CN108840766A - A kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108840766A CN108840766A CN201810509529.4A CN201810509529A CN108840766A CN 108840766 A CN108840766 A CN 108840766A CN 201810509529 A CN201810509529 A CN 201810509529A CN 108840766 A CN108840766 A CN 108840766A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of saline-alkali soil conditioners and preparation method thereof, comprise the following components in parts by weight：8-12 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 30-50 parts of biogas residue, 20-30 parts of sepiolite miberal powder, 10-15 parts of oyster shell powder, 5-10 parts of phosphate, 3-8 parts of humic acid miberal powder, 2-6 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 1-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-4 parts of improved plant straw powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of diatomite, 0.4-0.8 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan, vinasse 0.3-0.7 parts decomposed, 0.2-0.6 parts of microorganism formulation, 3-7 parts of organic fermentation fertilizer.Saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention can effectively improve soil texture, reduce the content of soluble-salt in soil, and reduce the basicity of soil, to promote crop growth and improve output.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of land improvement, and in particular to a kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
The soil salinization is to influence the serious problem of Global Agriculture production and ecological environment, and restrict China's agriculture at present
One of the two big edphic factors of industry volume increase.
The physics and chemical property in salt-soda soil are all poor, and under normal circumstances, porosity is small, and soil is easy to hardened, breathe freely saturating
Aqueous variation；C, the mineralization degree of N is low, and the activity of enzyme is suppressed in soil, influences activity and the organic matter of edaphon
Conversion, soil nutrient utilization rate decline, the content of organic matter decline, cause soil fertility to decline.Excessive salt separation in soil
Son has inhibiting effect to the reproductive growth of plant and nutrient growth, and some ions can also directly poison plant, cause
The form and structure of plant change.
For this purpose, in Chinese patent application document " saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof (application number：
CN200910176749.0 a kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof) " is disclosed, the saline-alkali soil conditioner is by following
Made of the raw material of weight proportion：Glacial acetic acid 20-30, citric acid 0.5-3, oxalic acid 0.5-3, tap water 69-74. the modifying agent energy
It enough realizes the improvement of soil physico-chemical property, inhibits salt to rise, neutralizes surface soil alkalinity, to achieve the purpose that improve soil.By
It is to be in a liquid state in the soil conditioner, imposes in soil, is easy infiltration downwards, leads to the utilization rate of the soil conditioner, meanwhile,
The soil conditioner of liquid is readily volatilized, causes the forfeiture of effective component, to influence the effect of soil improvement.
And in a kind of Chinese patent application document " preparation method (application number of saline-alkali soil conditioner：
CN200610010593.5 a kind of preparation method of saline-alkali land soil conditioner) " is disclosed, after poly internal olefins acid is dissolved with water,
Inorganic acid, wood vinegar and plant hormone are sequentially added under stiring, are uniformly mixed, the mass percent of each substance is：Polypropylene
Sour 5-25, inorganic acid 10-50, wood vinegar 1-5, plant hormone 0.01-2.0, surplus are water.The saline-alkali soil conditioner is in solid
State solves the easily lower infiltration of liquid soil conditioner, volatile disadvantage, can effectively improve soil particle state, improve soil
Earth water retention property, but effect be not it is very ideal, application range all less extensively, various plant seedling stages and production period cannot be real
With rolling up saline and alkaline cannot administering of coming for meeting water more.
Therefore, for the technical problems in the prior art, it is necessary to which a kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner and its system are provided
Preparation Method reduces the content of soluble-salt in soil, and reduce the basicity of soil, improves soil to reach improvement salt-soda soil
Producing level.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned analysis to the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof, can
Effectively improvement soil physical chemistry shape, the soil organism and microbial population state reduce the content of soluble-salt in soil, and drop
The basicity of low soil, to promote crop growth and improve output.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner, comprises the following components in parts by weight：8-12 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 30-50 parts of biogas residue, sea
20-30 parts of afrodite miberal powder, 10-15 parts of oyster shell powder, 5-10 parts of phosphate, 3-8 parts of humic acid miberal powder, 2-6 parts of expanded vermiculite powder,
It is 1-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-4 parts of improved plant straw powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of diatomite, 0.4-0.8 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan, decomposed
1-3 parts of vinasse, 0.2-0.6 parts of microorganism formulation, 3-7 parts of organic fermentation fertilizer.
