CN114806594A - Plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of ecological management, and particularly discloses a plant fiber bonded soil improvement composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the plant fiber bonded soil improvement composite material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: vermiculite, gravel, plant ash, activated carbon, wormcast, humic acid, furfural residue, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, nutrient element modified bentonite, sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder, a plant fiber adhesive, aluminum silicate fiber and phase-change temperature control powder. The soil improvement composite material utilizes the synergistic effect among the raw materials, has balanced, scientific and reasonable nutrient components, and has the advantages of high shear strength, high water retention, high air permeability and high survival rate; and universal combination constraint can be formed among the sand grains, a self-repairing and regulating mechanism is realized, the repairing of the desertification area is effectively promoted, and the treatment of the desertification area is accelerated.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of ecological management, in particular to a plant fiber bonded soil improvement composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The desert is called as sandy desert, which means that the ground is completely covered by sand grains, and has the characteristics of drought, water shortage, rare plant coverage and loose sand grains. Desertification areas result in reduced land resources, deterioration of ecosystems and natural environments. The desertification area has the sand grain layer, and the clearance between the sand grain is great, and universal cohesion restraint is zero basically, and the viscidity between the sand grain is not enough, leads to the rainwater to run off from the gap between the sand grain, and is higher based on temperature daytime in addition, and the rainwater also can be through the gap rapid evaporation between the sand grain to it is fast, the water retentivity is poor to demonstrate the water loss rate. If plants are directly planted in the desertification area, the survival rate of the plants is low, and the repair efficiency of the desertification area is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the water retention and the survival rate of plants, the application provides a plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
In a first aspect, the application provides a plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material, which adopts the following technical scheme: a composite material for improving soil by bonding plant fibers is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 15-25 parts of gravel, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 5-15 parts of activated carbon, 10-20 parts of wormcast, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of furfural residue, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 20-25 parts of nutrient element modified bentonite, 8-10 parts of sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder, 8-10 parts of plant fiber adhesive, 10-15 parts of aluminum silicate fiber and 20-25 parts of phase-change temperature control powder.
When the soil improvement composite material is applied to a desertification region, universal combination constraint can be formed between sand grains by utilizing the synergistic effect between the raw materials, and the plant root system is well constrained. The water is in a rheological state when the water is added and the water is wet, and is in a solid state when the water is dehydrated and the water is dried, and the rheological state and the solid state are mutually and stably converted, so that a self-repairing and adjusting mechanism is realized, the repairing of a desertification area is effectively promoted, and the treatment of the desertification area is accelerated. The soil improvement composite material is balanced in nutrient components, scientific and reasonable, and has the advantages of high shear strength, high water retention, high air permeability and high survival rate.
The bentonite modified by nutrient elements is added into the raw materials of the soil improvement composite material, the bentonite not only has good water retention and air permeability effects, but also the nutrient elements are adsorbed in pores of the bentonite, the bentonite realizes the fixation of the nutrient elements, and has good slow release effect, thereby continuously providing nutrients for plants and effectively prolonging the fertilizer efficiency of the soil improvement composite material. The added sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder has the advantage of high water absorption, can absorb nutrient components in water, reduces the condition that the nutrient components in the water are too high in concentration to burn seedlings of plants, has a slow release effect based on the absorption of the nutrient components, and can prolong the fertilizer efficiency of the soil improvement composite material. In the application, the water retention and the fertilizer retention of the bentonite and the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder are effectively enhanced by utilizing the synergistic interaction between the nutrient elements and the bentonite and the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder.
The plant fiber adhesive is added into the raw materials of the soil improvement composite material, and not only can the sand grains be settled and flocculated to enable the sand grains to be agglomerated and form a granular structure to form an effective and stable anti-scouring and anti-permeation carrier, but also the granular structure can be filled with pores, and the soil improvement composite material has the advantages of high fertilizer retention, high water retention and high air permeability. The addition of the aluminum silicate fiber can effectively enhance the integrity among sand grains and improve the use effect of the plant fiber adhesive. In addition, the sodium alginate-gelatin-based composite microsphere powder contains organic groups, and the nutrient component modified bentonite also has good viscosity, so that the use effect of the vegetable fiber adhesive is effectively enhanced. In the application, the synergistic interaction among the plant fiber adhesive, the aluminum silicate fiber, the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder and the nutrient component modified bentonite is utilized, the sand grain agglomeration effect and the integrity of the sand grain aggregate structure are enhanced, and the use effect of the soil improvement composite material is improved.
