CN106508436A - Grafting and cultivation method of Taxus chinensis - Google Patents
Grafting and cultivation method of Taxus chinensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN106508436A CN106508436A CN201610869075.2A CN201610869075A CN106508436A CN 106508436 A CN106508436 A CN 106508436A CN 201610869075 A CN201610869075 A CN 201610869075A CN 106508436 A CN106508436 A CN 106508436A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting and cultivation method of Taxus chinensis, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine material planting. The method includes preparation before grafting, grafting operation and management after grafting. The preparation before grafting, comprises the steps that grafting time is June to July, a scion is collected 15-30 d before grafting, the whole scion is sealed with paraffin and is put into wet sand in a cool place for preservation. The rafting operation comprises the steps of a, treatment of cutting scion, wherein the grafting opening is dipped in a root growing foliar fertilizer for standby application; b, grafting, wherein stopping cutting at the grafting part, one side of a rootstock section is cut into a concave triangular rootstock groove using a grafting knife, the scion is taken out, the other end of the rootstock section is cut into a convex triangle corresponding the concave triangle rootstock groove, the scion is embedded into the rootstock groove, both sides of the rootstock groove are made to be adjoined, and a callus anti-corrosion film is smeared. The management after grafting comprises the steps of a, unbinding and removing burgeons; b, applying the fertilizer and moisture management; c, grafted seedling pest control. According to the grafting and cultivation method of Taxus chinensis, grafting is conducted in June to July, the method is suitable for grafting of a big rootstock, and has the advantages of being fast in shooting, early in formation of crowns, smooth in grafting healing part and high in grafting survival rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese crude drug planting technology field, and in particular to a kind of Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae grafting cultivation method.
Background technology
Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae also known as Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae, aiphyllium, ground plant up to 25 meters, are world's rare tree species, Yunnan Province of China, Tibet,
Heilungkiang, Jilin, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi, Jiangxi etc. save a small amount of distribution.Find according to the study, refine from its skin, root, leaf
The paclitaxel for going out, has special effect to anti-curing cancers, leukemia, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).Paclitaxel is more expensive than gold, therefore Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae has golden yellow tree
Title.
Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae, belongs to shallow rooted plant, and obvious, lateral root is flourishing for its main root, and shade-tolerant tree species likes the weather of warm and moist, leads to
It is frequently grown at foot of the hill innerland more humidity.Naturally the mountain valley of 1000 meters or less than 1500 meters of height above sea level, small stream side, gentle slope are grown in rotten
Grow in the abundant acid ground of matter, it is desirable to which the higher yellow earth of fertility, yellowish soil, neutral soil, calcium soil can also grow.It is drought-resistant lean
It is thin, intolerant to low-lying hydrops.It is stronger to climatic adaptation power, year 11 ~ 16 DEG C of samming, minimum extreme value is reachable -11 DEG C.Sprout with stronger
Bud ability, common rudiment sprig on trunk, as growth of taxol speed is slow under field conditions (factors), regeneration capacity is poor, China
One-level rare endangered plants are classified as, the United Nations also prohibites felling.It is generally acknowledged endangered in the world
Natural rare plants for anticancer, the ancient seeds that quaternary glacier is carried over, the on earth existing history of 2,500,000 years.
During the growth and breeding of Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae, by sexual propagation, some we required for character cannot but keep,
Now can be continuing the character required for us using propagation by grafiting or cutting propagation.Compared to cutting propagation, cuttage
Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae seedling, grow up to big tree one very long growth course of needs, and grafting, different stocks can be directly selected
Size, is determined the size of Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae after grafting, therefore use is also relatively broad with this, but the engrafting method of prior art,
As disclosed in 104429642 A of Chinese patent CN, a kind of Taxus mairei grafting cultivation method, comprises the following steps:A, tool
On the Taxus mairei plant of the robust growth of character in need, life in 2 ~ 3 years, the ash gray branch section of cortex color is intercepted, with U.S.
