CN103563611A - Planting method for lilies - Google Patents
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- CN103563611A CN103563611A CN201310312923.6A CN201310312923A CN103563611A CN 103563611 A CN103563611 A CN 103563611A CN 201310312923 A CN201310312923 A CN 201310312923A CN 103563611 A CN103563611 A CN 103563611A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for lilies. The planting method comprises the following steps: clearing up a seedbed, sowing seeds, carrying out soil preparation and transplanting; carrying out field management; preventing and treating diseases and pests; harvesting and processing; paving sowing matrix on the seedbed; adding a soil conditioning agent into a large field. When the method is used for planting the lilies, the acre yield of the lilies is high, the quality is good and the plant diseases and insect pests are few.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to your field of planting of Chinese herbal medicine, relate in particular to the implantation methods of lily.
Background technology
Lily is liliaceous plant.Another name: rattlebush, rock lily.Have moisten the lung and relieve the cough, clearing away the heart fire and tranquillizing function.Cure mainly tuberculosis chronic cough, old man's chronic bronchitis, neurasthenia.China's most area all has cultivation.
Wild between hillside sylvan life, roadside and Mountainous Rock.Like and warmly slightly cool and dry weather.Belong to and close heliophobous plant.Early stage and like sunlight mid-term, the preference temperature of growing is 15～25 ℃.Can be drought-resistant, cold-resistant, be afraid of ponding, avoid continuous cropping.With scale, bulb breeding master, be.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the implantation methods of a kind of lily, the method for plantation of the present invention, the output of lily is high, quality better, damage by disease and insect is few.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for achieving the above object:
An implantation methods for lily, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilization
A, gather water in whole ground of nursery is good, fertile deep sand, before whole ground, mu is executed farmyard manure 2500-3000 kilogram, superphosphate 30-40 kilogram, potassium sulphate 10-15 kilogram, plough deeply 25～30 centimetres, rake whole thin, spread the planting matrix of 10-15cm, make the furrow of wide 1-1.2 rice, both sides boiling water ditch, described planting matrix is made by the raw material of following weight portion: coconut shell flour 6-8, diatomite 12-15, brown coal 12-13, chestnut shell powder 8-10, rice straw powder 15-20 becomes thoroughly decomposed, fallen leaves powder 10-12, pyrethroid 3-4, rural area soil 18-20, bagasse 5-7, dregs of beans 10-12, citric acid 2-3, rock wool 10-12, zeolite powder 6-8, potassium sulphate 1-2, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.3, urea 3-4, calcium phosphate 6-8, quicklime 4-5,
B, transplant and select fertile, ventilation, well-drained sandy loam wholely, execute farmyard manure 2000-2500 kilogram for every 667 square metres, join and execute 40-50 kilogram of superphosphate, 10-15 kilogram potassium chloride, 10-12 kilogram of urea, 5-6 kilogram slowly-releasing ammonium sulfate, 4-5 kilogram quicklime, 10-15 kilogram soil conditioner, plough deeply 25-30 centimetre, make the furrow of 1-1.5 rice;
(2) sowing, transplanting
A, grow seedlings: 9～October, select the bulk bulb of anosis stalwartness, cut base portion, peel scale, scale is inserted in whole good seedling furrow by 5 centimetres of distance between rows and hills 10 cm x, compacting, water vola water, furrow cover straw heat and moisture preserving, cuttage is by 18-22 days, from raw 1～2 clove of incision, mu is used 100 kilograms of left and right of scale;
B, transplanting: send out spring in next year the new strain of one-tenth good, through the growth of 1 year, 9～October of autumn dug out from soil, by 6 centimetres of transplantings of distance between rows and hills 15 cm x, carry out field soil sterilization with Trichoderma harzianum before plantation, then transplants land for growing field crops;
(3) field management
The management of a, nursery: after coming up, in time weeding, before May, should shallow hoe, in order to avoid hinder bulb, while growing to envelope row, intertill and clean tillage no longer, large grass removes with hand-lifting;
B, field management
1. intertill and clean tillage: weed a garden, and in conjunction with ridging, prevent that bulb is exposed;
2. fertilising: after blooming, every mu imposes superphosphate 28-32 kilogram, ammonium phosphate 20-25 kilogram, and zinc sulphate 0.2-0.4 kilogram, executes rear earthing, waters;
3. draining in time: ditching, reason ditch, draining in time after rain;
4. pinch: when lily germinates, should retain the strong bud of one spring, all the other are removed, before and after Grain Full in good time, when height of seedling grows to 27-33 centimetre, pluck in time top, after pinching, execute 15 kilograms, urea for every mu, 10 kilograms of slowly-releasing potassium phosphates, simultaneously at the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.2%, 0.1% magnesium sulfate;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: the method for preventing and treating of damping off: pull out diseased plant, burn; Before emerging, spray 1:2:200 bordeaux mixture 1 time, after emerging, spray 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim 2～3 times; With 1000 times of liquid of 40% Rogor, spray or spray biological medicine fertilizer and prevent eliminating aphis;
(5) gather and gather autumn with processing the rear Second Year of transplanting, remove cauline leaf part on the ground, dig out bulb, clean earth, strip scale, with boiling water, scalded, dry or dry.