The phase-change temperature control powder is added into the raw materials of the soil improvement composite material, and can change phase when the external temperature changes. When the temperature is high in the daytime, the temperature in the sand can be reduced, and when the temperature is low at night, the temperature in the sand can be increased, so that the temperature difference between day and night can be effectively reduced, the plant root system can be well protected, and the healthy and strong growth of plants can be promoted. And the method can also provide a good ecological environment for microbial floras in the sand grains, maintain the ecological balance of the sand grains and enhance the use effect of the soil improvement composite material. Meanwhile, the evaporation of water can be reduced, the water loss rate is reduced, and the water retention is improved.
Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis are added into the raw materials of the soil improvement composite material, so that the microbial colonies in the sand grains are enriched, and the ecological system of the sand grains is optimized. The vermiculite, the gravel, the plant ash, the activated carbon, the wormcast, the humic acid and the furfural residues are added, so that the organic matters of the sand grains are effectively increased, the fertility of the sand grains is enhanced, and the quality of the sand grains is improved. But also increases the air permeability and water retention of the sand grains. Meanwhile, the biological fertilizer can provide a good living environment for the activity of microorganisms, enhance the activity of the microorganisms and improve the promotion effect of the microorganisms on plants. In the application, the synergistic increase among the sand grains is utilized to improve the fertilizer efficiency of the sand grains, enhance the quality of the sand grains, maintain the ecological balance of the sand grains, promote the growth of plants and facilitate the restoration of desertification areas.
Optionally, the vegetable fiber binder is one or two of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
By adopting the technical scheme, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose have water solubility, have cohesiveness after being dissolved in water, can effectively bond sand grains, and more importantly, can be dissolved in water again after being mixed with water again to form solution with cohesiveness to bond the sand grains, so that the sand grains can be freely converted between a rheological state and a solid state, self-repairing and adjusting mechanisms are realized, and the using effect of the plant fiber adhesive is improved.
Furthermore, the vegetable fiber adhesive is a mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and the weight ratio of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is (1-3) to (1-3), preferably 1: 1.
Optionally, the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder is prepared by the following method:
SA1, heating water to 60-70 ℃, adding gelatin, sodium alginate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution A;
SA2, heating the organic solvent to 45-55 ℃, adding the premixed liquid A in a dropping mode under continuous stirring, stirring for 10-15h after the premixed liquid A is dropped for 20-40min, cooling to 2-6 ℃, and filtering to obtain a primary finished product;
SA3, cooling the aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde to 2-6 ℃, adding the primary product under continuous stirring, stirring for 5-10h, filtering, and standing for 15-25h to obtain a semi-finished product;
SA4, cooling the calcium chloride aqueous solution to 2-6 deg.C, adding the semi-finished product under stirring, stirring for 5-10h, filtering, and oven drying to obtain sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder;
the weight ratio of water, gelatin, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and organic solvent is (90-110): 15-25): 1-3): 0.5-1.5): 900-; the weight ratio of the gelatin to the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution to the calcium chloride aqueous solution is (15-25): (250- & ltSUB & gt 350- & ltSUB & gt); the mass fraction of the glutaraldehyde water solution is 5-15%; the mass fraction of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 5-15%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the premix A is added into an organic solvent to form microspheres, then glutaraldehyde is used for crosslinking gelatin, and calcium ions are further used for solidifying sodium alginate, so that the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder is obtained. The sodium alginate and the polyvinylpyrrolidone are added into the gelatin, so that the crosslinking density among the gelatin, the sodium alginate and the polyvinylpyrrolidone is effectively increased, a three-dimensional network structure is further formed, the strength of the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder is increased, the breakage condition in the preparation and use processes of the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder is reduced, and the preparation and use stability is improved. And the sodium alginate also has good viscosity, the interaction between the sodium alginate and the plant fiber adhesive is increased, and the use effect of the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder is improved.
