CN112568091A - Zelkova container seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Zelkova container seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112568091A CN112568091A CN202011220363.8A CN202011220363A CN112568091A CN 112568091 A CN112568091 A CN 112568091A CN 202011220363 A CN202011220363 A CN 202011220363A CN 112568091 A CN112568091 A CN 112568091A
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 241000190021 Zelkova Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 241000190020 Zelkova serrata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 loess Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241001070947 Fagus Species 0.000 claims description 48
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007377 Petunia x hybrida Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000705931 Zelkova schneideriana Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019495 Pecan oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010470 pecan oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000068645 Carya illinoensis Species 0.000 description 11
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218220 Ulmaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a zelkova serrata container seedling culture medium and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural seedling culture and cultivation. The zelkova container seedling raising substrate comprises a zelkova leaf compost fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite, loess, urea and cake fertilizer; the volume ratio of the beech leaf composting fermentation base material, the nutrient soil, the perlite and the loess is 3: 2: 1; the mass of the urea and the mass of the cake fertilizer respectively account for 1 to 1.5 percent and 2 to 6 percent of the total mass of the zelkova container seedling substrate; the mass content of water in the zelkova serrata container seedling culture substrate is 30-70% of the total mass of the zelkova serrata container seedling culture substrate. The preparation method of the substrate is simple, the operation is convenient, the substrate is suitable for popularization and application, the microbial agent is used in the preparation process, rich nutrient elements are provided for the zelkova schneideriana, and meanwhile, the pecan oil residue is used as the raw material, so that the production cost is reduced. By using the zelkova serrata container seedling culture medium, the zelkova serrata seedling trunk diameter and the seedling height have high growth speed, the root system grows vigorously, and the transplanting survival rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural seedling culture, in particular to a zelkova container seedling culture substrate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino, also known as beech, a tree species of deciduous trees of the genus Zelkova of the family ulmaceae, the Zelkova being deciduous trees of the genus Zelkova and up to 30 meters. The crown is inverted egg-shaped umbrella-shaped. The bark is dark brown, smooth, and flaked in the old. Unilobal intergrowth, oval, elliptical oval or ovoid, with tips pointed or tapered and jagged edges. The leaf surface is slightly rough, the back is light green and has no hair. The color of the leaves changes in autumn, and the leaves have two strains of yellow and red. The nuts are smaller. Belongs to the national secondary important protection plant. The tree is widely distributed in China, grows slowly and is excellent in material quality, so that the tree is a precious tree species for hard broad-leaved wood.
The ecological afforestation construction of precious wood species is increased in recent years in Jiangsu province, the zelkova is taken as a preferred tree species, the industry development is rapid, but the quality of seedlings is good and uneven, the traditional field seedling cultivation is still the mainstream, and the overall quality level of the seedlings is not high. In recent years, a beech seedling cultivation mode is innovated in the base, a container bag is introduced, a beech container seedling cultivation technology is researched, and strong beech seedlings are cultivated on a large scale. Wherein, the configuration of the container seedling substrate is a key technology of container seedling.
At present, the zelkova schneideriana seedling culture substrate uses more materials:
coconut chaff: the fertilizer has good water retention, good air permeability and slow natural decomposition rate, but has higher cost for large-scale production of container seedlings and local seedling cultivation bases without coconut husk resources;
peat soil: it is also called turf or peat, and is a natural organic matter whose organic matter content is greater than 50%, and its bacteria-carrying capacity is less, volume weight is small and buffer property is strong. Meanwhile, the soil is a short-term non-renewable resource, the total storage amount is limited, once the wetland environment is damaged, the restoration difficulty is very high, and most domestic peat soil sold in the market is in northeast production areas. Its limited resources and high transportation costs are not conducive to basic mass production.
③ vermiculite: the vermiculite is a mineral substance, contains rich K, Ca, Mg and other nutrient elements, has good water and fertilizer adsorption performance, and has a flaky structure which is beneficial to the balance of water and air. The vermiculite for seedling culture mainly has the function of increasing the air permeability and the water retention of the matrix. However, since it is fragile, the medium is likely to be dense and lose the air permeability and water retentivity with the lapse of time.
Cotton seed hulls, rice hulls and mushroom residues: the advantages are high water holding capacity, high organic content, rich and comprehensive nutritive elements, and easy decomposition and release, and the disadvantage is many germs and easy to cause diseases. The beech container seedling diseases which have appeared on the basis are related to the use of mushroom residues;
wood dust: the wood chips have strong water retention and permeability, but the un-decomposed wood chips can cause imbalance of carbon-nitrogen ratio due to consumption of nitrogen by microbial activity.
