CN111615985A - Cultivation process of garden flower seedlings - Google Patents
Cultivation process of garden flower seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN111615985A CN111615985A CN202010502668.1A CN202010502668A CN111615985A CN 111615985 A CN111615985 A CN 111615985A CN 202010502668 A CN202010502668 A CN 202010502668A CN 111615985 A CN111615985 A CN 111615985A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/04—Oxygen or sulfur attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N39/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing aryloxy- or arylthio-aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds, containing the group or, e.g. phenoxyethylamine, phenylthio-acetonitrile, phenoxyacetone
- A01N39/02—Aryloxy-carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
- A01N39/04—Aryloxy-acetic acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation process of garden flower seedlings, which relates to the technical field of plant cultivation and comprises the following steps: s1, stock preparation; s2, preparing scions; s3, treating the rootstock and the scion by using a plant growth regulator; s4, grafting scions and rootstocks; s5, post management; wherein the plant growth regulator comprises phytohormones: 1.2-1.6 parts; benzylaminopurine: 0.5-0.9 part; urea: 0.07-0.09 part; glucose: 0.05-0.07 part; sodium phosphate: 0.05-0.08 part; vitamin A: 0.001-0.004 portion; vitamin B: 0.002-0.006 part; the plant hormone is prepared by mixing 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and methyl naphthylacetate. The invention utilizes the plant growth regulator to induce the rapid formation and proliferation of the callus, and has the advantage of improving the survival rate of the grafted seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a cultivation process of garden flower seedlings.
Background
The rhododendron is a deciduous shrub flower plant, is one of ten traditional famous flowers in China, can be used as a flower seedling in landscaping engineering, is various in variety, and is usually propagated by adopting methods of sowing, cuttage, grafting, layering, splitting and the like. The grafting can graft the branch or bud of one plant onto the stem or root of another plant, so that the two plants with affinity can form callus at the joint to generate healing phenomenon, the conduit and the sieve tube are communicated to form a new individual, the branch for grafting is called scion, the grafted plant is called stock, and the grafted seedling is called grafted seedling. The grafted seedling can maintain the character of the good variety scion and improve the adaptability and the stress resistance of the plant.
At present, most rhododendrons adopt a grafting mode to culture a plurality of different and single-color rhododendrons into complete plants with a plurality of colors in a combined mode, whether grafted seedlings can succeed depends on whether rootstocks and scions can generate callus tissues and quickly connect and differentiate cambium and transfer tissues, and because the rootstocks and the scions have the problem of long healing period, the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a garden flower seedling cultivation process, which can induce the rapid formation of callus and has the advantage of improving the survival rate of grafted seedlings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cultivation process of garden flower seedlings specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, stock preparation: selecting a new juan with the growth time of more than 2 years, the bark thickness of 1.5-2.5 mm and no plant diseases and insect pests as a stock, cutting off the branch head, removing the leaves of the new branch, and longitudinally splitting the middle of the base of the branch by using a grafting knife for 0.8-1.1 cm;
s2, preparing scions: selecting a western azalea top branch which has a growth time of more than 1 year and has no disease or insect pest as a scion, wherein the scion is provided with 3-4 spores, the length of the scion is controlled to be 4-6 cm, removing leaves below the scion, keeping 3-4 leaves at the top and the top of the scion, flattening two sides of the bottom of the scion by using a grafting knife to form a wedge shape, and flattening the cut surface, wherein the cut surface length is 1-1.3 cm;
s3, pretreatment in the early stage: immersing the cut surface of the scion into a plant growth regulator for 10-30 s, and meanwhile, coating the plant growth regulator on the split surface of the stock;
s4, grafting by grafting: prying a wood splitting opening of a stock, inserting the bottom of a scion into the splitting opening of the stock to enable the scion to be attached to a forming layer of the stock, enabling the side surface of the scion to face outwards, enabling the outer surface of the scion to be located on the inner side of the outer surface of the stock, then tightly wrapping the grafting position with a self-adhesive grafting film, sleeving a transparent plastic bag and the scion below the grafting position of the stock, and tightly binding the bag opening of the transparent plastic bag;