Further, the organic solvent is liquid paraffin, preferably liquid paraffin # 50.
Optionally, the nutrient elements in the nutrient element modified bentonite are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
By adopting the technical scheme, the nutrient is provided for the microorganisms and the plants, and the healthy and strong growth of the plants is promoted.
Optionally, the nutrient element modified bentonite is prepared by the following method:
SB1, adding urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride into water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution B;
SB2, adding bentonite into water, stirring uniformly, then adding the premix B, continuing stirring for 4-6h, filtering, and drying to obtain nutrient element modified bentonite;
and the weight ratio of the bentonite, the urea, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and the potassium chloride is (45-55), (20-25), (8-13) and (5-10).
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation of the nutrient element modified bentonite is convenient, and the urea, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and the potassium chloride are dissolved in water in advance and then added into the mixture of the water and the bentonite, so that the uniformity of the mixed material of the bentonite, the urea, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and the potassium chloride is enhanced, and the use effect of the nutrient element modified bentonite is improved.
Furthermore, the bentonite is one or more of calcium bentonite and sodium bentonite, and sodium bentonite is preferred.
In the step SB1, the weight ratio of water to urea is (90-110): (20-25), preferably 100: 23; in the step SB2, the weight ratio of water to bentonite is (200-) < 300 > < 45-55 >, preferably 250: 50.
Optionally, the phase-change temperature control powder is obtained by treating silicon dioxide with n-paraffin wax.
By adopting the technical scheme, the n-alkane paraffin is adsorbed in the silicon dioxide pores, the continuous loss of the n-alkane paraffin due to phase change into liquid is reduced, the use stability of the phase change temperature control powder is enhanced, and the service life of the phase change temperature control powder is prolonged.
Optionally, the n-paraffin wax is a mixture of C14 n-paraffin wax and C18 n-paraffin wax, and the weight ratio of the C14 n-paraffin wax to the C18 n-paraffin wax is (1-3) to (1-3).
By adopting the technical scheme, the C14 n-paraffin and the C18 n-paraffin have the advantages of high enthalpy value and stable chemical property. The phase transition temperature of the C14 n-paraffin wax is 5.8 ℃, the purity is 99.1-99.3%, and the enthalpy value reaches 210-230 joules/gram. The C18 normal paraffin wax has phase transition temperature of 28 deg.c, purity of 99.7-99.9% and enthalpy up to 240J/g. By utilizing the mutual matching of the C14 n-alkane paraffin and the C18 n-alkane paraffin, the day and night temperature difference is reduced, the day and night temperature control range of sand grains is increased, and the use effect of the phase-change temperature control powder is enhanced.
Optionally, the phase-change temperature control powder is prepared by the following method:
SC1, heating water to 60-70 ℃, adding an emulsifier, uniformly mixing, then adding n-paraffin wax, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution C;
SC2, heating water to 60-70 ℃, adding silicon dioxide, stirring uniformly, then adding the premix C, continuing stirring for 15-20h, filtering, and drying to obtain phase-change temperature control powder;
and the weight ratio of the silicon dioxide, the normal paraffin wax and the emulsifier is (35-45), (35-45) and (1-3).
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation of the phase-change temperature-control powder is facilitated. And the normal paraffin wax is adsorbed in the pores of the silicon dioxide, and the silicon dioxide plays a role in fixing the normal paraffin wax, so that the loss condition of the normal paraffin wax caused by phase change into liquid is reduced. Meanwhile, the normal paraffin wax is dissolved in water in advance and then added into the mixture of water and silicon dioxide, so that the uniformity of the mixed material of the normal paraffin wax and the silicon dioxide is improved, and the use effect of the phase-change temperature control powder is enhanced.
Further, the emulsifier is one or more of tween 80, tween 20, tween 60, span 80 and span 60.
In the step SC1, the weight ratio of water to normal paraffin wax is (100-) -200: 35-45, preferably 150: 40; in the step SC2, the weight ratio of water to silicon dioxide is (40-60): (35-45), preferably 50: 40.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing the above composite material for improving soil by binding plant fibers, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing vermiculite, gravel, plant ash, activated carbon, wormcast, humic acid, furfural residue, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, nutrient element modified bentonite, sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder, a plant fiber adhesive, aluminum silicate fiber and phase change temperature control powder to obtain the soil improvement composite material.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a use of the above composite material for improving soil by binding plant fiber in desertification area.
