CN114057527A - Composite soil conditioner for improving polluted soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite soil conditioner for improving polluted soil and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114057527A
CN114057527A CN202111337310.9A CN202111337310A CN114057527A CN 114057527 A CN114057527 A CN 114057527A CN 202111337310 A CN202111337310 A CN 202111337310A CN 114057527 A CN114057527 A CN 114057527A
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soil
composite
microbial inoculum
corn
parts
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邓辅财
窦容妮
孙建腾
滕青
牛显春
于晓龙
孙容容
余元元
朱锡芬
马寅
周海军
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Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
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Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C12N11/04—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier entrapped within the carrier, e.g. gel or hollow fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C12N11/10—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a carbohydrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biological treatment technology and agricultural production of environmental pollutants, and provides a composite soil conditioner for improving polluted soil, which comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 10-20 parts of corn straw nano biochar material, 5-10 parts of nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum and 70-85 parts of microbial fertilizer, wherein the sum of the above components is 100 parts. The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite soil conditioner for improving the polluted soil. The composite soil conditioner for improving the polluted soil and the preparation method thereof can obviously reduce the content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil, improve the slow release effect of soil fertilizers and promote the yield and quality of crops, and can be used as the composite conditioner and fertilizer for the soil of the PAHs polluted farmland.

Description

Composite soil conditioner for improving polluted soil and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental pollutant biological treatment technology and agricultural production, and particularly relates to a novel composite soil conditioner for improving polluted soil, which has the functions of pollution remediation and soil fertility improvement, and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Efficient green restoration of organic contaminated farmland soil, soil fertility improvement and crop quality improvement are hot and difficult problems of modern agriculture. Due to the complexity of a soil system, the problem that crop cultivation is affected by the long repair period often exists in green repair, so that the development of an advanced novel repair technology or material for 'repair-production-promotion' and even 'repair-production-promotion' becomes a great development trend of modern agriculture at present.
According to statistics, the total annual discharge amount of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in China is up to 25,300 tons, more than 90 percent of PAHs in the atmosphere are collected into the soil due to the atmospheric sedimentation effect, so that the content of PAHs in a large amount of land exceeds the standard, the agricultural production is influenced, and even the sustainable development of human health and an ecological system is threatened. Therefore, a novel composite PAHs contaminated soil conditioner with the functions of pollution remediation and soil fertility improvement is developed, so that the pollution risk of the PAHs in the soil is relieved, the safety of agricultural products is guaranteed, meanwhile, farmland soil can be improved, soil fertility is improved, the yield and quality of crops are improved, the yield and income of farmers are increased, the scientific and technological happy villages are realized, and the environment significance, the social significance and the political significance are important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil and a preparation method thereof, which are used for reducing the content of organic pollutants in farmland soil and crops, improving the slow release effect of soil fertilizers and promoting the yield and quality of the crops.
The invention provides a composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil, which comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 10-20 parts of a corn straw nano biochar material, 5-10 parts of a nanocarbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum and 70-85 parts of a microbial fertilizer, wherein the sum of the above components is 100 parts.
Further, the preparation method of the corn straw nano biochar material comprises the following steps:
crushing corn straws, placing the crushed corn straws in a tubular furnace, and firing the corn straws for 3 to 5 hours at a high temperature under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere to obtain corn straw biochar;
cooling the prepared corn straw biochar to room temperature;
and (3) crushing the mixture to 20-100nm by using a ball mill to obtain the corn straw nano biochar material.
