CN115245118A - Method for planting green food cauliflower - Google Patents
Method for planting green food cauliflower Download PDFInfo
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- CN115245118A CN115245118A CN202110452963.5A CN202110452963A CN115245118A CN 115245118 A CN115245118 A CN 115245118A CN 202110452963 A CN202110452963 A CN 202110452963A CN 115245118 A CN115245118 A CN 115245118A
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- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RGCLLPNLLBQHPF-HJWRWDBZSA-N phosphamidon Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C(\Cl)=C(/C)OP(=O)(OC)OC RGCLLPNLLBQHPF-HJWRWDBZSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000024121 nodulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000000279 Emilia sonchifolia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002139 Emilia sonchifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000021749 root development Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000021217 seedling development Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 2
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- 235000011303 Brassica alboglabra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cauliflower planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting a green food cauliflower, which comprises the following steps: seedling raising, which comprises the following steps: seed disinfection: exposing the coated seeds to sunlight for 30-40 minutes; preparing a matrix, fully stirring, uniformly stacking, and sterilizing for 3-4 days; loading the substrate into a tray: placing the matrix into a nutrition tray, pressing out planting holes by a pressing plate, wherein the water content of the matrix is 45-50% when the nutrition tray is placed; sowing, namely, sowing one seed in each hole, covering the hole with a substrate, and stacking the nutrition discs with the sowed seeds for accelerating germination; the invention provides excellent growth environment and nutrition requirements for seedling development, improves the survival rate, self-prepares the nutrient solution of the seedling pool, provides the nutrient components required by seedling, effectively improves the survival rate of the cauliflower seedling plant, leads the survival rate of the early cauliflower seedling plant to be high, the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests to be low, leads the harvested finished cauliflower to be high in yield, good in quality and high in nutritive value through the planting and field management of a cauliflower scientific system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cauliflower planting, in particular to a method for planting a green food cauliflower.
Background
Cauliflower, also known as cauliflower, gelidium amansii and flower of Brassicaceae, belongs to 1-2 year old plant, and is a variety of Brassica oleracea. The cold and heat resistance of the cauliflower is weaker than that of the cabbage, and the cauliflower is cool and mild in nature, avoids inflammation and heat, is poor in high-temperature and high-humidity growth, is easy to defoliate, and is easy to feel and high in blackening and rot. The seedling stage can resist 0-28 ℃, the growth of the lotus throne stage is proper at 8-24 ℃, the temperature of the flower ball stage is proper at 8-20 ℃, the temperature is optimal at 13-18 ℃, the growth is slowed down below 8 ℃, the flower ball is easy to freeze below 0 ℃, the flower ball is easy to loosen above 22 ℃, and the plant which is not in the nodulation stage can resist the low temperature of about 0 ℃.
In the prior art, the planting method of cauliflowers is single and traditional. The scientific and systematic planting and field management are not carried out, so that the cauliflower has small and loose curd, poor quality and low yield, the increasing demands of the market and consumers cannot be met, the high-yield and multi-nutrient cauliflower planting technology is improved, and the method for planting the green food cauliflower is provided for the research direction of vegetable producers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting a green food cauliflower, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the method for planting the green food cauliflower comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling raising, which comprises the following steps:
s11, seed disinfection: exposing the coated seeds to sunlight for 30-40 min;
s12, preparing a matrix, fully stirring, uniformly stacking, and sealing for 3-4 days for sterilization;
s13, loading the substrate into a tray: placing the matrix into a nutrition tray, pressing out planting holes by a pressing plate, wherein the water content of the matrix is 45-50% when the nutrition tray is placed;
s14, sowing, namely covering one seed in each hole by using a substrate, and stacking the nutrition discs with the sowed seeds for accelerating germination;
s15, preparing nutrient solution in a seedling pond: the specification of the nursery pond is 36m multiplied by 1.7m multiplied by 0.15m, the depth of water in the nursery pond is 10cm, 200-210ml of root gathering land and 200-210g of dixon are placed in each pond and are fully and uniformly stirred;
s16, swinging a plate: horizontally swinging the germinated seedling trays in a nutrition pool with 280 trays in each pool;