In summary, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material utilizes the synergistic effect between the raw materials, is balanced in nutrient components, scientific and reasonable, and has the advantages of high shear strength, high water retention, high air permeability and high survival rate. And universal combination constraint can be formed among the sand grains, a self-repairing and regulating mechanism is realized, the repairing of the desertification area is effectively promoted, and the treatment of the desertification area is accelerated.
2. In the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder, the synergistic interaction among gelatin, sodium alginate and polyvinylpyrrolidone is utilized to enhance the strength of the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder, improve the interaction between the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder and a plant fiber adhesive and improve the use effect of the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder. In the phase-change temperature control powder, the normal paraffin is a mixture of C14 normal paraffin and C18 normal paraffin, and the synergistic effect between the two is utilized to increase the day and night temperature control range of sand grains and enhance the use effect of the phase-change temperature control powder.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Preparation example
Preparation example I-1
A sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder is prepared by the following method:
SA1, heating 100kg of water to 65 ℃, adding 20kg of gelatin, 2kg of sodium alginate and 1kg of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and stirring for 60min to obtain a premixed solution A.
Wherein the gelatin is selected from Shandong Polychemical Co., Ltd; the sodium alginate is selected from Sabei Imperial chemical Co Ltd; the polyvinylpyrrolidone is polyvinylpyrrolidone K30.
SA2, heating 1000kg of organic solvent to 50 ℃, adding the premixed liquid A in a dropping mode under continuous stirring, stirring for 13 hours after the premixed liquid A is dropped for 30 minutes, cooling to 4 ℃, and filtering to obtain a primary finished product.
Wherein the organic solvent is liquid paraffin, and the liquid paraffin is liquid paraffin No. 50.
SA3, cooling 300kg of glutaraldehyde aqueous solution to 4 ℃, adding the primary product under continuous stirring, stirring for 8 hours, filtering, and standing for 20 hours to obtain a semi-finished product.
Wherein the mass fraction of the glutaraldehyde water solution is 10 percent
SA4, cooling 300kg of calcium chloride aqueous solution to 4 ℃, adding the semi-finished product under continuous stirring, stirring for 8 hours, filtering, and drying to obtain sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder;
wherein the mass fraction of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 10%.
Preparation example II-1
A nutrient element modified bentonite is prepared by the following method:
SB1, heating 100kg of water to 40 ℃, adding 23kg of urea, 10kg of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 8kg of potassium chloride, and stirring for 20min to obtain a premixed solution B.
SB2, heating 250kg of water to 40 ℃, adding 50kg of bentonite, and stirring for 50 min. And then adding the premix B, continuously stirring for 5h, filtering, and drying to obtain the nutrient element modified bentonite.
Wherein the bentonite is sodium bentonite and is selected from Bright Hongtong environmental protection materials Co.
Preparation example III-1
A phase-change temperature control powder is prepared by adopting the following method:
SC1, 150kg of water is heated to 65 ℃, 2kg of emulsifier is added, and stirring treatment is carried out for 20 min. Then 40kg of normal paraffin wax is added, and the stirring treatment is continued for 30min to obtain a premix C.
Wherein the emulsifier is Tween 80; the n-paraffin is C18 n-paraffin, and is selected from Shanghai Conentrn New energy science and technology Limited.
SC2, 50kg of water is heated to 65 ℃, 40kg of silicon dioxide is added, and stirring treatment is carried out for 60 min. And then adding the premix C, continuing stirring for 18h, filtering and drying to obtain the phase-change temperature control powder.
Wherein the silicon dioxide is selected from Orifice chemical Co., Ltd.
Preparation example III-2
The phase-change temperature control powder is different from the preparation example III-1 in that in the step SC1, n-paraffin is different, the n-paraffin is a mixture of C14 n-paraffin and C18 n-paraffin, the weight ratio of the C14 n-paraffin and the C18 n-paraffin is 1:1, and the C14 n-paraffin and the C18 n-paraffin are selected from Shanghai Confucian entropy New energy science and technology Limited.
