CN105248231B - The method that apple tree is planted on hillside - Google Patents

The method that apple tree is planted on hillside Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105248231B
CN105248231B CN201510794148.1A CN201510794148A CN105248231B CN 105248231 B CN105248231 B CN 105248231B CN 201510794148 A CN201510794148 A CN 201510794148A CN 105248231 B CN105248231 B CN 105248231B
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apple
hillside
tree
planted
water
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CN105248231A (en
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张继金
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Wubao Fengrun Modern Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.
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张继金
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

A kind of method that apple tree is planted on hillside of the present invention, comprises the following steps：1) prepare before plantation；2) plant, according to highly increased order plants apple sapling in different cement frame groups along hillside successively from lower to upper successively；3) apply fertilizer, after planting 1 month, multiple spherical gelfoams are placed around in the tree root of every apple sapling；The hillside for being oriented south that the selected gradient of the present invention is 40~50 °, according to highly increased order plants the apple sapling of different height in different cement frame groups along hillside successively from lower to upper successively, the stepped distribution of apple sapling, ensure apple sapling can maximum magnitude enjoy sunlight, sunlight is more abundant, improve the sugariness of apple, sunlight can not be irradiated to by avoiding apple tree downside leaf when apple tree is planted on level land, sunlight is uneven, so that the problem of causing apple quality to reduce；And apple tree is planted on hillside, the stability on hillside can also be improved.

Description

The method that apple tree is planted on hillside
Technical field
The invention belongs to apple tree implantation methods field, and in particular to a kind of method that apple tree is planted on hillside.
Background technology
Apple is rich in abundant nutrition, is the hat of four big fruit of the world.Nutrition is soluble big in apple, easily by human body Absorb, therefore have the title of " running water ", be conducive to dissolve element sulphur, make skin lubrication tender.It is also micro- rich in potassium, magnesium, zinc etc. in apple Secondary element, is quite liked by people.With the development of society, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, requirement to food Also it is higher and higher, but now in order to improve the yield of apple and the output value, peasant household can apply a large amount of chemical fertilizer, but chemical fertilizer is a large amount of Application can cause soil hardening, and the physical arrangement of soil can also be destroyed, and cause its water conservation, fertilizer conservation, poor air permeability, it is long this with Past, apple quality is more and more lower；And it is usually to be planted on level land to plant apple tree now, leaf can not shine on the downside of apple tree Sunlight is mapped to, sunlight is uneven, so that the problem of causing apple sugariness deficiency, quality to reduce.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be capable of providing a kind of method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the selected gradient of the present invention For 40~50 ° of the hillside for being oriented south, according to highly successively increased order by the apple sapling of different height along hillside Plant successively from lower to upper in different cement frame groups, the stepped distribution of apple sapling, ensure that apple sapling can be maximum Scope enjoys sunlight, and sunlight is more abundant, improves the sugariness of apple, avoids apple when apple tree is planted on level land Tree downside leaf can not be irradiated to sunlight, and sunlight is uneven, so that the problem of causing apple quality to reduce；And on hillside Upper plantation apple tree, can also improve the stability on hillside.
Technical solution provided by the invention is：
A kind of method that apple tree is planted on hillside, comprises the following steps：
1) prepare before plantation
The selection gradient is 40~50 ° and is oriented southern hillside, its soil layer is followed successively by thickness by its surface to depth of soils The lithosphere that the fine sand rock layers and thickness that sandy soil layer, thickness not less than 120cm are 35~45cm are 25~30cm, its In, the content of organic matter in the soil of the sandy soil layer is not less than 0.8%, and the particle diameter of the sandstone of the fine sand rock layers is 1.6 ~1.8mm；
On the hillside along its surface by the foot of the hill and on pour multiple cement frame groups successively, each cement frame group is Multiple length of sides adjacent to each other are the cement frame of 3.5m, and thickness proportion is backfilled successively from down to up in each cement frame For 1:1:2 stalk layer, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer, then sprays the lime aqueous solution that mass fraction is 6%, and fountain height is Each cement frame sprinkling 120~150g lime water solution, finally covers the gunny that water content is 28~37%, its Described in set slag blanket in tree slag water content be 22~28%, 20 days after, open the gunny；
2) plant
The apple sapling that selection height reduces successively, each plants an apple sapling in the cement frame, will be most short Apple sapling plant in cement frame group of the bottom close to the foot of the hill, then according to highly successively increased order by difference The apple sapling of height is planted in different cement frame groups successively from lower to upper along hillside, wherein, the highest of apple sapling Highly it is 80cm, minimum altitude 40cm；
3) apply fertilizer
A, after planting 3 days, liquid fertilizer, every apple tree are sprayed in the range of being 20cm as the center of circle, radius using tree root Seedling sprays liquid fertilizer described in 0.2~0.3kg；
B, after planting 1 month, uniform 28~30 a diameter of 4cm's of placement is spherical near the tree root of every apple sapling Gelfoam, wherein, the spherical gelfoam passes through following pretreatment：Placed in liquid fertilizer described in per 1L described in 4~5 Spherical gelfoam, after standing 3h, by the spherical gelfoam in -8 DEG C of freezings, until aneroid in the spherical gelfoam Body flows, and the polyurethane film of the first circular through hole of multiple a diameter of 1mm is then uniformly opened up in its surface clad surface；
C, annual October, tree root impose the liquid fertilizer in 10 years after planting, and every apple tree applies 0.83kg institutes within the 1st year Liquid fertilizer is stated, the amount for subsequently applying the liquid fertilizer every year is 1.22 times of the previous year.