Preferably, comprising the following components in parts by weight：It is 10 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 40 parts of biogas residue, 25 parts of sepiolite miberal powder, male
12.5 parts of oyster shells, 7.5 parts of phosphate, 5.5 parts of humic acid miberal powder, 4 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, improved plant straw
3 parts of stalk powder, 1 part of diatomite, 0.6 part of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.5 part of decomposed vinasse, 0.4 part of microorganism formulation, organic fermentation fertilizer 5
Part.
It is made preferably, the sepiolite miberal powder crosses 100-150 mesh through ball milling by sepiolite raw ore.
Preferably, the phosphate is selected from fluor-apatite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid
Calcium, one or more of calcium superphosphate.
Preferably, the preparation method of the improved plant straw powder is：
(1) corn stover, wheat stalk, cotton stalk or the beanstalk stalk discarded in agricultural production are collected, stalk is crushed
To 80-100 mesh；
(2) stalk powder is dried to moisture content within 5%, be sent into reaction kettle, controlled temperature in reaction kettle and exist
It 85 DEG C, is at the uniform velocity stirred to react 25 minutes, takes out stalk powder and be cooled to room temperature, freezing equipment is re-fed into, in subzero 15 DEG C of environment
Lower freezing 50 minutes carries out cold-resistant processing；
(3) straw powder is sent into ball mill after freezing processing, continuously grinding 4 hours, crosses 200 meshes, dries moisture content
To 17%, improved plant straw powder is obtained.
Preferably, the microorganism formulation is Bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium, mass ratio 1:1:
2。
Preferably, organic fermentation fertilizer be one of feces of livestock and poultry, crop material, dregs of beans, edible fungi residue or
It is several, it is made through the fermentation of natural stacking.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned saline-alkali soil conditioner, include the following steps：
(1) biogas residue, improved plant straw powder, carboxymethyl chitosan, decomposed vinasse are dried, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, is dried
It is crushed after dry, sieves with 100 mesh sieve, mixed；
(2) microorganism formulation is added into mixed powder, adding water makes water content (mass ratio) be about 30%, then carries out
Sealed fermenting obtains fermentation material；
(3) desulfurized gypsum, sepiolite miberal powder, oyster shell powder, phosphate, humic acid miberal powder, expansion are added into fermentation material
Vermiculite power, ferrous sulfate, diatomite and organic fermentation fertilizer, are uniformly mixed, then put into hardening and tempering furnace, carry out vapor tune
Matter, then make material 90-100 DEG C at a temperature of enter pelletizer in pelletize；
(5) particle after granulation is dried, then crushes, obtains saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Preferably, in the step (3), the quenched condition of vapor：It is passed through that temperature is 95 DEG C, quality is the total matter of each component
13% vapor quenched 10 minutes of amount.
Preferably, in the step (2), the condition of sealed fermenting：22-26 DEG C of fermentation temperature, fermentation time 15-25
It.
Compared with prior art, the present invention the present invention has following beneficial effect：
(1) salt in the adsorbable salt-soda soil of saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention, reduces the saline and alkaline degree of soil,
The harmful substances such as heavy metal in soil can be adsorbed simultaneously, achieve the purpose that purification soil, meanwhile, the penetrating of soil can be improved
Property, improve the physical and chemical shape of soil, increases the effect of soil fertility.