The preparation method of described slowly-releasing potassium phosphate is:
(1), rock phosphate powder is calcined to 4-5 hour at 550-600 ℃, by the ratio mixing of 10:3-4 in mass ratio of rock phosphate powder, diatomite, add again and be equivalent in phosphate ore grain weight 5-6 water doubly, the dioctyl phthalate of 2-3%, the lauryl sodium sulfate of 1-2%, the cashew nut shell oil of 3-4%, the carboxymethyl cellulose of 3-4%, 3-5% sodium pyrophosphate, with the rotating speed of 1200-1500 rev/min, stir, obtain disperseing suspended emulsion;
(2) dispersion suspended emulsion is sprayed at outside potassium phosphate particle, dries;
(3) again at particle external spraying Blumea oil, in right amount.
The implantation methods of described lily, is characterized in that: described soil conditioner is to be prepared and obtained by following method:
(1) take by weight attapulgite 12-15, copper sulphate 1-2, zinc nitrate 1-3, phosphorus ore slag 10-12, magnesium sulfate 1-2, ferrous sulfate 3-4, sodium molybdate 2-3, superphosphate 8-10, zinc sulphate 2-3, shrimp shell meal 10-12, haydite 1-2, weathered coal 8-10, peat composed of rotten mosses powder 12-15, shitosan 4-6, sepiolite powder 4-6, aluminium vanadine 2-3, quicklime 1-2, cashew nut shell oil 3-4, citric acid 2-3, humic acid potassium 3-4, Silane coupling agent KH550 1-2, water is appropriate;
(2) by aforementioned weight ratio, add suitable quantity of water to mix attapulgite, phosphorus ore slag, haydite, peat composed of rotten mosses powder, aluminium vanadine, cashew nut shell oil, be smelt mud shape, be then pressed into piece, send into 460-500 ℃ of kiln roasting 4-5 hour, cooling after, then be ground into 1-2mm meal; Again micro-fertilizer in copper sulphate, zinc nitrate etc. is added to suitable quantity of water dissolving, join in coarse grain, after fully stirring, then mix with other residual components, fully stir granulation, oven dry.
The preparation method of the biological medicine fertilizer described in during the extermination of disease and insect pest is:
(1) take humic acid potassium 30-50, zinc sulphate 0.1-0.3, copper sulphate 0.1-0.2, borax 0.5-0.8, Herba Anabasis aphyllae alcohol extract 6-9, print chinaberry leaf water extract 3-4, granatum water extract 1-2, capsaicine 0.2-0.4, nano phase ag_2 o 0.1-0.3;
(2) by the above-mentioned material taking, mix and blend is abundant at normal temperatures, makes biological medicine fertilizer.
Beneficial effect
On the top layer, seedbed of putting in order, spread sowing media, make the germination rate of seed high, the growth of seedling speed after germination is fast, and seedling is healthy and strong, and the survival rate of transplanting is high;
On the plot, land for growing field crops choosing, when using sufficient conventional base fertilizer, enriched slow-release fertilizer, soil conditioner, then ploughing deeply, bedding, has guaranteed the seedling of in good time transplanting, and seedling-slowing stage is short, survival rate is high, and the damage by disease and insect incidence in whole vegetative period is low, has improved per mu yield and the quality of the bighead atractylodes rhizome.