Preferably, the method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the making step of the liquid fertilizer are as follows：
Step 1: taking 200~220 portions of water hyacinths and 140~150 portions of water lettuces to obtain the first mixture by weight, cut Broken is the segment that length is 0.5cm, sprays the rice vinegar solution that mass fraction is 7% thereto, its fountain height is the first mixture Weight 5%, extrude to the first mixture water content be 32%, be placed in hermetically sealed can and ferment 5~8 days, temperature be 38~ 45 DEG C, the first tunning is obtained, is filtered by vacuum, the water content for controlling filter residue is 4~6%, obtains the first fermentation residue and the first hair Zymotic fluid, wherein, when fermenting the 2nd day, nitrogen is passed through into the hermetically sealed can, it is 0.56~0.6L/min to be passed through speed, when being passed through Between be 35min；
Step 2: taking 100~120 parts of paddy stalks, 128~130 parts of cow dungs just by weight and 80~90 portions of earthworms Excrement obtains the second mixture, and sprinkling weight is 1.8% microbe leaven of the second mixture weight, then in the second mixing The covering of thing surface opens up the plastic film of the second circular through hole of multiple a diameter of 6mm, and water content is covered in Plastic film surface For 38~45% non-woven fabrics, the 2h that is exposed to the sun is placed under the sun, water is added into the second mixture and make it that water content is 79~85%, The ferrous sulfate solution that sprinkling mass fraction is 4.8~5.0% pH of water into mixture is 6.3~6.7, is subsequently placed in interior 4~5 days are stood, obtains the second fermentate, is filtered by vacuum, obtains the second fermentation residue and the second zymotic fluid, wherein, when standing the 3rd day The activated carbon that 5 parts of particle diameters are 1.5~2.5mm is put into thereto, and the activated carbon surface coats one layer of water permeable membrane；
Step 3: the polyvinyl alcohol, 80~96 parts of 22 DEG C of tap water that 3~5 parts of molecular weight are 12~150,000 are taken by weight Mix, be swollen 5h at 30 DEG C, be warming up to 90 DEG C with the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, stir to polyvinyl alcohol and be completely dissolved, and keep the temperature 3h, is cooled to 65 DEG C, obtains poly-vinyl alcohol solution, and insulation is spare；
Step 4: first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid are mixed, with supercritical carbon dioxide in mass ratio 1:6.8 Mixing, puts into supercritical extract tank, extracting pressure 21MPa, and extraction temperature is 39 DEG C, collects extract；
Step 5: adding the extract to the poly-vinyl alcohol solution, and 3 parts of ammonium nitrate are added, 4~6 portions of brown sugar, are mixed Close, stir 2~3h, stand 30min, obtain the liquid fertilizer.
Preferably, the method that apple tree is planted on hillside, gravel contains in the soil of the sandy soil layer Measure as 45%.
Preferably, the method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the depth of the cement frame is 35~38cm.
Preferably, the method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the brown sugar is brown granulated sugar.
Preferably, the method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the cow dung are just long-term drinking water rice straw The fresh excreta of ox.
Preferably, the method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the particle diameter of the grail of the fine sand rock layers is 8 ~12mm.
Preferably, the method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the tap water in the step 3 is by following Pretreatment：Tap water is placed under the sun and is exposed to the sun 1~2 day.
