CN107455126A - A kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield, including Seeds preprocess, seed seedling-raising, selection of land site preparation, field planting, the steps such as field management, the invention provides a kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield, it to "Hami" melon seed by pre-processing, pre- preventing disease and pest, improve the survival rate of "Hami" melon nursery, and configure nutritious, soil conditioner and insect repellant solution with sterilization and disinfestation effect, plus reasonable, the field management method of science, it is short to obtain the growth and maturity cycle, thin skin, uniform "Hami" melon fruit, and yield is high, dehiscent fruit is few, its sugar content is up to more than 23.6%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield.
Background technology
"Hami" melon, it is a mutation of muskmelon, also known as snow melon, tribute melon, it is a kind of excellent melon variety.Uighur claims
" storehouse flood ", comes from Turki " card ripple ", and the meaning is " muskmelon ".Sweet, fruit is big, produced with Hami it is the most famous, therefore be referred to as breathe out
Close melon."Hami" melon has the laudatory title of " king in melon ", comes in every shape, unique flavor, and some contains lemonene with creamy taste, some, but
All sweet as sweet, strange perfume (or spice) attacks people, enjoys great prestige both at home and abroad.Not only flavor is good for "Hami" melon, and being rich in nutrition, and medical value is high, contains
15% or so sugar, 2.6~6.7% cellulose, also containing malic acid, pectin substance, vitamin A, B, C, niacin with
And the element such as calcium, phosphorus, iron.The wherein content of iron is higher than milk 17 times two 3 times more than chicken."Hami" melon also has higher medicine
With value, the fruit that summer relieves summer heat is not only, but also can effectively prevent that people is shone spot, rich in anti-oxidant in "Hami" melon
Agent, it can effectively strengthen cell and resist sun-proof ability, reduce the formation of dermal melanin；Because the content of potassium in "Hami" melon is higher,
Protection can be provided to body, additionally it is possible to normal heart rate and blood pressure are kept, can effectively prevent coronary heart disease, meanwhile, Canon
Muscle cramp is enough prevented, allows the body of people to recover as soon as possible from damage；In addition, eating half of "Hami" melon daily can supplement
Water-soluble vitamin c and B family vitamin, it can ensure that body keeps the needs of eubolism."Hami" melon has individual kind more than 180
And type, there are precocious summer melon and point of late-maturing wax gourd again, annual May, that is, the muskmelon for having precocity lists, followed by "Hami" melon,
Various muskmelons are in succession ripe；More late-maturing black eyebrow honey extremely sweet listing when closed on annual late autumn in October.Late-maturing wax gourd
Shelf-stable, can be put into spring in the coming year, and taste is still fresh.
"Hami" melon reality row Plastic canopy culture, using stand cultivation "Hami" melon, makes "Hami" melon well-ventilated, helps to breathe out
Close melon fast-growth.With the raising of people's living standard, the demand of "Hami" melon is also increasingly increased；Recently as
The appearance of various fruit new varieties, people it is also proposed higher requirement to the quality of "Hami" melon, how plant "Hami" melon ability
Obtain mouthfeel more preferably, nutrition is more rich and yield is higher "Hami" melon is constantly sought as people and urgent problem to be solved.So
And due to the unreasonable of existing "Hami" melon implantation methods and not science, adverse weather conditions, seedling quality are inferior, barren soil,
Cultivation management not science and disease pest harm is serious waits many reasons, cause the "Hami" melon incidence of disease height of harvest, yield poorly and quality
Difference, the market demand can not be met.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：For above-mentioned deficiency, the invention provides a kind of raising "Hami" melon yield
Cultural method.The invention provides a kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield, it by being located in advance to "Hami" melon seed
Reason, pre- preventing disease and pest improve the survival rate of "Hami" melon nursery, and configure soil that is nutritious, having sterilization and disinfestation effect and adjust
Agent and insect repellant solution are managed, plus reasonable, science field management method, obtains short growth and maturity cycle, thin skin, uniform Kazakhstan
Close melon, and yield is high, dehiscent fruit is few, its sugar content is up to more than 23.6%.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme：
A kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield, comprises the following steps：
（1）Seeds preprocess：The "Hami" melon seed of selection full seed is placed in 2~3d of solarization under sunshine, is then soaked with clear water
After 55~70min of "Hami" melon seed, 35~45min of immersion in 41~45 DEG C of hot water is placed in, taking-up is put into the bag body equipped with river sand
In, bag body is placed in 6.5~7.5h of immersion in soak, during which 15~18min is handled every 1.5h sonic oscillations, every 3.5h
Volume ratio is passed through into the soak as 1：2 ozone and the mixed gas of oxygen, after immersion, taken from the bag body
Go out "Hami" melon seed, "Hami" melon seed is placed in constant temperature 24h at 40 DEG C, then in 70 DEG C of constant temperature 24h, then the purple with 35~45w
Pretreated "Hami" melon seed is obtained after 0.6~0.9h of outer light irradiation "Hami" melon seed；