s5, post management: spraying water mist into the transparent plastic bag, maintaining the curing conditions of 15-30 ℃ of temperature, 70-80% of water and 60-70% of light, removing the transparent plastic bag after 10-15 d of grafting, and removing the self-adhesive grafting film after 25-35 d of grafting;
the plant growth regulator is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
plant hormones: 1.2-1.6 parts;
benzylaminopurine: 0.5-0.9 part;
urea: 0.07-0.09 part;
glucose: 0.05-0.07 part;
sodium phosphate: 0.05-0.08 part;
vitamin A: 0.001-0.004 portion;
vitamin B: 0.002-0.006 part;
the plant hormone is prepared by mixing 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and methyl naphthylacetate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the scion and the rootstock are treated by the plant growth regulator in advance before grafting, wherein two plant hormones, namely 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and methyl naphthylacetate, can induce the formation and proliferation of the callus, the benzylaminopurine can promote the inducing effect of the plant hormones on the formation of the callus, and other nutrient substances, such as urea, glucose and the like, provide sufficient nutrients for cell differentiation, so that the survival rate of the grafted seedling is integrally improved.
Further, the plant growth regulator comprises 0.004-0.007 parts by weight of ethephon as a raw material.
By adopting the technical scheme, ethephon can release ethylene and promote the plants to generate ethylene, and the ethylene can participate in the differentiation activity of the plants, increase the activity of cell differentiation and induce the formation and proliferation of callus, thereby improving the survival rate of grafted seedlings.
Furthermore, the plant growth regulator also comprises 0.03-0.08 part by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide.
By adopting the technical scheme, the chitosan oligosaccharide is used as an exciton and can induce the lignification of the wound part of the plant, so that a physical barrier for hindering or delaying the invasion of pathogenic bacteria is formed, and the disease resistance of the plant is improved; meanwhile, the chitosan oligosaccharide can be chelated with trace elements in urea, glucose, vitamin A, vitamin B or sodium phosphate, so that the nutrient components in the plant growth regulator are fully absorbed, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and a large amount of nucleic acid and protein substances are generated by cell differentiation to provide nutrients, thereby improving the survival rate of the grafted seedlings.
Further, the plant hormone is prepared by mixing 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and methyl naphthylacetate according to the mass ratio of (2-3) to (1-3).
By adopting the technical scheme, the 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and the methyl naphthylacetate are compounded and used in the mass ratio of (2-3) to (1-3) to obtain the plant growth regulator, and the plant growth regulator has better induction effect on callus formation.
Further, in step S1, the rhododendron is selected from one of an oroxylum indicum, an oroxylum indicum and a oroxylum indicum, and the stock is a new branch of the rhododendron in the next year after the cutting survival.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rhododendron simsii franch, the oroxylum indicum and the oroxylum indicum have good affinity with the western azalea and high survival rate, the new branches of the azalea can be cut and survived the next year, the stock and the scion are tender and equal in thickness, the growth is rapid after the scion is survived, and the connector is well healed.
Further, the stock and the scion both adopt semi-lignified rhododendron new branches.
By adopting the technical scheme, the scion and the stock are semi-lignified, so that the survival rate of grafting the stock and the scion can be improved.
Further, in step S4, the cut surface of the scion is exposed to the top of the rootstock by 0.4cm to 0.8 cm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cut surface of the scion is exposed to the stock, so that sufficient oxygen can be ensured in the wrapped cambium, the respiration of the callus is facilitated, the proliferation of the callus is promoted, and the survival rate of the grafted seedling is improved.
Further, root irrigation is carried out on the rootstock for 1-2 times/month by using a ferrous sulfate solution in step S5, and the acidity of the soil is kept between 4.5 and 6.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ferrous sulfate solution is applied to the soil, so that the iron element in the plant body can be supplemented, the absorption of the plant to nitrogen and phosphorus elements is promoted, and meanwhile, the pH value of the soil is adjusted, so that the fertilizer is suitable for the growth environment of the azalea acid soil.