The present invention includes at least following beneficial effect：
(1) hillside for being oriented south that the selected gradient of the present invention is 40~50 °, from bottom to top pours more successively on hillside A cement frame group, most short apple sapling is planted in the lowermost cement frame group, then according to highly increasing successively Order the apple sapling of different height is planted in different cement frame groups successively from lower to upper along hillside, thus will The apple sapling of different height stepped distribution successively from top to bottom, it is ensured that the apple sapling of different height can be maximum Scope enjoys sunlight, and sunlight is more abundant, improves the sugariness of apple, avoids apple when apple tree is planted on level land Tree downside leaf can not be irradiated to sunlight, and sunlight is uneven, so that the problem of causing apple quality to reduce；And on hillside Upper plantation apple tree, can also improve the stability on hillside, and the hillside gradient is 40~50 °, can both ensure apple tree maximum model The safety problem of personnel, the gradient are low when enclosing Time for Sunshine irradiation, and can be caused to avoid precipitous due to hillside and to plant In 40 °, excessively gently, have and block between adjacent apple tree, reception sunlight degree is bad, and the gradient is higher than 50 °, excessively suddenly High and steep, personnel can be there are safety problem when planting, nor takes root growth beneficial to apple tree；
(2) the soil layer top layer in the present invention on hillside is not less than the sandy soil layer of 120cm for thickness, and apple is relatively adapted to Sandy soil is survived, if thickness is too small to be less than 120cm, is unfavorable for fixation and the apple tree root absorption soil of later stage adult apple tree Nutrition in earth, thickness is blocked up to be higher than 135cm, then more demanding to hillside, selection range is smaller, and wherein, the sandy soil The content of organic matter in the soil of layer is not less than 0.8%, stores sugar for the growth of apple tree and apple and provides nutriment； And backfill stalk layer, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer successively in each cement frame, sprinkling mass fraction is 6% Lime aqueous solution, to Nutrition Soil carry out sterilizing, then cover water content be 28~37% gunny, to stalk, tree slag, Nutrition Soil keeps the skin wet, and prevents that moisture evaporation is too fast so that stalk and tree slag are fully fermented, and are that the early period of apple sapling gives birth to Long to provide nutrition, water content is less than 28%, it is difficult to ensures the required of fermentation process water, water content is higher than 37%, be easy to cause water Divide excessive, bacterium transition growth.
(3) present invention is after plantation 1 month, and uniformly placement 28~30 is spherical bright near the tree root of every apple sapling Gelatin sponge, since spherical gelfoam has adsorbed substantial amounts of liquid fertilizer, and -8 DEG C of freezings of process, forms solid, and in its table Bread covers the polyurethane film of specific insulation effect, and polyurethane film opens up the through hole of multiple a diameter of 1mm so that spherical gelatin Sponge gradually discharges liquid fertilizer, provides nutrition for the growth of apple sapling, aperture is more than 1mm, and liquid fertilizer is lost in too fast, appearance Waste is easily caused, aperture is too small, industry manufacture inconvenience.
(4) annual October, tree root impose the liquid fertilizer to the present invention in 10 years after planting, described in follow-up annual application The amount of liquid fertilizer is 1.22 times of the previous year, and with progressively growing up for apple tree, required fertilizer is also more and more, so year by year Increase dose, can meet the nutrition needed for Apple Growth, and applied amount is 1.22 times of the previous year, will not cause fertilizer Material applies excessive and causes to burn tree root.
(5) liquid fertilizer that applies of the present invention using paddy stalk, cow dung just and the organic waste such as earthworm manure is made For raw material, and the water hyacinth for belonging to water body public hazards, water lettuce is used to make full use of organic waste, not only effectively for raw material The nutrient contents such as silicon, the calcium and magnesium of foliar fertilizer are improved, improve the water-absorbing-retaining ability of foliar fertilizer, both rationally utilized resource, are dropped Low cost, and be conducive to ecological protection.
(6) present invention adds rice vinegar during liquid fertilizer is prepared in step 1, has both ensured yeasting for acid Property, be conducive to the progress of fermentation；And contain substantial amounts of nutriment in rice vinegar, the propagation of crops chlorophyll can be accelerated, carried The accumulation of high-light-energy utilization rate and nutriment, moreover it is possible to promote the leaf area of crops to increase, thicken so that photosynthetic face Product increase, so as to improve the yield of crops.
(7) for the present invention during liquid fertilizer is prepared, it is 4.8~5.0% that mass fraction is sprayed in step 2 The pH of ferrous sulfate solution water into mixture be 6.3~6.7, ferrous sulfate both for apple tree growth provide it is necessary micro- Secondary element iron, iron is conducive to the formation of chlorophyll, will necessarily shadow because chlorophyll formation is subject to obstacle and destruction when plant lacks iron Sound is formed to photosynthesis of plant and carbohydrate, and iron can improve plant disease resistance, when ferrous sulfate solution is dense When degree is less than 4.8%, iron content cannot meet plant strain growth needs, during higher than 5%, be easy to cause unnecessary waste； And application ferrous sulfate solution can make it that yeasting at this time is faintly acid, improve the activity of microbial fermentation bacterium, have Effective beneficial to fermentation carries out, and pH is less than 6.3, and acidity is too strong, can cause the reduction of zymophyte activity on the contrary, is unfavorable for fermentation Carry out, pH is higher than 6.7, is partial to neutrality, and easily fermentation is incomplete.
