CN105706708A - Method for breeding longya lilium seed balls by utilizing longya lilium scales - Google Patents
Method for breeding longya lilium seed balls by utilizing longya lilium scales Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding longya lilium seed balls by utilizing longya lilium scales. Methods for cultivating and breeding in a greenhouse type rain sheltering mode, in a film lamination mode and in a mode of reducing temperature via a greenhouse cover sunshade net in summer are adopted. The method comprises selection of longya lilium scale seeds, selection of a breeding base and breeding cultivation, wherein the breeding cultivation comprises treatment of the breeding base, sowing of the longya lilium scale seeds, and planting management. The method for sowing the longya lilium scale seeds comprises the following steps: planting the longya lilium scale seeds in a wide/narrow row mode, controlling the tips of stems of longya lilium seed pieces planted on trench surfaces of the breeding base to be obliquely upward, covering the longya lilium seed pieces with cultivation substrate materials, and then flattening the trench surfaces. By virtue of a longya lilium organic cultivation substrate, seed balls can be achieved within a year, the rate of vertical stalk plants exceeds 80 percent, and a single ball is about 30 to 60g weight; the breeding coefficient and the efficiency are high, a traditional seedling cultivation period of two to three years is shorten into one year, and the plantation cost of longya lilium is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the lily culture method of agricultural plant cultivation field, particularly a kind of method utilizing Lilium longiflorum scale to breed Lilium longiflorum kind ball.
Background technology:
Bulbus Lilii is Liliaceae lilium (formal name used at school: Lilium) perennial herb plant bulbs.Lilium longiflorum is one of big main breed of China three, has long enjoyed a good reputation, be eat, famous-particular-excellent kind in medicinal, bird watching, be also the best kind of nutritive value.Its bulb is spherical in shape, transverse diameter 2～2.4 centimetres, scale lanceolar, white, be yellow-white or slightly band is pink when tanning by the sun.Content of starch is high, and nutritious, lightly seasoned not bitter, the aerial stem of plant is high about 90～120 centimetres, and leaf is scattered, lanceolar.Flower milky has fragrance, and its bulb edible is held concurrently medicinal.Recording according to medicine ancient books and records " Medical Treasures of the Golden Chamber ", Compendium of Material Medica, " Chinese Pharmacopoeia ", Bulbus Lilii has nourishing the lung to arrest cough, mind tranquilizing and the heart calming, reason spleen stomach invigorating, invigorating the spleen and replenishing QI, profit defecation, solves the effect such as innominate toxic swelling and hemostasis.Modern medicine study proves, human body cell mitosis is had obvious inhibitory action by colchicine that Bulbus Lilii contains, Demecolcine etc., it is suppressed that cancerous cell and acute gout etc., all has obvious curative effects.Bulbus Lilii can also refine the medicine such as glucose and quinine.Its bulb head is big, length of a film, meat thickness, excess of the heart, color and luster are white, taste good, nutritious, drug effect is obvious, detect through Jiangxi measuring station, water content 65% in every hectogram Bulbus Lilii, carbon aquation is containing thing 23.8%, total dietary fiber 5.9%, wherein pectin 4.8%, protein 4%, fat 0.1%, moisture 1.1%, calcium 0.9%, ferrum 0.09%, heat 132 kilocalories.Therefore, Bulbus Lilii is the green health care food integrating food, medicine.
Along with improving constantly of people's living standard, Bulbus Lilii makes the continuous growth of consumption, the price of Bulbus Lilii is also constantly high, therefore, the production of Bulbus Lilii cultivation is increasingly subject to people's attention, as Chinese patent notification number be CN105075619A " a kind of lily culture selection " it include 1) select well-drained sandy soil, 2) plantation, 3) field management, prophase management and final-period management, 4) gather；The Bulbus Lilii seed of plantation is carried out detoxification treatment simultaneously, to reduce the insect pest damage to seed, improve the quality of Bulbus Lilii.But above-mentioned lily culture selection mainly solve Bulbus Lilii can not the problem of continuous cropping, the poky situation simultaneously for Bulbus Lilii can not be solved preferably.
