CN108934888A - A kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN108934888A CN108934888A CN201810597673.8A CN201810597673A CN108934888A CN 108934888 A CN108934888 A CN 108934888A CN 201810597673 A CN201810597673 A CN 201810597673A CN 108934888 A CN108934888 A CN 108934888A
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- bacterial agent
- fertilizer
- microbial bacterial
- tobacco
- infect
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
Abstract
The present invention is to solve the damage of the tobacco plant as caused by soil, extreme weather events and farm work, it is multiplied problem by the probability of disease infestation, a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent is provided, steps are as follows: 1) microbial bacterial agent selection and Dressing date and method of administration；2) planting method of tobacco；3) field management；4) tobacco harvests.Advantages of the present invention: 1) by foliage-spray microbial bacterial agent, enable one layer of beneficial microbe on the uniform fold of tobacco blade face, the physical blocking that tobacco diseases are infected in realization；2) beneficial microbe generates in microbial bacterial agent rhzomorph, bacterium peptide isoreactivity substance infects tobacco diseases obvious inhibiting effect, realizes chemical block；3) microbial bacteria group energy promotes effective microorganisms breeding in microbial bacterial agent, inhibits the invasion of pathogenic soil microorganism, enhances resistance and metabolic function, promotes the growth and development of crop and improves Soil Micro-environment, realizes that source blocks.
Description
Technical field
It is especially a kind of to block defence tobacco diseases to invade using microbial bacterial agent the present invention relates to dry-land cultivation technical field
The cultural method of dye.
Background technique
Currently, arable land multiple crop index is high since the flue-cured tobacco cultivars of the main cultivation in China are more single, it is more that ecology is influenced to a certain extent
Sample provides the host to depend on for existence and breeding place for soil surface characters；Simultaneously as chemical fertilizer is largely applied, lead
Soil hardening and soil physical and chemical property variation are caused, beneficial microbe population and quantity are reduced, itself repair ability reduces, soil-borne disease
Bacterium harm aggravation, influences and constrains tobacco leaf production.In order to eliminate influence caused by soil-borne disease, promote cured tobacco production, forefathers
Improve the soil in microorganism with crop disease prevention growth promotion etc., has carried out extensive exploration, it is main using separating antagonism from soil and cigarette strain
Microorganism or its product, inhibit the survival and proliferation of pathogen, so that balck shank, bacterial wilt, mosaic disease, red star be mitigated or eliminated
The harm of the soil-borne diseases such as sick cigarette, and achieve certain achievement.Currently, the method for administration of separation antagonistic microbe is concentrated mainly on soil
In earth, but without in the three-dimensional report used of both soil and blade face.Hunan is important one of the main producing region of China's flue-cured tobacco, black
Shin disease, bacterial wilt, rust and common mosaic, weather spot disease etc., which are that cured tobacco production is main, endangers disease, except passing through soil
Earth can also pass through tobacco plant own wound Infective outside propagating.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of blocks defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent
Cultural method, to solve the damage of the tobacco plant as caused by soil, extreme weather events and farm work, by disease infestation
Probability be multiplied problem, the final yield and quality for improving crop product.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, technical scheme is as follows: a kind of to block defence using microbial bacterial agent
The cultural method that tobacco diseases infect includes the following steps: 1) microbial bacterial agent selection and Dressing date and method of administration；2) cigarette
Grass planting method；3) field management；4) tobacco harvests.
Further, the optional liquid of the microbial bacterial agent dosage form, pulvis, granular pattern, preferred liquid；Microbial bacterial agent can
Select fixed nitrogen bacteria agent, photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum, organic matter decomposing inoculant, growth promoting bacteria agent, biological prosthetic microbial inoculum etc., preferably microbial inoculum be containing
The microbial inoculum of bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium；The function bacterium population quantity of carrier is greater than 108/g；
Further, the Dressing date of the microbial bacterial agent is that Extreme Weather Events occur and tobacco diseases infect key
Period, preferably Dressing date are soil cultivation, hail event and farm work damaged blade.