(8) the first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid are carried out overcritical dioxy by the present invention during liquid fertilizer is prepared Change carbon extraction, during liquid fertilizer is prepared, extraction nutritional ingredient is more complete, more efficient, and will not cause secondary Pollution；Extracting pressure is 21MPa, can meet that extraction requires at this time, and extracting pressure is higher than 21MPa, then excessive to equipment requirement, Cost is excessive, if can not meet that extraction requires less than 21MPa, effect of extracting is bad.
(9) poly-vinyl alcohol solution is added in preparation process in the liquid fertilizer in the present invention, polyvinyl alcohol is uniquely may be used , 46 days degradable 75%, will not under the action of bacterium and enzyme by bacterium as carbon source and the polyvinyl of using energy source Environmental pollution is caused, and as polyvinyl alcohol is gradually degraded, the active ingredient of fertilizer is released slowly, thus can be grown Long nutrient is provided for apple tree.
Further advantage, target and the feature of the present invention embodies part by following explanation, and part will also be by this The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification Word can be implemented according to this.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that apple tree is planted on hillside, comprises the following steps：
1) prepare before plantation
The southern hillside that is oriented that the selection gradient is 40 °, it is not low that its soil layer by its surface to depth of soils is followed successively by thickness The lithosphere that the fine sand rock layers and thickness for being 35cm in sandy soil layer, the thickness of 120cm are 25cm, wherein, the sandy soil The content of organic matter in the soil of layer is not less than 0.8%, and the particle diameter of the sandstone of the fine sand rock layers is 1.6mm；
On the hillside along its surface by the foot of the hill and on pour multiple cement frame groups successively, each cement frame group is Multiple length of sides adjacent to each other are the cement frame of 3.5m, and thickness proportion is backfilled successively from down to up in each cement frame For 1:1:2 stalk layer, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer, then sprays the lime aqueous solution that mass fraction is 6%, and fountain height is Each cement frame sprinkling 120g lime water solution, finally covers the gunny that water content is 28%, wherein the tree After the water content of tree slag in slag blanket is 22%, 20 days, the gunny is opened；
2) plant
The apple sapling that selection height reduces successively, each plants an apple sapling in the cement frame, will be most short Apple sapling plant in cement frame group of the bottom close to the foot of the hill, then according to highly successively increased order by difference The apple sapling of height is planted in different cement frame groups successively from lower to upper along hillside, wherein, the highest of apple sapling Highly it is 80cm, minimum altitude 40cm；
3) apply fertilizer
A, after planting 3 days, liquid fertilizer, every apple tree are sprayed in the range of being 20cm as the center of circle, radius using tree root Liquid fertilizer described in seedling sprinkling 0.2kg；
B, after planting 1 month, the spherical gelatin of 28 a diameter of 4cm is uniformly placed near the tree root of every apple sapling Sponge, wherein, the spherical gelfoam passes through following pretreatment：Placement 4 is described spherical bright in liquid fertilizer described in per 1L Gelatin sponge, after standing 3h, by the spherical gelfoam in -8 DEG C of freezings, until no liquid stream in the spherical gelfoam It is dynamic, the polyurethane film of the first circular through hole of multiple a diameter of 1mm is then uniformly opened up in its surface clad surface；
C, annual October, tree root impose the liquid fertilizer in 10 years after planting, and every apple tree applies 0.83kg institutes within the 1st year Liquid fertilizer is stated, the amount for subsequently applying the liquid fertilizer every year is 1.22 times of the previous year.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the making step of the liquid fertilizer are as follows：
Step 1: take 200 portions of water hyacinths and 140 portions of water lettuces to obtain the first mixture by weight, shred and be for length The segment of 0.5cm, sprays the rice vinegar solution that mass fraction is 7% thereto, its fountain height is the weight of the first mixture 5%, it is 32% to extrude to the water content of the first mixture, is placed in hermetically sealed can and ferments 5 days, and temperature is 38 DEG C, obtains the first fermentation Product, vacuum filtration, the water content for controlling filter residue is 4%, obtains the first fermentation residue and the first zymotic fluid, wherein, ferment the 2nd day When, nitrogen is passed through into the hermetically sealed can, it is 0.56L/min to be passed through speed, and it is 35min to be passed through the time；
Step 2: taking 100 parts of paddy stalks, 128 parts of cow dungs just by weight and 80 parts of earthworm manures obtain the second mixing Thing, sprinkling weight are 1.8% microbe leaven of the second mixture weight, and then on the second mixture surface, covering opens up The plastic film of the second circular through hole of multiple a diameter of 6mm, the non-woven fabrics for being 38% in Plastic film surface covering water content, The 2h that is exposed to the sun is placed under the sun, the sulphur that water make it that water content is 79%, and sprinkling mass fraction is 4.8% is added into the second mixture The pH of sour ferrous iron solution water into mixture is 6.3, is subsequently placed in indoor standing 4 days, obtains the second fermentate, is filtered by vacuum, obtains Second fermentation residue and the second zymotic fluid, wherein, the activated carbon that 5 parts of particle diameters are 1.5mm, institute are put into when standing the 3rd day thereto State activated carbon surface and coat one layer of water permeable membrane；
Step 3: the polyvinyl alcohol, 80 parts of 22 DEG C of tap water mixing that 3 parts of molecular weight are 120,000 are taken by weight, at 30 DEG C 5h is swollen, 90 DEG C is warming up to the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, stirs to polyvinyl alcohol and be completely dissolved, and keeps the temperature 3h, is cooled to 65 DEG C, poly-vinyl alcohol solution is obtained, insulation is spare；
Step 4: first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid are mixed, with supercritical carbon dioxide in mass ratio 1:6.8 Mixing, puts into supercritical extract tank, extracting pressure 21MPa, and extraction temperature is 39 DEG C, collects extract；
Step 5: adding the extract to the poly-vinyl alcohol solution, and 3 parts of ammonium nitrate are added, 4 portions of brown sugar, mixing, 2h is stirred, 30min is stood, obtains the liquid fertilizer.