（2）Seed seedling-raising：Select carry out nursery the afternoon of early Febuary, the seedling medium of configuration is fitted into seedlings nursing plate, by step
（1）The sowing of pretreated "Hami" melon seed is in seedlings nursing plate, and after planting thickness of earth covering is 0.8~1.0cm, pour 20 after earthing~
Once, nursery bed temperature keeps 26~30 DEG C on daytime to 23 DEG C of warm water between nursery stage, and night is kept for 18~20 DEG C, 25~30d of nursery
Obtain Hami melon seedling；
（3）Selection of land site preparation：Selection did not planted the plot of melon sandy loam as melon in 3 years, choosing in the soil on melon ground has
Machine matter content is not less than 1.0%, and soil acidity or alkalinity pH value is 7~8, is colonized the previous moon, and depth of soil is carried out in melon ground and is reached
25~30cm's digs, then by 1000~1300kg/ of organic fertilizer mus, 35~50kg/ of dregs of fat mus, composite fertilizer's 15~25kg/ mus
And during potassium sulfate 2~5kg/ mus are manured into soil, 12~18d builds arc greenhouse on the ground in melon before field planting, is opened up on greenhouse more
The individual mouth that leaks informaton, the high 1.6~2.6m of arc greenhouse, dig a width of 0.8~1.2m, a height of 20~30cm furrow in melon；
（4）Field planting：5~9d selects the wide silver grey films of 70~90cm as covering with ground sheeting on furrow before field planting, first exists during field planting
40~45cm of spacing in the rows is pressed in each furrow, plantation density is 700~800 plants/acre and digs plant hole successively, and Hami melon seedling is planted every successively
After in avenue system cave, the solution after 1200~1500 times of fenaminosulf wettable powder dilution agent is poured into each plant hole, then by nursery
Seedling medium in disk for "Hami" melon seed seedling-raising is earthed up；
（5）Field management：Daily irrigation, top dressing and pest management are carried out to "Hami" melon melon seedling；
1. expand period management："Hami" melon grow into fruit expanding period before, in greenhouse daytime keep 28~31 DEG C, night keep
For 15~22 DEG C, into fruit expanding period after carry out temperature-controlled tube reason, and "Hami" melon from 20~35cm of root according to 10~
15kg/ mus are spreaded manuer in holes composite fertilizer, and spray fertilizer mass fraction is 3 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate on "Hami" melon leaf, 5 before "Hami" melon harvesting
~10d stops watering, and when during which canopy temperature reaches 40 DEG C, by opening the mouth that leaks informaton, divulge information 1.2~1.8h；
2. when the climing fruit setting of melon has egg big, fruit is held with the string bag, sprays one layer of mixed liquor, institute to fruit outer surface daily
Stating mixed liquor included 60~80 parts of 10~20 parts of bamboo vinegar, 20~30 parts of white sugar, 1~3 part of heteroauxin and water, every 2~4 days
To foliage-spray plant photosynthesis promoter；"Hami" melon stops watering and fertilising after coming to the ripening period.
Further, in step（1）, the soak is the alpha-amylase solution that mass fraction is 2%.
Further, in step（2）, the seedling medium is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Decomposed animal wastes 20
~30 parts, 10~20 parts of 10~20 parts of tunning, the bagasse of ocean rudimentary plant, 10~20 parts of crab shell, stalk 10~20
Part, 3~5 parts of plant ash, 10~15 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 10~15 parts of wheat bran, 1~2 part of EM bacteria agent, 1~4 part of ammonium nitrate, phosphorus
0.1~0.5 part of 0.5~1.1 part of acid dihydride potassium, 0.01~0.05 part of glycerine, 0.3~0.8 part of magnesium sulfate and quick lime；It is prepared
Method is：By the decomposed animal wastes, tunning of ocean rudimentary plant, bagasse, crab shell, stalk, plant ash, molasses fermented
1~3d of sealing and fermenting in fermentation tank is placed in after liquid, wheat bran and EM bacteria agent are well mixed, controls the temperature of fermentation tank to be no more than 50
DEG C, fermentate is obtained, ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glycerine, magnesium sulfate into fermentate, after stirring, admixes quick lime sealing
12~16h is sterilized, spreads out to dry and produces.
Further, in step（4）, after transplanting melon seedling, using the fertilizer solution being configured to by fruit power water-soluble fertilizer and water
Spray blade face 1~2 time, spray every time every mu of blade face "Hami" melon orchard apply by 250~290g fruit power water-soluble fertilizers and 100~
The fertilizer solution that 118kg water is configured to, spray twice between blade face at intervals of 7~10d；And every mu of "Hami" melon orchard uses
The fertilizer solution punching being configured to by the sweetened liquid of 250~290g promoting root growth and 100~115kg water applies leaching root 1 time.
Further, in step（5）, it is described expand temperature control management in period management specific method be：Into Fruit
In phase in latter week, it is 28~30 DEG C to keep day temperature in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is 16~18 DEG C, and daily night is with 760nm's
2.2~2.8h of far red light irradiation "Hami" melon；Terminate first 5th day into fruit expanding period latter week to fruit expanding period, keep
Day temperature is 30~33 DEG C in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is 12~14 DEG C, and daily night irradiates Hami with 760nm far red light
2.2~2.8h of melon, during which every 2~4d, before using far red light irradiation "Hami" melon, first dipping mass fraction with brush is
1% bamboo vinegar brushing is on "Hami" melon surface, then carries out far red light irradiation；Before fruit expanding period terminates in 4d, greenhouse is kept
Interior day temperature is 30~33 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 16~18 DEG C.