Further, the amount of application of the soil cultivation is 450~750 unit mass/hm2。
Further, the microbial bacterial agent method of administration can be selected organic fertilizer mix apply, machinery sprays and artificial spraying,
The preferred organic fertilizer of the method for administration of middle soil cultivation, which is mixed, to be applied, and the preferred unmanned plane of foliage-spray sprays；
Further, the 60% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount, 60% and of potash fertilizer total amount is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in the planting method of tobacco
100% phosphate fertilizer, or spread fertilizer over the fields the compound fertilizer of equivalent；The total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizer be respectively as follows: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm2~
150.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2~345.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm2~75.0kg/
hm2。
Further, planting method of tobacco is that density is 5~10 seedlings/m2.The rice shoot of transplanting is the native seedling of band that floppy disk is bred as
The rice shoot of seedling or traditional method of raising seedling, rice shoot root band mud, rice shoot is uniformly transplanted to compartment face.
Further, field management includes:
(a) fertilizer application total amount: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm2~150.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2
~345.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm2~95.0kg/hm2。
(b) base manure: when opening cave after ridging of ploughing, before transplanting, the method applied using cave, applied nitrogen total amount
70%；Phosphate fertilizer is whole；The 55% of potash fertilizer.Wherein the total amount of three kinds of element fertilizers is respectively as follows: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm2~
150.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2~345.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm2~95.0kg/
hm2。
(c) top dressing: nitrogenous fertilizer after transplanting 7~15 days applied nitrogen total amounts 20%, the 30 days application nitrogen after transplanting
The 10% of fertile total amount；Potash fertilizer after transplanting 7~15 days application of potash fertilizer total amounts 25%, 45~60 days application of potash fertilizer after transplanting
The 20% of total amount.Wherein the total amount of three kinds of element fertilizers is respectively as follows: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm2~150.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer
(K2O) 180.0kg/hm2~345.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm2~95.0kg/hm2。
(d) Guan Shui: water management is based on ground moistening, appropriate supplementary irrigation；Rainy day opens wide discharge outlet, prevents field product
Water.
(e) disease, worm, grass prevention and treatment: disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds are based on biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control.
Further, tobacco harvest is harvested in time by harvesting standard.
Advantages of the present invention
1) by foliage-spray microbial bacterial agent, enable one layer of beneficial microbe on the uniform fold of tobacco blade face, realization
The physical blocking that tobacco diseases are infected；2) in microbial bacterial agent beneficial microbe generate rhzomorph, bacterium peptide isoreactivity substance pair
Tobacco diseases, which infect, obvious inhibiting effect, realizes chemical block；3) microbial bacteria group energy promotes beneficial to micro- in microbial bacterial agent
Biota breeding, inhibits the invasion of pathogenic soil microorganism, enhances resistance and metabolic function, promotes the growth and development of crop and change
Kind Soil Micro-environment realizes that source blocks.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
2015, in Hunan Guiyang, Zhang Shi tobacco station carried out base manure and mixes and applies test, experimental plot total soil nitrogen 1.85g/kg, entirely
Phosphorus 0.86g/kg, full potassium 9.88g/kg, organic matter 38.43g/kg, pH6.5, available nitrogen 155.9mg/kg, available phosphorus 14.3mg/
Kg, available potassium 125.3mg/kg.
Experimental cultivar is cloud and mist 87, trial zone area 6000m2, 2 processing of test setting.Wherein: processing 1: bacterial manure application
Amount is 50 unit mass/hm2, application method is when combining site preparation ridging application base manure before transplanting, uniformly to mix with base manure
Cave is carried out later to apply；2 (controls) of processing: it does not apply (for control).
Sowing time is on December 20th, 2014, and transplanting day is on March 18th, 2015, and Topping Stage is July 18, planting density
For 16500 plants/hm2, spacing in the rows × line-spacing is 1.2m × 0.5m.Applying nitrogen total amount is 135kg/hm2, N:P:K 1:0.65:2.1.
Main measurement item:
1) field diseases are investigated: under natural conditions in weather spot disease, balck shank, common mosaic and wildfire crop field
Onset peak period, as unit of strain investigation morbidity strain, take 3 points at random, each point investigates 50 plants altogether, and calculate diseased plant rate and
Disease index and preventive effect, Computer Corp. are as follows:
(1) disease incidence %=(morbidity strain number/investigation total strain number) × 100%；
(2) disease index=∑ (the diseased plants at different levels × disease series) × 100/ (investigation total strain number × 4 grades of highest disease series)；
(3) disease index %=(disease index of the application zone 1-/non-application zone disease index) × 100.2) after pinching
The investigation of the field 7d Other Main Agronomic Characters: measurement method is investigated referring to YC/T 142-2010 tobacco economical character, records plant height, leaf
Number, stem girth, pitch, maximum leaf length and width, and calculate maximum leaf leaf area (leaf area=length × wide × 0.6345).