The described method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the content of gravel is 45% in the soil of the sandy soil layer.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the depth of the cement frame is 35cm.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the brown sugar is brown granulated sugar.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the cow dung are just the fresh of the long-term ox for absorbing water rice straw Excrement.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the particle diameter of the grail of the fine sand rock layers is 8mm.
The described method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the tap water in the step 3 pass through following pretreatment：Will Tap water, which is placed under the sun, to be exposed to the sun 1 day.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that apple tree is planted on hillside, comprises the following steps：
1) prepare before plantation
The southern hillside that is oriented that the selection gradient is 45 °, it is not low that its soil layer by its surface to depth of soils is followed successively by thickness The lithosphere that the fine sand rock layers and thickness for being 40cm in sandy soil layer, the thickness of 125cm are 28cm, wherein, the sandy soil The content of organic matter in the soil of layer is not less than 0.8%, and the particle diameter of the sandstone of the fine sand rock layers is 1.7mm；
On the hillside along its surface by the foot of the hill and on pour multiple cement frame groups successively, each cement frame group is Multiple length of sides adjacent to each other are the cement frame of 3.5m, and thickness proportion is backfilled successively from down to up in each cement frame For 1:1:2 stalk layer, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer, then sprays the lime aqueous solution that mass fraction is 6%, and fountain height is Each cement frame sprinkling 135g lime water solution, finally covers the gunny that water content is 32%, wherein the tree After the water content of tree slag in slag blanket is 24%, 20 days, the gunny is opened；
2) plant
The apple sapling that selection height reduces successively, each plants an apple sapling in the cement frame, will be most short Apple sapling plant in cement frame group of the bottom close to the foot of the hill, then according to highly successively increased order by difference The apple sapling of height is planted in different cement frame groups successively from lower to upper along hillside, wherein, the highest of apple sapling Highly it is 80cm, minimum altitude 40cm；
3) apply fertilizer
A, after planting 3 days, liquid fertilizer, every apple tree are sprayed in the range of being 20cm as the center of circle, radius using tree root Liquid fertilizer described in seedling sprinkling 0.25kg；
B, after planting 1 month, the spherical gelatin of 29 a diameter of 4cm is uniformly placed near the tree root of every apple sapling Sponge, wherein, the spherical gelfoam passes through following pretreatment：Placement 4 is described spherical bright in liquid fertilizer described in per 1L Gelatin sponge, after standing 3h, by the spherical gelfoam in -8 DEG C of freezings, until no liquid stream in the spherical gelfoam It is dynamic, the polyurethane film of the first circular through hole of multiple a diameter of 1mm is then uniformly opened up in its surface clad surface；
C, annual October, tree root impose the liquid fertilizer in 10 years after planting, and every apple tree applies 0.83kg institutes within the 1st year Liquid fertilizer is stated, the amount for subsequently applying the liquid fertilizer every year is 1.22 times of the previous year.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the making step of the liquid fertilizer are as follows：
Step 1: take 210 portions of water hyacinths and 145 portions of water lettuces to obtain the first mixture by weight, shred and be for length The segment of 0.5cm, sprays the rice vinegar solution that mass fraction is 7% thereto, its fountain height is the weight of the first mixture 5%, it is 32% to extrude to the water content of the first mixture, is placed in hermetically sealed can and ferments 6 days, and temperature is 40 DEG C, obtains the first fermentation Product, vacuum filtration, the water content for controlling filter residue is 5%, obtains the first fermentation residue and the first zymotic fluid, wherein, ferment the 2nd day When, nitrogen is passed through into the hermetically sealed can, it is 0.58L/min to be passed through speed, and it is 35min to be passed through the time；
Step 2: taking 110 parts of paddy stalks, 129 parts of cow dungs just by weight and 85 parts of earthworm manures obtain the second mixing Thing, sprinkling weight are 1.8% microbe leaven of the second mixture weight, and then on the second mixture surface, covering opens up The plastic film of the second circular through hole of multiple a diameter of 6mm, the non-woven fabrics for being 42% in Plastic film surface covering water content, The 2h that is exposed to the sun is placed under the sun, the sulphur that water make it that water content is 82%, and sprinkling mass fraction is 4.9% is added into the second mixture The pH of sour ferrous iron solution water into mixture is 6.5, is subsequently placed in indoor standing 4.5 days, obtains the second fermentate, is filtered by vacuum, The second fermentation residue and the second zymotic fluid are obtained, wherein, the activated carbon that 5 parts of particle diameters are 2mm, institute are put into when standing the 3rd day thereto State activated carbon surface and coat one layer of water permeable membrane；