Lilium longiflorum is called " south Radix Ginseng ", " in food treasure " by people.At present, China does not have scale Lilium longiflorum kind ball production base, and Lilium longiflorum group training detoxic seedling is currently also only in the scientific research and testing stage.The Production of Large Fields of existing Bulbus Lilii mostly adopts traditional scale raising technology; next year is only capable of generation 1～2 strain basal leaf Seedling; rarely cane Seedling occurs; the little lepisphere list ball weight of results also only has 5～15g; produced little lepisphere and must be cultivated, through continuous more than 2～3 years, the requirement that can be only achieved lily ball; and breeding potential is low, do not adapt to Lilium longiflorum large-scale production kind source requirement.And the production scale of lily ball is long, far from the production needs adapting to reality.
Summary of the invention: the present invention provides a kind of method utilizing Lilium longiflorum scale to breed Lilium longiflorum kind ball, employing booth is taken shelter from rain, overlay film, booth lid sunshade net cooling in summer cultivation mating system, screen including Lilium longiflorum scale kind, breeding base selects, breeding is cultivated, use Lilium longiflorum organic culture substrate, take full advantage of organic such as stalk resource, reach a year's harvest kind ball, vertical stalk strain rate reaches more than 80%, and list ball heavily has about 30～60g, breeding coefficient, efficiency is high, growing-seedling period was shortened to 1 year by traditional 2～3 years, it is greatly saved Lilium longiflorum planting cost.
A kind of method utilizing Lilium longiflorum scale to breed Lilium longiflorum kind ball of the present invention, employing booth is taken shelter from rain, overlay film, booth lid sunshade net cooling in summer cultivation mating system, carry out breeding kind of a ball using Lilium longiflorum scale as kind of sheet, screen including Lilium longiflorum scale kind, breeding base selects, breeding is cultivated, and the cultivation of its described breeding includes the process in breeding base, the sowing of Lilium longiflorum scale kind and Planting management；The process in described breeding base is to carry out breeding base turning over for several times wholely, bedding of ditching, and shines hargil earth, executes base fertilizer and mixes thoroughly with soil, before sowing, soil disinfection being processed；Described lily bud scale kind is sowed, including sowing time and sowing Lilium longiflorum scale kind method, controlling the sowing time is before and after the beginning of autumn then in 10 consecutive days, described sowing lily bud scale kind method is to adopt width, narrow row mode to plant Lilium longiflorum scale kind, the Lilium longiflorum kind sheet stem apex end controlling to plant on furrow face, breeding base is oblique upward, then it is covered on Lilium longiflorum kind sheet with cultivation base material, finally covers remaining hack, smooth furrow face again.
Cultivation base material component of the present invention composition is by volume for making compost compound: fine sand: burnt dust-ashes: the mixing of the peat composed of rotten mosses=3:1:2:2；Described compound of making compost includes organic particle, organic oil cake particle and Biological water microbial inoculum and is prepared from water mixing after fermentation, and the described peat composed of rotten mosses is that plant ash can be commercially available.
Lilium longiflorum scale kind of the present invention screening includes Lilium longiflorum ball bulb kind and selects and the sorting of Lilium longiflorum kind sheet；Described Lilium longiflorum ball bulb selects to be select before sowing 10-20 days, Lilium longiflorum plant seedling not extremely, without the Lilium longiflorum ball bulb of pest and disease damage Yu damage, control quality >=250 gram of single Lilium longiflorum ball bulb as Bulbus Lilii ball bulb kind；The sorting of described Lilium longiflorum scale kind is that what to peel described Lilium longiflorum ball bulb kind is Lilium longiflorum scale kind without scab and rotten, control the length of a film 3.5～5.0cm of described each Lilium longiflorum scale kind, wide 1.2～the 1.6cm of sheet, sheet thickness 0.10～0.13cm, more than monolithic quality 2g.
