CN107810719B

CN107810719B - Collection method for obtaining large amount of ice leaf day flower seeds

Info

Publication number: CN107810719B
Application number: CN201711023248.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 乔鹏; 顾寅钰; 郭洪恩; 王向誉; 田伟; 邹广众
Original assignee: Shandong Sericultural Research Institute
Current assignee: Shandong Sericultural Research Institute
Priority date: 2017-10-27
Filing date: 2017-10-27
Publication date: 2020-10-23
Anticipated expiration: 2037-10-27
Also published as: CN107810719A

Abstract

The invention relates to a collection method for obtaining a large amount of ice-leaf sunflower seeds, which can obtain a large amount of ice-leaf sunflower seeds by simple operations of removing sediment, crushing capsules, filtering large-particle capsule peels and removing small-particle capsule peels and sundry scraps, is simple to operate, consumes short time, and only needs about 15min to complete one operation process. The seeds harvested by the method have less waste and high recovery rate, and compared with the method of manually rubbing, the method can improve the recovery rate of the seeds by 20-30 percent, has small damage to the seeds and greatly improves the germination rate of the seeds.

Description

Collection method for obtaining large amount of ice leaf day flower seeds

Technical Field

The invention relates to a collection method for obtaining a large number of ice leaf day flower seeds, belonging to the technical field of seed production.

Background

Escholtzia californica (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) is an annual fleshy herbaceous plant of the family Aicaceae, genus Helichrysum. The flowers in the ice-leaf day are originally produced in the desert regions close to the coast, drought and rainy and salinized soil, and can stimulate the photosynthesis type of the flowers in the ice-leaf day to be switched from the common C3 type to the CAM type due to severe drought and salt stress, wherein the CAM type is the common sedanic acid cycle in succulent plants, and the flowers can open air holes to absorb carbon dioxide at night with low air temperature; the pores are closed in hot days, so that the transpiration is inhibited to the maximum extent, the water loss in the body is reduced, and the absorbed salt is discharged into the bubble-shaped cells, so that the leaf surfaces, branches and even seed pods of the flowers in the ice-leaf sunflowers are full of crystal-clear small particles and are stained with the same ice crystals, and the flowers are called the ice grass (ice plant), and the bubble-shaped cells containing a large amount of liquid in the ice crystals contain the salt and the organic acid. The vegetable has salty taste, crisp and juicy mouthfeel and unique flavor, and is taken as a new special variety of functional vegetables to be planted on a large scale in recent years due to the very unique mouthfeel and higher nutritional value.

However, since the seed pod (capsule) of the sunflowers contains a certain salt, the sunflowers can easily absorb water and regain moisture under natural conditions and are not easy to dry in the air; the seeds of the ice-leaf day flowers are light and thin, the length of the seeds is not more than 1mm, the seeds are coated in capsules, in addition, in the planting process of the ice-leaf day flowers, stem leaves grow in a semi-creeping state, and a series of silt is adhered to the capsules, so that the seeds of the ice-leaf day flowers are difficult to collect, the seeds are troublesome to rub off manually, the seed waste is more, the efficiency is low, and a large amount of seeds cannot be obtained.

Therefore, in order to solve the problem of the conventional method for collecting the seeds of the flowers in the ice-leaf day, a method for collecting the seeds of the flowers in the ice-leaf day, which is rapid, simple, less in seed waste and capable of obtaining a large amount of seeds, needs to be developed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a collection method for obtaining a large amount of flower seeds in ice leaf days.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a collection method for obtaining a large amount of flower seeds in ice-leaf days comprises the following steps:

removing sediment from the capsule;

breaking capsules and releasing seeds;

removing large granular capsule peel;

removing small-particle capsule peel;

removing sundry scraps in the seeds;

and (5) drying the seeds.

According to the invention, the sediment removing step of the capsule is as follows: placing the collected capsules of the Japanese Claoxylon herb on a mesh screen with the aperture of 1.0-2.5mm, rapidly washing for 10-15s by using running water, and shaking the mesh screen during washing to remove silt on the surfaces of the capsules.

Further preferably, the flow rate of the flowing water is 0.15 to 0.5L/S.

The capsule silt removal of the invention is fast washed by running water, and the soaking or washing time is avoided to be overlong. The capsule seed coat for wrapping the seeds is cracked and the seeds in the capsule seed coat are lost due to the overlong soaking and flushing time. The optimum time for quick washing and sand removing by running water is that the running water washing does not exceed 15 s.

According to the invention, the step of breaking capsule to release seeds is preferably as follows: adding the capsule with silt removed into water, stirring at 7000-9000rad/min for 14-16s, breaking the capsule skin, and releasing the seeds.