Step 3: the polyvinyl alcohol, 85 parts of 22 DEG C of tap water mixing that 4 parts of molecular weight are 130,000 are taken by weight, at 30 DEG C 5h is swollen, 90 DEG C is warming up to the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, stirs to polyvinyl alcohol and be completely dissolved, and keeps the temperature 3h, is cooled to 65 DEG C, poly-vinyl alcohol solution is obtained, insulation is spare；
Step 4: first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid are mixed, with supercritical carbon dioxide in mass ratio 1:6.8 Mixing, puts into supercritical extract tank, extracting pressure 21MPa, and extraction temperature is 39 DEG C, collects extract；
Step 5: adding the extract to the poly-vinyl alcohol solution, and 3 parts of ammonium nitrate are added, 5 portions of brown sugar, mixing, 2.5h is stirred, 30min is stood, obtains the liquid fertilizer.
The described method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the content of gravel is 45% in the soil of the sandy soil layer.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the depth of the cement frame is 36cm.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the brown sugar is brown granulated sugar.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the cow dung are just the fresh of the long-term ox for absorbing water rice straw Excrement.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the particle diameter of the grail of the fine sand rock layers is 10mm.
The described method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the tap water in the step 3 pass through following pretreatment：Will Tap water, which is placed under the sun, to be exposed to the sun 1.5 days.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that apple tree is planted on hillside, comprises the following steps：
1) prepare before plantation
The southern hillside that is oriented that the selection gradient is 50 °, it is not low that its soil layer by its surface to depth of soils is followed successively by thickness The lithosphere that the fine sand rock layers and thickness for being 45cm in sandy soil layer, the thickness of 135cm are 30cm, wherein, the sandy soil The content of organic matter in the soil of layer is not less than 0.8%, and the particle diameter of the sandstone of the fine sand rock layers is 1.8mm；
On the hillside along its surface by the foot of the hill and on pour multiple cement frame groups successively, each cement frame group is Multiple length of sides adjacent to each other are the cement frame of 3.5m, and thickness proportion is backfilled successively from down to up in each cement frame For 1:1:2 stalk layer, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer, then sprays the lime aqueous solution that mass fraction is 6%, and fountain height is Each cement frame sprinkling 150g lime water solution, finally covers the gunny that water content is 37%, wherein the tree After the water content of tree slag in slag blanket is 28%, 20 days, the gunny is opened；
2) plant
The apple sapling that selection height reduces successively, each plants an apple sapling in the cement frame, will be most short Apple sapling plant in cement frame group of the bottom close to the foot of the hill, then according to highly successively increased order by difference The apple sapling of height is planted in different cement frame groups successively from lower to upper along hillside, wherein, the highest of apple sapling Highly it is 80cm, minimum altitude 40cm；
3) apply fertilizer
A, after planting 3 days, liquid fertilizer, every apple tree are sprayed in the range of being 20cm as the center of circle, radius using tree root Liquid fertilizer described in seedling sprinkling 0.3kg；
B, after planting 1 month, the spherical gelatin of 30 a diameter of 4cm is uniformly placed near the tree root of every apple sapling Sponge, wherein, the spherical gelfoam passes through following pretreatment：Placement 5 is described spherical bright in liquid fertilizer described in per 1L Gelatin sponge, after standing 3h, by the spherical gelfoam in -8 DEG C of freezings, until no liquid stream in the spherical gelfoam It is dynamic, the polyurethane film of the first circular through hole of multiple a diameter of 1mm is then uniformly opened up in its surface clad surface；
C, annual October, tree root impose the liquid fertilizer in 10 years after planting, and every apple tree applies 0.83kg institutes within the 1st year Liquid fertilizer is stated, the amount for subsequently applying the liquid fertilizer every year is 1.22 times of the previous year.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the making step of the liquid fertilizer are as follows：
Step 1: take 220 portions of water hyacinths and 150 portions of water lettuces to obtain the first mixture by weight, shred and be for length The segment of 0.5cm, sprays the rice vinegar solution that mass fraction is 7% thereto, its fountain height is the weight of the first mixture 5%, it is 32% to extrude to the water content of the first mixture, is placed in hermetically sealed can and ferments 8 days, and temperature is 45 DEG C, obtains the first fermentation Product, vacuum filtration, the water content for controlling filter residue is 6%, obtains the first fermentation residue and the first zymotic fluid, wherein, ferment the 2nd day When, nitrogen is passed through into the hermetically sealed can, it is 0.6L/min to be passed through speed, and it is 35min to be passed through the time；