The preferred described breeding base of the present invention selects, and the elevation selecting breeding base is 600～1200m, sand hillside fields, not hydrops, soil layer is deep, fertile, loose, physicochemical character is good, and controls soil pH at 5.5-7.0；The shade rate controlling described breeding base is 30-50%, or canopy density are 0.5-0.7.
The present invention is covered in the thickness 2～3cm on Lilium longiflorum kind sheet it is preferred that control cultivation base material, then covers remaining hack 1～2cm.
Biological water microbial inoculum of the present invention is the raw flora of breast and/or actinomycete agent；Control living bacteria count in Biological water microbial inoculum 5-20 hundred million/gram.
Planting management of the present invention includes the temperature and humidity management to breeding spot, controls the temperature in greenhouse chamber or in overlay film and is 15-25 DEG C, and humidity is that field capacity is at 80%-85%.
Planting management of the present invention also includes preventing Bulbus Lilii Seedling senilism, it is when the middle and late growth stage Lilium longiflorum blade shoals jaundice, with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that mass concentration is 0.5%-1.2%, Bulbus Lilii Seedling drip irrigation is used, or carry out foliage spray with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that mass concentration is 0.2%-0.3%.
Planting management of the present invention also includes the control Seedling to Lilium longiflorum Seedling and manages, and is when Lilium longiflorum Seedling grows tall to 15-20cm, every 667m2The potassium dihydrogen phosphate that breeding spot mass concentration is 15% 20-30 gram of+0.2-0.3% of paclobutrazol is watered the 50-60 kilogram of solution made, to Lilium longiflorum Seedling in every day at dusk time spray, even sprinkling 2～3 times.
The present invention adopts such scheme and the quick breeding method of Lilium longiflorum scale substrate, adopt Lilium longiflorum cultivation matrix to add to make compost compound such as organic matter material and include such as rape stalk, grass stalk, Biological water microbial inoculums etc. are as producing cultivation matrix, take full advantage of organic stalk resource, turn waste into wealth, trophic structure is reasonable, it is beneficial to Lilium longiflorum seedling plants to absorb, reach a year's harvest kind ball, the stem stalk height of seedling of next year reaches more than 50, vertical stalk strain rate reaches more than 80%, and list ball heavily has about 30～60g, breeding coefficient is higher, reproductive efficiency is high, by growing-seedling period by tradition scale lining method within 2～3 years, shorten to 1 year, it is greatly saved Bulbus Lilii or Lilium longiflorum planting cost, improve the feature of planting benefit, Lilium longiflorum industrialization can be met, large-scale planting kind of a demand.
Detailed description of the invention: the invention will be further described below in conjunction with instantiation.
Each material of the present invention all by commercially available acquisition, or can be prepared by art methods.
The method that a kind of Lilium longiflorum scale of the present invention breeds Lilium longiflorum kind ball, employing booth is taken shelter from rain, overlay film, booth lid sunshade net cooling in summer cultivation mating system, screening including lily bud scale kind, breeding base selects, and breeding is cultivated, carry out breeding kind of a ball using lily bud scale as kind of sheet, the process in described breeding base is to carry out breeding base turning over for several times wholely, bedding of ditching, and shines hargil earth, execute base fertilizer and mix thoroughly with soil, before sowing, soil disinfection being processed；The sowing of described Bulbus Lilii kind sheet includes sowing time and sowing Bulbus Lilii kind sheet method, controlling the sowing time is before and after the beginning of autumn then in 10 consecutive days, described sowing lily bud scale kind method is to adopt width, narrow row mode to plant lily bud scale kind, the Bulbus Lilii kind sheet stem apex end controlling to plant on furrow face, breeding base is oblique upward, then it is covered on Bulbus Lilii kind sheet with cultivation base material, the last remaining hack of covering again, smooth furrow face.
Specifically carry out as follows.
