CN113604225A - Soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113604225A CN113604225A CN202110915856.1A CN202110915856A CN113604225A CN 113604225 A CN113604225 A CN 113604225A CN 202110915856 A CN202110915856 A CN 202110915856A CN 113604225 A CN113604225 A CN 113604225A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material, wherein the soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-65 parts of lychee wood charcoal material, 20-32 parts of microcapsule microbial inoculum and 10-25 parts of urea. The pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation and control material can obviously improve soil fertility and promote crop yield, obviously reduce Cd content in crops, and can be used as an ecological-friendly regulation and control material for Cd-polluted farmland soil or a compound fertilizer under the condition of reducing application amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of farmland soil pollution control, in particular to a preparation method and a preparation method of a soil pollution control and yield increase bidirectional regulation material.
Background
Cadmium (Cd) is considered one of the most prominent contaminants and is identified as a carcinogen by the International Agency For Cancer Research On Cancer. Cd pollution can affect soil ecosystem, inhibit plant growth, reduce crop yield and quality, and pose a threat to human health through the food chain. Meanwhile, the widespread use of chemical fertilizers has also become a new problem worldwide due to their adverse effects on the soil microflora and soil quality, as well as being one of the important sources of cadmium pollution. Therefore, the development of an eco-friendly compound fertilizer is imperative.
In the prior art, biochar is a carbon-rich product generated by pyrolysis of organic biomass in a limited oxygen environment, and plays an important role in improving soil fertility and crop productivity and reducing the absorption of crops to heavy metals by promoting the fixation of effective metals. The pyrolysis process of pure biochar results in significant carbon loss due to lack of material coverage and high volatility, and the very low content of nutrient elements in ordinary biochar limits biochar as a replacement for fertilizers. Among the modified biocoke methods, clay loading is considered as an effective method. The attapulgite is a crystalline hydrated magnesium aluminum silicate mineral, has a unique layer chain structure characteristic, has lattice displacement in the structure, and contains variable Na+、Ca2 +、Fe3+、Al3+The crystals are needle-shaped, fibrous or fibrous aggregates. Because of the ideal characteristics of cation exchangeability, water absorption, adsorption decoloration, large specific surface area, colloid value, expansion capacity and the like, attapulgite is used for purifying drinking water, treating industrial wastewater and repairing and improving soil polluted by heavy metals. The charcoal modified by phosphorus or nitrogen fertilizers can be used as an effective slow-release fertilizer to play a role, reduce the loss of nitrogen, improve the crop yield and strengthen the fixation of effective Cd by forming low-soluble metal phosphate precipitates or increasing the adsorption capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the biochar using the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulating material and a preparation method thereof. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation and control material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40-65 parts of lychee wood charcoal material, 20-32 parts of microcapsule microbial inoculum and 10-25 parts of urea;
the litchi wood biochar material is prepared by compounding the following raw materials:
the mass ratio is 3-15: 2: 1, litchi branches and leaves, calcium superphosphate and attapulgite.
Further, the litchi wood biochar material is compounded from the following raw materials: the mass ratio is 4: 2: 1, litchi branches and leaves, calcium superphosphate and attapulgite.
Further, the litchi wood biochar material is compounded from the following raw materials: the mass ratio is 8: 2: 1, litchi branches and leaves, calcium superphosphate and attapulgite.
Further, the preparation method of the microcapsule microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
1) culturing a bacterial liquid: inoculating the stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain into a 5L fermentation tank according to the inoculation amount of 5%, culturing for 24h under the conditions of the rotating speed of 180r/min, the pH value of 7.5 and the ventilation capacity of 5L/min, and then collecting bacterial liquid;
2) preparing a microcapsule microbial inoculum: adding 0.2g/L of polycation aqueous solution into the bacterial liquid to enable the polycation aqueous solution to be automatically deposited on the surfaces of the bacteria, and then adding equal-volume 0.2g/L of polyanion aqueous solution to enable the polyanion aqueous solution to be further deposited on the surfaces of the polycations; repeating the steps for 2-3 times to encapsulate the bacterial liquid in the microcapsule, and finally successfully preparing the microcapsule microbial inoculum.
In another aspect, the application also claims a preparation method of the soil pollution control and yield increase bidirectional regulating material according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises the following steps:
1) method for preparing litchi wood biochar material by pyrolysis
Mixing the litchi branches and leaves with calcium superphosphate and attapulgite, then placing the pot in a tubular furnace at a certain temperature, placing the pot for 1-4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then cooling the biochar to room temperature;
2) preparation of pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material
Mixing the loaded charcoal material, the micro-capsule microbial inoculum and urea in proportion, wetting by distilled water and stirring until the mixture is completely mixed and stable; and baking the mixture for 24 hours at the temperature of between 40 and 80 ℃, passing the dried product through a 100-mesh sieve, and storing the sieved product in a self-sealing bag to obtain the soil pollution control and yield increase bidirectional regulating material.