Further, in step（5）, to be worked out by a diameter of 1cm rope, the rope surface applies the string bag
Cover and be provided with multiple a diameter of 0.1~0.2cm through hole by a layer polypropylene acid amides, the rope, be placed in the string bag using preceding
25~30min is soaked in wormwood liquid, taking-up is dried up with hair-dryer, repeats immersion, drying 3~4 times；In addition, string bag bottom is provided with
At least two meches, the lower end of the meche are embedded in the soil of melon patch, and one layer of wormwood liquid is sprayed with the meche.
In summary, the present invention has the positive effect that as a result of such scheme：
（1）The invention provides it is a kind of improve "Hami" melon yield cultural method, its by being pre-processed to "Hami" melon seed,
Pre- preventing disease and pest, improves the survival rate of "Hami" melon nursery, and configures soil conditioner that is nutritious, having sterilization and disinfestation effect
And insect repellant solution, plus reasonable, science field management method, obtain short growth and maturity cycle, thin skin, uniform Hami
Melon, and yield is high, dehiscent fruit is few, its sugar content is up to more than 23.6%.
（2）Fruit expanding period temperature control management is divided into three phases in the greenhouse gardening method of the "Hami" melon of the present invention, and first
Stage is the transitional period, ensures stable transition of the "Hami" melon from the phase of bearing fruit to the fruit expanding period of nutrient accumulation, and night keeps suitable
Temperature ensures the steady growth of fruit after bearing fruit, and ultra violet lamp "Hami" melon, the accumulation of favourable fruit nutrient are used at night.The
Two-stage is the rapid growth phase, increases day and night temperature in this stage, is advantageous to the accumulation of sugar in "Hami" melon, is adopted daily at night
Further promote expanding and improving quality for fruit with more powerful ultra violet lamp, bamboo vinegar liquid energy plays plant hormone side
The effect in face, bamboo vinegar combination ultra violet lamp, there is more preferable permeability, can play a part of promoting "Hami" melon growth,
The taste of "Hami" melon fruit is more preferable, meanwhile, the bamboo vinegar of fruit surface also can prevent "Hami" melon fruit as the repellant of insect pest
The underproduction is influenceed by insect pest, so as to ensure the high-quality of "Hami" melon and high yield.Phase III is phase buffer, "Hami" melon fruit nutrient
Accumulation is prepared i.e. by saturation to come to the ripening period, and does not give Hami flower watering within 5~10 days before "Hami" melon harvesting, with anti-fruit-cracking, rotten
Fruit, and excess moisture can influence the conversion of sugar in the continued growth of "Hami" melon leaf and plant body.Carry out and divide in fruit expanding period
Stage temperature control management, meet "Hami" melon fast-growth needs, meet "Hami" melon growth rhythm, sugar content is higher, seeks so as to obtain
Support more rich and higher yield "Hami" melon.
Embodiment
With reference to the embodiment cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield a kind of to the present invention, it is described further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield, comprises the following steps：
（1）Seeds preprocess：The "Hami" melon seed of selection full seed, which is placed under sunshine, shines 2d, then soaks Hami with clear water
After melon seed 55min, it is placed in 41 DEG C of hot water and soaks 35min, taking-up is put into the bag body equipped with river sand, and bag body is placed in into immersion
6.5h is soaked in liquid, during which handles 15min every 1.5h sonic oscillations, being passed through volume ratio into the soak every 3.5h is
1：2 ozone and the mixed gas of oxygen, after immersion, "Hami" melon seed is taken out from the bag body, by "Hami" melon seed
Constant temperature 24h at 40 DEG C is placed in, then in 70 DEG C of constant temperature 24h, then it is pre- with being obtained after 35w ultra violet lamp "Hami" melon seed 0.6h
"Hami" melon seed after processing；The soak is the alpha-amylase solution that mass fraction is 2%；
（2）Seed seedling-raising：Select carry out nursery the afternoon of early Febuary, the seedling medium of configuration is fitted into seedlings nursing plate, by step
（1）In seedlings nursing plate, after planting thickness of earth covering is 0.8cm, and 20 DEG C of warm water are poured after earthing for pretreated "Hami" melon seed sowing
Once, nursery bed temperature keeps 26 DEG C on daytime between nursery stage, and night is kept for 18 DEG C, and nursery 25d obtains Hami melon seedling；The nursery
Matrix is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Decomposed 20 parts of animal wastes, 10 parts of tunning, the bagasse of ocean rudimentary plant
10 parts, 10 parts of crab shell, 10 parts of stalk, 3 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 10 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of EM bacteria agent, 1 part of ammonium nitrate,
0.1 part of 0.5 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01 part of glycerine, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate and quick lime；Its preparation method is：By decomposed animal excreta
Just, the tunning of ocean rudimentary plant, bagasse, crab shell, stalk, plant ash, molasses fermented liquid, wheat bran and EM bacteria agent mixing
It is placed in after uniformly in fermentation tank and is sealed by fermentation 1d, is controlled the temperature of fermentation tank to be no more than 50 DEG C, obtain fermentate, the nitre into fermentate
Sour ammonium, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glycerine, magnesium sulfate, after stirring, quick lime sealing sterilization 12h is admixed, spreads out to dry and produces；
