CN105027915A - Method for interplanting apocynum venetum and garlic in saline and alkaline land - Google Patents
Method for interplanting apocynum venetum and garlic in saline and alkaline land Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for interplanting apocynum venetum and garlic in a saline and alkaline land. The method comprises the steps of apocynum venetum seedling raising by cutting, apocynum venetum planting in the saline and alkaline land and garlic interplanting. The row spacing of planted apocynum venetum is 70 cm, and the line spacing of the planted apocynum venetum is 60 cm. The garlic interplanting is performed between two lines of apocynum venetum, two lines of garlic seeds are planted, the line spacing of the garlic is 20 cm, the row spacing of the garlic is 13 cm, and the line spacing between the garlic and the nearby apocynum venetum is 20 cm. The method has the advantages that the survival rate of the garlic is remarkably improved to 90.3%, and the garlic yield is increased to 900 kg/mu; the survival rate of the apocynum venetum is improved to 98.7%, and the amount of harvested fresh leaves per mu is 600 jin; soil is effectively improved, the salt content of the soil accounts for 0.16%, the pH value of the soil is 6.6, the ventilating voids of the soil account for 17%, the total nitrogen content of the soil accounts for 0.12%, the rapidly available phosphorus content of the soil is 48 mg/kg, and the rapidly available potassium content of the soil is 470 mg/kg.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in a kind of saline land, belong to saline land biological modification technical field.
Background technology
The production practices of Saline-alkali Field Control in recent years show, " biological alkali control " administers the effective method in saline land.People, by biological control measures such as " Closed fencing, plantation saline alkali tolerant plants ", make the ecotope in improvement region obtain very large improvement.But people also recognize gradually in the process of administering saline land, carry out Saline-alkali Field Control, must fully take into account ecological benefits and combine with economic benefit, otherwise these activities are just difficult to implementation or lasting.
Bluish dogbane, high 1.5-3 rice, general height about 2 meters, resistance to slightly saline and alkaline, tolerant soil pH is 7.8-8.4, and the soil salt content of tolerance is 1.0%, Apocynaceae Apocynum herbaceos perennial.(1) strong adaptability, ecological ampliture is wide, is distributed widely in temperate zone, the Northern Hemisphere and cool temperate zone.The ground such as Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and northeast are mainly distributed in China; (2) stem of Folium Apocyni Veneti hide fiber is pliable and tough, elongated, is rich in gloss, and tool corrosion resistant and resistance to moisture performance, the content of cellulose in numb skin is higher than general crudefiber crop, reaches 71%, fibre percentage 40 ~ 42%.Its fineness and pulling force exceed fine wool, and fiber quality is better than cotton and flax, are weaving and senior paper material, are excellent fibre plants, have the title of wild " king of fiber ".(3) bluish dogbane has high medicinal DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT.Bluish dogbane contains multiple active chemical, as flavonoids, phenols, catechin, glutamic acid etc., have reduce phlegm, cough-relieving, cardiac stimulant, relieving asthma, reducing blood lipid, the effect such as anti-inflammatory and antiallergy.
Garlic, not Salt And Alkali Tolerance, a kind of economic crops of extensive plantation, happiness cools, preference temperature is at-5-26 DEG C, garlic sprouts 4-5 leaf phase tolerance to cold is the strongest, it is optimum seedling age of surviving the winter, the Garlic yield of China accounts for more than 70% of global gross yield, the planting garlic area of China reaches about 700,000 hectares, and account for more than 60% of global planting garlic area, major production base concentrates on Shandong, Henan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Anhui etc., garlic has sterilization, anti-curing oncoma and cancer, numerous effects such as preventing cold, antifatigue etc., anti-solarization are old, antiallergy.
The deficiency existed in existing bluish dogbane and planting garlic technology is as follows:
(1) in the moderate saline-alkali soil of the soil pH tolerated higher than bluish dogbane and salt content, plantation bluish dogbane, survival rate is low, output blade is low, and blade Middle nutrition content of material is low.
(2) garlic not Salt And Alkali Tolerance, almost cannot survive in moderate saline-alkali soil.
(3) in prior art without the report of interplanting bluish dogbane and garlic in saline land.