1, breeding base selects, the present invention carries out cultivation explanation using the cultivation of Lilium longiflorum as embodiment, Lilium longiflorum scale breeds kind of a ball base, select the planting base of 600～1200 meters above sea level, sandy loam hillside fields, the higher not easily hydrops of physical features, soil layer are deep, fertile, loose, physicochemical character is good, control soil pH 5.5～7.0, require base to get sun half a day the good soil of cloudy ecological environments of the mountain area half a day simultaneously.
Cultivation base material be prepared by described each component by volume for making compost compound: fine sand: burnt dust-ashes: the mixing of the peat composed of rotten mosses=3:1:2:2；Described compound of making compost includes organic particle, organic oil cake particle and Biological water microbial inoculum and is prepared from water mixing after fermentation.Described organic particle be rape stalk and or Caulis et Folium Oryzae be broken into the particle of segment, burnt dust-ashes is the burnt dust-ashes that existing rural area is conventional, it is about to the long soil having grass and burns baking one-tenth, the organic oil cake that described organic withered broken cake can be several is mixed into after pulverizing, the mixing after pulverizing such as Brassica campestris L oil cake, paulownia CHAKUBING etc..Biological water microbial inoculum is such by being commercially available such as HM microbial inoculum etc.；Control in water microbial inoculum the living bacteria count of strain 5-20 hundred million/gram；
2, namely the screening of lily bud scale kind includes kind of ball bulb selection and excavates fortune storage requirement
Before lily bud scale kind is sowed about 15 days, select have the typical character of Lilium longiflorum kind, yielding ability is good, strong stress resistance, commodity are good, not dead Seedling, usually at the beginning of 7 months not yet dead Seedling Bulbus Lilii, without disease pest, mechanical is hindered, and cultivation is not used the Bulbus Lilii ball bulb of carbamide, compound fertilizer, plant growth regulator, the single Lilium longiflorum bulb focusing on more than 250 grams makes kind of a ball.Requiring that cool place, breeding base vacant room is transported in the kind ball sunshade on the same day excavated, it is dirt floor that this room requires, it is impossible to cement flooring, tile floor, and when kind ball is piled up by the centre of sphere upwards, the ball root and stem of certain plants is downward, and height is less than 25.Should not excavate when fine day, rainy day or soil should be selected not dry and comfortable when noting excavating kind of ball.
Even lily bud scale kind Screening Treatment makes kind of sheet process, select outer 1～3 layer of scale of bulb, meet Lilium longiflorum one-level to two grades of scale requirements, and be used as kind of a sheet without scab and rotten.Following table is shown in Lilium longiflorum scale kind sheet classification, and unit is cm, table 1.
Table 1 Lilium longiflorum scale kind sheet hierarchical table,
Illustrating, selecting healthy and strong anosis kind of ball, ecto-entad peels the scale of more than 2g successively.Its method is gently with the horizontal narrow-necked earthen jar of little bamboo knife firmly, is sure not to weigh wounded and breaks kind of a sheet, controls each lily bud scale kind with yellow bulb basal disc, and the Lilium longiflorum scale kind taken off is in time with the 95% hymexazol wettable powder of 1000 times+bis-gill-GGR-6 root-inducing powder 30 kg-1(being commercially available).Solution soaks 30 minutes, takes out and can broadcast sheet after slightly drying, should not put for a long time, control every 667m2Land for growing field crops kind Lilium longiflorum scale kind is about 130kg～150kg.
3, land for growing field crops prepares before broadcasting sheet,
The process of fertilizer that land for growing field crops is used and the selection of base manure,
During High-Temperature Composting: every 667m2Prepare pigs and cattle excrement 1000kg～1500kg, cake-shaped rape seed dregs cake 100kg.The ground grading selecting physical features higher carries out fermented manure；Oil cake ferments: by every 667m2Prepare 50kg cake-shaped rape seed dregs cake to topdress；Cake fertilizer is smashed employment domestic animals manure or sewage and soaks compost to heating, then be stored in indoor or cover film is airtight.