Further, the preparation method of the plant growth regulator comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the plant hormone, the benayl aminopurine, the urea, the glucose, the chitosan oligosaccharide, the sodium phosphate, the vitamin A and the vitamin B according to the proportion, and dissolving and diluting the mixture by using water to obtain the plant growth regulating hormone with the concentration of 50mg/L-200 mg/L.
By adopting the technical scheme, the concentration of the plant growth regulator is too low to play a role in inducing callus formation, and the concentration of the plant growth regulator is too high to play a role in inhibiting, so that the leaves are seriously dried and fall off, and grafted seedlings die, and the plant growth regulator is controlled within the concentration range of 50-200 mg/L, so that a better inducing effect on callus formation can be achieved, and the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is improved.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the first step, the scion and the rootstock are treated by a plant growth regulator in advance before grafting, wherein two plant hormones, namely 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and methyl naphthylacetate, can induce the formation and proliferation of callus, benzylaminopurine can promote the inducing effect of the plant hormones on the formation of the callus, and other nutrient substances, such as urea, glucose, vitamins and the like, provide sufficient nutrients for cell differentiation and integrally improve the survival rate of grafted seedlings.
And secondly, ethephon can release ethylene and promote the plants to generate ethylene, and the ethylene can participate in the differentiation activity of the plants, increase the cell differentiation activity and induce the formation and proliferation of callus, thereby improving the survival rate of the grafted seedlings.
Thirdly, the chitosan oligosaccharide is used as an exciton and can induce the lignification of the injured part of the plant, thereby forming a physical barrier for hindering or delaying the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and improving the disease resistance of the plant; meanwhile, the chitosan oligosaccharide can be chelated with trace elements in urea, glucose, vitamin A, vitamin B or sodium phosphate, so that the nutrient components in the plant growth regulator are fully absorbed, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and a large amount of nucleic acid and protein substances are generated by cell differentiation to provide nutrients, thereby improving the survival rate of the grafted seedlings.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid produced by Hubei Siberian Okino Co.Ltd;
the methyl naphthylacetate is methyl phenylacetate produced by Shanghai Lingmi chemical company Limited;
the benzylaminopurine adopts benzylaminopurine produced by Lifertig Liferou pharmaceutical industry Limited;
the chitosan oligosaccharide is produced by Zhengzhou Tianshun food additive limited company.
Preparation example
The following table 1 is a mass ratio of each component of the plant growth regulator in preparation examples 1-3:
TABLE 1 mass ratios of respective components of the plant growth regulators in preparation examples 1 to 3
Note: the plant hormone is prepared by mixing 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and methyl naphthylacetate according to the mass ratio.
Preparation example 1: 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, methyl naphthylacetate, benzylaminopurine, urea, glucose, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phosphate, vitamin A, vitamin B and ethephon are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of preparation example 1 in Table 1, then a small amount of water is added for full dissolution, and finally the plant growth regulator with the concentration of 50mg/L is obtained by diluting with water.
Preparation example 2: 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, methyl naphthylacetate, benzylaminopurine, urea, glucose, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phosphate, vitamin A, vitamin B and ethephon are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of preparation example 1 in Table 1, then a small amount of water is added for full dissolution, and finally the plant growth regulator with the concentration of 200mg/L is obtained by diluting with water.
Preparation example 3: according to the mass ratio of preparation example 1 in table 1, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, methyl naphthylacetate, benzylaminopurine, urea, glucose, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phosphate, vitamin A, vitamin B and ethephon are uniformly mixed, then a small amount of water is added for fully dissolving, and finally the plant growth regulator with the concentration of 100mg/L is obtained by diluting with water.