（3）Selection of land site preparation：Selection did not planted the plot of melon sandy loam as melon in 3 years, choosing in the soil on melon ground has
Machine matter content is not less than 1.0%, and soil acidity or alkalinity pH value is 7, is colonized the previous moon, and depth of soil is carried out in melon ground and reaches 25cm
Dig, then by organic fertilizer 1000kg/ mus, dregs of fat 35kg/ mus, composite fertilizer's 15kg/ mus and potassium sulfate 2kg/ mus apply soil
In earth, 12d builds arc greenhouse on the ground in melon before field planting, opens up multiple mouths that leak informaton on greenhouse, the high 1.6m of arc greenhouse, in melon
Dig a width of 0.8m, a height of 20cm furrow；
（4）Field planting：5d selects the wide silver grey films of 70cm as covering with ground sheeting on furrow before field planting, during field planting first in each furrow
By spacing in the rows 40cm, plantation density is 700 plants/acre and digs plant hole successively, after Hami melon seedling is planted in each column plant hole successively, will oppose sulphur
Solution after 1200 times of sodium wettable powder dilution agent pours into each plant hole, then will be used for "Hami" melon seed seedling-raising in seedlings nursing plate
Seedling medium is earthed up；Transplant melon seedling after, using the fertilizer solution being configured to by fruit power water-soluble fertilizer and water spray blade face 1~
2 times, it is molten using the fertilizer being configured to by 250g fruit power water-soluble fertilizers and 100kg water that every mu of blade face "Hami" melon orchard is sprayed every time
Liquid, spray twice between blade face at intervals of 7d；And every mu of "Hami" melon orchard is used by the sweetened liquid of 250g promoting root growth and 100kg water
The fertilizer solution punching being configured to applies leaching root 1 time；
（5）Field management：Daily irrigation, top dressing and pest management are carried out to "Hami" melon melon seedling；
1. expand period management："Hami" melon grow into fruit expanding period before, in greenhouse daytime keep 28 DEG C, night remains 15
DEG C, into fruit expanding period after carry out temperature-controlled tube reason, and spreaded manuer in holes composite fertilizer according to 10kg/ mus from the 20cm of root in "Hami" melon,
Spray fertilizer mass fraction is 3 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate on "Hami" melon leaf, and 5d stops watering before "Hami" melon harvesting, during which greenhouse
When interior temperature reaches 40 DEG C, by opening the mouth that leaks informaton, divulge information 1.2h；The specific method for expanding temperature control management in period management
For：Into within fruit expanding period latter week, it is 28 DEG C to keep day temperature in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is 16 DEG C, and daily night is used
760nm far red light irradiation "Hami" melon 2.2h；Terminate first 5th day into fruit expanding period latter week to fruit expanding period, protect
It is 30 DEG C to hold day temperature in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is 12 DEG C, and daily night irradiates "Hami" melon with 760nm far red light
2.2h, during which every 2d, before using far red light irradiation "Hami" melon, first dip the bamboo vinegar that mass fraction is 1% with brush
Brush on "Hami" melon surface, then carry out far red light irradiation；Before fruit expanding period terminates in 4d, day temperature is in holding greenhouse
30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 16 DEG C；
2. when the climing fruit setting of melon has egg big, fruit is held with the string bag, sprays one layer of mixed liquor, institute to fruit outer surface daily
Stating mixed liquor includes 60 parts of 10 parts of bamboo vinegar, 20 parts of white sugar, 1 part of heteroauxin and water, every 2 days to foliage-spray plant photosynthesis
Accelerator；"Hami" melon stops watering and fertilising after coming to the ripening period；The string bag is to be worked out by a diameter of 1cm rope,
Rope surface coating is provided with multiple a diameter of 0.1cm through hole by a layer polypropylene acid amides, the rope, using it is preceding should
The string bag, which is placed in wormwood liquid, soaks 25min, and taking-up is dried up with hair-dryer, repeats immersion, drying 3~4 times；In addition, string bag bottom
Provided with least two meches, in the soil of the lower end embedment melon patch of the meche, one layer of Chinese mugwort is sprayed with the meche
Careless liquid.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield, comprises the following steps：
（1）Seeds preprocess：The "Hami" melon seed of selection full seed, which is placed under sunshine, shines 3d, then soaks Hami with clear water
After melon seed 70min, it is placed in 45 DEG C of hot water and soaks 45min, taking-up is put into the bag body equipped with river sand, and bag body is placed in into immersion
7.5h is soaked in liquid, during which handles 18min every 1.5h sonic oscillations, being passed through volume ratio into the soak every 3.5h is
1：2 ozone and the mixed gas of oxygen, after immersion, "Hami" melon seed is taken out from the bag body, by "Hami" melon seed
Constant temperature 24h at 40 DEG C is placed in, then in 70 DEG C of constant temperature 24h, then it is pre- with being obtained after 45w ultra violet lamp "Hami" melon seed 0.9h
"Hami" melon seed after processing；The soak is the alpha-amylase solution that mass fraction is 2%；
（2）Seed seedling-raising：Select carry out nursery the afternoon of early Febuary, the seedling medium of configuration is fitted into seedlings nursing plate, by step
（1）In seedlings nursing plate, after planting thickness of earth covering is 1.0cm, and 23 DEG C of warm water are poured after earthing for pretreated "Hami" melon seed sowing
Once, nursery bed temperature keeps 30 DEG C on daytime between nursery stage, and night is kept for 20 DEG C, and nursery 30d obtains Hami melon seedling；The nursery