(4) bluish dogbane plant height is relatively high, and when planting in saline land, the spatial niche below it is not reasonably utilized, and there is the phenomenon of photo-thermal liquid manure resource and land resources waste.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the deficiency solving prior art existence, provides the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in a kind of saline land, to realize following goal of the invention:
(1) adopt the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in saline land of the present invention, significantly improve the survival rate of garlic, the output of garlic, the output of garlic stems;
(2) adopt the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in saline land of the present invention, improve survival rate, output blade, the blade Middle nutrition content of material of bluish dogbane;
(3) adopt the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in saline land of the present invention, reduce soil salt content, pH, basicity, improve water conservation, the permeability of soil, increase Nitrogen In Soils phosphorus potassium content.
for solving the problems of the technologies described above, by the following technical solutions:
An interplanting method for bluish dogbane and garlic in saline land, comprises the cuttage and seedling culture of bluish dogbane, saline land plantation bluish dogbane, interplanting garlic.
Below the further improvement to technique scheme:
Described saline land plantation bluish dogbane, spacing in the rows is 70cm, and line-spacing is 60cm.
Described interplanting garlic, between two row bluish dogbanes, plant two row garlic seeds, the line-spacing of garlic is 20cm, and the line-spacing of garlic and neighbouring bluish dogbane is 20cm.
Described interplanting garlic, in the middle of two row bluish dogbanes, dig two row plant narrow ditch, ditch depth 10cm, furrow width 15cm, in narrow ditch, plant the seed of garlic, the spacing in the rows of garlic is 13cm.
The cuttage and seedling culture of described bluish dogbane, by the lower end of cuttage branch take root in nutrient solution soak 30 minutes, the mass ratio of nutrient solution of taking root is: 6-benzyl aminopurine 1 part, rice vinegar 0.5 part, 2 parts, amino acid, fulvic acid 3 parts, ergometrine 4 parts, bamboo vinegar 5 parts, inositol 4 parts, 3 parts, folic acid.
The cuttage and seedling culture of described bluish dogbane, choosing wild venetum stem culm base diameter is the branch of 0.3cm, and the stem stalk of the long 12cm of clip is used as cutting.
The soil regime in described saline land is: soil salt content is 1.5%, soil pH is 7.9-8.0, in soil, more than 0.25mm water-stable granular structure is 20%, the ventilative hole of soil is 6%, alkalization of soils degree is 16%, in soil, total nitrogen content is 0.06%, and content of available phosphorus in soil is 15.2mg/kg, and soil effective K content is 200mg/kg.
Described interplanting method, also comprise and prepare base manure, described base manure, the mass ratio of each raw material components is: straw decomposing thing 28 parts, fertilizer cow dung 40 parts, 24 parts, peat, vermiculite 6 parts, potassium feldspar 4 parts, fulvic acid 8 parts, humus 7 parts, composite fertilizer 6 parts, water-loss reducer 0.7 part, succinic acid 3 parts, 3 parts, silica gel, trace element fertilizer 0.9 part.
Describedly prepare base manure, comprise preparation straw decomposition agent, described straw decomposition agent, the mass ratio of each raw material components is: composite bacteria agent capable 8 parts, Caulis Perillae 28 parts, peach blossom pollen 32 parts, by 24 parts, first grid algae.
adopt above technical scheme, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) adopt the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in saline land of the present invention, the survival rate of garlic is 90.3%, and garlic (dry garlic) output is 900 kgs/acre, and garlic stems output is 200 kgs/acre.
(2) adopt the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in saline land of the present invention, bluish dogbane survival rate is 98.7%, and bluish dogbane every mu is gathered 600 jin, fresh leaf, and in blade, general flavone, organic acid, amino acid content improve 9.3%, 10.4%, 13.5% respectively.
(3) interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in saline land of the present invention is adopted, good improved effect is had to saline land, after garlic results, soil salt content is 0.16%, and soil pH is 6.6, in soil, more than 0.25mm water-stable granular structure is 61%, the ventilative hole of soil is 17%, and alkalization of soils degree is 4%, and in soil, total nitrogen content is 0.12%, content of available phosphorus in soil is 48mg/kg, and soil effective K content is 470mg/kg.