The whole ground bedding in breeding base: starting to turn over before 15 days from the sowing of Lilium longiflorum kind sheet, tilth of digging requires 20cm～23cm.Trench digging bedding, furrow height 23cm, furrow width 1m, the long 10m of furrow, furrow furrow width 40cm, paddy field should be opened relatively deep middle ditch and be enclosed ditch.Accomplishing that ditch ditch communicates, flat smooth, rain not accumulated water, and rain stops namely doing；Shine hargil earth after turning over, after weeds germination, pick up most grass roots when herbicide spraying or cultivated rake again, repeatedly turn over even 2～3 times, smash soil.
Basal dressing: should start whole ground basal dressing in early July, deep ploughs in conjunction with whole, every 667m2Execute the pigs and cattle excrement 1000kg～1500kg fully become thoroughly decomposed, cake-shaped rape seed dregs cake 100kg.And make it fully mix thoroughly with soil when repeatedly turning over.
Soil disinfection: broadcast first 10 days and combine mellow soil of turning over down for the last time, control every 667m2Uniformly being sprinkled into Calx 75kg～90kg, last furrow face is made turtleback shape.
Broadcast sheet and the sowing of Lilium longiflorum scale kind,
The Lilium longiflorum scale kind sowing time: control before and after the beginning of autumn then 10 days, namely should carry out before July 15 to August 5, broadcast the sheet time for the best.Sowing is Lilium longiflorum scale washiness early, perishable, becomes kind of rate low, and late, vertical rod rate is low, does not reach a year's harvest kind purpose in sowing.
Lilium longiflorum scale kind type of seeding: the Lilium longiflorum scale kind that will process through kind of sheet, loads container gently and sows to the edge of a field.Adopt wide-narrow row planting, by wide row 13.3cm, narrow row 10cm, namely a wide 11.7cm is opened in furrow face every 11.7cm, the seed furrow of deep about 6cm～6.6cm, intersect every 6.6cm and put into two row kind sheets, plant sheet meniscus upward, cover 2～3cm with Lilium longiflorum scale seedling medium hack, cover 1～2cm hack, smooth furrow face again.
, booth arrange and management:
In the breeding base chosen in late Febuary to early March, install greenhouse facility before emerging and become reconciled dropper facility.Booth takes assembled hot galvanized steel pipe plastic film shed, specification: long 60m × wide 8m, rises 3.2m, shoulder height 1.8m, manufactures arch bar, vertical rod with φ 32 × 1.8 thin-wall steel tube, manufactures pull bar with φ 25 × 1.5 thin-wall steel tube, adopts without dripping awning film, and thick 10.Generally build by North and South direction.Surrounding answers removal skirt film, booth two ends not buckle film, allows it ventilate.Water capacity should be maintained at 80～85% and be advisable, if too low attention dripping irrigation water, too high booth of should strengthening ventilates, digs trenches to drain the water away, and broadcasts sheet to equal not lid thin film before emerging.Booth effect is primarily to takes shelter from rain, booth lid sunshade net cooling in summer, it is prevented that disease occurrence injury seedling.
, field management
Weeding after broadcasting sheet: broadcast after sheet covers fine earth and carry out weeding, every 667m immediately2With 50% acetochlor ec or 48% Amchem 70-25 breast 100ml, it is watered even spraying furrow table.
Temperature and humidity management: hot-dry season just during sowing, mid-July to JIUYUE early and middle ten days, booth hides sunshade net cooling namely ensure the shade rate in breeding base be 30～80% or canopy density be 0.5～0.7.And adopting drip irrigation pipe to carry out cooling moisture-retaining, method is to spread a drip irrigation pipe every a line, takes the pressure of switch-mode regulation water, and the span of control of single drip irrigation pipe, within 4 meters, is looked field humidity situation for every 7 days and sprayed water 1～2 time, each 1 hours, cooling moisture-retaining.Covering with ground sheeting is proceeded by mid-November, there is good heat and moisture preserving effect, may advantageously facilitate the little lepisphere of scale germinating and root system, improve stem stalk Seedling incidence rate in next year, overdrying overly moist all can not epiphragma, take off mulch film and the booth teleblem cover time must complete for about 1 week before emerging, be typically in completing on March about 5, otherwise can cause hot and humid hindering Seedling.Field capacity should be maintained at 80～85%, and to prevent rotten of overly moist, dead Seedling of falling ill, overdrying is unfavorable for that clove is formed, seedling early growth.