Examples
Example 1
A cultivation process of garden flower seedlings specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, stock preparation: selecting a new branch of rhododendron pulchrum with the growth time of more than 2 years, the bark thickness of 1.8mm and no diseases and insect pests as a stock, selecting a semi-lignified top branch as the stock, cutting off the branch head, removing the leaves of the new branch, and longitudinally splitting the middle of the base of the branch by 0.8cm by using a grafting knife;
s2, preparing scions: selecting a semi-lignified top branch of western rhododendron with the growth time of more than 1 year as a scion, wherein the scion is provided with 4 spores, the length of the scion is controlled to be 4cm, removing leaves below the scion, keeping top buds and 4 leaves at the top of the scion, flattening two sides of the bottom of the scion by using a grafting knife to form a wedge shape, and flattening the cut surface, wherein the cut surface length is 1 cm;
s3, pretreatment in the early stage: selecting the plant growth regulator obtained in the preparation example 1, immersing the cut surface of the scion into the plant growth regulator for 20s, and meanwhile, coating the plant growth regulator on the cut surface of the stock;
s4, grafting by grafting: the method comprises the following steps of prying a stock splitting opening during grafting, inserting the bottom of a scion into the splitting opening of a stock to enable the scion to be attached to a forming layer of the stock, enabling the side surface of the scion to face outwards, enabling the outer surface of the scion to be located on the inner side of the outer surface of the stock, enabling the cutting surface of the scion to be exposed out of the top of the stock by 0.4cm, then tightly wrapping the grafting position with a self-adhesive grafting film, sleeving a transparent plastic bag and the scion below the grafting position of the stock, and tightly tying the opening of the;
s5, post management: spraying water mist into the transparent plastic bag, maintaining the curing conditions of 15 ℃, 80% of water and 70% of illumination, irrigating roots of the stock by using a ferrous sulfate solution for 1 time/month, keeping the acidity of soil to be 5, removing the transparent plastic bag after 15d grafting, and removing the self-adhesive grafting film after 25d grafting.
Example 2
A cultivation process of garden flower seedlings specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, stock preparation: selecting a new branch of rhododendron pulchrum with the growth time of more than 2 years, the bark thickness of 1.5mm and no diseases and insect pests as a stock, selecting a semi-lignified top branch as the stock, cutting off the head of the branch, removing the leaves of the new branch, and longitudinally splitting the middle of the base of the branch by 1cm by using a grafting knife;
s2, preparing scions: selecting a semi-lignified top branch of western rhododendron with the growth time of more than 1 year as a scion, opening 3 spores on the scion, controlling the length of the scion to be 6cm, removing leaves below the scion, keeping 3 leaves at the top and the top of the scion, flattening two sides of the bottom of the scion by using a grafting knife to form a wedge shape, and flattening the cut surface, wherein the cut surface length is 1.2 cm;
s3, pretreatment in the early stage: selecting the plant growth regulator obtained in the preparation example 2, immersing the cut surface of the scion into the plant growth regulator for 30s, and meanwhile, coating the plant growth regulator on the cut surface of the stock;
s4, grafting by grafting: the method comprises the following steps of prying a stock splitting opening during grafting, inserting the bottom of a scion into the splitting opening of a stock to enable the scion to be attached to a forming layer of the stock, enabling the side surface of the scion to face outwards, enabling the outer surface of the scion to be located on the inner side of the outer surface of the stock, enabling the cutting surface of the scion to be exposed out of the top of the stock by 0.5cm, then tightly wrapping the grafting position with a self-adhesive grafting film, sleeving a transparent plastic bag and the scion below the grafting position of the stock, and tightly tying the opening of the;
s5, post management: spraying water mist into the transparent plastic bag, maintaining the curing conditions of 20 ℃, 70% of water and 65% of illumination, irrigating roots of the stock for 2 times/month by using a ferrous sulfate solution, keeping the acidity of the soil at 4.5, removing the transparent plastic bag after 10 days of grafting, and removing the self-adhesive grafting film after 35 days of grafting.