Further, the preparation method of the nanocarbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
culturing the strain: culturing by adopting a sphingolipid monad GY2B strain, inoculating the strain into a fermentation tank containing a nutrient gravy culture medium, and collecting a degrading bacteria liquid by rotary centrifugation;
preparing a nano carbon hybrid micro-capsule microbial inoculum: adding CaCl22H2O、Na2CO3Preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.2-0.4mol/L and the same time, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 1-3 g L from the polycation electrolyte material chitosan and the polyanion electrolyte material sodium alginate-1(ii) a 20mL of CaCl is taken22H2Adding an O solution, 40mL of a polycation electrolyte material chitosan solution and the corn straw nano biochar material into the degrading bacteria liquid cultured in the previous step, and rapidly adding Na with the same volume under magnetic stirring2CO3Stirring the solution for 1-3 min, and standing for 20-40 min to obtain polycation electrolyte material chitosan-doped calcium carbonate colloidal particles; washing the calcium carbonate colloidal particles doped with the polycation electrolyte material chitosan with water for 2-4 times, adding 40mL of polyanion electrolyte material sodium alginate solution into the polycation electrolyte material chitosan to further deposit the calcium carbonate colloidal particles on the surface of the polycation electrolyte material chitosan, then adding the polycation electrolyte material chitosan for further deposition, continuously stirring the adding process, repeating the steps for 3 times, and embedding the corn straw nano-biochar material and the degrading bacteria into a microcapsule;
preparing a nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum: and removing the calcium carbonate template by using EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) with the pH value of 6.5 to obtain the self-assembled immobilized nanocarbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum.
Further, the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:
pretreating and crushing corn straws, and adding a fermentation bacteria agent accounting for 4-6 wt% of the total raw materials to obtain a mixed material;
and (3) placing the mixed material into a composting barrel for fermentation, and crushing and drying the fermented material to obtain the microbial fertilizer.
Further, the pretreatment crushing of the corn straws comprises the following steps:
drying the crushed corn straws until the water content is 50% -60%, and adding urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 20-30: 1.
Further, the fermentation microbial inoculum comprises a mixture of a composite microbial inoculum formed by photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes and a rice bran matrix, and the mixing ratio of the composite microbial inoculum to the rice bran matrix is 2-4: 100.
further, the mass ratio of photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes in the fermentation microbial inoculum is 1-2: 1-2: 2-3: 5 to 8.
Further, the step of placing the mixed materials in a compost bucket for fermentation comprises the following steps:
and (3) putting the mixed materials into composting barrels, wherein the total mass of the piles in each barrel is 4-6 kg, adjusting the water content of the piles to 65-75 wt%, piling and fermenting for 12-18 d, and turning the piles once every 4-6 d.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite soil conditioner for improving the polluted soil, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing 10-20 parts of corn straw nano biochar material, 5-10 parts of nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum and 70-85 parts of microbial fertilizer in proportion;
s2, wetting and uniformly stirring the mixture by using distilled water after mixing, and then drying the mixture at the temperature of 35-45 ℃;
and S3, sieving the dried mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the composite soil conditioner containing the nanocarbon modified microbial fertilizer.
Further, the drying temperature was 40 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the composite soil conditioner for improving the polluted soil and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the composite soil conditioner for improving the polluted soil has double effects of 'pollution remediation' and 'soil improvement', can obviously reduce the content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil and crops, improves the slow release effect of soil fertilizers, and promotes the yield and quality of the crops.
2. According to the invention, the composite soil conditioner is prepared by mixing the corn straw nano biochar material, the nano-carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum and the microbial fertilizer, so that the loss of fertilizer nutrients on the microbial fertilizer can be reduced, the application of the fertilizer is effectively reduced, and the soil hardening is avoided.
3. The nano carbon contains rich functional groups, and after being applied to soil, the total charge amount and the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of the soil can be obviously improved.
4. Because the nano carbon has a large amount of pore structures, the soil structure can be improved, the water holding capacity of the soil is increased, and meanwhile, a large amount of nutrient substances can be adsorbed and stored in tiny pores, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for bacterial manure and functional microorganisms in the soil, the quantity and activity of the functional microorganisms in the soil are improved, the ecological quality of the soil is improved, the functions of a soil ecosystem are enhanced, and the sustainable development of the soil is realized.