s2, seedling management, including seedling stage management, greenhouse management and seedling hardening;
s3, transplanting and planting, comprising the following steps:
s31, soil preparation and soil moisture management;
s32, timely transplanting: timely transplanting 4 leaves and 1 heart, wherein the seedling age is 22-24 days in summer and autumn and 42-45 days in winter and spring;
s33, planting, namely, each line and each plant are drawn to position a single plant for planting, and performing standard chemical combination close planting to ensure that the obtained soil, space and other conditions of each individual are consistent; the early maturing seeds are grown in the manner that each furrow is 3 lines and the planting distance is 38cm; the medium-maturing seeds and the late-maturing seeds are arranged according to 3 rows per soil moisture and 42-45cm of planting distance;
s4, fertilizing, deeply fertilizing, fertilizing once, fertilizing twice, respectively fertilizing for 1 time in a small-clump period and a rosette initial stage, watering for watering with small planting density, digging a pond in a large empty place with large plant density, performing hole application with 1/2 of application amount, and spraying 1 time by selecting a mixed solution of 2000 times of Tianjie brand ammonium molybdate liquid and 1000 times of Aibo brand sodium borate liquid after transplanting for about 10 days;
s5, managing, namely managing water, comprehensively preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, intertilling, weeding, hilling and covering by folding leaves;
s6, harvesting, namely harvesting in batches when the flower balls grow fully, the diameter of the flower balls is 15-18 cm, the surface of the flower balls is round, the edges of the flower balls are compact, and the flower balls are pressed tightly by hands.
Preferably, the matrix consists of the following components in parts by volume: grass carbon: perlite: vermiculite =19-21:4-5:3-4, adding 5-6 parts of 70% chlorothalonil, 4-5 parts of 64% aurantidomide and 4-5 parts of clubroot in 2000 parts of matrix by weight, and spraying with water.
Preferably, the seedling management is to perform gap searching and seedling filling on 1 leaf and 1 heart after tray placing and seedling emergence; spraying 1500 times of 75% Dacroning suspension and 1500 times of Emilia emulsifiable concentrate for preventing diseases and pests; fertilizing 7 days after seedling filling, and applying 0.6-0.7kg of special compound fertilizer per 100 nutrient discs; applying molybdenum and boron fertilizers: spraying a mixed solution of 2000 times of Tianjie brand ammonium molybdate and 1000 times of anbo brand sodium borate for 1 time about 7 days before transplanting.
Preferably, the greenhouse management includes paying attention to ventilation, cooling and dehumidification in summer and autumn, and paying attention to heat preservation and dehumidification in winter and spring; after sowing in summer and autumn, sun shading is carried out by a sun shading net with the shading degree of 80-85%, and then the seeds are removed after seedling supplement; in winter and spring, paying attention to the night, insulating heat by using heat insulation cotton; the daytime temperature is kept below 25 ℃ and the humidity is kept below 60% in any season.
Preferably, the hardening off is realized by uncovering a shed for ventilation in the morning and evening 7 days before transplanting and draining and hardening off in a nutrition pool.
Preferably, the soil preparation and the furrow management comprise edge furrows, middle furrows and furrow gaps, wherein the width of each edge furrow and each furrow gap is 40-50cm, the furrow gaps with the width of 40cm are formed by pulling wires with the depth of 1.5m containing the furrows, the furrow gaps between the furrow gaps are deeper than 10cm for facilitating drainage, the furrow gaps are deeper than 25-30cm for facilitating soil water retention in winter and spring, the high-temperature rain furrows are deeper than 35-40cm for facilitating water temperature regulation and drainage of waterlogging in summer and autumn, and the furrow gaps are deeper for facilitating water temperature regulation and drainage.
Preferably, the moisture management comprises:
root fixing water: immediately watering enough root fixing water after planting;
squatting seedling water: controlling water to squat the seedlings to promote the root systems to prick;
lotus base nodulizing water: watering should be carried out in due time in the rosette stage and the nodulation stage to ensure the normal demand of the plant growth on water, and draining water, draining stagnant water and removing accumulated water in time after raining in summer and autumn so as to prevent retting and dead seedlings and outbreak of bacteria and fungal diseases.
Preferably, the intertillage weeding comprises the steps of intertillage loosening 2-3 times and the depth of 3-4 cm from the beginning of the lotus throne after the survival of the permanent planting to the beginning of the lotus throne, preventing soil hardening, improving the air permeability of the soil, promoting the development of a root system, weeding in the field in time by combining the intertillage weeding, and forbidding the use of a herbicide in the whole growth period.