Example 3
A cultivation process of garden flower seedlings specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, stock preparation: selecting a new branch of rhododendron pulchrum with the growth time of more than 2 years, the bark thickness of 2.5mm and no diseases and insect pests as a stock, selecting a semi-lignified top branch as the stock, cutting off the branch head, removing the leaves of the new branch, and longitudinally splitting the middle of the base of the branch by 0.9cm by using a grafting knife;
s2, preparing scions: selecting a semi-lignified top branch of western rhododendron with the growth time of more than 1 year as a scion, wherein the scion is provided with 4 spores, the length of the scion is controlled to be 5cm, removing leaves below the scion, keeping top buds and 4 leaves at the top of the scion, flattening two sides of the bottom of the scion by using a grafting knife to form a wedge shape, and flattening the cut surface, wherein the cut surface length is 1 cm;
s3, pretreatment in the early stage: selecting the plant growth regulator obtained in the preparation example 3, immersing the cut surface of the scion into the plant growth regulator for 10s, and meanwhile, coating the plant growth regulator on the cut surface of the stock;
s4, grafting by grafting: the method comprises the following steps of prying a stock splitting opening during grafting, inserting the bottom of a scion into the splitting opening of a stock to enable the scion to be attached to a forming layer of the stock, enabling the side surface of the scion to face outwards, enabling the outer surface of the scion to be located on the inner side of the outer surface of the stock, enabling the cutting surface of the scion to be exposed out of the top of the stock by 0.8cm, then tightly wrapping the grafting position with a self-adhesive grafting film, sleeving a transparent plastic bag and the scion below the grafting position of the stock, and tightly tying the opening of the;
s5, post management: spraying water mist into the transparent plastic bag, maintaining the curing conditions of 30 ℃, 80% of water and 60% of illumination, irrigating roots of the stock by using a ferrous sulfate solution for 1 time/month, keeping the acidity of soil to be 6, removing the transparent plastic bag after grafting for 15 days, and removing the self-adhesive grafting film after grafting for 30 days.
Example 4
A cultivation process of garden flower seedlings specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, stock preparation: selecting a new branch of rhododendron pulchrum with the growth time of more than 2 years, the bark thickness of 2.1mm and no diseases and insect pests as a stock, selecting a semi-lignified top branch as the stock, cutting off the branch head, removing the leaves of the new branch, and longitudinally splitting the middle of the base of the branch by 1.1cm by using a grafting knife;
s2, preparing scions: selecting a semi-lignified top branch of western rhododendron with the growth time of more than 1 year as a scion, wherein the scion is provided with 4 spores, the length of the scion is controlled to be 4cm, removing leaves below the scion, keeping 3 leaves at the top and the top of the scion, flattening two sides of the bottom of the scion by using a grafting knife to form a wedge shape, and the cutting surface is flat and has the length of 1.3 cm;
s3, pretreatment in the early stage: selecting the plant growth regulator obtained in the preparation example 1, immersing the cut surface of the scion into the plant growth regulator for 20s, and meanwhile, coating the plant growth regulator on the cut surface of the stock;
s4, grafting by grafting: the method comprises the following steps of prying a stock splitting opening during grafting, inserting the bottom of a scion into the splitting opening of a stock to enable the scion to be attached to a forming layer of the stock, enabling the side surface of the scion to face outwards, enabling the outer surface of the scion to be located on the inner side of the outer surface of the stock, enabling the cutting surface of the scion to be exposed out of the top of the stock by 0.7cm, then tightly wrapping the grafting position with a self-adhesive grafting film, sleeving a transparent plastic bag and the scion below the grafting position of the stock, and tightly tying the opening of the;
s5, post management: spraying water mist into the transparent plastic bag, maintaining the curing conditions of 25 ℃, 75% of water and 60% of illumination, irrigating roots of the stock by using a ferrous sulfate solution for 1 time/month, keeping the acidity of soil to be 4.5, removing the transparent plastic bag after 12d of grafting, and removing the self-adhesive grafting film after 30d of grafting.