Matrix is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Decomposed 30 parts of animal wastes, 20 parts of tunning, the bagasse of ocean rudimentary plant
20 parts, 20 parts of crab shell, 20 parts of stalk, 5 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 15 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of EM bacteria agent, 4 parts of ammonium nitrate,
0.5 part of 1.1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 part of glycerine, 0.8 part of magnesium sulfate and quick lime；Its preparation method is：By decomposed animal excreta
Just, the tunning of ocean rudimentary plant, bagasse, crab shell, stalk, plant ash, molasses fermented liquid, wheat bran and EM bacteria agent mixing
It is placed in after uniformly in fermentation tank and is sealed by fermentation 3d, is controlled the temperature of fermentation tank to be no more than 50 DEG C, obtain fermentate, the nitre into fermentate
Sour ammonium, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glycerine, magnesium sulfate, after stirring, quick lime sealing sterilization 16h is admixed, spreads out to dry and produces；
（3）Selection of land site preparation：Selection did not planted the plot of melon sandy loam as melon in 3 years, choosing in the soil on melon ground has
Machine matter content is not less than 1.0%, and soil acidity or alkalinity pH value is 8, is colonized the previous moon, and depth of soil is carried out in melon ground and reaches 30cm
Dig, then by organic fertilizer 1300kg/ mus, dregs of fat 50kg/ mus, composite fertilizer's 25kg/ mus and potassium sulfate 5kg/ mus apply soil
In earth, 18d builds arc greenhouse on the ground in melon before field planting, opens up multiple mouths that leak informaton on greenhouse, the high 2.6m of arc greenhouse, in melon
Dig wide 1.2m, a height of 30cm furrow；
（4）Field planting：9d selects the wide silver grey films of 90cm as covering with ground sheeting on furrow before field planting, during field planting first in each furrow
By spacing in the rows 45cm, plantation density is 800 plants/acre and digs plant hole successively, after Hami melon seedling is planted in each column plant hole successively, will oppose sulphur
Solution after 1500 times of sodium wettable powder dilution agent pours into each plant hole, then will be used for "Hami" melon seed seedling-raising in seedlings nursing plate
Seedling medium is earthed up；After transplanting melon seedling, blade face 2 is sprayed using the fertilizer solution being configured to by fruit power water-soluble fertilizer and water
It is secondary, every mu of blade face "Hami" melon orchard is sprayed every time applies the fertilizer solution being configured to by 290g fruit power water-soluble fertilizers and 118kg water,
Spray twice between blade face at intervals of 10d；And every mu of "Hami" melon orchard uses is matched somebody with somebody by the sweetened liquid of 290g promoting root growth and 115kg water
Manufactured fertilizer solution punching applies leaching root 1 time；
（5）Field management：Daily irrigation, top dressing and pest management are carried out to "Hami" melon melon seedling；
1. expand period management："Hami" melon grow into fruit expanding period before, in greenhouse daytime keep 31 DEG C, night remains 22
DEG C, into fruit expanding period after carry out temperature-controlled tube reason, and spreaded manuer in holes composite fertilizer according to 15kg/ mus from the 35cm of root in "Hami" melon,
Spray fertilizer mass fraction is 3 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate on "Hami" melon leaf, and 10d stops watering before "Hami" melon harvesting, during which big
When temperature of shed reaches 40 DEG C, by opening the mouth that leaks informaton, divulge information 1.8h；The specific method for expanding temperature control management in period management
For：Into within fruit expanding period latter week, it is 30 DEG C to keep day temperature in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is 18 DEG C, and daily night is used
760nm far red light irradiation "Hami" melon 2.8h；Terminate first 5th day into fruit expanding period latter week to fruit expanding period, protect
It is 33 DEG C to hold day temperature in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is 14 DEG C, and daily night irradiates "Hami" melon with 760nm far red light
2.8h, during which every 4d, before using far red light irradiation "Hami" melon, first dip the bamboo vinegar that mass fraction is 1% with brush
Brush on "Hami" melon surface, then carry out far red light irradiation；Before fruit expanding period terminates in 4d, day temperature is in holding greenhouse
33 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 18 DEG C；
2. when the climing fruit setting of melon has egg big, fruit is held with the string bag, sprays one layer of mixed liquor, institute to fruit outer surface daily
Stating mixed liquor includes 80 parts of 20 parts of bamboo vinegar, 30 parts of white sugar, 3 parts of heteroauxin and water, every 4 days to foliage-spray plant photosynthesis
Accelerator；"Hami" melon stops watering and fertilising after coming to the ripening period；The string bag is to be worked out by a diameter of 1cm rope,
Rope surface coating is provided with multiple a diameter of 0.2cm through hole by a layer polypropylene acid amides, the rope, using it is preceding should
The string bag, which is placed in wormwood liquid, soaks 30min, and taking-up is dried up with hair-dryer, repeats immersion, drying 3~4 times；In addition, string bag bottom
Provided with least two meches, in the soil of the lower end embedment melon patch of the meche, one layer of Chinese mugwort is sprayed with the meche
Careless liquid.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield, comprises the following steps：