(2) saline-alkali soil conditioner of the invention is by by the desulfurized gypsum of rational proportion, biogas residue, sepiolite miberal powder, male
Oyster shells, phosphate, humic acid miberal powder, expanded vermiculite powder, ferrous sulfate, improved plant straw powder, diatomite, carboxymethyl chitosan
The components such as sugared, decomposed vinasse, microorganism formulation, organic fermentation fertilizer, and after being applied to soil, in the collaboration of above-mentioned each component
Under effect, salt affected soil can be effectively improved, the salt in salt-soda soil is adsorbed, reduces the saline and alkaline degree of soil, and soil can be activated
Microorganism increases soil fertility, and soil water sorption soil moisture conservation can be improved, and soil agreegate is promoted to be formed.
(3) the sepiolite miberal powder of saline-alkali soil conditioner of the invention addition, and it is unique porous using sepiolite miberal powder
Property spongelike structure makes it have very strong physisorption, can adsorb the salt in salt-soda soil, reduce the saline and alkaline of soil
Degree；Expanded vermiculite powder, the diatomite additionally incorporated can play moisturizing, loose soil property, the work for extending fertilizer efficiency time in the soil
With promotion crop growth；And biogas residue, oyster shell powder are more rich in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, silicon, sulphur, iron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, boron, strontium, barium etc.
Kind element, can effectively supplement various trace elements needed for plant in soil, while improveing soil, improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping
Ability and the Anti-bacterium ability of plant.
It is (4) of the invention by carrying out fermentation process to biogas residue, improved plant straw powder, carboxymethyl chitosan, decomposed vinasse,
It is set to become fluffy and soft, while by the decomposition of microorganism, by biogas residue, improved plant straw powder, carboxymethyl chitosan
Sugared, decomposed vinasse etc. is difficult to the substance being absorbed and utilized, and is converted into available nutrient, so that the fertility of soil is effectively improved, to have
The structure of effect improvement soil, reduces soil alkaline degree.
(5) humic acid miberal powder of the invention can provide nutrition for soil to improve soil fertility, and carboxymethyl chitosan can
Chelatropic reaction is carried out with the heavy metal in soil, reduces heavy metal in soil activity, organic fermentation fertilizer can improve soil,
Increase soil fertility.
(6) preparation method of the invention is simple, easy to operate, is easy to produce in enormous quantities, by by each component of the invention
The advantages of each component can be given full play to saline-alkali soil conditioner obtained by said ratio and preparation method and each group divide it
Between synergistic effect, especially improving soil water sorption soil moisture conservation, activation edaphon, increasing soil fertility and passivation
There is significant cooperative synergism effect in terms of heavy metal.
Specific embodiment
Form by the following examples is described in further detail above content of the invention again, but should not be by this
The range for being interpreted as the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following embodiment, all technologies based on realization belonging to above content of the present invention
It all belongs to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present embodiment, comprises the following components in parts by weight：8 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 30 parts of biogas residue, sea
20 parts of afrodite miberal powder, 10 parts of oyster shell powder, 5 parts of phosphate, 3 parts of humic acid miberal powder, 2 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 1 part of ferrous sulfate,
2 parts of improved plant straw powder, 0.5 part of diatomite, 0.4 part of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.3 part of decomposed vinasse, microorganism formulation 0.2
Part, 3 parts of organic fermentation fertilizer.
Wherein, the sepiolite miberal powder is crossed 100-150 mesh through ball milling by sepiolite raw ore and is made.
Wherein, the phosphate is selected from fluor-apatite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, mistake
One or more of calcium phosphate.
Wherein, the preparation method of the improved plant straw powder is：
(1) corn stover, wheat stalk, cotton stalk or the beanstalk stalk discarded in agricultural production are collected, stalk is crushed
To 80-100 mesh；
(2) stalk powder is dried to moisture content within 5%, be sent into reaction kettle, controlled temperature in reaction kettle and exist
It 85 DEG C, is at the uniform velocity stirred to react 25 minutes, takes out stalk powder and be cooled to room temperature, freezing equipment is re-fed into, in subzero 15 DEG C of environment
Lower freezing 50 minutes carries out cold-resistant processing；
(3) straw powder is sent into ball mill after freezing processing, continuously grinding 4 hours, crosses 200 meshes, dries moisture content
To 17%, improved plant straw powder is obtained.