Seedling management
Frost prevention: during if any frost to transfer skirt film antifreeze night, notices that removal skirt film ventilates daytime.
Impose and urge seed manure: after the neat Seedling of early March, weed out the rank grass, every 667m2Executing the people and animals fecaluria 200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and be watered 2000kg, executed once after 10 days again, secondary, pours in the ranks altogether, notes not contacting seedling as far as possible.Or open shallow ridges, every 667m with spud between wide row2Applying 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 10kg, earthing lid is fertile.
Impose short root seedling fertilizer: by the end of March at the beginning of 4 months, every 667m2With the cake fertilizer 50kg+45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 10kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ditch row replacement or spread fertilizer over the fields in wide row in wide row, combine and remove grass by mud ridging covering.
Early execute strong ball fertile: late April to May, blade went out entirely, every 667m2In time with 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 20kg～25kg, spreading fertilizer over the fields between wide row, ditch cleaning shovels deep gutter immediately, by ditch mud ridging covering plant and fertilizer, accomplishes zanjon height furrow, it is prevented that hot and humid bring out disease, should carry out booth ventilation operation simultaneously.
Later stage prevents senilism
For preventing Lilium longiflorum Seedling senilism, when Bulbus Lilii blade shoals jaundice, can every 667m2It is watered 1500kg～2000kg with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5kg～5kg uniformly to be applied by drip irrigation.Also usable concentration 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out executing foliage fertilizer.
Science weeding
In Lilium longiflorum scale breeding process, the number of times of weeding is more few more good.General late January, before the little lepisphere of scale is not unearthed, burn the weeds of covering, table soil 100～140 milliliters of sprayings of every mu of use 90% acetochlor ec before after planting emerging.Entering and forbid artificial or chemical weed control after May, especially artificial weeding easily injures seedling root, in addition hot and humid causes disease rampant and rising acceleration causes dead Seedling too early, causes the underproduction or extends growing-seedling period.
Control Seedling
Mid-April when height of seedling 15～20 centimetres, 6672Adding 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 15% paclobutrazol 20～30 grams, add water 50～60 kilograms of even spraying, even spray 2～3 prosperous length of secondary control aerial parts, promotes that stem stalk is sturdy, improves resistance against disadvantage, promotes that bulb expands.According to test of many times: the nursery stock internode spraying paclobutrazol becomes close, and plant height shortens nearly 10～15 centimetres, increases production more than 15%.
Ditch cleaning draining
Whole Lilium longiflorum scale breeding process, the particularly first half of the year, it should be noted that the work that digs trenches to drain the water away, accomplish that ditch ditch communicates, and rain is cut off the water dry.
Synthetical prevention pest and disease damage
Lilium longiflorum scale breeds the disease pest of kind of ball mainly to be had: damping-off, gray mold, soft rot, red spider, aphid etc..
Agricultural measures: select disease-resistant breeding；Carry out rice field-upland field rotation；Carry out kind of a sheet sterilization；Before sowing, carry out soil disinfection；Rational close planting；Their early stage is dialled except diseased plant.Ditch cleaning draining, removes weeds, and farming operation carries out at fine day, is sure not to injure plant simultaneously.
Disease prevention and control: prevention should be started from seedling stage.Qi Miaohou, every 10d(days) left and right with 1:1:100 equivalent formula Bordeaux mixture, or hymexazol, good fortune double; two beautiful, can kill, the medicament rotation such as Mancozeb, pyrazoles ether bacterium fat, thiophanate methyl uses.Spy is rainy season, very easily brings out disease, answer running check, it has been found that diseased plant when field humidity is big, carries out reagent spray emphasis prevention and control, can also be applied by medicinal liquid by drip irrigation simultaneously and prevent and treat damping-off in soil.