The sphingolipid monad (Sphingomonas) GY2B of the invention is preserved in China center for type culture Collection (CCTCC M206019) 24.2.2006, the number of the strain is CCTCC M206019, the strain is disclosed in Chinese patent CN104651346B, and the strain belongs to the prior art.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The invention provides a composite soil conditioner for improving polluted soil, aiming at overcoming the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, and the composite soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 10-20 parts of corn straw nano biochar material, 5-10 parts of nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum and 70-85 parts of microbial fertilizer, wherein the sum of the components is 100 parts.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the corn straw nano biochar material comprises the following steps:
crushing corn straws, placing the crushed corn straws in a tubular furnace, and firing the corn straws for 3 to 5 hours at a high temperature under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere to obtain corn straw biochar;
cooling the prepared corn straw biochar to room temperature;
and (3) crushing the mixture to 20-100nm by using a ball mill to obtain the corn straw nano biochar material.
Wherein the temperature in the tubular furnace is 700 ℃, and the tubular furnace is fired for 4 hours at a high temperature under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the nanocarbon modified microcapsule microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
culturing the strain: culturing by adopting a sphingolipid monad (Sphingomonas) GY2B strain, inoculating the strain into a 5L fermentation tank (with the inoculation amount of 5 percent) containing a nutrient gravy culture medium, culturing for 48h under the conditions of the rotation speed of 150r/min, the pH value of 7.0-7.2 and the ventilation amount of 6L/min, and then centrifugally collecting a degrading bacterium liquid. Wherein, the components and the dosage (g/L) of the nutrient gravy culture medium are as follows: beef extract 3, peptone 10, NaCl 5 and agar 20, and adjusting the pH value to be 7.0-7.2.
Preparing a nano carbon hybrid micro-capsule microbial inoculum: adding CaCl22H2O、Na2CO3Preparing 0.2-0.4mol/L of water solution with equal concentration, and preparing 1-3 g.L of water solution with equal concentration from polycation electrolyte material Chitosan (CHI) and polyanion electrolyte material sodium Alginate (ALG)-1(ii) a 20mL of CaCl is taken22H2Adding O solution, 40mL polycation electrolyte material Chitosan (CHI) solution and the corn straw nano biochar material into a certain amount of degradation bacterium liquid cultured in the previous step, and rapidly adding Na with the same volume under magnetic stirring2CO3Stirring the solution for 1-3 min, and standing for 20-40 min to obtain polycation electrolyte material Chitosan (CHI) doped calcium carbonate (CaCO3(CHI)) colloidal particles; rapidly collecting by a centrifugal method, washing the obtained polycation electrolyte material Chitosan (CHI) -doped calcium carbonate colloidal particles with water for 2-4 times, adding 40mL of polyanion electrolyte material sodium Alginate (ALG) solution into the polycation electrolyte material Chitosan (CHI) solution to further deposit on the surface of the polycation electrolyte material Chitosan (CHI), then adding the polycation electrolyte material Chitosan (CHI) to further deposit, continuously stirring the adding process, and repeating the step for 3 times to ensure that the CHI is obtainedAnd ALG (aluminum silicate glass) alternately depositing 2 layers, so that the corn straw nano biochar material and the degrading bacteria are embedded in the microcapsule. Wherein, the deposition process needs to be kept still for deposition, but the stirring process needs to be continuously carried out during the adding of the CHI or the ALG. The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly preparing polycation electrolyte material Chitosan (CHI) doped calcium carbonate (CaCO3(CHI)) colloidal particles, then adding polyanion electrolyte material sodium Alginate (ALG) solution for deposition, and of course, also can prepare polyanion electrolyte material sodium Alginate (ALG) doped calcium carbonate (CaCO3(ALG)) colloidal particles, and then adding polycation electrolyte material Chitosan (CHI) solution for deposition. And the usage amount of the corn straw nano biochar material is 3% of the mass of the microcapsule material. Finally the embedding amount of the microorganisms is 10 by using the using amount of the degrading bacteria liquid10CFU/g microcapsule microbial inoculum.