Wherein, the microorganism formulation is Bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium, mass ratio 1:1:2.
Wherein, organic fermentation fertilizer be one or more of feces of livestock and poultry, crop material, dregs of beans, edible fungi residue,
It is made through the fermentation of natural stacking.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned saline-alkali soil conditioner, include the following steps：
(1) biogas residue, improved plant straw powder, carboxymethyl chitosan, decomposed vinasse are dried, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, is dried
It is crushed after dry, sieves with 100 mesh sieve, mixed；
(2) microorganism formulation is added into mixed powder, adding water makes water content (mass ratio) be about 30%, then carries out
Sealed fermenting obtains fermentation material；
(3) desulfurized gypsum, sepiolite miberal powder, oyster shell powder, phosphate, humic acid miberal powder, expansion are added into fermentation material
Vermiculite power, ferrous sulfate, diatomite and organic fermentation fertilizer, are uniformly mixed, then put into hardening and tempering furnace, carry out vapor tune
Matter, then make material 90-100 DEG C at a temperature of enter pelletizer in pelletize；
(5) particle after granulation is dried, then crushes, obtains saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Wherein, in the step (3), the quenched condition of vapor：It is passed through that temperature is 95 DEG C, quality is each component gross mass
13% vapor quenched 10 minutes.
Wherein, in the step (2), the condition of sealed fermenting：22-26 DEG C of fermentation temperature, fermentation time 15-25 days.
Embodiment 2
The saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present embodiment, comprises the following components in parts by weight：12 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 50 parts of biogas residue,
30 parts of sepiolite miberal powder, 15 parts of oyster shell powder, 10 parts of phosphate, 8 parts of humic acid miberal powder, 6 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, ferrous sulfate 5
Part, 4 parts of improved plant straw powder, 1.5 parts of diatomite, 0.8 part of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.7 part of decomposed vinasse, microorganism formulation
0.6 part, 7 parts of organic fermentation fertilizer.
Wherein, the sepiolite miberal powder is crossed 100-150 mesh through ball milling by sepiolite raw ore and is made.
Wherein, the phosphate is selected from fluor-apatite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, mistake
One or more of calcium phosphate.
Wherein, the preparation method of the improved plant straw powder is：
(1) corn stover, wheat stalk, cotton stalk or the beanstalk stalk discarded in agricultural production are collected, stalk is crushed
To 80-100 mesh；
(2) stalk powder is dried to moisture content within 5%, be sent into reaction kettle, controlled temperature in reaction kettle and exist
It 85 DEG C, is at the uniform velocity stirred to react 25 minutes, takes out stalk powder and be cooled to room temperature, freezing equipment is re-fed into, in subzero 15 DEG C of environment
Lower freezing 50 minutes carries out cold-resistant processing；
(3) straw powder is sent into ball mill after freezing processing, continuously grinding 4 hours, crosses 200 meshes, dries moisture content
To 17%, improved plant straw powder is obtained.
Wherein, the microorganism formulation is Bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium, mass ratio 1:1:2.
Wherein, organic fermentation fertilizer be one or more of feces of livestock and poultry, crop material, dregs of beans, edible fungi residue,
It is made through the fermentation of natural stacking.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned saline-alkali soil conditioner, include the following steps：
(1) biogas residue, improved plant straw powder, carboxymethyl chitosan, decomposed vinasse are dried, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, is dried
It is crushed after dry, sieves with 100 mesh sieve, mixed；
(2) microorganism formulation is added into mixed powder, adding water makes water content (mass ratio) be about 30%, then carries out
Sealed fermenting obtains fermentation material；
(3) desulfurized gypsum, sepiolite miberal powder, oyster shell powder, phosphate, humic acid miberal powder, expansion are added into fermentation material
Vermiculite power, ferrous sulfate, diatomite and organic fermentation fertilizer, are uniformly mixed, then put into hardening and tempering furnace, carry out vapor tune
Matter, then make material 90-100 DEG C at a temperature of enter pelletizer in pelletize；
(5) particle after granulation is dried, then crushes, obtains saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Wherein, in the step (3), the quenched condition of vapor：It is passed through that temperature is 95 DEG C, quality is each component gross mass
13% vapor quenched 10 minutes.
