preparations of taxusyunnanensis seedling sowing：Nursery is first chosen before sowing, nursery should select soil property
Loose, fertile, moistening, well-drained subacidity to neutral soil.It was ploughed deeply before winter, shallow plough after the winter, underground evil of nipping in the bud
Worm picks up stone.1000kg farm manures are applied per acre, plough deeply 25-30cm, farm manure is made to be sufficiently mixed with soil, and rake is flattened after ploughing
Carefully.The long furrow for breaking into 1.2m wide, the high 20cm in the furrow ridge, are exposed to the sun 3-5 days.Sunshade is put up, sunshade light transmittance is controlled 40%.It waits for
Sowing.
(4) sowing of taxusyunnanensis seedling：December current year or January next year start to sow, will germination before sowing
The seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally sterilizes 8 minutes in the liquor potassic permanganate of mass fraction 0.2%, after rinsed well with clear water.Per acre with hair
The seed 20kg of bud, the seed handled well is uniformly sowed, earthing 3cm.It is slightly suppressed after broadcasting, the uniform pine needle of lid last layer.
(5) management of taxusyunnanensis seedling after planting：Before emergence, a water is poured within 5-7 days, soil moisture control exists
Between 55-75%.3 start to emerge to April, and pine needle is cleaned up after complete emergence, weeding of watering in time, soil moisture control
Between 55-65%.To six Julys, for current year height of seedling up to 8-10cm, seedling, which starts to grow fibrous root, can fill pouch.
(6) pack of taxusyunnanensis seedling：Nursery lot is first chosen before pack, and nursery lot should select that the soil is porous, fertile
Fertile, moistening, well-drained subacidity were ploughed deeply, shallow plough after the winter, subterranean pest-insect of nipping in the bud is picked up to neutral soil before the winter
Stone.1000kg farm manures, 30kg composite fertilizers (N are applied per acre:P:K=10：14：24) 25-30cm, is ploughed deeply, farm manure, compound is made
Fertilizer is sufficiently mixed with soil.Leveling rake is thin after ploughing, meticulous to weed out except stone and thick soil, is exposed to the sun 3-5 days.With the nutrient bag of 8*10cm
Install fine earth bag.Sunshade is put up, sunshade light transmittance is controlled 40%.With small spade lifting, gently it is put into small plastic crate,
Spill proper amount of clear water.The nutrient bag for installing fine earth is sprinkled profoundly water, ensures water logging to nutrient bag bottom.Start to pack, pack will gently take
It puts down gently, avoids hurting seedling.The seedling for installing bag is cultivated 1 year in sunshade, weeding of watering in time, and soil moisture control exists
Between 55-65%.And carry out field management work.The shifting of pouch seedling is attached to 21*26cm by six July of next year with same method
Big nutrient bag in, the control of sunshade light transmittance is cultivated 3 months 40%.Light transmittance is adjusted to 70%, continues to cultivate 9
Or so moon can be transplanted in crop field.Also 2-3 being cultivated in the big nutrient bag of 21*26cm and remaking transplanting, nutrient bag volume has
Limit, not exceeding generally 3 years will transplant.
The germination percentage of this comparative example seed is 93.9%, and seedling emergence rate can reach 91.9%, and seedling survives after filling pouch
Rate can reach 89%, and kind shoot survival percent is up to 97% after filling sack.Transplanting crop field survival rate is up to 98.7%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis, its step are as follows：
(1)~(5) are the same as embodiment 3.
(6) pack of taxusyunnanensis seedling：Nursery lot is first chosen before pack, and nursery lot should select that the soil is porous, fertile
Fertile, moistening, well-drained subacidity were ploughed deeply, shallow plough after the winter, subterranean pest-insect of nipping in the bud is picked up to neutral soil before the winter
Stone.1000kg farm manures, 30kg composite fertilizers (N are applied per acre:P:K=10：14：24) 25-30cm, is ploughed deeply, farm manure, compound is made
Fertilizer is sufficiently mixed with soil.Leveling rake is thin after ploughing, meticulous to weed out except stone and thick soil, is exposed to the sun 3-5 days.With the nutrient bag of 8*10cm
Install fine earth bag.Sunshade is put up, sunshade light transmittance is controlled 40%.With small spade lifting, gently it is put into small plastic crate,
Spill proper amount of clear water.The nutrient bag for installing fine earth is sprinkled profoundly water, ensures water logging to nutrient bag bottom.Start to pack, pack will gently take
It puts down gently, avoids hurting seedling.The seedling for installing bag is cultivated 1 year in sunshade, weeding of watering in time, and soil moisture control exists
Between 55-65%.And carry out field management work.Six July of next year, light transmittance is adjusted to 70%, continues to cultivate 1 year left side
The right side can be transplanted in crop field.Also 2-3 can be cultivated in the small nutrient bag of 8*10cm remakes transplanting, nutrient bag finite volume, one
As do not exceed 3 years and will transplant.