Examples
TABLE 1 soil improvement composite materials content of each raw material (unit: kg)
| Examples | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Vermiculite | 30 | 25 | 35 |
| Gravel | 20 | 25 | 15 |
| Grass and woodAsh of | 15 | 20 | 10 |
| Activated carbon | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| Wormcast | 15 | 10 | 20 |
| Humic acid | 20 | 25 | 15 |
| Furfural slag | 25 | 30 | 20 |
| Bacillus subtilis | 8 | 5 | 10 |
| Bacillus licheniformis | 8 | 10 | 5 |
| Nutrient element modified bentonite | 23 | 20 | 25 |
| Sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder | 9 | 10 | 8 |
| Vegetable fibre adhesive | 9 | 8 | 10 |
| Aluminium silicate fibre | 13 | 15 | 10 |
| Phase-change temperature control powder | 23 | 20 | 25 |
Example 1
The raw material proportion of the composite material for improving the soil bonded by the plant fiber is shown in table 1.
Wherein the vermiculite and the gravel are both selected from Shanghai mineral products, Inc. of Lingshou county; the activated carbon is selected from Shandong Hongshengda chemical industry Co., Ltd; the wormcast and the humic acid are selected from Tianjin Yingjin technology Limited; the plant ash and the furfural residues are selected from sunshine original force biotechnology limited; the effective viable bacteria content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 10 11 CFU/g, the effective viable bacteria content of the bacillus licheniformis is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 10 11 CFU/g, and are each selected from Luoyang Ookuru Biotech, Inc.; the vegetable fiber binder is sodium carboxymethylcellulose and is selected from Shandong Zhenghong Biotech limited; the aluminum silicate fiber is selected from Shijiazhuang feijiMineral products, Inc.; the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder is prepared by the preparation example I-1; the nutrient element modified bentonite is prepared by the preparation example II-1; the phase-change temperature control powder is prepared from III-1.
A preparation method of a plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing vermiculite, gravel, plant ash, activated carbon, wormcast, humic acid, furfural residue, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, nutrient element modified bentonite, sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder, a plant fiber adhesive, aluminum silicate fiber and phase change temperature control powder to obtain the soil improvement composite material.
Examples 2 to 3
The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material is different from the soil improvement composite material in the raw material ratio shown in the table 1.
Example 4
The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material is different from the soil improvement composite material in example 1 in that the plant fiber binder is a mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, the weight ratio of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is 1:1, and the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose are both selected from Shandong Zhenghong biological science and technology limited company.
Example 5
The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material is different from the composite material in the embodiment 1 in that the phase-change temperature control powder is different from the phase-change temperature control powder in the raw materials of the soil improvement composite material, and the phase-change temperature control powder is prepared by the preparation example III-2.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material, which is different from example 1 in that no nutrient element-modified bentonite is added to the raw material of the soil improvement composite material.
Comparative example 2
The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material is different from the composite material in the embodiment 1 in that sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder is not added in the raw materials of the soil improvement composite material.
Comparative example 3
The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material is different from the composite material in the embodiment 1 in that the raw materials of the soil improvement composite material are not added with nutrient element modified bentonite and sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder.
Comparative example 4
A plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material, which is different from example 1 in that no plant fiber binder is added to the raw materials of the soil improvement composite material.
Comparative example 5
A plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material which is different from that of example 1 in that alumina silicate fiber is not added to the raw material of the soil improvement composite material.
Comparative example 6
The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material is different from the soil improvement composite material in example 1 in that the raw materials of the soil improvement composite material are not added with nutrient element modified bentonite, sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder, a plant fiber adhesive and aluminum silicate fiber.
Comparative example 7
The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material is different from the composite material in the embodiment 1 in that the phase-change temperature control powder is not added in the raw materials of the soil improvement composite material.
Performance test
The soil improvement composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 7 were used as samples, and the following performance tests were carried out on the samples, and the test results are shown in table 2.
Wherein the shear strength adopts the following method: a10 kg sample and 200kg sand were mixed well to form a modified sand body. And then paving the improved sand body with the paving thickness of 50cm, uniformly spraying 20kg of water on the surface of the improved sand body, evaporating and drying the water, repeatedly spraying the water and drying for 10 times, and then detecting the anti-shearing strength by adopting a direct shearing test method.