Adopt biological medicine fertilizer prevention and elimination of disease and pests, in the time of desinsection, sprayed nutritious fertilizer, the toxicity of medicine fertilizer is little, has guaranteed that the agricultural chemicals of lily is remaining little.
Embodiment
An implantation methods for lily, comprises the following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilization
A, gather water in whole ground of nursery is good, fertile deep sand, before whole ground, mu is executed 2800 kilograms of farmyard manures, 35 kilograms of superphosphate, 12 kilograms of potassium sulphates, plough deeply 28 centimetres, rake whole thin, spread the planting matrix of 14cm, make the furrow of wide 1.2 meters of left and right, both sides boiling water ditch, sowing media is wherein made by the raw material of following weight portion: coconut shell flour 7, diatomite 14, brown coal 11, chestnut shell powder 9, rice straw powder 18 becomes thoroughly decomposed, fallen leaves powder 11, pyrethroid 3, rural area soil 19, bagasse 6, dregs of beans 11, citric acid 2, rock wool 11, zeolite powder 7, potassium sulphate 1, ferrous sulfate 0.1, urea 4, calcium phosphate 8, quicklime 5,
B, transplant and select fertile, ventilation, well-drained sandy loam wholely, execute 2000 kilograms of farmyard manures for every 667 square metres, join and execute 45 kilograms of superphosphate, 12 kilograms of potassium chloride, 10 kilograms of urea, 6 kilograms of slowly-releasing ammonium sulfate, 5 kilograms of quicklimes, 15 kilograms of soil conditioners, plough deeply 30 centimetres, make the furrow of 1.5 meters;
(2) sowing, transplanting
A, grow seedlings: 9～October, select the bulk bulb of anosis stalwartness, cut base portion, peel scale, scale is inserted in whole good seedling furrow by 5 centimetres of distance between rows and hills 10 cm x, compacting, water vola water, furrow cover straw heat and moisture preserving, cuttage was by about 20 days, from raw 1～2 clove of incision, mu is used 100 kilograms of left and right of scale;
B, transplanting: send out spring in next year the new strain of one-tenth good, through the growth of 1 year, 9～October of autumn dug out from soil, by 6 centimetres of transplantings of distance between rows and hills 15 cm x, carry out field soil sterilization with Trichoderma harzianum before plantation, then transplants land for growing field crops;
(3) field management
The management of a, nursery: after coming up, in time weeding, before May, should shallow hoe, in order to avoid hinder bulb, while growing to envelope row, intertill and clean tillage no longer, large grass removes with hand-lifting;
B, field management
1. intertill and clean tillage: weed a garden, and in conjunction with ridging, prevent that bulb is exposed;
2. fertilising: after blooming, every mu imposes 30 kilograms of superphosphate, 24 kilograms, ammonium phosphate, and 0.3 kilogram, zinc sulphate, executes rear earthing, waters;
3. draining in time: ditching, reason ditch, draining in time after rain;
4. pinch: when lily germinates, should retain the strong bud of one spring, all the other are removed, before and after Grain Full in good time, when height of seedling grows to 30 centimetres, pluck in time top, after pinching, execute 15 kilograms, urea for every mu, 10 kilograms of slowly-releasing potassium phosphates, simultaneously at the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.2%, 0.1% magnesium sulfate;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: the method for preventing and treating of damping off: pull out diseased plant, burn; Before emerging, spray 1:2:200 bordeaux mixture 1 time, after emerging, spray 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim 2～3 times; With 1000 times of liquid of 40% Rogor, spray or spray biological medicine fertilizer and prevent eliminating aphis;
(5) gather and gather autumn with processing the rear Second Year of transplanting, remove cauline leaf part on the ground, dig out bulb, clean earth, strip scale, with boiling water, scalded, dry or dry.
The preparation method of slowly-releasing potassium phosphate is:
(1), rock phosphate powder is calcined 4 hours at 580 ℃, by the ratio mixing of 10:3 in mass ratio of rock phosphate powder, diatomite, add again in the water that is equivalent to 5 times of phosphate ore grain weights, 3% dioctyl phthalate, 1% lauryl sodium sulfate, 3% cashew nut shell oil, 4% carboxymethyl cellulose, 4% sodium pyrophosphate, with the rotating speeds of 1400 revs/min, stir, obtain disperseing suspended emulsion;
(2) dispersion suspended emulsion is sprayed at outside potassium phosphate particle, dries;
(3) again at particle external spraying Blumea oil, in right amount.