Preferably, the earthing-up time is one earthing-up time in the small-mass and early-stage of the plants.
Preferably, the comprehensive control of the pests comprises strengthening cultivation management, killing aphids by yellow-plate trap, and protecting natural enemies
And spraying the medicinal liquid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the self-made matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: grass carbon: perlite: the vermiculite is added with chlorothalonil, aurantidomil and clubroot in the matrix and sprayed with water, so that excellent growth environment and nutritional requirements are provided for seedling development, and the survival rate is improved;
the planting method is simple and easy to implement, is convenient to implement, and has the advantages that by the scientific and systematic planting and field management of the cauliflowers, the survival rate of early cauliflower seedlings is high, the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is low, the yield of the harvested finished cauliflowers is high, the quality is good, the nutritional value is high, the economic benefit is increased, and the method is suitable for popularization and application.
The invention self-prepares the nutrient solution of the seedling raising pool, provides nutrient components required by seedling raising, effectively improves the survival rate of the cauliflower seedling plants, simultaneously reasonably plans and arranges the spacing of the seedling plants, ensures that the growth of the seedling plants is not influenced mutually, indirectly promotes the seedling plants to absorb nutrients more uniformly, and provides an excellent growth environment for the development of the cauliflower root system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example one
The method for planting the green food cauliflower comprises the following steps:
s1, seedling raising, which comprises the following steps:
s11, seed disinfection: exposing the coated seeds to sunlight for 30 minutes;
s12, preparing a matrix, fully stirring, uniformly stacking, covering for 3 days, and sterilizing;
s13, loading the substrate into a tray: placing the matrix into a nutrition plate, pressing out planting holes by using a pressing plate, wherein the water content of the matrix is 45% when the nutrition plate is placed;
s14, sowing, namely covering one seed in each hole by using a matrix, and stacking the nutrition discs on which the seeds are sown for accelerating germination;
s15, preparing nutrient solution in a seedling pond: the specification of the nursery pond is 36m multiplied by 1.7m multiplied by 0.15m, the depth of water in the nursery pond is 10cm, 200ml of root gathering land and 200g of dixon are placed in each pond and are fully and uniformly stirred;
s16, swinging a plate: horizontally swinging the germinated seedling trays in a nutrition pool with 280 trays in each pool;
s2, seedling management, including seedling stage management, greenhouse management and seedling hardening;
s3, transplanting and planting, comprising the following steps:
s31, soil preparation and soil moisture management;
s32, timely transplanting: timely transplanting 4 leaves and 1 heart, wherein the seedling age is 22 days in summer and autumn and 42 days in winter and spring;
s33, planting, namely, each line and each plant are drawn to position a single plant for planting, and performing standard chemical combination close planting to ensure that the obtained soil, space and other conditions of each individual are consistent; the early maturing seeds are arranged in 3 rows per soil moisture and 38cm per planting distance; the medium-maturing seeds and the late-maturing seeds are arranged in 3 rows per soil moisture and 42cm in plant spacing;
s4, fertilizing, deeply fertilizing, fertilizing once, fertilizing twice, respectively fertilizing for 1 time in a small-cluster period and a rosette initial period, watering with low planting density, performing hole application in a large empty position by making a pond with high plant density, spraying 1/2 of the application amount, and selecting mixed liquid of 2000 times of Tianjie brand ammonium molybdate liquid and 1000 times of Aibo brand sodium borate salt to spray for 1 time about 10 days after transplanting;
s5, managing, including water managing, pest and disease damage comprehensive preventing and treating, intertillage weeding, hilling and hinge covering;
s6, harvesting, namely harvesting in batches when the ball flowers grow up fully, the diameter of the ball flowers grows to 15cm, the surface is round, the edge is compact, and the hand pressing feeling is tight.
In this embodiment, the matrix is composed of the following components in parts by volume: grass carbon: perlite: vermiculite =19:4:3, adding 5 parts of 70% chlorothalonil, 4 parts of 64% aureodor and 4 parts of clubroot in 2000 parts of matrix by weight, and spraying with water.