Example 5
A cultivation process of garden flower seedlings specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, stock preparation: selecting a new branch of rhododendron pulchrum with the growth time of more than 2 years, the bark thickness of 1.5mm and no diseases and insect pests as a stock, selecting a semi-lignified top branch as the stock, cutting off the branch head, removing the leaves of the new branch, and longitudinally splitting the middle of the base of the branch by 0.8cm by using a grafting knife;
s2, preparing scions: selecting a semi-lignified top branch of western rhododendron with the growth time of more than 1 year as a scion, opening 3 spores on the scion, controlling the length of the scion to be 5cm, removing leaves below the scion, keeping the top bud and the top 3 leaves of the scion, flattening two sides of the bottom of the scion by using a grafting knife to form a wedge shape, and flattening the cut surface, wherein the cut surface length is 1 cm;
s3, pretreatment in the early stage: selecting the plant growth regulator obtained in the preparation example 3, immersing the cut surface of the scion into the plant growth regulator for 10s, and meanwhile, coating the plant growth regulator on the cut surface of the stock;
s4, grafting by grafting: the method comprises the following steps of prying a stock splitting opening during grafting, inserting the bottom of a scion into the splitting opening of a stock to enable the scion to be attached to a forming layer of the stock, enabling the side surface of the scion to face outwards, enabling the outer surface of the scion to be located on the inner side of the outer surface of the stock, enabling the cutting surface of the scion to be exposed out of the top of the stock by 0.4cm, then tightly wrapping the grafting position with a self-adhesive grafting film, sleeving a transparent plastic bag and the scion below the grafting position of the stock, and tightly tying the opening of the;
s5, post management: spraying water mist into the transparent plastic bag, maintaining the curing conditions of 15 ℃, 70% of water and 70% of illumination, irrigating roots of the stock for 2 times/month by using a ferrous sulfate solution, keeping the acidity of soil to be 6, removing the transparent plastic bag after 10 days of grafting, and removing the self-adhesive grafting film after 25 days of grafting.
Example 6
The difference between the cultivation process of garden flower seedlings and the embodiment 5 is that the mass ratio of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to methyl naphthylacetate in the plant growth regulator is 1: 3.
Example 7
The difference between the cultivation process of garden flower seedlings and the embodiment 5 is that the mass ratio of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to methyl naphthylacetate in the plant growth regulator is 4: 3.
Example 8
The difference between the cultivation process of garden flower seedlings and the embodiment 5 is that the mass ratio of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to methyl naphthylacetate in the plant growth regulator is 3: 5.
Example 9
The difference between the cultivation process of garden flower seedlings and the embodiment 5 is that the mass ratio of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to methyl naphthylacetate in the plant growth regulator is 2: 1.
example 10
The difference between the cultivation process of garden flower seedlings and the embodiment 5 is that the mass ratio of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to methyl naphthylacetate in the plant growth regulator is 3: 2.
Example 11
The difference between the cultivation process of garden flower seedlings and the cultivation process of the garden flower seedlings in the embodiment 5 is that ethephon is not added into a plant growth regulator.
Example 12
A garden flower seedling cultivation process, which is different from the embodiment 5 in that no ferrous sulfate solution is added into the soil in the step S5.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A garden flower seedling cultivation process is different from the garden flower seedling cultivation process in the embodiment 5 that the cut surfaces of scions are immersed in clean water for 20s, and meanwhile, the cut surfaces of rootstocks are coated with the clean water.
Comparative example 2
A garden flower seedling cultivation process is different from the process of the embodiment 5 in that 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is not added into a plant growth regulator.
Comparative example 3
A garden flower seedling cultivation process is different from the garden flower seedling cultivation process in the embodiment 5 that methyl naphthylacetate is not added into a plant growth regulator.
Comparative example 4
A garden flower seedling cultivation process is different from the process in example 5 in that 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and methyl naphthylacetate are not added into a plant growth regulator.
Comparative example 5
The difference between the cultivation process of garden flower seedlings and the cultivation process of the garden flower seedlings in the embodiment 5 is that chitosan oligosaccharide is not added in the plant growth regulator.
Comparative example 6
The difference between the cultivation process of garden flower seedlings and the cultivation process of the garden flower seedlings in the embodiment 5 is that benzylaminopurine is not added into a plant growth regulator.