In the aspect of cultivating zelkova schneideriana seedling, the above materials have the problems of high cost, limited resources or disease risk, and cannot meet the aim of large-scale production of container seedlings from zelkova schneideriana in future, and a novel seedling culture substrate needs to be researched, so that the utilization rate of local resources can be improved, the rapid growth of zelkova schneideriana seedlings can be guaranteed, and the use amount of limited resources and the seedling culture cost can be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a zelkova schneideriana container seedling substrate and the zelkova schneideriana container seedling substrate prepared by the preparation method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a substrate for culturing zelkova serrata in a container comprises zelkova serrata leaf compost fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite, loess, urea and cake fertilizer; the volume ratio of the beech leaf composting fermentation base material, the nutrient soil, the perlite and the loess is 3: 2: 1; the mass of the urea accounts for 1 to 1.5 percent of the total mass of the zelkova container seedling substrate; the mass of the cake fertilizer accounts for 2-6% of the total mass of the zelkova container seedling substrate; the mass content of water in the zelkova serrata container seedling culture substrate is 30-70% of the total mass of the zelkova serrata container seedling culture substrate.
Urea and cake fertilizer provide nitrogen fertilizer required by seedling growth, and the urea is diluted by water and then added into a substrate of beech leaf decay-pushing fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite and loess.
Furthermore, the mass content of water in the zelkova serrata container seedling culture substrate is 40-50% of the total mass of the zelkova serrata container seedling culture substrate.
Further, the cake fertilizer is any one or more of rapeseed cake, peanut cake, bean cake and pecan cake.
The pecan is obtained by bearing the large pecan trees in a zelkova scientific and technological garden of Jiangsu agricultural landscape ecological construction Limited company, and pecan oil is prepared by self, so that a large amount of oil residues are produced, and the pecan belongs to waste utilization.
A preparation method of a zelkova serrata container seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
1) stirring and mixing the beech leaf composting fermentation base material, the nutrient soil, the perlite and the loess uniformly according to the volume ratio of 3: 2: 1 to prepare a pre-mixed material;
2) weighing urea according to 1-1.5% of the total mass of the zelkova serrata container seedling substrate, diluting the urea with water to form urea diluent, and adding the urea diluent into the pre-mixed material;
3) preparing cake fertilizer according to 2-6% of the total mass of the substrate for container seedling culture of the zelkova serrata, wherein the cake fertilizer is any one or more of rapeseed cakes, peanut cakes, bean cakes and pecan cakes;
4) and (3) adding the prepared cake fertilizer into a substrate containing beech leaf compost fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite, loess and urea to obtain a beech container seedling substrate.
Further, the beech leaf stacking fermentation base material is prepared by the following steps:
s1, collecting the beech leaves withered in woodland in the autumn leaf-falling period, soaking for 0.5 hour by using a carbendazim solution with 800 times of solution of 500-;
s2, drying in the shade for 2-3 days under ventilation, and then crushing into 4-5mm beech leaf crushed particles;
s3, collecting chicken manure, adding a microbial agent, fully stirring and uniformly mixing with the pulverized beech leaves, and uniformly mixing the pulverized beech leaves, the microbial agent and the chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 0.6-0.7: 0.2-0.25: 0.1-0.15 to obtain a base material to be subjected to composting and fermentation;
s4, spraying water to the base material to be piled, rotted and fermented, keeping the humidity at 60-80%, being capable of being held into a ball by hand without dripping water, layering, stacking and compacting, keeping the height of each layer not more than 10cm, finally forming a cone-like body, keeping the total height not more than 100cm, keeping the fermentation temperature at 40-50 ℃, and covering and sealing for 15-20 days by using a plastic film to obtain the beech leaf piled, rotted and fermented base material.
Furthermore, in the microbial agent, the number of effective composite viable bacteria is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g, the content of fulvic acid is more than or equal to 16 percent, the content of micromolecular organic carbon is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of high-activity organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent. The soil conditioner can improve the biological fertility of soil, quickly repair the soil, improve the granular structure of the soil, improve the hardening condition of the soil, reduce the acidification degree of the soil and degrade the toxicity of pesticides; effectively promote the development of root systems, enhance the number of capillary roots of crops and the capability of the root systems for absorbing nutrients, and enhance the growth vigor of plants.
The zelkova serrata container seedling culture medium is applied to zelkova serrata seedling culture.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) by optimizing the zelkova serrata container seedling culture substrate, the invention not only can improve the utilization rate of local resources, but also can reduce the use amount of limited resources and reduce the cost of zelkova serrata seedling culture;
2) by using the zelkova serrata container seedling culture medium, the zelkova serrata seedling trunk diameter and the seedling height have high growth speed, the root system grows vigorously, and the transplanting survival rate is high.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
First, self-made beech leaf composting fermentation base material
(1) Collecting the beech leaves withered in the forest lands of the beech garden in the autumn leaf-falling period, soaking for 0.5 hour by using a carbendazim solution with 800 times of solution of 500-;
(2) drying in the shade for 3 days under ventilation, and pulverizing into leaves with particle size of 5 mm;
(3) collecting chicken manure in a zelkova schneideriana and a chicken farm nearby, adding a microbial agent, and fully stirring the mixture with the treated leaves, wherein the crushed particles of the zelkova schneideriana leaves, the microbial agent and the chicken manure are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 0.6: 0.25: 0.15;
(4) spraying water to the uniformly mixed base material to be composted and fermented, wherein the humidity is kept at 80%, and the base material can be held into a ball by hand without dripping water; stacking and compacting in layers, wherein the height of each layer is not more than 10cm, finally forming a cone-like body, the total height is not more than 100cm, covering and sealing by using a plastic film for 20 days, and keeping the fermentation temperature at 50 ℃.