Wherein, in the step (2), the condition of sealed fermenting：22-26 DEG C of fermentation temperature, fermentation time 15-25 days.
Embodiment 3
The saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present embodiment, comprises the following components in parts by weight：10 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 40 parts of biogas residue,
25 parts of sepiolite miberal powder, 12.5 parts of oyster shell powder, 7.5 parts of phosphate, 5.5 parts of humic acid miberal powder, 4 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, sulfuric acid
Ferrous 3 parts, 3 parts of improved plant straw powder, 1 part of diatomite, 0.6 part of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.5 part of decomposed vinasse, microorganism system
0.4 part of agent, 5 parts of organic fermentation fertilizer.
Wherein, the sepiolite miberal powder is crossed 100-150 mesh through ball milling by sepiolite raw ore and is made.
Wherein, the phosphate is selected from fluor-apatite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, mistake
One or more of calcium phosphate.
Wherein, the preparation method of the improved plant straw powder is：
(1) corn stover, wheat stalk, cotton stalk or the beanstalk stalk discarded in agricultural production are collected, stalk is crushed
To 80-100 mesh；
(2) stalk powder is dried to moisture content within 5%, be sent into reaction kettle, controlled temperature in reaction kettle and exist
It 85 DEG C, is at the uniform velocity stirred to react 25 minutes, takes out stalk powder and be cooled to room temperature, freezing equipment is re-fed into, in subzero 15 DEG C of environment
Lower freezing 50 minutes carries out cold-resistant processing；
(3) straw powder is sent into ball mill after freezing processing, continuously grinding 4 hours, crosses 200 meshes, dries moisture content
To 17%, improved plant straw powder is obtained.
Wherein, the microorganism formulation is Bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium, mass ratio 1:1:2.
Wherein, organic fermentation fertilizer be one or more of feces of livestock and poultry, crop material, dregs of beans, edible fungi residue,
It is made through the fermentation of natural stacking.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned saline-alkali soil conditioner, include the following steps：
(1) biogas residue, improved plant straw powder, carboxymethyl chitosan, decomposed vinasse are dried, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, is dried
It is crushed after dry, sieves with 100 mesh sieve, mixed；
(2) microorganism formulation is added into mixed powder, adding water makes water content (mass ratio) be about 30%, then carries out
Sealed fermenting obtains fermentation material；
(3) desulfurized gypsum, sepiolite miberal powder, oyster shell powder, phosphate, humic acid miberal powder, expansion are added into fermentation material
Vermiculite power, ferrous sulfate, diatomite and organic fermentation fertilizer, are uniformly mixed, then put into hardening and tempering furnace, carry out vapor tune
Matter, then make material 90-100 DEG C at a temperature of enter pelletizer in pelletize；
(5) particle after granulation is dried, then crushes, obtains saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Wherein, in the step (3), the quenched condition of vapor：It is passed through that temperature is 95 DEG C, quality is each component gross mass
13% vapor quenched 10 minutes.
Wherein, in the step (2), the condition of sealed fermenting：22-26 DEG C of fermentation temperature, fermentation time 15-25 days.
Embodiment 4
The saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present embodiment, comprises the following components in parts by weight：9 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 35 parts of biogas residue, sea
22 parts of afrodite miberal powder, 11 parts of oyster shell powder, 6 parts of phosphate, 4 parts of humic acid miberal powder, 3 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate,
2.5 parts of improved plant straw powder, 0.7 part of diatomite, 0.5 part of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.4 part of decomposed vinasse, microorganism formulation 0.3
Part, 4 parts of organic fermentation fertilizer.