Example 7
The difference between the cultivation process of garden flower seedlings and the cultivation process of the garden flower seedlings in the embodiment 5 is that the cut surfaces of the scions are not exposed out of the tops of the rootstocks.
Test method
1. The callus appearance time and callus proportion test method comprises the following steps: random sampling is carried out every day after rhododendron is grafted, microscopic observation and photographing are carried out by adopting a Motic BA 410 EF-UPR fluorescence microscope (Xiamen Miaodi industry group, Ltd.), the occurrence time of callus is observed, meanwhile, the callus areas and the grafting opening area areas in a plurality of examples and a plurality of comparative examples are respectively measured through Image processing software Image Advance3.2, and the ratio of the two areas is the callus proportion.
2. The test method of the survival rate of the grafted seedlings comprises the following steps: and respectively preparing 50 grafted seedlings for each group of examples or comparative examples, processing, visually observing the number of the survived grafted seedlings, and calculating the ratio of the number of the survived grafted seedlings to the total test number, namely the survival rate of the grafted seedlings.
TABLE 2 test results of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from the test data results of Table 2 and example 5 and comparative example 1, after the scion and the rootstock are treated by the plant growth regulator, the callus appearance time at the grafting position is 3 days, the callus proportion reaches 50.2% in 25 days, and the survival rate of the grafted seedling is 96%; compared with plants treated by clear water, the emergence time of the callus is advanced by 4 days, the callus proportion is improved by 15.3% in 25 days, and the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is improved by 14%. The cambium of the grafting part of the plant is induced by the plant growth regulator to rapidly generate the callus, the number of the callus is increased in a short time, and meanwhile, nutrient substances required by wound healing of the plant are provided, so that the grafting part of the plant is promoted to be tightly formed, and the survival rate of the grafted seedling is improved.
As can be seen from the test data results of example 5 and comparative example 2 in Table 2, when 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is added to the plant growth regulator, the callus appearance time of the plant treated by the plant growth regulator is advanced, and the callus proportion and the survival rate of the grafted seedling are remarkably improved.
As can be seen from the test data results of example 5 and comparative example 3 in Table 2, when methyl naphthylacetate was added to the plant growth regulator, the callus growth time of the plants treated with the plant growth regulator was advanced, and the callus ratio and the survival rate of the grafted seedlings were significantly improved.
As can be seen from the results of the test data of examples 5, 6 to 10 and comparative examples 2 to 4 in Table 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and methyl naphthylacetate were used in a mass ratio of (2 to 3): the obtained plant growth regulator has better callus induction effect, and the 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and the methyl naphthylacetate can promote the repair of wounds and induce the formation and proliferation of the callus, thereby improving the survival rate of the grafted seedlings.
As can be seen from the test data results of examples 5 and 11 in Table 2, when ethephon is added into the plant growth regulator, the callus ratio of the plant and the survival rate of the grafted seedling are improved, ethephon can release ethylene by itself, and simultaneously induces the plant to generate ethylene, activates the activity of the plant, enhances the anabolic activity, and promotes the formation and proliferation of callus, thereby improving the survival rate of the grafted seedling.
As can be seen from the test data results of example 5 and comparative example 5 in Table 2, when chitosan oligosaccharide was added to the plant growth regulator, the callus appearance time of the plant was advanced, and the callus ratio and the survival rate of the grafted seedling were improved. The chitosan oligosaccharide is used as an exciton and can induce the lignification of the injured part of the plant, thereby forming a physical barrier for hindering or delaying the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and improving the disease resistance of the plant; meanwhile, the chitosan oligosaccharide can be chelated with trace elements in urea, glucose, vitamin A, vitamin B or sodium phosphate, so that the nutrient components in the plant growth regulator are fully absorbed, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and a large amount of nucleic acid and protein substances are generated by cell differentiation to provide nutrients, thereby improving the survival rate of the grafted seedlings.