Pest control: can use the prevention and control such as 5% avilamycin 800 times, or 20% Acetamiprid 700 times, 5% emamectin benzoate 800 times, or 0.5% nimbin 800 times.
, gather
Collecting time: after Great Heat, the aerial stem of plant starts to turn yellow and withers, and selects fine day to excavate, should not excavate when rainy day or soil are not dry and comfortable.
Gather classification: artificial mechanical damage should be reduced when gathering as far as possible, transport indoor in time back, using the healthy bulb of more than 20g as kind of a ball after slightly drying, for Production of Large Fields, it is impossible to make the clove of kind of ball then row training improved variety.
The present invention adds cultivation base material in the cultivation of Lilium longiflorum and is covered on Lilium longiflorum kind sheet, and in cultivation matrix, it is added with organic material such as rape stalk etc. and Biological water microbial inoculum HM microbial inoculum, crop material fermentation temperature can be made quickly to be increased to 60～70 DEG C, make fermentation abundant, and can effectively kill disease to plant, viral and various parasitic ovum and weed seed etc..
The method that the inventive method and existing Lilium longiflorum scale breed Lilium longiflorum kind ball is adopted to compare, as shown in table 2.
Table 2: the inventive method and existing Lilium longiflorum scale breed the method comparison sheet of kind of ball
Note: T1For method for culturing seedlings of the present invention, T2For tradition fossilia dentis mastodi lily bud scale propagation method, basal leaf is thick because not having stem stalk not calculate plant height, stem.
Table 2 is selected at plain boiled water township, Wanzai County, Jiangxi Province, high cities and towns, different location, three, Xian Yuan township is repeated test, it is some time in 2013 sowing, in 2014, method for culturing seedlings of the present invention and tradition fossilia dentis mastodi lily bud scale method for culturing seedlings comparative analysis is carried out in proving ground, observation Lilium longiflorum Seedling growth overall condition, often process zone leader 10m, wide 1.2m, plot area is 12 square metres, randomly draw 30 strains of each community, carry out plant height, stem is thick, single kind of ball weight, the mensuration of vertical stalk strain, calculate plant height, the average that stem is thick, calculate vertical stalk strain rate, the single kind of above ratio of ball weight 30g.Now Lilium longiflorum plant is up to peak, major part Bulbus Lilii plant seedling or green, and Lilium longiflorum kind ball weight reaches the highest about 95%, substantially embodies result of the test.
Adopt the inventive method breeding Lilium longiflorum kind ball as can be seen from Table 2, in identical growth time, namely in 2014, above-mentioned indices compares, Lilium longiflorum scale lining kind ball method of the present invention is compared with traditional scale lining method significant difference, the requirement of Lilium longiflorum kind can be reached anniversary Lilium longiflorum scale lining kind ball method breeding time 1 of the present invention, Lilium longiflorum industrialization can be met, the production requirement of scale, traditional scale lining method then needs the 2-3 year, the inventive method significantly contracting breeding time, Lilium longiflorum planting benefit is greatly improved.
Claims (9)
1. one kind utilizes the method that Lilium longiflorum scale breeds Lilium longiflorum kind ball, adopt booth rain cover or plastic-film-covered cultivation mating system, carry out breeding kind of a ball using Lilium longiflorum scale as kind of sheet, screen including Lilium longiflorum scale kind, breeding base selects, breeding is cultivated, and it is characterized in that the cultivation of described breeding includes the process in breeding base, the sowing of Lilium longiflorum scale kind and Planting management；The process in described breeding base is to carry out breeding base turning over for several times wholely, bedding of ditching, and shines hargil earth, executes base fertilizer and mixes thoroughly with soil, before sowing, soil disinfection being processed；The sowing of described Lilium longiflorum scale kind includes sowing time and sowing Lilium longiflorum scale kind method, controlling the sowing time is before and after the beginning of autumn then in 10 consecutive days, described sowing Lilium longiflorum scale kind method is to adopt width, narrow row mode to plant Lilium longiflorum scale kind, the Lilium longiflorum kind sheet stem apex end controlling to plant on furrow face, breeding base is oblique upward, then it is covered on Lilium longiflorum kind sheet with cultivation base material, the last remaining hack of covering again, smooth furrow face.