（1）Seeds preprocess：The "Hami" melon seed of selection full seed is placed in 2.3~3d of solarization under sunshine, is then soaked with clear water
After steeping 60~65min of "Hami" melon seed, 37~42min of immersion in 42~44 DEG C of hot water is placed in, taking-up is put into the bag equipped with river sand
In body, bag body is placed in 6.8~7.2h of immersion in soak, during which handles 16~17min every 1.5h sonic oscillations, every
3.5h is passed through volume ratio into the soak as 1：2 ozone and the mixed gas of oxygen, after immersion, from the bag body
Middle taking-up "Hami" melon seed, is placed in constant temperature 24h at 40 DEG C, then in 70 DEG C of constant temperature 24h, then with 37~42w by "Hami" melon seed
0.7~0.8h of ultra violet lamp "Hami" melon seed after obtain pretreated "Hami" melon seed；The soak is quality point
Number is 2% alpha-amylase solution；
（2）Seed seedling-raising：Select carry out nursery the afternoon of early Febuary, the seedling medium of configuration is fitted into seedlings nursing plate, by step
（1）The sowing of pretreated "Hami" melon seed is in seedlings nursing plate, and after planting thickness of earth covering is 0.8~0.9cm, pour 21 after earthing~
Once, nursery bed temperature keeps 27~29 DEG C on daytime to 23 DEG C of warm water between nursery stage, and night is kept for 18~20 DEG C, 26~29d of nursery
Obtain Hami melon seedling；The seedling medium is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Decomposed 22~28 parts of animal wastes, ocean are low etc.
12~18 parts of 12~18 parts of tunning, the bagasse of plant, 12~18 parts of crab shell, 12~18 parts of stalk, plant ash 3.5~
4.5 parts, 12~14 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 12~14 parts of wheat bran, 1.5~2 parts of EM bacteria agent, 2~3 parts of ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
0.2~0.5 part of 0.6~1.0 part, 0.02~0.04 part of glycerine, 0.4~0.7 part of magnesium sulfate and quick lime；Its preparation method is：
By decomposed animal wastes, the tunning of ocean rudimentary plant, bagasse, crab shell, stalk, plant ash, molasses fermented liquid, wheat bran
1.5~2.5d of sealing and fermenting in fermentation tank is placed in after being well mixed with EM bacteria agent, controls the temperature of fermentation tank to be no more than 50 DEG C, obtains
Fermentate, ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glycerine, magnesium sulfate into fermentate, after stirring, admix quick lime sealing sterilization
13~15h, spreads out to dry and produces；
（3）Selection of land site preparation：Selection did not planted the plot of melon sandy loam as melon in 3 years, choosing in the soil on melon ground has
Machine matter content is not less than 1.0%, and soil acidity or alkalinity pH value is 7.2~7.8, is colonized the previous moon, and it is deep that soil is carried out in melon ground
Spend digging up to 26~29cm, then by 1100~1200kg/ of organic fertilizer mus, 40~45kg/ of dregs of fat mus, composite fertilizer 18~
During 22kg/ mus and potassium sulfate 3~5kg/ mus are manured into soil, 13~17d is on melon ground construction arc greenhouse, greenhouse before field planting
Multiple mouths that leak informaton are opened up, the high 1.8~2.3m of arc greenhouse, dig a width of 0.9~1.2m, a height of 22~28cm furrow in melon；
（4）Field planting：6~8d selects the wide silver grey films of 75~85cm as covering with ground sheeting on furrow before field planting, first exists during field planting
42~45cm of spacing in the rows is pressed in each furrow, plantation density is 750~800 plants/acre and digs plant hole successively, and Hami melon seedling is planted every successively
After in avenue system cave, the solution after 1300~1400 times of fenaminosulf wettable powder dilution agent is poured into each plant hole, then by nursery
Seedling medium in disk for "Hami" melon seed seedling-raising is earthed up；After transplanting melon seedling, match somebody with somebody using by fruit power water-soluble fertilizer and water
Manufactured fertilizer solution sprays blade face 1~2 time, sprays every mu of blade face "Hami" melon orchard every time and applies by 260~280g fruit power water
The fertilizer solution that molten fertilizer and 100~118kg water is configured to, spray twice between blade face at intervals of 8~10d；And every mu
"Hami" melon orchard uses the fertilizer solution being configured to by the sweetened liquid of 260~280g promoting root growth and 105~110kg water punching to apply leaching root 1 time；
（5）Field management：Daily irrigation, top dressing and pest management are carried out to "Hami" melon melon seedling；
1. expand period management："Hami" melon grow into fruit expanding period before, in greenhouse daytime keep 28~30 DEG C, night keep
For 18~22 DEG C, into fruit expanding period after carry out temperature-controlled tube reason, and "Hami" melon from 25~30cm of root according to 12~
15kg/ mus are spreaded manuer in holes composite fertilizer, and spray fertilizer mass fraction is 3 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate on "Hami" melon leaf, 6 before "Hami" melon harvesting
~9d stops watering, and when during which canopy temperature reaches 40 DEG C, by opening the mouth that leaks informaton, divulge information 1.3~1.6h；The expanding stage
The specific method of temperature control management is in management：Into within fruit expanding period latter week, it is 28~30 to keep day temperature in greenhouse
DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 17~18 DEG C, and daily night irradiates 2.3~2.6h of "Hami" melon with 760nm far red light；It is swollen into fruit
Big phase in latter week terminates first 5th day to fruit expanding period, and it is 30~32 DEG C to keep day temperature in greenhouse, nocturnal temperature 12
~13 DEG C, daily night irradiates 2.2~2.6h of "Hami" melon with 760nm far red light, during which every 2~3d, using remote red