Further, the temperature in the tube furnace is 300 ℃ to 600 ℃.
Further, the heating time under the nitrogen atmosphere was 2 hours.
Further, the drying temperature is 50 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the material disclosed by the invention is reasonably matched according to the nutrient requirements of crops, so that the material can be better absorbed and utilized by plants, the utilization rate of the material is improved, the volume weight of soil can be reduced, the air permeability and the water permeability of the soil are improved, the rapid growth of crop roots is promoted, the problem of heavy metal Cd pollution of the soil due to application of organic fertilizers can be effectively reduced, and the purposes of resource reduction and pollution prevention are achieved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation and control material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-65 parts of lychee wood charcoal material, 20-32 parts of microcapsule microbial inoculum and 10-25 parts of urea; the litchi wood biochar material is prepared by compounding the following raw materials: the mass ratio is 3-15: 2: 1, litchi branches and leaves, calcium superphosphate and attapulgite.
The preparation method of the microcapsule microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
1) culturing a microbial agent: respectively streaking Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) on a beef extract peptone culture medium, culturing at 28-30 ℃ for 48h, respectively inoculating into 500mL triangular flasks, and culturing at 30 ℃ and 150r/min for 12 h; then inoculating into a 5L seed tank according to the inoculation amount of 5 percent, and culturing for 24 hours at 180r/min, pH 7.5 and ventilation capacity of 5L/min;
2) preparing a microcapsule microbial inoculum: adding 0.2g/L polycation into the bacterial liquid to deposit on the surface of a bacterial body, and adding an equal-volume and equal-concentration polyanion solution to further deposit on the surface of the polycation; repeating the steps for 2-3 times to embed the bacterial liquid in the microcapsule, thereby preparing the microcapsule microbial inoculum.
The preparation method of the soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation and control material comprises the following steps:
1) method for preparing litchi wood biochar material by pyrolysis
Mixing the litchi branches and leaves with calcium superphosphate and attapulgite, then placing the pot in a tubular furnace at a certain temperature, placing the pot for 1-4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then cooling the biochar to room temperature;
2) preparation of pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material
Mixing the loaded charcoal material, the micro-capsule microbial inoculum and urea in proportion, wetting by distilled water and stirring until the mixture is completely mixed and stable; and baking the mixture for 24 hours at the temperature of between 40 and 80 ℃, passing the dried product through a 100-mesh sieve, and storing the sieved product in a self-sealing bag to obtain the soil pollution control and yield increase bidirectional regulating material.
The novel soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation and control material is synthesized by loading attapulgite, calcium superphosphate, a micro-capsule microbial inoculum, urea and distilled water on branches and leaves of litchi, has excellent fertilizer efficiency under the condition of low application amount, and can effectively fix Cd in polluted soil.
The technical scheme of the application is described in detail by combining the embodiment as follows:
example 1
A soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58 parts of lychee wood charcoal material, 20 parts of micro-capsule microbial inoculum and 22 parts of urea;
the litchi wood biochar material is prepared by compounding the following raw materials: the mass ratio is 4: 2: 1, litchi branches and leaves, calcium superphosphate and attapulgite.
The culture method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) is streaked on a beef extract peptone medium, cultured at 28-30 ℃ for 48h, then respectively inoculated into 500mL triangular flasks, and cultured at 30 ℃ and 150r/min for 12 h. Then inoculating into 5L seed tank according to the inoculum size of 5%, and culturing at 180r/min, pH 7.5, and ventilation rate of 5L/min for 24 h. The Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) may be selected from commercially available products.
Nutrient gravy culture medium, components and dosage (g/L): beef extract 3, peptone 10, NaCl5 and agar 20, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0-7.2.
The method comprises the following specific steps: 1) culturing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Stenotrophoromonas maltophilia) in a bacterial culture solution to obtain a bacterial solution; 2) adding 20ml of polycation (chitosan) of 0.2g/L into the bacterial liquid to deposit on the surface of a bacterial body, and adding polyanion (sodium alginate) solution with equal volume and concentration into the bacterial liquid to further deposit on the surface of the chitosan. Repeating the above steps for 2-3 times to embed the bacteria solution in the microcapsule. Thereby preparing the bacterial immobilized microcapsule. Aseptically bagging and sealing, and storing in a 4-degree refrigerator.
The pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulating material is prepared by the following method:
1) method for preparing litchi wood biochar material by pyrolysis
Mixing the litchi branches and leaves with calcium superphosphate and attapulgite, then placing the pot in a tubular furnace at 450 ℃, placing for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, and then cooling the biochar to room temperature;
2) preparation of pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material
Mixing the loaded charcoal material, the micro-capsule microbial inoculum and urea in proportion, wetting by distilled water and stirring until the mixture is completely mixed and stable; then granulating by a granulator, cooling and sieving to ensure that the particle size is 2.5-3.5mm, thus obtaining the pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulating material.
Example 2
A soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 58 parts of lychee wood charcoal material, 22 parts of micro-capsule microbial inoculum, 9 parts of urea and 11 parts of distilled water;
the litchi wood biochar material is prepared by compounding the following raw materials: the mass ratio is 8: 2: 1, litchi branches and leaves, calcium superphosphate and attapulgite.
The preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) is streaked on a beef extract peptone medium, cultured at 28-30 ℃ for 48h, then respectively inoculated into 500mL triangular flasks, and cultured at 30 ℃ and 150r/min for 12 h. Then inoculating into 5L seed tank according to the inoculum size of 5%, and culturing at 180r/min, pH 7.5, and ventilation rate of 5L/min for 24 h.
Nutrient gravy culture medium, components and dosage (g/L): beef extract 3, peptone 10, NaCl5 and agar 20, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0-7.2.
The method comprises the following specific steps: 1) culturing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Stenotrophoromonas maltophilia) in a bacterial culture solution to obtain a bacterial solution; 2) adding 20ml of polycation (chitosan) of 0.2g/L into the bacterial liquid to deposit on the surface of a bacterial body, and adding polyanion (sodium alginate) solution with equal volume and concentration into the bacterial liquid to further deposit on the surface of the chitosan. Repeating the above steps for 2-3 times to embed the bacteria solution in the microcapsule. Thereby preparing the bacterial immobilized microcapsule. Aseptically bagging and sealing, and storing in a 4-degree refrigerator.
The soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material is prepared by the following method:
1) method for preparing litchi wood biochar material by pyrolysis
Mixing the litchi branches and leaves with calcium superphosphate and attapulgite, then placing the pot in a tubular furnace at 700 ℃, placing for 1h in nitrogen atmosphere, and then cooling the biochar to room temperature;
2) preparation of pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material
Mixing the loaded charcoal material, the micro-capsule microbial inoculum and urea in proportion, wetting by distilled water and stirring until the mixture is completely mixed and stable; and baking the mixture for 24 hours at the temperature of between 40 and 80 ℃, passing the dried product through a 100-mesh sieve, and storing the sieved product in a self-sealing bag to obtain the soil pollution control and yield increase bidirectional regulating material.
Application example 1
Experimental example the soil pollution control and yield increase bidirectional regulation and control material prepared in the example 1-2.
Quality 553 of tested variety Toyota
Test crop of rice
The experimental site, Maoming city, Guangdong province
The treatment mode is that 30kg of common compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer per mu in a comparative example, 15kg of fertilizer is additionally applied per mu every week for 60 kg/mu in total in two weeks after transplanting, and each test cell is 30M 2; the application amount and the application method of each example are consistent, and the application is carried out according to 60 kg/mu. Carrying out related rice quality and yield statistics on the results according to statistical requirements, and carrying out actual yield per mu statistics, wherein the specific results are as follows
TABLE 1 field test results
Material | Growth period/day | Yield of the product | Comparison of yields |
Experimental example 1 | 120 | 592.4 kg/mu | 14.05% |
Experimental example 2 | 120 | 602.3 kg/mu | 15.96% |
Common compound fertilizer | 125 | 519.4 kg/mu | - |
The content of the effective heavy metal Cd in the soil before and after the application of the material and the content of the heavy metal Cd in the harvested paddy are detected, and the result shows that the content of the effective heavy metal Cd in the soil after the application of the pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material is reduced by more than 48 percent, namely from 6.04 mg/kg to 2.89 mg/kg; the heavy metal Cd content in the harvested paddy is 0.02mg/kg, and the result shows that the pollution-control yield-increase bidirectional regulation material can effectively prevent and control the transfer of the heavy metal Cd to paddy grains; according to the results, the components in the novel soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material can continuously release fertility, so that the immunity of rice is improved, production and restoration are realized, the problem of pollution of heavy metal Cd in soil due to application of organic fertilizers can be effectively reduced, and the pollution prevention and utilization of resources in a reduction mode is achieved.