Earth conditioner is to be prepared and obtained by following method:
(1) by weight (kilogram) to take attapulgite 14, copper sulphate 1, zinc nitrate 2, phosphorus ore slag 11, magnesium sulfate 1, ferrous sulfate 3, sodium molybdate 3, superphosphate 9, zinc sulphate 2, shrimp shell meal 11, haydite 2, weathered coal 9, peat composed of rotten mosses powder 11, shitosan 5, sepiolite powder 5, aluminium vanadine 2, quicklime 1, cashew nut shell oil 3, citric acid 2, humic acid potassium 3, Silane coupling agent KH550 2, water appropriate;
(2) by aforementioned weight ratio, add suitable quantity of water to mix attapulgite, phosphorus ore slag, haydite, peat composed of rotten mosses powder, aluminium vanadine, cashew nut shell oil, be smelt mud shape, be then pressed into piece, send into 500 ℃ of kiln roasting 4-5 hour, cooling after, then be ground into 1-2mm meal; Again micro-fertilizer in copper sulphate, zinc nitrate etc. is added to suitable quantity of water dissolving, join in coarse grain, after fully stirring, then mix with other residual components, fully stir granulation, oven dry.
During the extermination of disease and insect pest, the preparation method of biological medicine fertilizer used is:
(1) by weight (kilogram) take humic acid potassium 40, zinc sulphate 0.1, copper sulphate 0.2, borax 0.6, Herba Anabasis aphyllae alcohol extract 7, print chinaberry leaf water extract 3, granatum water extract 1, capsaicine 0.3, nano phase ag_2 o 0.2;
(2) by the above-mentioned material taking, mix and blend is abundant at normal temperatures, makes biological medicine fertilizer, dilutes 500 times of liquid during use, sprays.
With the inventive method plantation lily and conventional lily implantation methods, contrast, result is as table 1.
Table 1
Utilize as can be seen from Table 1 the lily that above-mentioned complex art is produced to compare with the lily of usual manner production, output improves more than 20% compared with conventional method, and damage by disease and insect reduces, growth product lover.
Claims (4)
1. an implantation methods for lily, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilization
A, gather water in whole ground of nursery is good, fertile deep sand, before whole ground, mu is executed farmyard manure 2500-3000 kilogram, superphosphate 30-40 kilogram, potassium sulphate 10-15 kilogram, plough deeply 25～30 centimetres, rake whole thin, spread the planting matrix of 10-15cm, make the furrow of wide 1-1.2 rice, both sides boiling water ditch, described planting matrix is made by the raw material of following weight portion: coconut shell flour 6-8, diatomite 12-15, brown coal 12-13, chestnut shell powder 8-10, rice straw powder 15-20 becomes thoroughly decomposed, fallen leaves powder 10-12, pyrethroid 3-4, rural area soil 18-20, bagasse 5-7, dregs of beans 10-12, citric acid 2-3, rock wool 10-12, zeolite powder 6-8, potassium sulphate 1-2, ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.3, urea 3-4, calcium phosphate 6-8, quicklime 4-5,
B, transplant and select fertile, ventilation, well-drained sandy loam wholely, execute farmyard manure 2000-2500 kilogram for every 667 square metres, join and execute 40-50 kilogram of superphosphate, 10-15 kilogram potassium chloride, 10-12 kilogram of urea, 5-6 kilogram slowly-releasing ammonium sulfate, 4-5 kilogram quicklime, 10-15 kilogram soil conditioner, plough deeply 25-30 centimetre, make the furrow of 1-1.5 rice;
(2) sowing, transplanting
A, grow seedlings: 9～October, select the bulk bulb of anosis stalwartness, cut base portion, peel scale, scale is inserted in whole good seedling furrow by 5 centimetres of distance between rows and hills 10 cm x, compacting, water vola water, furrow cover straw heat and moisture preserving, cuttage is by 18-22 days, from raw 1～2 clove of incision, mu is used 100 kilograms of left and right of scale;
B, transplanting: send out spring in next year the new strain of one-tenth good, through the growth of 1 year, 9～October of autumn dug out from soil, by 6 centimetres of transplantings of distance between rows and hills 15 cm x, carry out field soil sterilization with Trichoderma harzianum before plantation, then transplants land for growing field crops;
(3) field management