The seedling management is to check and supplement the seedlings by 1 leaf and 1 heart after the seedlings are put on a tray; spraying 1500 times of 75% Dakening suspension and 1500 times of Emilian emulsifiable concentrate for preventing diseases and pests; fertilizing 7 days after the seedlings are replanted, and applying 0.6kg of special compound fertilizer per 100 nutrient plates; and (3) applying molybdenum and boron fertilizers: spraying a mixed solution of 2000 times of Tianjie brand ammonium molybdate and 1000 times of anbo brand sodium borate for 1 time about 7 days before transplanting.
The greenhouse management includes paying attention to ventilation, cooling and dehumidification in summer and autumn, and paying attention to heat preservation and dehumidification in winter and spring; after sowing in summer and autumn, shading the sun by a shading net with shading degree of 80%, and removing the seeds after seedling supplementing; in winter and spring, paying attention to night, and preserving heat by using heat preservation cotton; the daytime temperature is kept below 25 ℃ and the humidity is kept below 60% in any season.
And the hardening of the seedlings is realized by uncovering a shed for ventilation in the morning and evening 7 days before transplanting and draining and hardening the seedlings in a nutrition pool.
The soil moisture management method comprises the steps of reserving side ditches, middle ditches and intertillage ditches, wherein the width of each side ditch and each middle ditch is 40cm, the width of each intertillage ditch is 1.5m, the width of each intertillage ditch is 40cm, the depth of each side ditch and each middle ditch is more than 10cm deeper than the depth of each intertillage ditch so as to facilitate drainage, the depth of each ditch is 25cm in winter and spring and is slightly shallow so as to facilitate soil water retention, and the depth of each ditch is 35-40cm in high-temperature and rainy seasons in summer and autumn and is slightly deeper so as to facilitate temperature regulation and drainage of waterlogging by water.
The moisture management includes:
root fixing water: immediately watering enough root fixing water after planting;
squatting water: controlling water to squat the seedlings and promoting the root systems to prick downwards;
water for nodulizing lotus throats: watering should be carried out in due time in the rosette stage and the nodulation stage to ensure the normal demand of the plant growth on water, and draining water, draining stagnant water and removing accumulated water in time after raining in summer and autumn so as to prevent retting root and death seedlings and outbreak of bacteria and fungal diseases.
Intertillage weeding comprises the steps of intertillage and scarification for 2 times with the depth of 3cm from the beginning of the lotus throne after planting survival, preventing soil hardening, improving soil ventilation, promoting root development, weeding in the field in time by combining weeding and weeding, and forbidding to use herbicide in the whole growth cycle.
The earthing-up time is one earthing-up time in the small-cluster and early-stage of the plants.
The comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests comprises strengthening cultivation management, killing aphids by yellow boards, protecting natural enemies and spraying liquid medicine.
Example two
The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is only that:
seed disinfection: exposing the coated seeds to sunlight for 35 minutes;
preparing a matrix, fully stirring, uniformly stacking, and sealing for 3.5 days for sterilization;
loading the substrate into a tray: putting the matrix into a nutrition plate, pressing out planting holes by using a pressing plate, wherein the water content of the matrix is 47.5% when the nutrition plate is put;
preparing nutrient solution in a seedling pond: the specification of the nursery pond is 36m multiplied by 1.7m multiplied by 0.15m, the depth of water in the nursery pond is 10cm, 205ml of root gathering land and 205g of dixon are placed in each pond and are fully and uniformly stirred;
timely transplanting: transplanting 4 leaves and 1 heart in time, wherein the seedling age is 223 days in summer and autumn, and 43.5 days in winter and spring;
planting, namely, positioning single plants for each row and each plant by pulling a wire, and carrying out standard chemical close planting to ensure that the conditions of soil, space and the like obtained by each individual are consistent; the early maturing seeds are arranged in 3 rows per soil moisture and 38cm per planting distance; the medium-maturing seeds and the late-maturing seeds are arranged in 3 rows per soil moisture and 43.5cm per planting distance;
harvesting, when the flower balls grow fully, the diameter of the flower balls is 16.5cm, the surface of the flower balls is round, the edges of the flower balls are compact, and the flower balls can be harvested in batches when the flower balls are pressed tightly by hands.