The water retention property adopts the following method: a10 kg sample and 200kg sand were mixed well to form a modified sand body. And then, paving the improved sand body with the paving thickness of 50cm, and uniformly spraying 20kg of water on the surface of the improved sand body. Then standing for 8h at the temperature of 45 ℃ and calculating the water loss rate. At the same time, a control was made and the same amount of sand was used to replace the sample in the control. The lower the water loss of the sample, the better the water retention.
The internal and external temperature difference adopts the following method: a10 kg sample and 200kg sand were mixed well to form a modified sand body. And then paving the improved sand body to 50 cm. And then standing for 1h at the temperature of 45 ℃, detecting the internal temperature of the sample, and calculating the internal and external temperature difference of the sample. The larger the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the sample is, the smaller the influence of the outside temperature is.
The survival rate adopts the following method: a100 kg sample and 2000kg sand were mixed well to form a modified sand body. And then, paving the improved sand body with the thickness of 50cm, and uniformly spraying 200kg of water on the surface of the improved sand body. Planting sea buckthorn seedlings or corn seeds in the improved sand body, then raising the temperature to 45 ℃ at a heating rate of 4 ℃/h, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2h, lowering the temperature to 5 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4 ℃/h, carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2h, repeating the heating and cooling treatment for 30 times, pouring 200kg of water every 10 times, and calculating the survival rate of the sea buckthorn and the emergence rate of the corn seeds after 30 times of repetition. At the same time, a control was made and the same amount of sand was used to replace the sample in the control. The higher the corn emergence rate and the sea-buckthorn survival rate of the sample are, the better the using effect is, and the repair of desertification areas is facilitated.
TABLE 2 test results
| Detecting items | Shear strength/(kPa) | Water loss/(%) | Difference between inside and outside temperature/(. degree. C.) | Rate of emergence/(%) | Survival rate/(%) |
| Example 1 | 254.6 | 25.3 | 20.7 | 91.4 | 86 |
| Example 2 | 250.4 | 26.4 | 18.2 | 89.8 | 84 |
| Example 3 | 252.3 | 27.5 | 23.4 | 87.4 | 82 |
| Example 4 | 259.7 | 21.5 | 20.9 | 92.4 | 88 |
| Examples5 | 253.4 | 23.5 | 25.3 | 97.8 | 92 |
| Comparative example 1 | 211.3 | 35.8 | 18.1 | 72.4 | 66 |
| Comparative example 2 | 222.9 | 31.7 | 20.2 | 74.2 | 68 |
| Comparative example 3 | 199.5 | 38.9 | 18.2 | 64.4 | 58 |
| Comparative example 4 | 214.1 | 36.8 | 19.9 | 70.8 | 64 |
| Comparative example 5 | 233.6 | 31.9 | 20.3 | 80.4 | 74 |
| Comparative example 6 | 152.3 | 52.7 | 17.9 | 38.6 | 32 |
| Comparative example 7 | 252.1 | 33.5 | 10.6 | 78.8 | 74 |
| Control group | / | 63.8 | / | 18.6 | 12 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material of the present application has a high shear strength of 250.4 to 259.7kPa, and shows a high universal bonding constraint. The water loss rate is low, is 21.5-27.5%, and shows high water retention; also has higher internal and external temperature difference, the internal and external temperature difference is 18.2-25.3 ℃, which shows that the temperature of the material is lower by the external temperature. Meanwhile, the corn seed setting agent has high emergence rate and survival rate, the corn emergence rate is 87.4-97.8%, the sea-buckthorn survival rate is 82-92%, and the corn seed setting agent shows high using effect. The soil improvement composite material has a good comprehensive effect, can form universal combination constraint between sand grains, realizes a self-repairing and regulating mechanism, effectively promotes the repairing of desertification areas, and accelerates the treatment of the desertification areas.