Work knife cuts out symmetrical long inclined-plane and short inclined-plane in the bottom of the branch section, and 0.4 is pruned in the upper end on long inclined-plane ~
0.5cm cortexes, expose cambium layer;The healthy and strong common Taxus mairei nursery stock of b, growth selection as stock, in the shade face it is smooth
Locate as position to be grafted;The edge of a knife cuts cortical sites in 30 degree of angles first, and after seeing white cambium layer, the edge of a knife is parallel with stock downwards
Cut, then the edge of a knife is continued to 2 ~ 3cm of incision into 30 degree of angles with stock;C, left hand insert scion in stock otch, and scion is long
The cambium layer of inclined-plane upper end is aligned with the cambium layer of stock;The right hand pinches scion and stock, seals colligation with plastic sheeting.The party
Method be it is traditional tear skin notch grafting, survival rate is higher, but due to damageeing bark, nutrition supply is slower, causes graft union not
Easily heal, therefore growing way is also slower.
The content of the invention
It is the invention is intended to provide a kind of engrafting method of Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae, to solve tradition and tear skin notch grafting to damage bark, right
Grafting early growth brings the problem of impact.
A kind of Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae grafting cultivation method in this programme, including preparation, grafting operation and managing after grafting before grafting,
Specially:Prepare before grafting:Grafting time is 6 ~ July, selects height above sea level in more than 800m, and 1 ~ 2 year raw wild red bean China fir is to connect
Fringe, selects height above sea level in 300 ~ 800m, and raw Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae is stock within 2 ~ 3 years, before grafting in 15 ~ 30d, gathers the scion of 5 ~ 8cm length,
The full fringe of scion after collection is sealed with wax with paraffin, is put into water content In Shade preservation in 80 ~ 90% wet sand;
Grafting operation:The process of a, fringe bar:Grafting the previous day, the scion sealed with wax is taken out, paraffin is removed, interface dips in volumetric concentration
For 0.08 ~ 0.1% foliage fertilizer solution for standby of taking root;B, grafting:In the disconnected anvil of grafting part, in stock section side grafting knife
Recessed triangle stock groove is whittled into, scion is taken out, lower end is whittled into convex triangle corresponding with recessed triangle stock groove, and scion is embedding
Enter in stock groove, make both sides fluid-tight engagement, after smearing wound healing corrosion prevention film, tightly wrap up interface, then with plastic bag cover scion and
Grafting part, forms moisture preserving cover, takes shade net in the outside of stock;
Managing after grafting:A, unbind and remove and sprout:Grafting removed sunshade net after one month, after scion bud head is sprouted, progressively unclamped
Until removing plastic bag, before removing plastic bag, plastic bag is carefully needled with point of a knife, it is to avoid touching interface;During stock sprout tillers, immediately
Erase;B, fertilising and water management:In seedling growth Fast-growing stage, in early August, with reference to watering, farm manure 300 per mu is spread fertilizer over the fields
~500kg;September combines to water per mu spreads fertilizer over the fields carbamide and each 30 ~ 50kg of potassium sulfate;C, grafting pest control:With deep Calx to soil
Earth is sterilized, and 1200 times of the preventing and treating sprinkling mite killing spirit of aphid or sprinkling omethoate 1000 are prevented and treated again.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:1st, select for 6 ~ July carry out grafting, now at this moment temperature is suitable, and Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae scion is
Semi-lignified is enriched to lignifying, scion development, and stored nutrient material is more, while the notch grafting for adopting suitably is difficult in bark
Use during stripping, be suitable to big stock grafting, it is fast with the tip is taken out, tree crown morning is formed, is smoothed at graft union, high graft survival rate
Feature.
2nd, fringe bar shifts to an earlier date the collection of even one month two weeks, by the steaming sealed with wax with reduce scion moisture after wet sand storage
Send out, it is ensured that scion survives the vitality of a period of time from being grafted onto, and the preservation purpose for being advanced to few two weeks is to control and adjust
The Physiological Water Consumption and moisture of scion scatter and disappear, to greatest extent ensure scion anvil fringe agglutination China moisture supply so as to
Raising graft survival rate by a relatively large margin.
3rd, by the use of take root foliage fertilizer solution and wound healing corrosion prevention film, the healing of interface is effectively facilitated, is effectively improved and is transferred
The survival rate for connecing.
4th, by sunshade net, it is to avoid direct sunlight, temperature are drastically raised, here fringe bar dehydration excessively withers, and reduces survival rate.
5th, erase in time sprout tillers, with reference to water and fertilizer management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, keep the skin wet in time and fertilizer, and avoid other
Impact of the factor to grafting survival.