Preparing a nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum: and removing the calcium carbonate template by using 0.2mol/L EDTA (PH is 6.5) to obtain the LBL self-assembly immobilized nanocarbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum.
Above CaCl22H2O、Na2CO3The concentration of the aqueous solution was 0.4 mol/L.
During the preparation process of the nano-carbon hybrid micro-capsule microbial inoculum, the same volume of Na is rapidly added under the magnetic stirring2CO3The solution was stirred for 2min and then allowed to stand for 30 min. And, the microparticles were washed 3 times with water.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:
pretreating and crushing corn straws, and adding a fermentation bacteria agent accounting for 4-6 wt% of the total raw materials to obtain a mixed material;
and (3) placing the mixed material into a composting barrel for fermentation, and crushing and drying the fermented material to obtain the microbial fertilizer.
Further, the pretreatment crushing of the corn straws comprises the following steps:
drying the crushed corn straws until the water content is 50% -60%, and adding urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 20-30: 1.
The C/N ratio was adjusted to 25: 1.
Further, the fermentation microbial inoculum comprises a mixture of a composite microbial inoculum formed by photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes and a rice bran matrix, and the mixing ratio of the composite microbial inoculum to the rice bran matrix is 2-4: 100. preferably, the mixing ratio of the mixture of the complex microbial inoculum and the rice bran matrix is 3: 100. the amount of the zymophyte used for fermentation is 5 wt% of the total raw materials.
Further, the mass ratio of photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes in the fermentation microbial inoculum is 1-2: 1-2: 2-3: 5 to 8. Preferably, the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast, the fermentation filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes in the fermentation bacteria agent is 1.5: 1.5: 2.5: 6.5.
further, the step of placing the mixed materials in a compost bucket for fermentation comprises the following steps:
and (3) putting the mixed materials into composting barrels, wherein the total mass of the piles in each barrel is 4-6 kg, adjusting the water content of the piles to 65-75 wt%, piling and fermenting for 12-18 d, and turning the piles once every 4-6 d. Preferably, the stacking fermentation time is 15d, and the stacking frequency is every 5 d.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite soil conditioner for improving the polluted soil, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing 10-20 parts of corn straw nano biochar material, 5-10 parts of nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum and 70-85 parts of microbial fertilizer in proportion;
s2, wetting and uniformly stirring the mixture by using distilled water after mixing, and then drying the mixture at the temperature of 35-45 ℃;
and S3, sieving the dried mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the composite soil conditioner containing the nanocarbon modified microbial fertilizer.
Further, the drying temperature was 40 ℃.
The preparation methods of the corn straw nano biochar material, the nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum and the microbial fertilizer refer to the preparation method described above.
The above technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner for improving the polluted soil
(1) Preparation of corn stalk nano biochar material
Crushing corn straws, placing the crushed corn straws into a tube furnace, firing the corn straws for 4 hours at 700 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and cooling the prepared corn straw biochar to room temperature; then crushing the mixture to 20-100nm by using a ball mill to obtain the corn straw nano carbon material;
(2) preparation of microbial fertilizer
The method comprises the steps of pretreating and crushing corn straws, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum (a mixture (2-4: 100) of a composite microbial inoculum comprising photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes and a rice bran matrix, and 4-6 wt% of the total raw materials) to obtain a mixed material, then placing the mixed material into a composting barrel for fermentation, crushing the fermented material, and drying to obtain the microbial fertilizer.
Wherein, the corn straw pretreatment step is carried out as follows: drying the crushed corn straws until the water content is 50% -60%, adding urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 20-30, and adding a fermentation microbial inoculum. The mass ratio of photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes in the fermentation microbial inoculum is (1-2): (1-2): (2-3): (5-8).