In this embodiment, the matrix is composed of the following components in parts by volume: grass carbon: perlite: vermiculite =20:4.5:3.5, adding 5.5 parts of 70 percent chlorothalonil, 4.5 parts of 64 percent aurantidomide and 4.5 parts of clubroot into 2000 parts of matrix by weight, and adding water for spraying.
The seedling management is to check and supplement the seedlings by 1 leaf and 1 heart after the seedlings are put on a tray; spraying 1500 times of 75% Dakening suspension and 1500 times of Emilian emulsifiable concentrate for preventing diseases and pests; fertilizing 7 days after the seedling is replenished, and applying 0.65kg of special compound fertilizer per 100 nutrient dishes; applying molybdenum and boron fertilizers: spraying a mixed solution of 2000 times of Tianjie brand ammonium molybdate and 1000 times of anbo brand sodium borate for 1 time about 7 days before transplanting.
The greenhouse management includes paying attention to ventilation, cooling and dehumidification in summer and autumn, and paying attention to heat preservation and dehumidification in winter and spring; after sowing in summer and autumn, sun shading is carried out by a sun shading net with the shading degree of 82.5 percent, and then the seeds are removed after seedling supplement; in winter and spring, paying attention to the night, insulating heat by using heat insulation cotton; the temperature is kept below 25 ℃ and the humidity is kept below 60% in the daytime in any season.
The soil moisture management method comprises the steps of reserving side ditches, middle ditches and intertillage ditches, wherein the width of each side ditch and each middle ditch is 45cm, the width of each furrow containing the ditches is 1.5m, the width of each intertillage ditch is 40cm, the depth of each side ditch and each middle ditch is more than 10cm deeper than the depth of each intertillage ditch so as to facilitate drainage, the depth of each ditch is 27.5cm in winter and spring and is slightly shallow so as to facilitate soil water retention, and the depth of each ditch is 35-40cm in high-temperature and rainy seasons in summer and autumn and is slightly deeper so as to facilitate water temperature regulation and drainage of waterlogging.
EXAMPLE III
The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is:
seed disinfection: exposing the coated seeds to sunlight for 40 minutes;
preparing a matrix, fully stirring, uniformly stacking, covering for 4 days, and sterilizing;
loading the substrate into a tray: putting the matrix into a nutrition tray, pressing out planting holes by using a pressing plate, wherein the water content of the matrix is 50% during tray filling;
preparing nutrient solution in a seedling raising pond: the specification of the nursery pond is 36m multiplied by 1.7m multiplied by 0.15m, the depth of water in the nursery pond is 10cm, 210ml of root gathering land and 210g of dixon are placed in each pond and are fully and uniformly stirred;
timely transplanting: timely transplanting 4 leaves and 1 heart, wherein the seedling age is 24 days in summer and autumn and 45 days in winter and spring;
planting, namely, positioning single plants for each row and each plant by pulling a wire, and carrying out standard chemical close planting to ensure that the conditions of soil, space and the like obtained by each individual are consistent; the early maturing seeds are grown in the manner that each furrow is 3 lines and the planting distance is 38cm; the medium-maturing seeds and the late-maturing seeds are arranged according to 3 rows per soil moisture and 45cm plant spacing;
harvesting, wherein when the ball flower grows sufficiently, the diameter of the ball flower grows to 18cm, the surface is round, the edge is compact, and the ball flower can be harvested in batches when the ball flower is pressed tightly by hand.
In this embodiment, the matrix is composed of the following components in parts by volume: grass carbon: perlite: vermiculite =21:5:4, adding 6 parts of 70% chlorothalonil, 5 parts of 64% aureodomide and 5 parts of clubroot in 2000 parts of matrix by weight, and spraying with water.
The seedling management is to check and supplement the seedlings by 1 leaf and 1 heart after the seedlings are put on a tray; spraying 1500 times of 75% Dacroning suspension and 1500 times of Emilia emulsifiable concentrate for preventing diseases and pests; fertilizing 7 days after the seedling is replenished, and applying 0.7kg of special compound fertilizer per 100 nutrient dishes; applying molybdenum and boron fertilizers: about 7 days before transplanting, mixed liquid of Tianjie brand ammonium molybdate 2000 times liquid and Aibo brand sodium borate 1000 times liquid is sprayed for 1 time.