Embodiment
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in embodiment 1 one kinds of saline lands
one, the soil regime in saline land
Moderate saline-alkali soil, soil salt content is 1.5%, soil pH is 8.8, in soil, more than 0.25mm water-stable granular structure is 20%, the ventilative hole of soil is 6%, and alkalization of soils degree is 16%, and in soil, total nitrogen content is 0.06%, content of available phosphorus in soil is 15.2mg/kg, and soil effective K content is 200mg/kg.
two, base manure is prepared
described base manure, the mass ratio of each raw material components is:
Straw decomposing thing 28 parts, fertilizer cow dung 40 parts, 24 parts, peat, vermiculite 6 parts, potassium feldspar 4 parts, fulvic acid 8 parts, humus 7 parts, composite fertilizer 6 parts, water-loss reducer 0.7 part, succinic acid 3 parts, 3 parts, silica gel, trace element fertilizer 0.9 part.
Mass percentage organic in described fertilizer cow dung is 45%;
Described composite fertilizer, N >=17%, P2O5 >=17%, K2O >=17%;
described base manure, preparation method is:
step 1, preparation straw decomposition agent
(1) described straw decomposition agent, the mass ratio of each raw material components is:
Composite bacteria agent capable 8 parts, Caulis Perillae 28 parts, peach blossom pollen 32 parts, by 24 parts, first grid algae
Described composite bacteria agent capable, for liquid bacteria suspension, comprise Pediococcus acidilactici, bite Lactobacillus lactis, monascus, bacillus pumilus, Rhodobacter capsulatus, wherein the concentration of Pediococcus acidilactici is 200,000,000 cfu/ml, the concentration of biting Lactobacillus lactis is 300,000,000 cfu/ml, the concentration of monascus is 100,000,000 cfu/ml, and the concentration of bacillus pumilus is 100,000,000 cfu/ml, and the concentration of Rhodobacter capsulatus is 400,000,000 cfu/ml.
Described Pediococcus acidilactici (
pediococcusacidilactici), culture presevation number is CGMCC1.4; Bite Lactobacillus lactis (
lactobacillusacidophilus), culture presevation number is CGMCC1.2686; Monascus (
monascusanka), culture presevation number be ACCC30341, bacillus pumilus (
bacilluspumilus), culture presevation number is ACCC01743; Rhodobacter capsulatus (
rhodobactercapsulata), culture presevation number is CCREMSDMCC150014.
(2) described straw decomposition agent, preparation method is:
A, prepare composite bacteria agent capable
By Pediococcus acidilactici, bite Lactobacillus lactis, monascus, bacillus pumilus, each bacterial classification of Rhodobacter capsulatus, carry out expansion respectively to cultivate, then mix, prepare composite bacteria agent capable bacteria suspension, wherein the concentration of Pediococcus acidilactici is 200,000,000 cfu/ml, and the concentration of biting Lactobacillus lactis is 300,000,000 cfu/ml, and the concentration of monascus is 100,000,000 cfu/ml, the concentration of bacillus pumilus is 100,000,000 cfu/ml, and the concentration of Rhodobacter capsulatus is 400,000,000 cfu/ml.
B, pulverizing
By Caulis Perillae, peach blossom pollen, being pulverized by first grid algae, is 200 μm to particle size.
C, sprinkling composite bacteria agent capable
The composite bacteria agent capable bacteria suspension prepared by step a, is evenly sprayed on the product of step b, mixes, obtained straw decomposition agent.
step 2, prepare straw decomposing thing
By the corn dried and wheat stalk (mass ratio is 2:1), be crushed to special-purpose machinery the particle that particle diameter is 4mm, regulate C/N ratio to 35:1; Regulate stalk water content to reach 60%, evenly add straw decomposition agent according to 0.60% of stalk weight; Covered with plastic film insulation, moisturizing, pile fermentation is carried out under 30 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C conditions, period suitably breathes freely, moisturizing and stirring, until pile rotten thing color to become pitchy, slightly musty, odorless, pile rotten material in loose granular structure, pH is 5.2-5.5, namely become thoroughly decomposed complete, obtained straw decomposing thing.
the mixing of step 3, raw material, pulverizing
All grind after taking trace element fertilizer, silica gel, succinic acid, water-loss reducer, fertilizer cow dung, composite fertilizer by formula, cross 300 mesh sieves;
Take peat, vermiculite, potassium feldspar mixing, carry out air-flow crushing, air-flow crushing condition is: arranging reservoir pressure is 0.7-1MPa; Screw feed speed is 20hz; The set of frequency of sorter motor is 13hz, and the particle diameter of crushing rear material is 180 μm.
step 4, obtained base manure
Take biochemical fulvic acid, humic acid adds in blending machine, proportionally, add the product of step 2, step 3, stir obtained base manure after 20 minutes.