2., according to utilizing the method that Lilium longiflorum scale breeds Lilium longiflorum kind ball described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described cultivation base material component composition is by volume for making compost compound: fine sand: burnt dust-ashes: the mixing of the peat composed of rotten mosses=3:1:2:2；Described compound of making compost includes organic particle, organic oil cake particle and Biological water microbial inoculum and is prepared from water mixing after fermentation.
3., according to utilizing the method that Lilium longiflorum scale breeds Lilium longiflorum kind ball described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the screening of described lily bud scale kind includes Bulbus Lilii ball bulb kind and selects and the sorting of lily bud scale kind；Described Lilium longiflorum ball bulb selects to be select before sowing 10-20 days, Bulbus Lilii Seedling not extremely, without the Lilium longiflorum ball bulb of pest and disease damage Yu damage, control quality >=250 gram of single Lilium longiflorum ball bulb as Lilium longiflorum ball bulb kind；The sorting of described Lilium longiflorum scale kind is that what to peel described Lilium longiflorum ball bulb kind is Lilium longiflorum scale kind without scab and rotten, control the length of a film 3.5-5.0cm of described each Lilium longiflorum scale kind, sheet width 1.2-1.6cm, sheet thickness 0.10-0.13cm, more than monolithic quality 2g.
4. according to utilizing the method that Lilium longiflorum scale breeds Lilium longiflorum kind ball described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described breeding base selects, the elevation selecting breeding base is 600-1200m, sand hillside fields, not hydrops, soil layer is deep, fertile, loose, physicochemical character is good, and controls soil pH at 5.5-7；Control the shade rate in described breeding base and be 30-50% or canopy density are 0.5-0.7.
5., according to utilizing the method that Lilium longiflorum scale breeds Lilium longiflorum kind ball described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that controlling cultivation base material is covered in the thickness 2-3cm on Lilium longiflorum kind sheet, then cover remaining hack 1-2cm.
6., according to utilizing the method that lily bud scale breeds lily ball described in claim 2, it is characterized in that described Biological water microbial inoculum is for the raw flora of breast and/or actinomycete agent；Control living bacteria count in Biological water microbial inoculum 5-20 hundred million/gram.
7. according to utilizing the method that Lilium longiflorum scale breeds Lilium longiflorum kind ball described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described Planting management includes the temperature and humidity management to breeding spot, controlling the temperature in greenhouse chamber or in film-covering planting ground and be 35-39 DEG C, humidity is that field capacity is at 80-85%.
8. according to utilizing the method that Lilium longiflorum scale breeds Lilium longiflorum kind ball described in claim 1, it is characterized in that described Planting management also includes preventing Bulbus Lilii Seedling senilism, it is when the middle and late growth stage Lilium longiflorum blade shoals jaundice, with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that mass concentration is 0.5%-1.2%, Bulbus Lilii Seedling drip irrigation is used, or carry out foliage spray with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that mass concentration is 0.2%-0.3%.
9., according to utilizing the method that Lilium longiflorum scale breeds Lilium longiflorum kind ball described in claim 1, it is characterized in that when Lilium longiflorum Seedling grows tall to 15-20cm, every 667m2The potassium dihydrogen phosphate that breeding spot mass concentration is 15% 20-30 gram of+0.2-0.3% of paclobutrazol is watered the 50-60 kilogram of solution made, to Lilium longiflorum Seedling in every day at dusk time spray, even spray 2-3 time.
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