It is further preferred that the composition of the foliage fertilizer of taking root includes that heteroauxing, naphthalene acetic acid and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate are mixed
Plant growth promoter, be that collection is taken root that many, many, result of blooming is more, volume increase is more, anti-continuous cropping, disease resistance, anti-fall, drought resisting, resisted
Cold, premature senescence resistance, pollination fruit-setting rate, precocity, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing accelerator is improved, 10 seconds can be, in plant, strengthening
Scion activity, inspires the plant powerful time sprouted root tillering ability, shorten grafting survival, to ensure the survival rate of grafting.
Further optimize, the composition of the wound healing corrosion prevention film include zinc sulfate, Fructus Toosendan, sodium benzoate, Radix Isatidis,
Dodecyl sodium sulfate, 2,4- dichlorphenoxyacetic acids, naphthalene acetic acid, Polysorbate, antifreezing agent, stabilizer and thickening agent.In wound
Wound healing corrosion prevention film is smeared at place, easily promote wound produce wound healing, can effectively kill pathogen, while the Wound protection of lasting period length
Agent.
Further, the grafting knife is disinfected using front pre- first passing through.The purpose of sterilization is to prevent antibacterial and pathogenic bacterium
The infection of docking port.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
Embodiment 1:A kind of Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae grafting cultivation method, including preparing before grafting, grafting operation and managing after grafting, specially
Prepare before grafting:Grafting time is June, selects height above sea level in 800m, and 1 ~ 2 year raw wild red bean China fir is scion, selects sea
Pull out in 500m, 2 ~ 3 years raw Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae are stock, and 15d before grafting, the scion of collection 5 ~ 8cm length, the full fringe of the scion after collection are used
Paraffin is sealed with wax, and is put into water content and is placed in preservation in the cellar that temperature is 0 ~ 5 DEG C in 80 ~ 90% wet sand;
Grafting operation:The process of a, fringe bar:Grafting the previous day, the scion sealed with wax is taken out, paraffin is removed with knife, connecing in fringe bar
Mouth dips in the life of the plant growth promoter mixed rich in heteroauxing, naphthalene acetic acid and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate that volumetric concentration is 0.08%
Root foliage fertilizer solution for standby;
B, grafting:In the disconnected anvil of grafting part, the grafting knife after stock section side disinfects in alcohol is whittled into recessed triangle stock
Groove, scion is taken out, and lower end is whittled into convex triangle corresponding with recessed triangle stock groove, by scion embedded stock groove, makes two
Side fluid-tight engagement, smears zinc sulfate, Fructus Toosendan, sodium benzoate, Radix Isatidis, dodecyl sodium sulfate, 2,4- dichloros in seam
After the wound healing corrosion prevention film of the preparations such as phenoxy acetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid, Polysorbate, antifreezing agent, stabilizer and thickening agent, tight wrapping connects
Mouthful, then scion and grafting part is covered with plastic bag, moisture preserving cover is formed, and shade net is taken in the outside of stock;
Managing after grafting:A, unbind and remove and sprout:Grafting removed sunshade net after one month, after scion bud head is sprouted, progressively unclamped
Until removing plastic bag, before removing plastic bag, plastic bag is carefully needled with point of a knife, it is to avoid touching interface;During stock sprout tillers, immediately
Erase;B, fertilising and water management:In seedling growth Fast-growing stage, in early August, with reference to watering, per mu farm manure is spread fertilizer over the fields
300kg;September combines to water per mu spreads fertilizer over the fields carbamide and each 30kg of potassium sulfate;C, grafting pest control:Soil is disappeared with deep Calx
Poison, 1200 times of the preventing and treating sprinkling mite killing spirit of aphid are prevented and treated.