The fermentation process comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the mixed materials into composting barrels, wherein the total mass of the piles in each barrel is 4-6 kg, adjusting the water content of the piles to 65-75 wt%, piling and fermenting for 12-18 d, and turning the piles once every 4-6 d.
(3) Preparing a nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum:
the culture method of the Sphingomonas (Sphingomonas) GY2B strain of the invention comprises the following steps:
inoculating the strain into 5L fermentation tank (5% inoculation amount) containing nutrient gravy culture medium, culturing at rotation speed of 150r/min, pH 7.0-7.2 and ventilation amount of 6L/min for 48h, and centrifuging to collect bacterial liquid. Wherein, the nutrient gravy culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight (g/L): beef extract 3, peptone 10, NaCl 5, agar 20, and adjusting p H7.0-7.2.
Adding CaCl22H2O、Na2CO3Preparing 0.2-0.4mol/L aqueous solution with equal concentration. Meanwhile, a polycation electrolyte material Chitosan (CHI) and a polyanion electrolyte material sodium Alginate (ALG) are prepared into aqueous solutions with equal concentrations of 1-3 g L-1. 20mL of CaCl is taken22H2Adding O solution, 40mL CHI solution and a certain amount of the prepared corn straw nanocarbon into a certain amount of degradation bacterium liquid, and rapidly adding Na with the same volume under magnetic stirring2CO3Stirring the solution for 1-3 min, and standing for 20-40 min to obtain CHI-doped calcium carbonate (CaCO)3(CHI)) colloidal particles. And (3) rapidly collecting by a centrifugal method, washing the obtained particles with water for 2-4 times, adding 40mL of ALG solution into the particles to further deposit the particles on the surface of the CHI, then changing the CHI to deposit, stirring according to the steps, standing, repeating the steps for 3 times, and finally embedding the nanocarbon and the degrading bacteria into the microcapsule.
And finally, removing the calcium carbonate template by using 0.2mol/L EDTA (pH 6.5) to obtain the LBL self-assembly immobilized nanocarbon hybrid modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum.
(4) Preparation of composite soil conditioner
Mixing the nano biochar material, the nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum and the microbial fertilizer in proportion, wetting by distilled water and uniformly stirring; and then drying at 40 ℃, and crushing and sieving the product to obtain the composite soil conditioner for improving the polluted soil.
Application of the composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil prepared in application example 1 to improvement of quality of corn crops
The implementation mode is as follows: in the corn field, the compound soil conditioner or the common compound fertilizer for improving the polluted soil is applied in the form of base fertilizer about 10 days before deep ploughing, the application amount of the compound soil conditioner or the common compound fertilizer is 100kg per mu, each treatment is arranged in three parallel, and each parallel is arranged in a test cell 20m 2. The final corn quality and yield statistics are shown in table 1, the initial 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents in the experimental field are shown in table 2, and the total soil residue amount after the fertilizer is applied for 60 days is shown in table 3; the dehydrogenase activity and FDA total activity change in soil after 60 days of fertilizer application are shown in Table 4; the number of bacteria in the soil and the number of PAHs degrading bacteria are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 1 statistics of maize quality and yield
Figure BDA0003351054480000091
Table 2 content of the initial 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the experimental site
Figure BDA0003351054480000092
Figure BDA0003351054480000101
TABLE 3 Total amount of soil remaining after 60 days of fertilizer application
Figure BDA0003351054480000102
TABLE 4 Dehydrogenase Activity and FDA Total Activity Change after 60 days on Fertilizer
Figure BDA0003351054480000103
TABLE 5 number of bacteria and PAHs degrading bacteria in soil after 60 days of fertilizer application
Figure BDA0003351054480000104
The implementation result shows that the growth period of the corns planted by applying the common compound fertilizer is 61 days, while the growth period of the corns in the treatment group applying the fertilizer is reduced to 56 days, so that the time cost of planting is obviously reduced; in addition, the per mu yield of the corn applied with the fertilizer treatment group is improved from 562 +/-15 kg/mu applied with the common compound fertilizer to 708 +/-22 kg/mu, the yield increase amplitude is up to 26 percent, the income increase of each mu of corn can be 438 yuan according to the corn purchase price of 3.0 yuan/kg, and the income increase effect is obvious.