Before outer light irradiation "Hami" melon, bamboo vinegar brushing that mass fraction is 1% first is dipped on "Hami" melon surface with brush, then carry out remote red
Outer light irradiation；Before fruit expanding period terminates in 4d, it is 30~32 DEG C to keep day temperature in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is 16~17
℃；
2. when the climing fruit setting of melon has egg big, fruit is held with the string bag, sprays one layer of mixed liquor, institute to fruit outer surface daily
Stating mixed liquor included 65~75 parts of 12~18 parts of bamboo vinegar, 22~27 parts of white sugar, 2~3 parts of heteroauxin and water, every 2~3 days
To foliage-spray plant photosynthesis promoter；"Hami" melon stops watering and fertilising after coming to the ripening period；The string bag is by a diameter of
1cm rope is worked out, and the rope surface coating is provided with multiple a diameter of 0.15 by a layer polypropylene acid amides, the rope
~0.2cm through hole, 26~29min is soaked using the preceding string bag is placed in wormwood liquid, taking-up is dried up with hair-dryer, repeats to soak
Bubble, drying 3~4 times；In addition, string bag bottom is provided with least two meches, the lower end of the meche is embedded in the soil of melon patch,
One layer of wormwood liquid is sprayed with the meche.
In summary, the invention provides a kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield, it passes through to "Hami" melon seed
Pre-processed, pre- preventing disease and pest, improve "Hami" melon nursery survival rate, and configure it is nutritious, there is sterilization and disinfestation effect
Soil conditioner and insect repellant solution, plus reasonable, science field management method, obtain short growth and maturity cycle, thin skin, size
Homogeneous "Hami" melon, and yield is high, dehiscent fruit is few, its sugar content is up to more than 23.6%.
The preferred embodiment of invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, all spirit in the present invention
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Seeds preprocess：The "Hami" melon seed of selection full seed is placed in 2~3d of solarization under sunshine, is then soaked with clear water
After 55~70min of "Hami" melon seed, 35~45min of immersion in 41~45 DEG C of hot water is placed in, taking-up is put into the bag body equipped with river sand
In, bag body is placed in 6.5~7.5h of immersion in soak, during which 15~18min is handled every 1.5h sonic oscillations, every 3.5h
Volume ratio is passed through into the soak as 1：2 ozone and the mixed gas of oxygen, after immersion, taken from the bag body
Go out "Hami" melon seed, "Hami" melon seed is placed in constant temperature 24h at 40 DEG C, then in 70 DEG C of constant temperature 24h, then the purple with 35~45w
Pretreated "Hami" melon seed is obtained after 0.6~0.9h of outer light irradiation "Hami" melon seed；
Seed seedling-raising：Select carry out nursery the afternoon of early Febuary, the seedling medium of configuration is fitted into seedlings nursing plate, by step（1）
In seedlings nursing plate, after planting thickness of earth covering is 0.8~1.0cm, and 20~23 are poured after earthing for pretreated "Hami" melon seed sowing
Once, nursery bed temperature keeps 26~30 DEG C on daytime between nursery stage, and night is kept for 18~20 DEG C, and 25~30d of nursery is obtained for DEG C warm water
To Hami melon seedling；
（3）Selection of land site preparation：Selection did not planted the plot of melon sandy loam as melon in 3 years, choosing in the soil on melon ground has
Machine matter content is not less than 1.0%, and soil acidity or alkalinity pH value is 7~8, is colonized the previous moon, and depth of soil is carried out in melon ground and is reached
25~30cm's digs, then by 1000~1300kg/ of organic fertilizer mus, 35~50kg/ of dregs of fat mus, composite fertilizer's 15~25kg/ mus
And during potassium sulfate 2~5kg/ mus are manured into soil, 12~18d builds arc greenhouse on the ground in melon before field planting, is opened up on greenhouse more
The individual mouth that leaks informaton, the high 1.6~2.6m of arc greenhouse, dig a width of 0.8~1.2m, a height of 20~30cm furrow in melon；
（4）Field planting：5~9d selects the wide silver grey films of 70~90cm as covering with ground sheeting on furrow before field planting, first exists during field planting
40~45cm of spacing in the rows is pressed in each furrow, plantation density is 700~800 plants/acre and digs plant hole successively, and Hami melon seedling is planted every successively
After in avenue system cave, the solution after 1200~1500 times of fenaminosulf wettable powder dilution agent is poured into each plant hole, then by nursery
Seedling medium in disk for "Hami" melon seed seedling-raising is earthed up；
（5）Field management：Daily irrigation, top dressing and pest management are carried out to "Hami" melon melon seedling；
1. expand period management："Hami" melon grow into fruit expanding period before, in greenhouse daytime keep 28~31 DEG C, night keep
For 15~22 DEG C, into fruit expanding period after carry out temperature-controlled tube reason, and "Hami" melon from 20~35cm of root according to 10~
15kg/ mus are spreaded manuer in holes composite fertilizer, and spray fertilizer mass fraction is 3 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate on "Hami" melon leaf, 5 before "Hami" melon harvesting
~10d stops watering, and when during which canopy temperature reaches 40 DEG C, by opening the mouth that leaks informaton, divulge information 1.2~1.8h；
2. when the climing fruit setting of melon has egg big, fruit is held with the string bag, sprays one layer of mixed liquor, institute to fruit outer surface daily
Stating mixed liquor included 60~80 parts of 10~20 parts of bamboo vinegar, 20~30 parts of white sugar, 1~3 part of heteroauxin and water, every 2~4 days
To foliage-spray plant photosynthesis promoter；"Hami" melon stops watering and fertilising after coming to the ripening period.