Embodiment 2:A kind of Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae grafting cultivation method, including preparation, grafting operation and managing after grafting before grafting, tool
Body is
Prepare before grafting:Grafting time is mid-June, selects height above sea level in 1000m, and 1 ~ 2 year raw wild red bean China fir is scion, is selected
Height above sea level is selected in 700m, 2 ~ 3 years raw Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae are stock, and 20d before grafting, the scion of collection 5 ~ 8cm length, the scion after collection are complete
Fringe is sealed with wax with paraffin, is put into water content and is placed in preservation in the cavern that temperature is 0 ~ 5 DEG C in 80 ~ 90% wet sand;
Grafting operation:The process of a, fringe bar:Grafting the previous day, the scion sealed with wax is taken out, paraffin is removed with knife, connecing in fringe bar
Mouth dips in taking root for the plant growth promoter mixed rich in heteroauxing, naphthalene acetic acid and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate that volumetric concentration is 0.1%
Foliage fertilizer solution for standby;
B, grafting:In the disconnected anvil of grafting part, the grafting knife after stock section side disinfects in alcohol is whittled into recessed triangle stock
Groove, scion is taken out, and lower end is whittled into convex triangle corresponding with recessed triangle stock groove, by scion embedded stock groove, makes two
Side fluid-tight engagement, smears zinc sulfate, Fructus Toosendan, sodium benzoate, Radix Isatidis, dodecyl sodium sulfate, 2,4- dichloros in seam
After the wound healing corrosion prevention film of the preparations such as phenoxy acetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid, Polysorbate, antifreezing agent, stabilizer and thickening agent, tight wrapping connects
Mouthful, then scion and grafting part is covered with plastic bag, moisture preserving cover is formed, and shade net is taken in the outside of stock;
Managing after grafting:A, unbind and remove and sprout:Grafting removed sunshade net after one month, after scion bud head is sprouted, progressively unclamped
Until removing plastic bag, before removing plastic bag, plastic bag is carefully needled with point of a knife, it is to avoid touching interface;During stock sprout tillers, immediately
Erase;B, fertilising and water management:In seedling growth Fast-growing stage, in early August, with reference to watering, per mu farm manure is spread fertilizer over the fields
400kg;September combines to water per mu spreads fertilizer over the fields carbamide and each 50kg of potassium sulfate;C, grafting pest control:Soil is disappeared with deep Calx
Poison, the preventing and treating sprinkling omethoate 1000 of aphid are prevented and treated again.
Embodiment 3:A kind of Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae grafting cultivation method, including preparation, grafting operation and managing after grafting before grafting, tool
Body is
Prepare before grafting:Grafting time is July, selects height above sea level in 1200m, and 1 ~ 2 year raw wild red bean China fir is scion, selects sea
Pull out in 800m, 2 ~ 3 years raw Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae are stock, and 30d before grafting, the scion of collection 5 ~ 8cm length, the full fringe of the scion after collection are used
Paraffin is sealed with wax, and is put into water content and is placed in preservation in the cavern that temperature is 0 ~ 5 DEG C in 80 ~ 90% wet sand;
Grafting operation:The process of a, fringe bar:Grafting the previous day, the scion sealed with wax is taken out, paraffin is removed with knife, connecing in fringe bar
Mouth dips in taking root for the plant growth promoter mixed rich in heteroauxing, naphthalene acetic acid and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate that volumetric concentration is 0.1%
Foliage fertilizer solution for standby;
B, grafting:In the disconnected anvil of grafting part, the grafting knife after stock section side disinfects in alcohol is whittled into recessed triangle stock
Groove, scion is taken out, and lower end is whittled into convex triangle corresponding with recessed triangle stock groove, by scion embedded stock groove, makes two
Side fluid-tight engagement, smears zinc sulfate, Fructus Toosendan, sodium benzoate, Radix Isatidis, dodecyl sodium sulfate, 2,4- dichloros in seam
After the wound healing corrosion prevention film of the preparations such as phenoxy acetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid, Polysorbate, antifreezing agent, stabilizer and thickening agent, tight wrapping connects
Mouthful, then scion and grafting part is covered with plastic bag, moisture preserving cover is formed, and shade net is taken in the outside of stock;
Managing after grafting:A, unbind and remove and sprout:Grafting removed sunshade net after one month, after scion bud head is sprouted, progressively unclamped
Until removing plastic bag, before removing plastic bag, plastic bag is carefully needled with point of a knife, it is to avoid touching interface;During stock sprout tillers, immediately
Erase;B, fertilising and water management:In seedling growth Fast-growing stage, in early August, with reference to watering, per mu farm manure is spread fertilizer over the fields
500kg;September combines to water per mu spreads fertilizer over the fields carbamide and each 50kg of potassium sulfate;C, grafting pest control:Soil is disappeared with deep Calx
Poison, the preventing and treating sprinkling omethoate 1000 of aphid are prevented and treated again.