Comparing example 1 with comparative examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that the addition of the nutrient element modified bentonite and the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder to the raw materials increases the shear strength, the rate of emergence and the survival rate by utilizing the synergistic interaction between the nutrient element modified bentonite and the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder, and also reduces the water loss rate. And by combining with comparative examples 4-6, the synergistic effect among the nutrient element modified bentonite, the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder, the plant fiber adhesive and the aluminum silicate fiber is utilized, so that the shear strength, the emergence rate and the survival rate are obviously increased, and the use effect and the adaptability of the soil improvement composite material are improved.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 7, it can be seen that adding phase-change temperature control powder to the raw materials significantly increases the temperature difference between the inside and outside, and to a certain extent, also increases the rate of emergence and the survival rate, and reduces the rate of water loss. By combining the embodiment 5, the use effect of the phase-change temperature control powder is improved by utilizing the interaction between the C14 n-alkane paraffin and the C18 n-alkane paraffin.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material is characterized in that: the traditional Chinese medicine composition is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of vermiculite, 15-25 parts of gravel, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 5-15 parts of activated carbon, 10-20 parts of wormcast, 15-25 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of furfural residue, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 20-25 parts of nutrient element modified bentonite, 8-10 parts of sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder, 8-10 parts of plant fiber adhesive, 10-15 parts of aluminum silicate fiber and 20-25 parts of phase-change temperature control powder.
2. The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the vegetable fiber adhesive is one or two of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
3. The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder is prepared by the following method:
SA1, heating water to 60-70 ℃, adding gelatin, sodium alginate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution A;
SA2, heating the organic solvent to 45-55 ℃, adding the premixed liquid A in a dropping mode under continuous stirring, stirring for 10-15h after the premixed liquid A is dropped for 20-40min, cooling to 2-6 ℃, and filtering to obtain a primary finished product;
SA3, cooling the aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde to 2-6 ℃, adding the primary product under continuous stirring, stirring for 5-10h, filtering, and standing for 15-25h to obtain a semi-finished product;
SA4, cooling the calcium chloride aqueous solution to 2-6 deg.C, adding the semi-finished product under stirring, stirring for 5-10h, filtering, and oven drying to obtain sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder;
the weight ratio of water, gelatin, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and organic solvent is (90-110): 15-25): 1-3): 0.5-1.5): 900-; the weight ratio of gelatin, glutaraldehyde aqueous solution and calcium chloride aqueous solution is (15-25): (250-; the mass fraction of the glutaraldehyde aqueous solution is 5-15%; the mass fraction of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 5-15%.
4. The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the nutrient elements in the nutrient element modified bentonite are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
5. The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material according to claim 4, wherein: the nutrient element modified bentonite is prepared by the following method:
SB1, adding urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride into water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution B;
SB2, adding bentonite into water, stirring uniformly, then adding the premix B, continuing stirring for 4-6h, filtering, and drying to obtain nutrient element modified bentonite;
and the weight ratio of the bentonite, the urea, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and the potassium chloride is (45-55), (20-25), (8-13) and (5-10).
6. The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the phase-change temperature control powder is obtained by treating silicon dioxide by using normal paraffin wax.
7. The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material according to claim 6, wherein: the n-paraffin is a mixture of C14 n-paraffin and C18 n-paraffin, and the weight ratio of the C14 n-paraffin to the C18 n-paraffin is (1-3) to (1-3).
8. The plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material according to claim 6, wherein: the phase-change temperature control powder is prepared by the following method:
SC1, heating water to 60-70 ℃, adding an emulsifier, uniformly mixing, then adding n-paraffin wax, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a premixed solution C;
SC2, heating water to 60-70 ℃, adding silicon dioxide, stirring uniformly, then adding the premix C, continuing stirring for 15-20h, filtering, and drying to obtain phase-change temperature control powder;
and the weight ratio of the silicon dioxide, the normal paraffin wax and the emulsifier is (35-45), (35-45) and (1-3).
9. A method of preparing a plant fibre-bonded soil improving composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that: the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing vermiculite, gravel, plant ash, activated carbon, wormcast, humic acid, furfural residue, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, nutrient element modified bentonite, sodium alginate-gelatin composite microsphere powder, a plant fiber adhesive, aluminum silicate fiber and phase change temperature control powder to obtain the soil improvement composite material.
10. Use of the plant fiber-bonded soil improvement composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in desertified areas.
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