A kind of 2. cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（1）, institute
It is the alpha-amylase solution that mass fraction is 2% to state soak.
A kind of 3. cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（2）, institute
Seedling medium is stated to be made up of the raw material of following parts by weight：Decomposed 20~30 parts of animal wastes, the tunning of ocean rudimentary plant
10~20 parts, 10~20 parts of bagasse, 10~20 parts of crab shell, 10~20 parts of stalk, 3~5 parts of plant ash, molasses fermented liquid 10~
15 parts, 10~15 parts of wheat bran, 1~2 part of EM bacteria agent, 1~4 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.5~1.1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glycerine 0.01~
0.1~0.5 part of 0.05 part, 0.3~0.8 part of magnesium sulfate and quick lime；Its preparation method is：Decomposed animal wastes, ocean is low
It is well mixed Deng the tunning of plant, bagasse, crab shell, stalk, plant ash, molasses fermented liquid, wheat bran and EM bacteria agent rearmounted
In fermentation tank be sealed by fermentation 1~3d, control fermentation tank temperature be no more than 50 DEG C, obtain fermentate, into fermentate ammonium nitrate,
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, glycerine, magnesium sulfate, after stirring, quick lime sealing 12~16h of sterilization is admixed, spreads out to dry and produces.
A kind of 4. cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（4）, move
After planting melon seedling, blade face is sprayed 1~2 time using the fertilizer solution being configured to by fruit power water-soluble fertilizer and water, it is every to spray blade face every time
The fertilizer solution being configured to by 250~290g fruit power water-soluble fertilizers and 100~118kg water is applied in mu "Hami" melon orchard, is sprayed twice
Apply between blade face at intervals of 7~10d；And every mu of "Hami" melon orchard use by the sweetened liquid of 250~290g promoting root growth and 100~
The fertilizer solution punching that 115kg water is configured to applies leaching root 1 time.
A kind of 5. cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（5）, institute
State and expand the specific method of temperature control management in period management and be：Into within fruit expanding period latter week, day temperature in greenhouse is kept
For 28~30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 16~18 DEG C, and daily night irradiates 2.2~2.8h of "Hami" melon with 760nm far red light；Enter
Enter and terminate first 5th day to fruit expanding period in fruit expanding period latter week, it is 30~33 DEG C to keep day temperature in greenhouse, night
Temperature is 12~14 DEG C, and daily night irradiates 2.2~2.8h of "Hami" melon with 760nm far red light, during which every 2~4d,
Using far red light irradiate "Hami" melon before, first with brush dip mass fraction be 1% bamboo vinegar brushing on "Hami" melon surface, then
Carry out far red light irradiation；Before fruit expanding period terminates in 4d, it is 30~33 DEG C to keep day temperature in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is
16~18 DEG C.
A kind of 6. cultural method for improving "Hami" melon yield according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：In step（5）, institute
The string bag is stated to be worked out by a diameter of 1cm rope, the rope surface coating is set on the rope by a layer polypropylene acid amides
There is multiple a diameter of 0.1~0.2cm through hole, the string bag is placed in wormwood liquid 25~30min of immersion using preceding, take out with blowing
Blower fan dries up, and repeats immersion, drying 3~4 times；In addition, string bag bottom is provided with least two meches, the lower end of the meche
It is embedded in the soil of melon patch, one layer of wormwood liquid is sprayed with the meche.
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| CN108555019A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-09-21 | 西南科技大学 | Restorative procedure of the arbuscular mycorrhiza-Alfalfa homobium to cadmium pollution soil |
| CN109169041A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-11 | 许发平 | A kind of cultural method of muskmelon |
| CN109169040A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-11 | 许发平 | The cultural method of high yield, high-quality muskmelon |
| CN109169042A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-11 | 许发平 | A kind of implantation methods improving muskmelon yield and quality |
| CN112166734A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-05 | 海南富友种苗有限公司 | Method for soaking and sterilizing seeds of Hami melons |
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Application publication date: 20171212 |
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