Step 2: taking 120 parts of paddy stalks, 130 parts of cow dungs just by weight and 90 parts of earthworm manures obtain the second mixing Thing, sprinkling weight are 1.8% microbe leaven of the second mixture weight, and then on the second mixture surface, covering opens up The plastic film of the second circular through hole of multiple a diameter of 6mm, the non-woven fabrics for being 45% in Plastic film surface covering water content, The 2h that is exposed to the sun is placed under the sun, the sulphur that water make it that water content is 85%, and sprinkling mass fraction is 5.0% is added into the second mixture The pH of sour ferrous iron solution water into mixture is 6.7, is subsequently placed in indoor standing 5 days, obtains the second fermentate, is filtered by vacuum, obtains Second fermentation residue and the second zymotic fluid, wherein, the activated carbon that 5 parts of particle diameters are 2.5mm, institute are put into when standing the 3rd day thereto State activated carbon surface and coat one layer of water permeable membrane；
Step 3: the polyvinyl alcohol, 96 parts of 22 DEG C of tap water mixing that 5 parts of molecular weight are 150,000 are taken by weight, at 30 DEG C 5h is swollen, 90 DEG C is warming up to the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, stirs to polyvinyl alcohol and be completely dissolved, and keeps the temperature 3h, is cooled to 65 DEG C, poly-vinyl alcohol solution is obtained, insulation is spare；
Step 4: first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid are mixed, with supercritical carbon dioxide in mass ratio 1:6.8 Mixing, puts into supercritical extract tank, extracting pressure 21MPa, and extraction temperature is 39 DEG C, collects extract；
Step 5: adding the extract to the poly-vinyl alcohol solution, and 3 parts of ammonium nitrate are added, 6 portions of brown sugar, mixing, 3h is stirred, 30min is stood, obtains the liquid fertilizer.
The described method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the content of gravel is 45% in the soil of the sandy soil layer.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the depth of the cement frame is 38cm.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the brown sugar is brown granulated sugar.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the cow dung are just the fresh of the long-term ox for absorbing water rice straw Excrement.
The method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the particle diameter of the grail of the fine sand rock layers is 12mm.
The described method that apple tree is planted on hillside, the tap water in the step 3 pass through following pretreatment：Will Tap water, which is placed under the sun, to be exposed to the sun 2 days.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted in specification and embodiment listed With it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, can be easily for those skilled in the art Realize other modification, therefore under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, it is of the invention and unlimited In specific details and shown here as the embodiment with description.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. method that apple tree is planted on hillside, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    1) prepare before plantation
    The southern hillside that is oriented that the selection gradient is 40~50 °, it is not low that its soil layer by its surface to depth of soils is followed successively by thickness The lithosphere that the fine sand rock layers and thickness for being 35~45cm in sandy soil layer, the thickness of 120cm are 25~30cm, wherein, institute State the content of organic matter in the soil of sandy soil layer and be not less than 0.8%, the particle diameter of the sandstone of the fine sand rock layers for 1.6~ 1.8mm；
    On the hillside along its surface by the foot of the hill and on pour multiple cement frame groups successively, each cement frame group is multiple The length of side adjacent to each other is the cement frame of 3.5m, and it is 1 to backfill thickness proportion in each cement frame successively from down to up: 1:2 stalk layer, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer, then sprays the lime aqueous solution that mass fraction is 6%, fountain height is each The cement frame sprays 120~150g lime water solution, finally covers the gunny that water content is 28~37%, wherein institute The water content for stating the tree slag in tree slag blanket is after 22~28%, 20 days, opens the gunny；
    2) plant
    The apple sapling that selection height reduces successively, each plants an apple sapling, by most short apple in the cement frame Fruit tree seedlings are planted in cement frame group of the bottom close to the foot of the hill, then according to highly successively increased order by different height Apple sapling planted successively from lower to upper in different cement frame groups along hillside, wherein, the maximum height of apple sapling For 80cm, minimum altitude 40cm；
    3) apply fertilizer