Meanwhile, the total amount of PAHs in the soil 60 days after the corn is planted by applying the fertilizer is 2301.3 mu g before the fertilizer is applied-1Soil was reduced to 927.8. mu.g.kg-1In the same case, the control group applied with the common compound fertilizer only reduced to 1558.2 mug-1The total amount of PAHs in the soil treated by applying the fertilizer is obviously less (40.5 percent less) than that of the soil of a control group, so that the fertilizer has obvious advantages compared with the common compound fertilizer in the aspect of reducing the PAHs in the soil.
In addition, the dehydrogenase activity and FDA total activity as well as the bacterial quantity and PAHs degrading bacteria quantity in the soil of the group treated by applying the fertilizer are obviously higher than those of the group treated by applying the common compound fertilizer, and the indexes are favorable for reducing the PAHs and improving the soil quality.
Application of the composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil prepared in application example 2 to improvement of quality of green vegetable crops
The test site is located in a self-planting vegetable garden field of XX village of XX county XX province.
The implementation mode is as follows: in the vegetable garden for vegetable planting, the base fertilizer is applied about 10 days before deep ploughing, 50kg of compound soil conditioner or common compound fertilizer for improving polluted soil is applied per mu, and three treatment devices are arranged in parallel. The final vegetable quality and yield statistics are shown in table 6; the fertility of the soil treated before and after the application of the fertilizer and during the period of vegetable planting is shown in Table 7.
TABLE 6 statistics of the quality and yield of green vegetables
Figure BDA0003351054480000111
TABLE 7 fertility status of soil treated during vegetable planting
Figure BDA0003351054480000112
The implementation result shows that the leaf number of the individual vegetable plants applied with the fertilizer treatment group can be increased to 8.7 from 7.9 of the common compound fertilizer treatment group, the weight of the individual vegetable plants can also be increased to 135 +/-7 g from 116 +/-13 g, the yield increase amplitude is up to 16.4%, and the yield increase effect is obvious.
Meanwhile, in the period of vegetable planting, the soil fertility retention degree of the fertilizer treatment group applied by the invention is also obviously superior to that of the common compound fertilizer group, and after the common fertility is applied for 60 days, the total N content and the effective P content in the soil are respectively 1.84g kg-1Soil and 68.9mg kg-1The soil is quickly reduced to 1.13g kg-1Soil and 35.3mg kg-1Soil, the reduction rate reaches 39% and 49% respectively; the total N content and the effective P content of the soil to which the fertilizer treatment group of the invention was applied were respectively 2.01g kg-1Soil and 63.4mg kg-1The soil is quickly reduced to 1.52g kg-1Soil and 47.6mg kg-1The soil and the reduction rate are respectively only 24 percent and 25 percent, and the reason is probably superior to the adsorption slow-release effect of the nano carbon in the fertility to the fertilizer elements. Therefore, the fertilizer has obvious advantages compared with the common compound fertilizer in the aspect of the fertility elements in the slow-release fertilizer.
The test results show that the application of the composite conditioner material can obviously reduce the content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, improve the slow release effect of soil fertilizer and promote the yield and quality of crops, can be used as a composite conditioner and fertilizer for soil of PAHs-polluted cultivated land, and provides a promising, ecological and healthy use option for risk-free use of PAHs-polluted cultivated land.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The composite soil conditioner for improving the polluted soil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials, by weight, 10-20 parts of corn straw nano biochar material, 5-10 parts of nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum and 70-85 parts of microbial fertilizer, wherein the sum of the above components is 100 parts.