3) main economic index is investigated: each processing, which is taken, individually adopts roasting, weighs after roasting, by expert according to GB2635-
1992 standards carry out classification and grade ratio cut partition, calculate first-class cigarette, upper medium grade cigarette ratio, and according to current year tobacco purchasing valence meter
Calculate average price and the output value.
Main result and analysis:
1 different disposal crop field tobacco leaf Major Diseases incidence of table
As known from Table 1, after cultural method of the present invention processing, tobacco leaf weather spot, balck shank, common mosaic are anti-
Effect has been respectively increased 85.2%, 80.8% and 71.7%.
7d Other Main Agronomic Characters are investigated after the topping of 2 different disposal of table
As known from Table 2, after cultural method of the present invention processing, the number of blade, stem girth, pitch, waist leaf leaf area are equal
It is significantly higher than control.
3 different disposal Major Economic index of table is investigated
As known from Table 3, after cultural method of the present invention processing, first-class cigarette, B2F and C3F weight per leaf, is produced average price
Amount and the output value, are all remarkably higher than control.
Example 2:
2016, top dressing application test, experimental plot total soil nitrogen were carried out in Hunan Agricultural University Of Hunan proving ground
1.96g/kg, full phosphorus 0.89g/kg, full potassium 11.88g/kg, organic matter 42.43g/kg, pH6.2, available nitrogen 158.8mg/kg, have
Imitate phosphorus 15.3mg/kg, available potassium 135.3mg/kg.
Experimental cultivar is that Hunan grinds No. 5, trial zone area 1000m2, 2 processing of test setting.Wherein: processing 1: bacterial manure is applied
Dosage is 60 unit mass/hm2, application method is the 10d after transplanting, applies in conjunction with first time topdressing and mixes with top dressing
After even, it is watered to pour and applies, the amount of applying 1kg is poured in every cave；2 (controls) of processing: bacterial manure is not applied, same amount of top dressing is only applied, is watered
Amount is consistent with processing 1.
Sowing time is on December 28th, 2015, and transplanting day is on March 28th, 2016, and Topping Stage is July 25, planting density
For 16500 plants/hm2, spacing in the rows × line-spacing is 1.2m × 0.5m.Applying nitrogen total amount is 135kg/hm2, N:P:K 1:0.65:2.1.
Main measurement item is shown in example 1.
Main result and analysis:
The investigation of 1 different disposal crop field tobacco leaf Major Diseases of table
As known from Table 1, after cultural method of the present invention processing, tobacco leaf rust, balck shank, common mosaic are anti-
Effect has been respectively increased 72.7%, 71.2% and 69.8%.
7d Other Main Agronomic Characters are investigated after the topping of 2 different disposal of table
As known from Table 2, after cultural method of the present invention processing, although Other Main Agronomic Characters index plant height, blade
Number, stem girth, pitch, waist leaf leaf area with compare between be not significantly different, but be above control.
3 different disposal Major Economic index of table is investigated
As known from Table 3, after cultural method of the present invention processing, first-class cigarette ratio, average price, B2F and the mono- leaf of C3F
Weight, yield and the output value, are above control.
Example 3:
2017, top dressing application test, experimental plot total soil nitrogen were carried out in Hunan Agricultural University Of Hunan proving ground
1.96g/kg, full phosphorus 0.89g/kg, full potassium 11.88g/kg, organic matter 42.43g/kg, pH6.2, available nitrogen 158.8mg/kg, have
Imitate phosphorus 15.3mg/kg, available potassium 135.3mg/kg.
Experimental cultivar is K326, trial zone area 1100m2, 2 processing of test setting.Wherein: processing 1: bacterial manure amount of application
For 55 unit mass/hm2, application method is the 10d after transplanting, applied in conjunction with first time topdressing be uniformly mixed with top dressing with
Afterwards, it is watered to pour and apply, the amount of applying 1kg is poured in every cave；2 (controls) of processing: not applying bacterial manure, only apply same amount of top dressing, the amount of being watered and
Processing 1 is consistent.
Sowing time is on December 26th, 2016, and transplanting day is on March 26th, 2017, and Topping Stage is July 26, planting density
For 16500 plants/hm2, spacing in the rows × line-spacing is 1.2m × 0.5m.Applying nitrogen total amount is 145kg/hm2, N:P:K 1:0.70:2.1.