The germination percentage of the present embodiment seed is 93.5%, and seedling emergence rate can reach 92%, and shoot survival percent is planted after filling pouch
78.9% can be reached, transplanting crop field survival rate is up to 94%.
Embodiment 5
A kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis, its step are as follows：
(1)~(4) are the same as embodiment 3.
(5) management of taxusyunnanensis seedling after planting：Before emergence, a water is poured within 5-7 days, soil moisture control exists
Between 55-75%.3 start to emerge to April, and pine needle is cleaned up after complete emergence, weeding of watering in time, soil moisture control
Between 55-65%.To six Julys, up to 8-10cm, seedling starts to grow fibrous root current year height of seedling.Carry out field management work
Make, a water was poured in the control of sunshade light transmittance at 40%, 5-7 days, and soil moisture controls between 55-65%, on seedbed just
It cultivates 1 year on ground.Six July of next year, light transmittance is adjusted to 70%, continuing to cultivate 1 year or so can transplant in crop field.Also
It can continue cultivation 2-3 on seedbed and remake transplanting, not exceeding generally 3 years will transplant.
The germination percentage of the present embodiment seed is 94.1%, and seedling emergence rate can reach 92.2%, and kind shoot survival percent can reach
70.1%.Survival rate is 64.8% after transplanting crop field.
Embodiment 6
Planting sand ratio is changed to 3:6, remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
The germination percentage of the present embodiment seed is 90.8%, and seedling emergence rate can reach 92.4%, fills pouch kind shoot survival percent
91%, dress sack kind shoot survival percent 97.8%, survival rate is 98.2% after transplanting crop field.
Embodiment 7
(1)~(4) are the same as embodiment 1.
(5) management of taxusyunnanensis seedling after planting：It is cultivated on the spot on seedbed 2~3 years, light transmittance 100%.
The present embodiment germination percentage, seedling emergence rate, kind shoot survival percent are with embodiment 1, and survival rate is after planting transplantation of seedlings crop field
51.06%.
Embodiment 8
(1)~(4) are the same as embodiment 1.
(5) management of taxusyunnanensis seedling after planting：It is cultivated on the spot on seedbed 2~3 years, light transmittance 50%.
The present embodiment germination percentage, seedling emergence rate, kind shoot survival percent are with embodiment 1, and survival rate is after planting transplantation of seedlings crop field
57.80%.
Embodiment 9
(1)~(4) are the same as embodiment 1.
(5) management of taxusyunnanensis seedling after planting：It is cultivated on the spot on seedbed 2~3 years, light transmittance 25%.
The present embodiment germination percentage, seedling emergence rate, kind shoot survival percent are with embodiment 1, and survival rate is after planting transplantation of seedlings crop field
59.46%.
Comparative example 1
A kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis, its step are as follows：
(1) with embodiment 1.
(2) processing of taxusyunnanensis seed：The taxusyunnanensis seed harvested is together with aril and thin river sand
By volume 3:2 are uniformly mixed, and suitable quantity of water is added to be uniformly mixed, the i.e. scattered shape for the agglomerating pine that amount of water control is picked up in sand
State.
Remaining step is the same as embodiment 1.
The germination percentage of this comparative example seed is 58.3%, and seedling emergence rate can reach 78.4%, and seedling survives after filling pouch
Rate can reach 90.1%, and kind shoot survival percent is up to 98% after filling sack.Survival rate is up to 98.6% behind transplanting crop field.
Comparative example 2
A kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis, its step are as follows：
(1) with embodiment 2.
(2) processing of taxusyunnanensis seed：The taxusyunnanensis seed clear water harvested impregnates one week or so, waits for vacation
Kind skin bubble is rotten, and method stranding is washed with water and removes aril, wash clean.Water is filtered dry, shady place is put and dries in the shade, avoid sunlight.It is net with dustpan
Seed selection, by the seed cleaned and thin river sand by volume 3:4 are uniformly mixed, and add suitable quantity of water to be uniformly mixed, amount of water
Control the i.e. scattered state for the agglomerating pine picked up in sand.
Remaining step is the same as embodiment 2.
The germination percentage of the present embodiment seed is 60.2%, and seedling emergence rate can reach 78.9%, and seedling survives after filling pouch
Rate can reach 89.7%, and kind shoot survival percent is up to 98% after filling sack.Survival rate is up to 99.1% behind transplanting crop field.
Comparative example 3
Planting sand ratio is changed to 3:1, remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
The germination percentage of this comparative example seed is 86.5%, and seedling emergence rate can reach 93.8%, and seedling survives after filling pouch
Rate plants shoot survival percent up to 96.7% up to 90.2% after filling sack.Survival rate is up to 98.1% behind transplanting crop field.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps：
(1) the taxusyunnanensis seed sand storage of kind of skin will be removed, you can；The sand storage be by the taxusyunnanensis seed with
Sand by volume 3:2-3:The day and night temperature of 6 mixing, the sand storage is 10-20 DEG C；
(2) it sows；
(3) seedling management.