2. The composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the corn stalk nano biochar material comprises the following steps:
crushing corn straws, placing the crushed corn straws in a tubular furnace, and firing the corn straws for 3 to 5 hours at a high temperature under the condition of nitrogen atmosphere to obtain corn straw biochar;
cooling the prepared corn straw biochar to room temperature;
and (3) crushing the mixture to 20-100nm by using a ball mill to obtain the corn straw nano biochar material.
3. The composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the nanocarbon-modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
culturing the strain: culturing by adopting a sphingolipid monad GY2B strain, inoculating the strain into a fermentation tank containing a nutrient gravy culture medium, and collecting a degrading bacteria liquid by rotary centrifugation;
preparing a nano carbon hybrid micro-capsule microbial inoculum: adding CaCl2 2H2O、Na2CO3Preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.2-0.4mol/L and the same time, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 1-3 g L from the polycation electrolyte material chitosan and the polyanion electrolyte material sodium alginate-1(ii) a 20mL of CaCl is taken2 2H2Adding an O solution, 40mL of a polycation electrolyte material chitosan solution and the corn straw nano biochar material into the degrading bacteria liquid cultured in the previous step, and rapidly adding Na with the same volume under magnetic stirring2CO3Stirring the solution for 1-3 min, and standing for 20-40 min to obtain polycation electrolyte material chitosan-doped calcium carbonate colloidal particles(ii) a Washing the calcium carbonate colloidal particles doped with the polycation electrolyte material chitosan with water for 2-4 times, adding 40mL of polyanion electrolyte material sodium alginate solution into the polycation electrolyte material chitosan to further deposit the calcium carbonate colloidal particles on the surface of the polycation electrolyte material chitosan, then adding the polycation electrolyte material chitosan for further deposition, continuously stirring the adding process, repeating the steps for 3 times, and embedding the corn straw nano-biochar material and the degrading bacteria into a microcapsule;
preparing a nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum: and removing the calcium carbonate template by using EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) with the pH value of 6.5 to obtain the self-assembled immobilized nanocarbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum.
4. The composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:
pretreating and crushing corn straws, and adding a fermentation bacteria agent accounting for 4-6 wt% of the total raw materials to obtain a mixed material;
and (3) placing the mixed material into a composting barrel for fermentation, and crushing and drying the fermented material to obtain the microbial fertilizer.
5. The composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil according to claim 4, wherein said pre-treatment pulverizing of corn stover comprises the steps of:
drying the crushed corn straws until the water content is 50% -60%, and adding urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 20-30: 1.
6. The composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation microbial inoculum comprises a mixture of a composite microbial inoculum formed by photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts, fermentation filamentous bacteria and actinomycetes and a rice bran matrix, and the mixing ratio of the composite microbial inoculum to the rice bran matrix is 2-4: 100.
7. the composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the photosynthetic bacteria, the yeast, the filamentous bacteria and the actinomycetes in the fermentation microbial inoculum is 1-2: 1-2: 2-3: 5 to 8.
8. The composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil according to claim 4, wherein said fermenting the mixed materials in a compost bucket comprises the steps of:
and (3) putting the mixed materials into composting barrels, wherein the total mass of the piles in each barrel is 4-6 kg, adjusting the water content of the piles to 65-75 wt%, piling and fermenting for 12-18 d, and turning the piles once every 4-6 d.
9. A method for preparing the composite soil conditioner for improving contaminated soil according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of:
s1, mixing 10-20 parts of corn straw nano biochar material, 5-10 parts of nano carbon modified micro-capsule microbial inoculum and 70-85 parts of microbial fertilizer in proportion;
s2, wetting and uniformly stirring the mixture by using distilled water after mixing, and then drying the mixture at the temperature of 35-45 ℃;
and S3, sieving the dried mixture through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the composite soil conditioner containing the nanocarbon modified microbial fertilizer.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the drying temperature is 40 ℃.
CN202111337310.9A 2021-11-12 2021-11-12 Composite soil conditioner for improving polluted soil and preparation method thereof Pending CN114057527A (en)

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