Secondly, preparing a seedling substrate
(1) Weighing urea according to 1.5 percent of the total mass of the zelkova serrata container seedling substrate, and diluting the urea with water to obtain urea diluent;
(2) preparing rape seed cakes and pecan cakes into cake fertilizers according to the volume ratio of 1: 1, wherein the rape seed cakes and the pecan cakes account for 6 percent of the total mass of the zelkova container seedling substrate;
(3) mixing and stirring beech leaf stacking fermentation base material, nutrient soil (purchased from Huaian Jiafeng agricultural science and technology development Co., Ltd.), perlite and loess uniformly according to the volume ratio of 3: 2: 1;
(4) adding the urea diluent into a substrate of a beech leaf composting fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite and loess;
(5) and (3) adding the prepared cake fertilizer into a substrate of beech leaf composting fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite, loess and urea to obtain a beech container seedling substrate.
Example 2
First, self-made beech leaf composting fermentation base material
(1) Collecting the beech leaves withered in the forest lands of the beech garden in the autumn leaf-falling period, soaking for 0.5 hour by using a carbendazim solution with 800 times of solution of 500-;
(2) drying in the shade for 3 days under ventilation, and pulverizing into leaves with particle size of 4 mm;
(3) collecting chicken manure in a zelkova schneideriana park and a chicken farm nearby, adding a microbial agent, and fully stirring the mixture with the treated leaves, wherein the crushed particles of the zelkova schneideriana leaves, the microbial agent and the chicken manure are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 0.7: 0.2: 0.1;
(4) spraying water to the uniformly mixed base material to be composted and fermented, wherein the humidity is kept at 60%, and the base material can be held into a ball by hand without dripping water; stacking and compacting in layers, wherein the height of each layer is not more than 10cm, finally forming a cone-like body, the total height is not more than 100cm, covering and sealing by using a plastic film for 20 days, and keeping the fermentation temperature at 40 ℃.
Secondly, preparing a seedling substrate
(1) Weighing urea according to 1% of the total mass of the zelkova serrata container seedling substrate, and diluting the urea with water to obtain urea diluent;
(2) preparing the peanut cake and the pecan cake into cake fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 1: 1, wherein the peanut cake and the pecan cake account for 2% of the total mass of the zelkova container seedling substrate;
(3) mixing and stirring beech leaf stacking fermentation base material, nutrient soil (purchased from Huaian Jiafeng agricultural science and technology development Co., Ltd.), perlite and loess uniformly according to the volume ratio of 3: 2: 1;
(4) adding the urea diluent into a substrate of a beech leaf composting fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite and loess;
(5) and (3) adding the prepared cake fertilizer into a substrate of beech leaf composting fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite, loess and urea to obtain a beech container seedling substrate.
Example 3
First, self-made beech leaf composting fermentation base material
(1) Collecting the beech leaves withered in the forest lands of the beech garden in the autumn leaf-falling period, soaking for 0.5 hour by using a carbendazim solution with 800 times of solution of 500-;
(2) drying in the shade for 2 days under ventilation, and pulverizing into leaves with particle size of 5 mm;
(3) collecting chicken manure in a zelkova schneideriana park and a chicken farm nearby, adding a microbial agent, and fully stirring the mixture with the treated leaves, wherein the crushed particles of the zelkova schneideriana leaves, the microbial agent and the chicken manure are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 0.7: 0.2: 0.1;
(4) spraying water to the uniformly mixed base material to be composted and fermented, wherein the humidity is kept at 70%, and the base material can be held into a ball by hand without dripping water; stacking and compacting in layers, wherein the height of each layer is not more than 10cm, finally forming a cone-like body, the total height is not more than 100cm, covering and sealing by using a plastic film for 15 days, and keeping the fermentation temperature at 50 ℃.