Wherein, the sepiolite miberal powder is crossed 100-150 mesh through ball milling by sepiolite raw ore and is made.
Wherein, the phosphate is selected from fluor-apatite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, mistake
One or more of calcium phosphate.
Wherein, the preparation method of the improved plant straw powder is：
(1) corn stover, wheat stalk, cotton stalk or the beanstalk stalk discarded in agricultural production are collected, stalk is crushed
To 80-100 mesh；
(2) stalk powder is dried to moisture content within 5%, be sent into reaction kettle, controlled temperature in reaction kettle and exist
It 85 DEG C, is at the uniform velocity stirred to react 25 minutes, takes out stalk powder and be cooled to room temperature, freezing equipment is re-fed into, in subzero 15 DEG C of environment
Lower freezing 50 minutes carries out cold-resistant processing；
(3) straw powder is sent into ball mill after freezing processing, continuously grinding 4 hours, crosses 200 meshes, dries moisture content
To 17%, improved plant straw powder is obtained.
Wherein, the microorganism formulation is Bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium, mass ratio 1:1:2.
Wherein, organic fermentation fertilizer be one or more of feces of livestock and poultry, crop material, dregs of beans, edible fungi residue,
It is made through the fermentation of natural stacking.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned saline-alkali soil conditioner, include the following steps：
(1) biogas residue, improved plant straw powder, carboxymethyl chitosan, decomposed vinasse are dried, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, is dried
It is crushed after dry, sieves with 100 mesh sieve, mixed；
(2) microorganism formulation is added into mixed powder, adding water makes water content (mass ratio) be about 30%, then carries out
Sealed fermenting obtains fermentation material；
(3) desulfurized gypsum, sepiolite miberal powder, oyster shell powder, phosphate, humic acid miberal powder, expansion are added into fermentation material
Vermiculite power, ferrous sulfate, diatomite and organic fermentation fertilizer, are uniformly mixed, then put into hardening and tempering furnace, carry out vapor tune
Matter, then make material 90-100 DEG C at a temperature of enter pelletizer in pelletize；
(5) particle after granulation is dried, then crushes, obtains saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Wherein, in the step (3), the quenched condition of vapor：It is passed through that temperature is 95 DEG C, quality is each component gross mass
13% vapor quenched 10 minutes.
Wherein, in the step (2), the condition of sealed fermenting：22-26 DEG C of fermentation temperature, fermentation time 15-25 days.
Embodiment 5
The saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present embodiment, comprises the following components in parts by weight：11 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 45 parts of biogas residue,
28 parts of sepiolite miberal powder, 13 parts of oyster shell powder, 9 parts of phosphate, 7 parts of humic acid miberal powder, 5 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, ferrous sulfate 4
Part, 3.5 parts of improved plant straw powder, 1.2 parts of diatomite, 0.7 part of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.6 part of decomposed vinasse, microorganism formulation
0.5 part, 6 parts of organic fermentation fertilizer.
Wherein, the sepiolite miberal powder is crossed 100-150 mesh through ball milling by sepiolite raw ore and is made.
Wherein, the phosphate is selected from fluor-apatite, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, mistake
One or more of calcium phosphate.
Wherein, the preparation method of the improved plant straw powder is：
(1) corn stover, wheat stalk, cotton stalk or the beanstalk stalk discarded in agricultural production are collected, stalk is crushed
To 80-100 mesh；
(2) stalk powder is dried to moisture content within 5%, be sent into reaction kettle, controlled temperature in reaction kettle and exist
It 85 DEG C, is at the uniform velocity stirred to react 25 minutes, takes out stalk powder and be cooled to room temperature, freezing equipment is re-fed into, in subzero 15 DEG C of environment
Lower freezing 50 minutes carries out cold-resistant processing；
(3) straw powder is sent into ball mill after freezing processing, continuously grinding 4 hours, crosses 200 meshes, dries moisture content
To 17%, improved plant straw powder is obtained.