Application example 2
Experimental example the soil pollution control and yield increase bidirectional regulation and control material prepared in the example 1-2.
Test crop-Shuidong mustard
The experimental site, Maoming city, Guangdong province
The soil culture experiment is carried out in the soil pollution process and control laboratory of the Guangdong petrochemical industry institute. The research soil is collected from a 0-20 cm soil layer of a Cd-polluted farmland in a suburb of the famous city. The average pH value of the soil is 7.59, and the Cd content is 4.46 mg/kg. After air-drying and screening, the soil was treated with the soil pollution control and yield increase bidirectional control materials of Experimental examples 1 and 2, respectively, at room temperature (25 ℃) for 60 days. The biochar compound fertilizer is fully mixed with soil, filled into a closed container with a small hole, and the container is irrigated with deionized water and is kept at 70% of the maximum soil water content. The assay was run in triplicate and a control group of control material was set up without addition. After 60 days, three groups of experiments respectively transplant the Shuidong mustard to the soil sample, and the content of Cd in the Shuidong mustard is determined after 14 days.
TABLE 1 results of the experiment
Material | 60 days later, the content of Cd in the soil | Cd content in Shuidong mustard after 14 days |
Experimental example 1 | 2.12mg/kg | 0.029mg/kg |
Experimental example 2 | 1.83mg/kg | 0.021mg/kg |
Control group | 4.02mg/kg | 0.230mg/kg |
The result shows that after the soil treated by the pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation and control material is transplanted with the Shuidong mustard, the content of heavy metal Cd in the Shuidong mustard is obviously reduced, and the Shuidong mustard in the experimental example meets the limit requirement in the national food safety standard GB 2762-. The result shows that the novel soil pollution-control yield-increase bidirectional regulation and control material can effectively prevent and control the migration of heavy metal Cd to crops, improve the immunity of Shuidong brassica juncea, realize production and repair, improve the pollution problem of the heavy metal Cd in the soil, and achieve the pollution-prevention utilization of resource reduction.
The research results show that the low application amount of the soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation and control material provides a promising, feasible and eco-friendly strategy for fixing effective Cd in soil, promoting crop growth and reducing the risk of Cd in agriculture.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation and control material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40-65 parts of lychee wood charcoal material, 20-32 parts of microcapsule microbial inoculum and 10-25 parts of urea;
the litchi wood biochar material is prepared by compounding the following raw materials:
the mass ratio is 3-15: 2: 1, litchi branches and leaves, calcium superphosphate and attapulgite.
2. The soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation and control material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lychee wood charcoal material is compounded from the following raw materials: the mass ratio is 4: 2: 1, litchi branches and leaves, calcium superphosphate and attapulgite.
3. The soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation and control material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lychee wood charcoal material is compounded from the following raw materials: the mass ratio is 8: 2: 1, litchi branches and leaves, calcium superphosphate and attapulgite.
4. The soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulating material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the microcapsule microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
1) culturing a bacterial liquid: inoculating the stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain into a 5L fermentation tank according to the inoculation amount of 5%, culturing for 24h under the conditions of the rotating speed of 180r/min, the pH value of 7.5 and the ventilation capacity of 5L/min, and then collecting bacterial liquid;
2) preparing a microcapsule microbial inoculum: adding 0.2g/L of polycation aqueous solution into the bacterial liquid to enable the polycation aqueous solution to be automatically deposited on the surfaces of the bacteria, and then adding equal-volume 0.2g/L of polyanion aqueous solution to enable the polyanion aqueous solution to be further deposited on the surfaces of the polycations; repeating the steps for 2-3 times to encapsulate the bacterial liquid in the microcapsule, and finally successfully preparing the microcapsule microbial inoculum.
5. The method for preparing the soil pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) method for preparing litchi wood biochar material by pyrolysis
Mixing the litchi branches and leaves with calcium superphosphate and attapulgite, then placing the pot in a tubular furnace at a certain temperature, placing the pot for 1-4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then cooling the biochar to room temperature;
2) preparation of pollution-control and yield-increase bidirectional regulation material
Mixing the loaded charcoal material, the micro-capsule microbial inoculum and urea in proportion, wetting by distilled water and stirring until the mixture is completely mixed and stable; and baking the mixture for 24 hours at the temperature of between 40 and 80 ℃, passing the dried product through a 100-mesh sieve, and storing the sieved product in a self-sealing bag to obtain the soil pollution control and yield increase bidirectional regulating material.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the temperature in the tube furnace is between 300 ℃ and 600 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the heating time under the nitrogen atmosphere is 2 h.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the drying temperature is 50 ℃.
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Application publication date: 20211105 |