Main measurement item is shown in example 1.
Main result and analysis:
The investigation of 1 different disposal crop field tobacco leaf Major Diseases of table
As known from Table 1, after cultural method of the present invention processing, tobacco leaf rust, balck shank, common mosaic are anti-
Effect has been respectively increased 75.3%, 67.2% and 69.5%.
7d Other Main Agronomic Characters are investigated after the topping of 2 different disposal of table
As known from Table 2, after cultural method of the present invention processing, although Other Main Agronomic Characters index plant height, blade
Although number, stem girth, pitch, waist leaf leaf area with compare between be not significantly different, be above control.
3 different disposal Major Economic index of table is investigated
As known from Table 3, after cultural method of the present invention processing, first-class cigarette ratio, average price, B2F and the mono- leaf of C3F
Weight, yield and the output value, are above control.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and does not limit the embodiments.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or
It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And it is extended from this it is obvious variation or
It changes still within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
1) microbial bacterial agent selection and Dressing date and method of administration；
2) planting method of tobacco；
3) field management；
4) tobacco harvests.
2. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the microbial bacterial agent dosage form is liquid, pulvis or granular pattern；Microbial bacterial agent is fixed nitrogen bacteria agent, photosynthetic thin
Bacteria agent, organic matter decomposing inoculant, growth promoting bacteria agent, biological prosthetic microbial inoculum；The function bacterium population quantity of carrier is greater than 108A/
g。
3. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that, the microbial bacterial agent dosage form is liquid；Microbial bacterial agent is the microbial inoculum containing bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium.
4. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the Dressing date of the microbial bacterial agent is that Extreme Weather Events occur and tobacco diseases infect the critical period.
5. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that, Dressing date is soil cultivation, hail event and farm work damaged blade, and the amount of application of soil cultivation is 450
~750 unit mass/hm2。
6. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 5,
Be characterized in that, the microbial bacterial agent method of administration select organic fertilizer mix apply, machinery sprays and artificial spraying, soil cultivation is applied
It is mixed and is applied with method selection organic fertilizer, foliage-spray.
7. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, 60%, the 60% of potash fertilizer total amount and 100% phosphate fertilizer of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in the planting method of tobacco,
Or spread fertilizer over the fields the compound fertilizer of equivalent；The total amount of three kinds of chemical fertilizer is respectively as follows: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm2~150.0kg/hm2, potassium
Fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2~345.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm2~75.0kg/hm2。
8. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, planting method of tobacco is that density is 5~10 seedlings/m2.The rice shoot of transplanting is the seedling with soil or tradition that floppy disk is bred as
The rice shoot of method of raising seedling, rice shoot root band mud, rice shoot is uniformly transplanted to compartment face.
9. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, field management includes:
(a) fertilizer application total amount: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm2~150.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2~
345.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm2~95.0kg/hm2。
(b) base manure: when opening cave after ridging of ploughing, before transplanting, the method applied using cave, the 70% of applied nitrogen total amount；Phosphorus
It is fertile whole；The 55% of potash fertilizer.Wherein the total amount of three kinds of element fertilizers is respectively as follows: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm2~150.0kg/
hm2, potash fertilizer (K2O) 180.0kg/hm2~345.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm2~95.0kg/hm2。
(c) top dressing: nitrogenous fertilizer after transplanting 7~15 days applied nitrogen total amounts 20%, 30 days applied nitrogens are total after transplanting
The 10% of amount；Potash fertilizer after transplanting 7~15 days application of potash fertilizer total amounts 25%, 45~60 days application of potash fertilizer total amounts after transplanting
20%.Wherein the total amount of three kinds of element fertilizers is respectively as follows: nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) 120.0kg/hm2~150.0kg/hm2, potash fertilizer
(K2O) 180.0kg/hm2~345.0kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60.0kg/hm2~95.0kg/hm2。
(d) Guan Shui: water management is based on ground moistening, appropriate supplementary irrigation；Rainy day opens wide discharge outlet, prevents field ponding.
(e) disease, worm, grass prevention and treatment: disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds are based on biological control, supplemented by physical control and chemical control.
10. a kind of cultural method for blocking defence tobacco diseases to infect using microbial bacterial agent according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, tobacco harvest is harvested in time by harvesting standard.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109937839A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-06-28 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of tobacco plant preparation method with anti-wildfire characteristic |
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Application publication date: 20181207 |