The greenhouse management includes that ventilation, cooling and dehumidification are paid attention to in summer and autumn, and heat preservation and dehumidification are paid attention to in winter and spring; after sowing in summer and autumn, shading the seeds by a shading net with shading degree of 85 percent, and removing the seeds after seedling supplement; in winter and spring, paying attention to the night, insulating heat by using heat insulation cotton; the daytime temperature is kept below 25 ℃ and the humidity is kept below 60% in any season.
The soil moisture management comprises the steps of reserving side ditches, middle ditches and intertillage ditches, wherein the width of each side ditch and each middle ditch is 50cm, the width of each furrow containing the ditches is 1.5m, the width of each intertillage ditch is 40cm, the depth of each side ditch and each middle ditch is more than 10cm deeper than each intertillage ditch so as to facilitate drainage, the depth of each ditch is 30cm in winter and spring and is slightly shallow so as to facilitate soil water retention, the depth of each ditch is 40cm in high-temperature and rainy seasons in summer and autumn, and the depth of each ditch is slightly deeper so as to facilitate temperature regulation and drainage of waterlogging by water.
Intertillage weeding comprises the steps of intertillage and scarification for 3 times with the depth of 4cm from the beginning of the lotus throne after planting survival, preventing soil hardening, improving soil ventilation, promoting root development, weeding in the field in time by combining weeding and weeding, and forbidding to use herbicide in the whole growth cycle.
The self-made matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: grass carbon: perlite: the vermiculite, the chlorothalonil, the aurantidomil and the clubroot are added into the matrix and mixed with water for spraying, so that good growth environment and nutrition requirements are provided for seedling development, and the survival rate is improved; the planting method is simple and easy to implement, is convenient to implement, and ensures that the survival rate of the cauliflower seedlings in the early stage is high, the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is low, the yield of the finished cauliflower products is high, the quality is good, the nutritional value is high, the economic benefit is increased, and the method is suitable for popularization and application by scientifically and systematically planting the cauliflower and managing the cauliflower in the field. The invention self-prepares the nutrient solution of the seedling raising pool, provides nutrient components required by seedling raising, effectively improves the survival rate of the cauliflower seedling plants, simultaneously reasonably plans and arranges the spacing of the seedling plants, ensures that the growth of the seedling plants is not influenced mutually, indirectly promotes the seedling plants to absorb nutrients more uniformly, and provides an excellent growth environment for the development of the cauliflower root system.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for planting the green food cauliflower is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seedling raising, which comprises the following steps:
s11, seed disinfection: exposing the coated seeds to sunlight for 30-40 minutes;
s12, preparing a matrix, fully stirring, uniformly stacking, covering for 3-4 days, and sterilizing;
s13, loading the substrate into a tray: placing the matrix into a nutrition tray, pressing out planting holes by a pressing plate, wherein the water content of the matrix is 45-50% when the nutrition tray is placed;
s14, sowing, namely covering one seed in each hole by using a matrix, and stacking the nutrition discs on which the seeds are sown for accelerating germination;
s15, preparing nutrient solution in a seedling raising pond: the specification of the nursery pond is 36m multiplied by 1.7m multiplied by 0.15m, the depth of water in the nursery pond is 10cm, 200-210ml of root gathering land and 200-210g of dixon are placed in each pond and are fully and uniformly stirred;
s16, disc swinging: horizontally swinging the germinated seedling trays in a nutrition pool with 280 trays in each pool;
s2, seedling management, including seedling stage management, greenhouse management and seedling hardening;
s3, transplanting and planting, comprising the following steps:
s31, soil preparation and soil moisture management;
s32, timely transplanting: timely transplanting 4 leaves and 1 heart, wherein the seedling age is 22-24 days in summer and autumn and 42-45 days in winter and spring;
s33, planting, namely, each line and each plant are drawn to position a single plant for planting, and performing standard chemical combination close planting to ensure that the obtained soil, space and other conditions of each individual are consistent; the early maturing seeds are arranged in 3 rows per soil moisture and 38cm per planting distance; the medium-maturing seeds and the late-maturing seeds are arranged in 3 rows per soil moisture and 42-45cm per planting distance;
s4, fertilizing, deeply fertilizing, fertilizing once, fertilizing twice, respectively fertilizing for 1 time in a small-cluster period and a rosette initial period, watering with low planting density, performing hole application in a large empty position by making a pond with high plant density, spraying 1/2 of the application amount, and selecting mixed liquid of 2000 times of Tianjie brand ammonium molybdate liquid and 1000 times of Aibo brand sodium borate salt to spray for 1 time about 10 days after transplanting;
s5, managing, namely managing water, comprehensively preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, intertilling, weeding, hilling and covering by folding leaves;
s6, harvesting, namely harvesting in batches when the flower balls fully grow up, the diameter of the flower balls is 15-18 cm, the surface of the flower balls is round, the edges of the flower balls are compact, and the flower balls are tightly pressed by hands.