Further preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of the capsule subjected to sediment removal to water is as follows: 5:100-150, unit: g/mL, stirring time is as follows: 15s, and the stirring speed is 8000 rad/min.

According to the invention, the optimal capsule crushing time is 15s, and a large number of experiments prove that the crushing time is less than 14s, the uncrushed capsule exists, the wrapped seeds cannot be well released, the seed waste is caused, the crushing time is longer than 16s, the capsule peel is excessively crushed, and the trouble of subsequent impurity removal is caused.

According to the invention, the step of removing the large granular capsule peel is preferably as follows: sieving the mixture after capsule crushing with 1.5-2.5mm mesh sieve, stirring during sieving to shake off the seeds adhered to the capsule surface, and taking out the sieved mixture.

Preferably, according to the invention, said step of removing the small particle capsule shell is: standing the mixed solution for 8-12s, pouring out the water mixed with the pericarp of the capsule, and reserving the seeds at the bottom.

Further preferably, the seeds at the bottom are elutriated with clean water, and the water mixed with the capsule peel is poured to further remove the small particles of capsule peel.

Due to the different density of the seeds and the capsule skin, the seeds sink to the water bottom. While some of the capsule peel flowing into the basin through a 2mm sieve will float or suspend in the water and after a short period of standing, will be removed along with the water.

According to the invention, the step of removing the impurity scraps in the seeds is preferably as follows: placing the seeds without the peel of the small-particle capsule in a mesh screen with the diameter of 1mm, placing the mesh screen in water to stir the seeds, enabling the seeds to pass through the mesh screen, removing scraps in the mesh screen, and pouring water from the seeds passing through the mesh screen to obtain the seeds without the sundry scraps.

Preferably, according to the present invention, the seed drying step is: and pouring the seeds without the miscellaneous scraps on absorbent paper, spreading and naturally airing to obtain the ice leaf diurnal flower seeds.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. according to the method, a large amount of ice-leaf sunflowers seeds can be obtained through simple operations of removing silt, crushing capsules, filtering large-particle capsule peels and removing small-particle capsule peels and miscellaneous debris, the operation is simple, the time consumption is short, and only about 15min is needed for completing one operation process.

2. The seeds harvested by the method have less waste and high recovery rate, and the recovery rate is improved by 20-30% compared with the manual scrubbing method.

3. The seeds harvested by the method have small damage and can improve the germination rate of the seeds.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but is not limited thereto:

the equipment used in the examples is existing equipment and is commercially available.

Example 1

A collection method for obtaining a large amount of ice leaf day flower seeds comprises the following steps:

1) sand removing

Placing the collected capsules of the Hemsleya amabilis Hemsl on a mesh screen with the aperture of 1mm, rapidly washing for 15S by running water of a tap water pipe, and simultaneously shaking the mesh screen in the washing process to remove silt on the surfaces of the capsules, wherein the flow rate of the running water is 0.2L/S.

2) To break and smash

Adding 50g of the sediment-removed capsule into 1200ml of water, then placing the mixture into a stirrer, stirring the mixture for 15s at a rotating speed of 8000rad/min, breaking the surface of the capsule, and releasing seeds in the capsule to obtain a mixed solution;

3) preparing a plastic basin, placing a mesh screen with the aperture of 2mm in the basin, pouring mixed liquid after crushing capsules into the mesh screen with the aperture of 2mm, semi-immersing the mesh screen in water, stirring for 1min by hand to enable the seeds adhered to the surfaces of the capsules to shake off, leaking into the basin at the bottom through the mesh screen with the aperture of 2mm, taking the mixed liquid under the screen, and pouring the capsule surfaces remained in the mesh screen.

4) Elutriating to remove liquid

Due to the different density of the seeds and the capsule skin, the seeds sink to the water bottom. And the crushed powder of the capsule peel flowing into the basin through the 2mm screen can float or suspend in water, after the mixed liquid under the screen is kept still for 10s, the water mixed with the capsule peel is poured, only the seeds at the bottom of the basin are reserved, the seeds at the bottom are washed once by clear water, and the water mixed with the capsule peel is poured to further remove the small-particle capsule peel.

5) Placing a 1mm mesh screen into a basin, placing the seeds with the small particle capsule peel removed in the step 4) into the 1mm mesh screen, semi-immersing the seeds into water, stirring the seeds by hand to enable the seeds to leak into the basin through the 1mm mesh screen, and pouring out the scraps in the mesh screen. And after the seeds in the basin settle, pouring the clear water at the upper part, and only keeping the seeds at the bottom of the basin to obtain the seeds with the impurity scraps removed.