Using embodiments of the invention 1, embodiment 2,3 grafting Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae of embodiment, in 15 ~ 20d, sampling survey 280
Graft union(Strain), wherein embodiment 1 survives 257 plants, and dead 23 plants, survival rate is 91.8%, and embodiment 2 survives 269 plants, dead
11 plants, survival rate is 96%, and embodiment 3 survives 261 plants, and dead 19 plants, survival rate is 93%, wherein with the grafting of embodiment 2 into
Motility rate highest.
Above-described is only embodiments of the invention, and in scheme, the known general knowledge here such as concrete structure and characteristic is not made
It is excessive to describe.It should be pointed out that for a person skilled in the art, on the premise of without departing from present configuration, can be with
Some deformations and improvement is made, these should also be considered as protection scope of the present invention, these are implemented all without the impact present invention
Effect and practical applicability.This application claims protection domain should be defined by the content of its claim, in description
Specific embodiment etc. records the content that can be used for explaining claim.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae grafting cultivation method, it is characterised in that including preparing before grafting, grafting operation and managing after grafting,
Specially:Prepare before grafting:Grafting time is 6 ~ July, selects height above sea level in more than 800m, and 1 ~ 2 year raw wild red bean China fir is to connect
Fringe, selects height above sea level in 300 ~ 800m, and raw Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae is stock within 2 ~ 3 years, before grafting in 15 ~ 30d, gathers the scion of 5 ~ 8cm length,
The full fringe of scion after collection is sealed with wax with paraffin, is put into water content In Shade preservation in 80 ~ 90% wet sand;
Grafting operation:The process of a, fringe bar:Grafting the previous day, the scion sealed with wax is taken out, paraffin is removed, interface dips in volumetric concentration
For 0.08 ~ 0.1% foliage fertilizer solution for standby of taking root;B, grafting:In the disconnected anvil of grafting part, in stock section side grafting knife
Recessed triangle stock groove is whittled into, scion is taken out, lower end is whittled into convex triangle corresponding with recessed triangle stock groove, and scion is embedding
Enter in stock groove, make both sides fluid-tight engagement, after smearing wound healing corrosion prevention film, tightly wrap up interface, then with plastic bag cover scion and
Grafting part, forms moisture preserving cover, takes shade net in the outside of stock;
Managing after grafting:A, unbind and remove and sprout:Grafting removed sunshade net after one month, after scion bud head is sprouted, progressively unclamped
Until removing plastic bag, before removing plastic bag, plastic bag is carefully needled with point of a knife, it is to avoid touching interface;During stock sprout tillers, immediately
Erase;B, fertilising and water management:In seedling growth Fast-growing stage, in early August, with reference to watering, farm manure 300 per mu is spread fertilizer over the fields
~500kg;September combines to water per mu spreads fertilizer over the fields carbamide and each 30 ~ 50kg of potassium sulfate;C, grafting pest control:With deep Calx to soil
Earth is sterilized, and 1200 times of the preventing and treating sprinkling mite killing spirit of aphid or sprinkling omethoate 1000 are prevented and treated again.
2. Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae grafting cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The foliage fertilizer of taking root into subpackage
Include the plant growth promoter that heteroauxing, naphthalene acetic acid and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate are mixed.
3. Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae grafting cultivation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The wound healing corrosion prevention film into subpackage
Include zinc sulfate, Fructus Toosendan, sodium benzoate, Radix Isatidis, dodecyl sodium sulfate, 2,4- dichlorphenoxyacetic acids, naphthalene acetic acid, poly- Pyrusussuriensiss
Ester, antifreezing agent, stabilizer and thickening agent.
4. Ramulus et folium taxi cuspidatae grafting cultivation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The grafting knife uses front advance Jing
Cross and disinfect.
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刘建慧等: "嫁接法提高曼地亚红豆杉生长势的研究", 《绿色科技》 * |
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CN108541497A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-09-18 | 上海市药材有限公司 | A kind of seedling method for culturing seedlings of taxusyunnanensis |
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CN108738785A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-06 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | A kind of method that arbor Japanese yew grafts red white soya bean Japanese yew |
CN110122146A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-16 | 赵孝国 | A kind of Chinese catalpa short interlocking, hole plate seedling growth method |
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