2. The method for planting the green food cauliflower according to claim 1, wherein the matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: grass carbon: perlite: vermiculite =19-21:4-5:3-4, adding 5-6 parts of 70% chlorothalonil, 4-5 parts of 64% aurantidomide and 4-5 parts of clubroot in 2000 parts of matrix by weight, and spraying with water.
3. The method for planting the green food cauliflower according to claim 1, wherein the seedling management is that after the seedlings are placed on a tray and emerged, 1 leaf and 1 heart are subjected to gap searching and seedling supplementing; spraying 1500 times of 75% Dacroning suspension and 1500 times of Emilia emulsifiable concentrate for preventing diseases and pests; fertilizing 7 days after the seedling is replenished, and applying 0.6-0.7kg of special compound fertilizer per 100 nutrient plates; and (3) applying molybdenum and boron fertilizers: about 7 days before transplanting, mixed liquid of Tianjie brand ammonium molybdate 2000 times liquid and Aibo brand sodium borate 1000 times liquid is sprayed for 1 time.
4. The method for planting the green food cauliflower according to claim 1, wherein the greenhouse management is to pay attention to ventilation, cooling and dehumidification in summer and autumn, and pay attention to heat preservation and dehumidification in winter and spring; after sowing in summer and autumn, shading the sun by a shading net with shading degree of 80-85%, and removing the seedlings after seedling supplementing; in winter and spring, paying attention to night, and preserving heat by using heat preservation cotton; the daytime temperature is kept below 25 ℃ and the humidity is kept below 60% in any season.
5. The method for planting the green food cauliflowers according to claim 1, wherein the hardening seedling is hardening seedling by uncovering a shed for ventilation in the morning and evening and draining a nutrition pool 7 days before transplanting.
6. The method for planting cauliflower as a green food in claim 1, wherein the step of preparing soil and managing moisture comprises reserving side ditches, middle ditches and furrow-between ditches, the side ditches and the middle ditches are 40-50cm wide, the furrow-containing opening is performed at 1.5m, the furrow-between ditches are 40cm wide, the side ditches and the middle ditches are more than 10cm deeper than the furrow-between ditches for draining water, the ditches are 25-30cm deep in winter and spring and slightly shallow for preserving water in soil, the high-temperature rain ditches in summer and autumn are 35-40cm deep, and the furrow-between ditches are slightly deeper for regulating temperature and draining waterlogging by water.
7. The method for growing cauliflower, a green food, according to claim 1, wherein the moisture management comprises:
root fixing water: immediately watering enough root fixing water after planting;
squatting seedling water: controlling water to squat the seedlings and promoting the root systems to prick downwards;
lotus base nodulizing water: watering should be carried out in due time in the rosette stage and the nodulation stage to ensure the normal demand of the plant growth on water, and draining water, draining stagnant water and removing accumulated water in time after raining in summer and autumn so as to prevent retting root and death seedlings and outbreak of bacteria and fungal diseases.
8. The method for planting cauliflower as a green food of claim 1, wherein the weeding by intertillage comprises planting the cauliflower in the field for 2-3 times and 3-4 cm deep from the beginning of the lotus throne, preventing soil hardening, improving soil ventilation, promoting root development, weeding in the field in combination with weeding and weeding, and the herbicide is forbidden in the whole growth cycle.
9. The method for planting the green food cauliflower according to claim 1, wherein the earthing-up time is one earthing-up time in the small-mass stage and the early stage of rosette of the plant.
10. The method for planting the green food cauliflower according to claim 1, wherein the comprehensive pest control includes strengthening cultivation management, killing aphids with yellow boards, protecting natural enemies and spraying liquid medicine.
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