As can be seen from the test data results of example 5 and comparative example 6 in Table 2, when benzylaminopurine was added to the plant growth regulator, the callus appearance time of the plant was advanced, and the callus ratio and the survival rate of the grafted seedling were improved. The benzylaminopurine can promote non-differentiated tissues at the grafting part to enter a differentiation stage, induce the formation of callus, and simultaneously promote each other with the plant hormone, thereby improving the inducing effect of the plant hormone on the formation of the callus.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The cultivation process of the garden flower seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, stock preparation: selecting a new juan with the growth time of more than 2 years, the bark thickness of 1.5-2.5 mm and no plant diseases and insect pests as a stock, cutting off the branch head, removing the leaves of the new branch, and longitudinally splitting the middle of the base of the branch by using a grafting knife for 0.8-1.1 cm;
s2, preparing scions: selecting a western azalea top branch which has a growth time of more than 1 year and has no disease or insect pest as a scion, wherein the scion is provided with 3-4 spores, the length of the scion is controlled to be 4-6 cm, removing leaves below the scion, keeping 3-4 leaves at the top and the top of the scion, flattening two sides of the bottom of the scion by using a grafting knife to form a wedge shape, and flattening the cut surface, wherein the cut surface length is 1-1.3 cm;
s3, pretreatment in the early stage: immersing the cut surface of the scion into a plant growth regulator for 10-30 s, and meanwhile, coating the plant growth regulator on the split surface of the stock;
s4, grafting by grafting: prying a wood splitting opening of a stock, inserting the bottom of a scion into the splitting opening of the stock to enable the scion to be attached to a forming layer of the stock, enabling the side surface of the scion to face outwards, enabling the outer surface of the scion to be located on the inner side of the outer surface of the stock, then tightly wrapping the grafting position with a self-adhesive grafting film, sleeving a transparent plastic bag and the scion below the grafting position of the stock, and tightly binding the bag opening of the transparent plastic bag;
s5, post management: spraying water mist into the transparent plastic bag, maintaining the curing conditions of 15-30 ℃ of temperature, 70-80% of water and 60-70% of light, removing the transparent plastic bag after 10-15 d of grafting, and removing the self-adhesive grafting film after 25-35 d of grafting;
the plant growth regulator is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
plant hormones: 1.2-1.6 parts;
benzylaminopurine: 0.5-0.9 part;
urea: 0.07-0.09 part;
glucose: 0.05-0.07 part;
sodium phosphate: 0.05-0.08 part;
vitamin A: 0.001-0.004 portion;
vitamin B: 0.002-0.006 part;
the plant hormone is prepared by mixing 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and methyl naphthylacetate.
2. The cultivation process of garden flower seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the plant growth regulator further comprises ethephon in an amount of 0.004-0.007 parts by weight.
3. The cultivation process of garden flower seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the plant growth regulator further comprises 0.03-0.08 parts by weight of chitosan oligosaccharide.
4. The cultivation process of garden flower seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the plant hormone is formed by mixing 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and methyl naphthylacetate in a mass ratio of (2-3) to (1-3).
5. The cultivation process of landscape plantlets according to claim 1, wherein the rhododendron majus in step S1 is selected from one of oroxylum indicum, oroxylum indicum and oroxylum indicum, and the stock is the new hair juanxin of the next year after the cutting survival.
6. The cultivation process of garden seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the rootstocks and the scions are semi-lignified new branches of rhododendron simsii.
7. The cultivation process of garden seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the cut surfaces of the scions are exposed to the top of the rootstock by 0.4cm to 0.8cm in step S4.
8. The cultivation process of garden seedlings according to claim 1, wherein root irrigation is performed on the rootstocks 1-2 times/month by using the ferrous sulfate solution in step S5, and soil acidity is kept between 4.5 and 6.
9. The cultivation process of garden seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the plant growth regulator is as follows: the plant growth regulating hormone with the concentration of 50mg/L-200mg/L is prepared by uniformly mixing plant hormone, benayl aminopurine, ethephon, urea, glucose, chitosan oligosaccharide, sodium phosphate, vitamin A and vitamin B according to the proportion, and dissolving and diluting the mixture by water.
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