three, wholely, basal dressing
The growing area selected in saline land, basal dressing, the consumption of base manure is 180kg/ mu, and then deep plough once to soil, tilling depth is 35cm, and 15 ~ 30 days before planting arrange soil.
four, bluish dogbane and garlic is interplanted
(1) cuttage and seedling culture of bluish dogbane
Choosing wild venetum stem culm base diameter is the branch of 0.3cm, and the stem stalk of the long 12cm of clip is used as cutting; Upper clip is positioned at 1.2cm above the phyllopodium of branch top, and branch top is stayed
2sheet blade; Described cutting upper end clip is cut into horizontal plane, and lower end clip is cut into inclined-plane; By the lower end of cuttage branch take root in nutrient solution soak 30 minutes, the mass ratio of nutrient solution of taking root is: 6-benzyl aminopurine 1 part, rice vinegar 0.5 part, 2 parts, amino acid, fulvic acid 3 parts, ergometrine 4 parts, bamboo vinegar 5 parts, inositol 4 parts, 3 parts, folic acid.
By treated cuttage branch, in the matrix of cuttage in seedbed, irrigate seedbed in time, keep ground moistening, maintenance soil moisture content is 25-35%, after cutting grows 5-7 leaf cuttage seeding, can saline land transplanting be carried out.
(2) saline land plantation bluish dogbane
At the beginning of 8 months, bluish dogbane cuttage seeding transplanted in saline land in smooth soil, spacing in the rows is 70cm, and line-spacing is 60cm, is dug out by cuttage seeding band soil during transplanting, moves in the hole dug in saline land, compacting of watering of banketing.
(3) garlic is interplanted
Early October, plough the soil in the middle of bluish dogbane, rake carefully flattens, between two row bluish dogbanes, plant two row garlic seeds, the line-spacing of garlic is 20cm, the line-spacing of garlic and neighbouring bluish dogbane is 20cm, and concrete planting patterns is: in the middle of two row bluish dogbanes, whole two row plant narrow ditch, ditch depth 10cm, furrow width 15cm, plants the seed of garlic in narrow ditch, and the spacing in the rows of garlic is 13cm, in plantation after seed, plantation ditch soil is filled and led up, waters, covering film.
(4) manage, gather in the crops
Mid or late September until bluish dogbane transplanted seedling fallen leaves after by 3000m
3/ hm
2irrigation volume water 1 time permeable, after transplanting, Second Year transplanted seedling in spring carries out shallow rake to plot, chesson before turning green, and farmyard manure is spread fertilizer over the fields 1 time in earth's surface, Second Year June and September after transplanting, each pair of bluish dogbane is gathered once, when first time gathers, before initial bloom stage, cut off apart from root 15 ~ 20cm, second time cuts off complete stool from near-earth, and the branch cut off is taken advantage of and freshly taken blade, frying or dry; Fresh branch can be cut into short section of 1 ~ 2cm, dries or dries in the shade, and by the leaf of drying, short section of loading cloth bag, is put in aeration-drying place and preserves.
After garlic germinates, ticked mulch film, when Second Year is turned green spring, note watering water of turning green, topdressing, at the beginning of 5 months, the garlic stems that garlic upper end is extracted out is extracted, mid or late May, when plant starts to occur jaundice, lodging garlic, can garlic be gathered in the crops on the ground.
comparative examples 1:
Adopt implantation methods described in embodiment 1, only change " four, interplanting bluish dogbane and garlic " step, changing part is: only plant bluish dogbane, the planting density of bluish dogbane is, spacing in the rows is 70cm, and line-spacing is 60cm.
comparative examples 2:
Adopt implantation methods described in embodiment 1, only change " four, interplanting bluish dogbane and garlic " step, changing part is: only plant garlic, the planting density of garlic is: line-spacing is 20cm, and spacing in the rows is 13cm.
result:
(1) adopt the interplanting method of bluish dogbane of the present invention and garlic, bluish dogbane survival rate is 98.7%, and bluish dogbane every mu is gathered 600 jin, fresh leaf, and in blade, general flavone, organic acid, amino acid content improve 9.3%, 10.4%, 13.5% than comparative examples 1 respectively.
Adopt the interplanting method of bluish dogbane of the present invention and garlic, the survival rate of garlic is 90.3%, and garlic (dry garlic) output is 900 kgs/acre, and garlic stems output is 200 kgs/acre.