Secondly, preparing a seedling substrate
(1) Weighing urea according to 1% of the total mass of the zelkova serrata container seedling substrate, and diluting the urea with water to obtain urea diluent;
(2) preparing bean cakes and pecan cakes into cake fertilizers according to the volume ratio of 1: 1, wherein the bean cakes and the pecan cakes account for 4% of the total mass of the zelkova container seedling substrate;
(3) mixing and stirring beech leaf stacking fermentation base material, nutrient soil (purchased from Huaian Jiafeng agricultural science and technology development Co., Ltd.), perlite and loess uniformly according to the volume ratio of 3: 2: 1;
(4) adding the urea diluent into a substrate of a beech leaf composting fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite and loess;
(5) and (3) adding the prepared cake fertilizer into a substrate of beech leaf composting fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite, loess and urea to obtain a beech container seedling substrate.
In the above examples, the mass content of water in the zelkova serrata container seedling substrate is 30-70% of the total mass of the zelkova serrata container seedling substrate; preferably 40-50%.
In the microbial agent, the number of effective composite viable bacteria is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g, the content of fulvic acid is more than or equal to 16 percent, the content of micromolecular organic carbon is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of high-activity organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent. The soil conditioner can improve the biological fertility of soil, quickly repair the soil, improve the granular structure of the soil, improve the hardening condition of the soil, reduce the acidification degree of the soil and degrade the toxicity of pesticides; effectively promote the development of root systems, enhance the number of capillary roots of crops and the capability of the root systems for absorbing nutrients, and enhance the growth vigor of plants.
Control group
The seedling substrate of the zelkova serrata is prepared by using more substrate formula materials of sawdust, nutrient soil, perlite and peat soil according to the volume ratio of 3: 2: 1, the zelkova serrata seedling is cultivated, and the growth of the zelkova serrata in 2 years is measured and shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1
Claims (7)
1. A substrate for culturing beech seedlings in a container is characterized by comprising beech leaf composting fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite, loess, urea and cake fertilizer; the volume ratio of the beech leaf composting fermentation base material to the nutrient soil to the perlite to the loess is 3: 2: 1; the mass of the urea accounts for 1-1.5% of the total mass of the zelkova container seedling substrate; the mass of the cake fertilizer accounts for 2-6% of the total mass of the zelkova container seedling substrate; the mass content of water in the zelkova serrata container seedling culture substrate is 30-70% of the total mass of the zelkova serrata container seedling culture substrate.
2. The zelkova serrata container seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the water content in the zelkova serrata container seedling substrate is 40-50% of the total mass of the zelkova serrata container seedling substrate.
3. The zelkova serrata container seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the cake fertilizer is any one or more of rapeseed cake, peanut cake, bean cake, and petunia cake.
4. The method for preparing zelkova serrata container nursery substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
1) stirring and mixing the beech leaf composting fermentation base material, the nutrient soil, the perlite and the loess uniformly according to the volume ratio of 3: 2: 1 to prepare a pre-mixed material;
2) weighing urea according to 1-1.5% of the total mass of the zelkova serrata container seedling substrate, diluting the urea with water to form urea diluent, and adding the urea diluent into the pre-mixed material;
3) preparing cake fertilizer according to 2-6% of the total mass of the zelkova container seedling substrate, wherein the cake fertilizer is any one or more of rapeseed cakes, peanut cakes, bean cakes and petiolus littoralis cakes;
4) and (3) adding the prepared cake fertilizer into a substrate containing beech leaf compost fermentation base material, nutrient soil, perlite, loess and urea to obtain a beech container seedling substrate.
5. The preparation method of the zelkova serrata container nursery substrate according to claim 4, wherein the zelkova serrata leaf heap rot fermentation base material is prepared by the following steps:
s1, collecting the beech leaves withered in woodland in the autumn leaf-falling period, soaking for 0.5 hour by using a carbendazim solution with 800 times of solution of 500-;
s2, drying in the shade for 2-3 days under ventilation, and then crushing into 4-5mm beech leaf crushed particles;
s3, collecting chicken manure, adding a microbial agent, fully stirring and uniformly mixing with the pulverized beech leaves, and uniformly mixing the pulverized beech leaves, the microbial agent and the chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 0.6-0.7: 0.2-0.25: 0.1-0.15 to obtain a base material to be subjected to composting and fermentation;
s4, spraying water to the base material to be piled, rotted and fermented, keeping the humidity at 60-80%, being capable of being held into a ball by hand without dripping water, layering, stacking and compacting, keeping the height of each layer not more than 10cm, finally forming a cone-like body, keeping the total height not more than 100cm, keeping the fermentation temperature at 40-50 ℃, and covering and sealing for 15-20 days by using a plastic film to obtain the beech leaf piled, rotted and fermented base material.
6. The preparation method of the zelkova serrata container seedling culture medium according to claim 5, wherein in the microbial agent, the number of effective composite viable bacteria is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/gram, the fulvic acid is more than or equal to 16 percent, the micro-molecular organic carbon is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the high-activity organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent.
7. Use of a zelkova container seedling substrate according to any of claims 1-3 in zelkova seedling cultivation.
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