2. the seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step (1), the place of the sand storage is the area of 2000-4000 meters of height above sea level, preferably Yun-Gui Plateau, more preferably
Ground is the Dali City, yunnan Province towns Shang Guan；
And/or in step (1), the volume ratio of the taxusyunnanensis seed and the sand is 3:4-3:5, preferably
3:5。
3. the seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step (1), the taxusyunnanensis seed is the fresh seeds picked in the current year of the sand storage, the picking
When time is that the taxusyunnanensis seed aril is completely scarlet；
In step (1), before the removing kind skin, first the aril of taxusyunnanensis seed is removed, what the aril removed
Method preferably by taxusyunnanensis seed be soaked in water to aril steep it is rotten, washing rub with the hands go, you can；
In step (1), the method for removing kind of skin is that rough sand stranding is gone；
In step (1), the thickness of the sand storage is no more than 20cm, preferably 15-20cm, is more preferably 16-20cm；
It is primary every watering in 7 days after the sand storage in step (1)；
In step (1), the sand is thin river sand；
And/or in step (1), the sand storage is in Yun-Gui Plateau sand storage 1 year.
4. the seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to broadcast in step (2)
Kind is that the seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally is seeded in nursery, you can.
5. the seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that before sowing, by the dew
White seed disinfection；
The amount of the sowing is not more than 20kg/ mus, preferably 15-20kg/ mus；
It is described after planting, need on seed earthing, preferably, covering last layer pine needle again after the earthing；
The nursery builds solar protection devices through basal dressing, top；The base manure is preferably farm manure and/or composite fertilizer；Institute
The amount of application for stating farm manure is preferably 800-1000kg/ mus；The amount of application of the composite fertilizer is preferably 20-30kg/ mus；Institute
The light transmittance for stating solar protection devices is preferably 25-40%.
6. the seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), the seedling
The period of period management is after planting to grow fibrous root to seedling.
7. the seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the seedling grows fibrous root
Afterwards, the seedling is transplanted after nursery cultivates 2-3 in crop field；
Alternatively, after the seedling grows fibrous root, transplanted again in crop field after the seedling replanting to nursery lot is cultivated 2-3；Institute
It states nursery lot and builds solar protection devices through basal dressing, top；The base manure is preferably farm manure and/or composite fertilizer.
8. the seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that when the seedling is in nursery
Transplanting cultivates First Year when crop field after 2-3 is cultivated on ground, and the light transmittance of the solar protection devices is 25-40%, after 1 year, institute
The light transmittance for stating solar protection devices is 50-70%.
9. the seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that when by the seedling replanting
It transplants after cultivating 2-3 to nursery lot when crop field, is transplanted extremely after the seedling being fitted into the sack of the soil containing nursery lot again
Nursery lot is cultivated.
10. the seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the seedling to be filled to
It in the pouch of the soil containing nursery lot, cultivates 1 year, then transplant in the sack of the soil containing nursery lot, continues to cultivate 1-3, pouch
The light transmittance that middle cultivation and pouch are transplanted to preceding 3 months solar protection devices in sack is 25-40%, and pouch is transplanted to sack
The light transmittance of solar protection devices is 50-70% after 3 months；
It cultivates 2-3 alternatively, the seedling is filled in the pouch of the soil containing nursery lot or the seedling is filled to containing nursery lot
2-3 is cultivated in the sack of soil, the light transmittance for cultivating solar protection devices described in First Year is 25-40%, sunshade after cultivating 1 year
The light transmittance of device is 50-70%；
The pouch is the sack of length 8-10cm, width 5-10cm；The sack is for length in 25cm or more, width in 20cm
Above sack.
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| CN108966982A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-11 | 云南思农蔬菜种业发展有限责任公司 | The application method of pine needle in a kind of seedbed nursery of green onion class land |
| CN111602550A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-09-01 | 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 | Artificial seedling raising method using taxus chinensis seeds |
| CN113039891A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-06-29 | 云南省林木种苗工作总站(云南省林木种苗花卉产品质量监督检验站) | Cultivation method for increasing survival rate of Yunnan sequoia seeds |
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| CN103004440A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2013-04-03 | 曲靖市民丰现代农业科技开发有限公司 | Stereoscopic ecological cultivation method of Taxus yunnanensis and walnut |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108966982A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-11 | 云南思农蔬菜种业发展有限责任公司 | The application method of pine needle in a kind of seedbed nursery of green onion class land |
| CN111602550A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-09-01 | 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 | Artificial seedling raising method using taxus chinensis seeds |
| CN113039891A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-06-29 | 云南省林木种苗工作总站(云南省林木种苗花卉产品质量监督检验站) | Cultivation method for increasing survival rate of Yunnan sequoia seeds |
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