Comparative examples 1: bluish dogbane survival rate is 89.5%, bluish dogbane annual production is 400 pounds/acre.
Comparative examples 2: the survival rate of garlic is only 30.4%, garlic (dry garlic) output is 200 kgs/acre, and garlic stems output is 45 kgs/acre.
(2) the present invention interplants bluish dogbane and garlic in saline land, there is good improved effect to saline land, after garlic results, measure the indices of soil, as follows: soil salt content is 0.16%, soil pH is 6.6, and in soil, more than 0.25mm water-stable granular structure is 61%, and the ventilative hole of soil is 17%, alkalization of soils degree is 4%, in soil, total nitrogen content is 0.12%, and content of available phosphorus in soil is 48mg/kg, and soil effective K content is 470mg/kg.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in saline land, is characterized in that: comprise the cuttage and seedling culture of bluish dogbane, saline land plantation bluish dogbane, interplanting garlic.
2. the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in a kind of saline land according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described saline land plantation bluish dogbane, spacing in the rows is 70cm, and line-spacing is 60cm.
3. the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in a kind of saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described interplanting garlic, between two row bluish dogbanes, plant two row garlic seeds, the line-spacing of garlic is 20cm, and the line-spacing of garlic and neighbouring bluish dogbane is 20cm.
4. the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in a kind of saline land according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described interplanting garlic, digs two row and plant narrow ditch in the middle of two row bluish dogbanes, ditch depth 10cm, furrow width 15cm, plants the seed of garlic in narrow ditch, and the spacing in the rows of garlic is 13cm.
5. the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in a kind of saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cuttage and seedling culture of described bluish dogbane, by the lower end of cuttage branch take root in nutrient solution soak 30 minutes, the mass ratio of nutrient solution of taking root is: 6-benzyl aminopurine 1 part, rice vinegar 0.5 part, 2 parts, amino acid, fulvic acid 3 parts, ergometrine 4 parts, bamboo vinegar 5 parts, inositol 4 parts, 3 parts, folic acid.
6. the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in a kind of saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cuttage and seedling culture of described bluish dogbane, choosing wild venetum stem culm base diameter is the branch of 0.3cm, and the stem stalk of the long 12cm of clip is used as cutting.
7. the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in a kind of saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the soil regime in described saline land is: soil salt content is 1.5%, soil pH is 7.9-8.0, in soil, more than 0.25mm water-stable granular structure is 20%, the ventilative hole of soil is 6%, and alkalization of soils degree is 16%, and in soil, total nitrogen content is 0.06%, content of available phosphorus in soil is 15.2mg/kg, and soil effective K content is 200mg/kg.
8. the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in a kind of saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise and prepare base manure, described base manure, the mass ratio of each raw material components is: straw decomposing thing 28 parts, fertilizer cow dung 40 parts, 24 parts, peat, vermiculite 6 parts, potassium feldspar 4 parts, fulvic acid 8 parts, humus 7 parts, composite fertilizer 6 parts, water-loss reducer 0.7 part, succinic acid 3 parts, 3 parts, silica gel, trace element fertilizer 0.9 part.
9. the interplanting method of bluish dogbane and garlic in a kind of saline land according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: describedly prepare base manure, comprise preparation straw decomposition agent, described straw decomposition agent, the mass ratio of each raw material components is: composite bacteria agent capable 8 parts, Caulis Perillae 28 parts, peach blossom pollen 32 parts, by 24 parts, first grid algae.
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| CN106416489A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-22 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for planting soybeans in secondary salinized land |
| CN106717939A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-31 | 长兴众化生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of Zhejiang area salt-soda soil FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China and fruit of Chinese magnoliavine miscegenation |
| CN106962166A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-07-21 | 东至县珊瑚生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of matching method of widely used culture medium for plant seedlings |
| CN107892599A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-10 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of cuttage nutrient solution and preparation method thereof and bluish dogbane Water culture propagation method |
| CN108967110A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-11 | 思南县华丰果蔬专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of salt-soda soil peach |
| CN110367109A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-25 | 南京三生万物环保科技有限公司 | A kind of bluish dogbane implantation methods of floating seedlings in conjunction with mechanization transplanting |
| CN112385501A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-02-23 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for planting wild leeks in moderate saline-alkali soil |
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