6) Pouring the seeds obtained in the step 5) on absorbent paper, spreading out and airing, and storing for later use after drying.

Example 2

A method for collecting a large amount of flower seeds in ice-leaf days is the same as that in example 1, except that:

placing the capsules of the ice-leaf sunflowers collected in the step 1) on a mesh screen with the aperture of 1mm, rapidly washing for 16S by using running water of a tap water pipe, and simultaneously shaking the mesh screen in the washing process to remove silt on the surfaces of the capsules, wherein the flow rate of the running water is 0.15L/S.

Example 3

and 2) adding 50g of the capsule subjected to sediment removal into 1500ml of water, then placing the mixture into a stirrer, stirring the mixture for 16s at the rotating speed of 7000rad/min, breaking the surface of the capsule, and releasing seeds in the capsule to obtain a mixed solution.

Examples of the experiments

1. The method for collecting the flower seeds in the ice-leaf day in the embodiments 1-3 of the invention is used for comparing the effect with the effect of the traditional manual scrubbing, the quality of the seeds obtained by separation and the recovery rate of the seeds have great difference, and the comparison result is shown in the following table 1.

TABLE 1 quality and recovery of seeds recovered by different treatment modes

Capsule weight (gram)	Crushing mode	Seed Dry weight (gram)	Recovery (%)
				50	Hand scrubbing	5.4795	73.06
50	Hand scrubbing	5.5124	73.49
				50	Hand scrubbing	5.4523	72.69
50	Method of example 1	7.2741	96.98
				50	Method of example 2	6.9881	93.17
50	Method of example 3	6.9632	92.84

Remarking: 50g of capsule, about 7.5 g of seeds are wrapped, and based on the value, the manual washing and the machine crushing are carried out, and the seed recovery rate is calculated.

As can be directly seen from the data in the table 1, a large amount of ice leaf Japanese midrib seeds can be obtained by simple operations of removing silt, crushing capsules, filtering large-particle capsule peels and removing small-particle capsule peels and miscellaneous debris, the seed recovery rate is high, and the recovery rate is improved by 20-30% compared with that of a manual scrubbing method.

2. The method of the invention in examples 1-3 was used to collect the seeds of the ice-leaf sunflowers, and the results of the comparison with the quality of the seeds obtained by the conventional manual scrub are shown in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2 germination rates of seeds recovered by different treatment modes

As can be seen directly from the data in Table 2, the method of the present invention has the advantages of less damage to the seeds, greatly improved germination rate of the seeds, and improved recovery rate of the seeds.

Claims

1. A collection method for obtaining a large amount of flower seeds in ice-leaf days comprises the following steps:

and (3) removing sediment from the capsule: placing the collected capsules of the Japanese Claoxylon herb on a mesh screen with the aperture of 1.0-2.5mm, rapidly washing for 10-15 seconds by using running water, and shaking the mesh screen during washing to remove sediment on the surfaces of the capsules;

the step of breaking capsules and releasing seeds: adding the capsule after removing the sediment into water, stirring at 7000-9000 rpm for 14-16 seconds, breaking the capsule skin, and releasing the seeds;

removing large granular capsule peel: sieving the mixture after capsule crushing with 1.5-2.5mm mesh sieve, stirring during sieving to shake off the seeds adhered to the capsule surface, and taking out the sieved mixture;

removing small-particle capsule peel: standing the mixed solution under the sieve for 8-12 seconds, pouring off water mixed with capsule peel, and reserving seeds at the bottom;

removing sundry scraps in seeds: placing the seeds without the small-particle capsule peels in a mesh screen with the diameter of 1mm, placing the mesh screen in water, stirring the seeds, enabling the seeds to pass through the mesh screen, removing scraps in the mesh screen, and pouring water from the seeds passing through the mesh screen to obtain seeds without sundry scraps;

and (5) drying the seeds.

2. The method for collecting large amount of flower seeds in ice-leaf day according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of running water is 0.15-0.5L/S.

3. The collection method for obtaining a large number of ice-leaf diurnal flower seeds according to claim 1, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of capsules and water after sediment removal is as follows: 5:100-150, unit: g/mL, stirring time is as follows: 15s, and the stirring speed is 8000 rpm.

4. The method for collecting large amount of Japanese midrib herb seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeds at the bottom are elutriated with clean water, and the water mixed with the pericarp of the capsule is removed to further remove the small granule pericarp of the capsule.

5. The method for collecting large amount of seeds of ice-plant diurnal flowers according to claim 1, wherein the step of drying the seeds comprises: and pouring the seeds without the miscellaneous scraps on absorbent paper, spreading and naturally airing to obtain the ice leaf diurnal flower seeds.