    A, after planting 3 days, liquid fertilizer, every apple sapling spray are sprayed in the range of being 20cm as the center of circle, radius using tree root Spill liquid fertilizer described in 0.2~0.3kg；
    B, after planting 1 month, the spherical gelatin of 28~30 a diameter of 4cm is uniformly placed near the tree root of every apple sapling Sponge, wherein, the spherical gelfoam passes through following pretreatment：Placement 4~5 is described spherical in liquid fertilizer described in per 1L Gelfoam, after standing 3h, by the spherical gelfoam in -8 DEG C of freezings, until no liquid stream in the spherical gelfoam It is dynamic, the polyurethane film of the first circular through hole of multiple a diameter of 1mm is then uniformly opened up in its surface clad surface；
    C, annual October, tree root impose the liquid fertilizer in 10 years after planting, and every apple tree applies liquid described in 0.83kg within the 1st year Body fertilizer, the amount for subsequently applying the liquid fertilizer every year is 1.22 times of the previous year；
    The making step of the liquid fertilizer is as follows：
    Step 1: take 200~220 portions of water hyacinths and 140~150 portions of water lettuces to obtain the first mixture by weight, shred and be Length is the segment of 0.5cm, sprays the rice vinegar solution that mass fraction is 7% thereto, its fountain height is the weight of the first mixture The 5% of amount, it is 32% to extrude to the water content of the first mixture, is placed in hermetically sealed can and ferments 5~8 days, and temperature is 38~45 DEG C, The first tunning is obtained, vacuum filtration, the water content for controlling filter residue is 4~6%, obtains the first fermentation residue and the first zymotic fluid, Wherein, when fermenting the 2nd day, nitrogen is passed through into the hermetically sealed can, it is 0.56~0.6L/min to be passed through speed, is passed through the time and is 35min；
    Step 2: taking 100~120 parts of paddy stalks, 128~130 parts of cow dungs just by weight and 80~90 parts of earthworm manures The second mixture is obtained, sprinkling weight is 1.8% microbe leaven of the second mixture weight, then in the second mixture table Face covering opens up the plastic film of the second circular through hole of multiple a diameter of 6mm, is 38 in Plastic film surface covering water content ~45% non-woven fabrics, is placed under the sun 2h that is exposed to the sun, and water is added into the second mixture and make it that water content is 79~85%, sprinkling The ferrous sulfate solution that mass fraction is 4.8~5.0% pH of water into mixture is 6.3~6.7, is subsequently placed in indoor standing 4~5 days, the second fermentate is obtained, is filtered by vacuum, obtains the second fermentation residue and the second zymotic fluid, wherein, to it when standing the 3rd day The activated carbon that middle 5 parts of particle diameters of input are 1.5~2.5mm, the activated carbon surface coat one layer of water permeable membrane；
    Step 3: the polyvinyl alcohol, 80~96 parts of 22 DEG C of tap water mixing that 3~5 parts of molecular weight are 12~150,000 are taken by weight, 5h is swollen at 30 DEG C, 90 DEG C is warming up to the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, stirs to polyvinyl alcohol and be completely dissolved, and keeps the temperature 3h, is dropped Temperature obtains poly-vinyl alcohol solution to 65 DEG C, and insulation is spare；
    Step 4: first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid are mixed, with supercritical carbon dioxide in mass ratio 1:6.8 mixing, Supercritical extract tank, extracting pressure 21MPa are put into, extraction temperature is 39 DEG C, collects extract；
    Step 5: adding the extract to the poly-vinyl alcohol solution, and 3 parts of ammonium nitrate are added, 4~6 portions of brown sugar, mixing, 2~3h is stirred, 30min is stood, obtains the liquid fertilizer.
  2. 2. the method for apple tree is planted on hillside as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the soil of the sandy soil layer The content of middle gravel is 45%.
  3. 3. the method for apple tree is planted on hillside as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the depth of the cement frame For 35~38cm.
  4. 4. the method for apple tree is planted on hillside as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the brown sugar is brown granulated sugar.
  5. 5. the method for apple tree is planted on hillside as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the cow dung is just to eat for a long time The fresh excreta of the ox of rice straw.
  6. 6. the method for apple tree is planted on hillside as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that in the step 3 originally Water passes through following pretreatment：Tap water is placed under the sun and is exposed to the sun 1~2 day.
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CN105875326A (en) * 2016-04-19 2016-08-24 柳州市盛世种植场 Method for planting apple trees on hillside
CN105837334A (en) * 2016-04-19 2016-08-10 柳州市盛世种植场 Liquid fertilizer for planting apple trees
CN106233906B (en) * 2016-07-26 2019-04-30 太原理工大学 A kind of hillside fields tea tree fertigation method
CN106258727A (en) * 2016-08-08 2017-01-04 黄毅 The green planting method of apple tree
CN107616058A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-01-23 四川创梦缘生态农业有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of the high-quality shaddock in mountain region
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