The management of a, nursery: after coming up, in time weeding, before May, should shallow hoe, in order to avoid hinder bulb, while growing to envelope row, intertill and clean tillage no longer, large grass removes with hand-lifting;
B, field management
1. intertill and clean tillage: weed a garden, and in conjunction with ridging, prevent that bulb is exposed;
2. fertilising: after blooming, every mu imposes superphosphate 28-32 kilogram, ammonium phosphate 20-25 kilogram, and zinc sulphate 0.2-0.4 kilogram, executes rear earthing, waters;
3. draining in time: ditching, reason ditch, draining in time after rain;
4. pinch: when lily germinates, should retain the strong bud of one spring, all the other are removed, before and after Grain Full in good time, when height of seedling grows to 27-33 centimetre, pluck in time top, after pinching, execute 15 kilograms, urea for every mu, 10 kilograms of slowly-releasing potassium phosphates, simultaneously at the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of foliage-spray 0.2%, 0.1% magnesium sulfate;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: the method for preventing and treating of damping off: pull out diseased plant, burn; Before emerging, spray 1:2:200 bordeaux mixture 1 time, after emerging, spray 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim 2～3 times; With 1000 times of liquid of 40% Rogor, spray or spray biological medicine fertilizer and prevent eliminating aphis;
(5) gather and gather autumn with processing the rear Second Year of transplanting, remove cauline leaf part on the ground, dig out bulb, clean earth, strip scale, with boiling water, scalded, dry or dry.
2. the implantation methods of lily according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the preparation method of described slowly-releasing potassium phosphate is:
(1), rock phosphate powder is calcined to 4-5 hour at 550-600 ℃, by the ratio mixing of 10:3-4 in mass ratio of rock phosphate powder, diatomite, add again and be equivalent in phosphate ore grain weight 5-6 water doubly, the dioctyl phthalate of 2-3%, the lauryl sodium sulfate of 1-2%, the cashew nut shell oil of 3-4%, the carboxymethyl cellulose of 3-4%, 3-5% sodium pyrophosphate, with the rotating speed of 1200-1500 rev/min, stir, obtain disperseing suspended emulsion;
(2) dispersion suspended emulsion is sprayed at outside potassium phosphate particle, dries;
(3) again at particle external spraying Blumea oil, in right amount.
3. the implantation methods of lily according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described soil conditioner is to be prepared and obtained by following method:
(1) take by weight attapulgite 12-15, copper sulphate 1-2, zinc nitrate 1-3, phosphorus ore slag 10-12, magnesium sulfate 1-2, ferrous sulfate 3-4, sodium molybdate 2-3, superphosphate 8-10, zinc sulphate 2-3, shrimp shell meal 10-12, haydite 1-2, weathered coal 8-10, peat composed of rotten mosses powder 12-15, shitosan 4-6, sepiolite powder 4-6, aluminium vanadine 2-3, quicklime 1-2, cashew nut shell oil 3-4, citric acid 2-3, humic acid potassium 3-4, Silane coupling agent KH550 1-2, water is appropriate;
(2) by aforementioned weight ratio, add suitable quantity of water to mix attapulgite, phosphorus ore slag, haydite, peat composed of rotten mosses powder, aluminium vanadine, cashew nut shell oil, be smelt mud shape, be then pressed into piece, send into 460-500 ℃ of kiln roasting 4-5 hour, cooling after, then be ground into 1-2mm meal; Again micro-fertilizer in copper sulphate, zinc nitrate etc. is added to suitable quantity of water dissolving, join in coarse grain, after fully stirring, then mix with other residual components, fully stir granulation, oven dry.
4. the implantation methods of lily according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the preparation method of described biological medicine fertilizer is:
(1) take humic acid potassium 30-50, zinc sulphate 0.1-0.3, copper sulphate 0.1-0.2, borax 0.5-0.8, Herba Anabasis aphyllae alcohol extract 6-9, print chinaberry leaf water extract 3-4, granatum water extract 1-2, capsaicine 0.2-0.4, nano phase ag_2 o 0.1-0.3;
(2) by the above-mentioned material taking at normal temperatures mix and blend fully make biological medicine fertilizer.
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