Wherein, the microorganism formulation is Bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium, mass ratio 1:1:2.
Wherein, organic fermentation fertilizer be one or more of feces of livestock and poultry, crop material, dregs of beans, edible fungi residue,
It is made through the fermentation of natural stacking.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned saline-alkali soil conditioner, include the following steps：
(1) biogas residue, improved plant straw powder, carboxymethyl chitosan, decomposed vinasse are dried, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, is dried
It is crushed after dry, sieves with 100 mesh sieve, mixed；
(2) microorganism formulation is added into mixed powder, adding water makes water content (mass ratio) be about 30%, then carries out
Sealed fermenting obtains fermentation material；
(3) desulfurized gypsum, sepiolite miberal powder, oyster shell powder, phosphate, humic acid miberal powder, expansion are added into fermentation material
Vermiculite power, ferrous sulfate, diatomite and organic fermentation fertilizer, are uniformly mixed, then put into hardening and tempering furnace, carry out vapor tune
Matter, then make material 90-100 DEG C at a temperature of enter pelletizer in pelletize；
(5) particle after granulation is dried, then crushes, obtains saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Wherein, in the step (3), the quenched condition of vapor：It is passed through that temperature is 95 DEG C, quality is each component gross mass
13% vapor quenched 10 minutes.
Wherein, in the step (2), the condition of sealed fermenting：22-26 DEG C of fermentation temperature, fermentation time 15-25 days.
Comparative example 1
Using Chinese patent application document " saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof (application number：
CN200910176749.0 the saline-alkali soil conditioner of the method preparation in) ".
Comparative example 2
A kind of Chinese patent application document " preparation method (application number of saline-alkali soil conditioner：
CN200610010593.5 the saline-alkali soil conditioner of the method preparation in) ".
Test example
1, experimental field
Sample plot：The village Xi Zhenggang of the Hefei City, Anhui Province Feixi County township Yan Dian, the wasteland newly opened up wasteland, soil salt content exist
0.4%-0.9%.
Material to be tested：Saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared by saline-alkali soil conditioner of the invention, comparative example 1, comparative example 2.
2. experimental design
Experimental field prepare：The soil in the garden halophytes Yuan Xin is chemically examined in advance.To guarantee that general long-term cropping has one
Fixed growth (salt resistance ability of halophytes is generally in 0.4--0.6%), tests the salt content in plot in 0.4-0.9%.It will examination
Testing Parcel division is 66.6m2Cell.
3. test process
The screening test of 3.1 modifying agents
If three blank control, comparative example group and soil conditioner of the present invention experimental groups, each experimental group repeat three times.
The application of modifying agent：Modifying agent is manured into soil by (mid-April) before spring sowing.Soil conditioner of the present invention is
Solid particle can directly be spread fertilizer over the fields.
The measurement of 3.2 soil salt contents
Sampling：It evaporates the salification phase five times and takes before modifying agent application, with before the latter moon, vigorous period, harvest, after harvest
Soil sample.Fixed 3 points of " S " types sampling of every cell, plugs sign board.
Measuring method：Conductance method.
The measurement of 3.3 soil physico-chemical properties
Sampling：Fixed 3 points of " S " types sampling of every cell, plugs sign board, before soil conditioner of the present invention application, with latter
A month, soil sampling three times after crop harvest.
Soil weight measuring method：Core cutter method.
Porosity determination method：Calculating method Jie 1-pb/ps.
4. test result
Influence of the different modifying agents of 4.1 applications to soil salt content
Under normal circumstances, the variation of upper soll layer salinity can be divided into four-stage in 1 year, and spring evaporates salification phase, summer
The salt phase is drenched in rainfall, autumn evaporates salification phase, winter relatively stable period.As it can be seen from table 1 application modifying agent the latter lunar regolith
Salt content begins to reduce, it was demonstrated that modifying agent has worked；It is reduced at most in crop vigorous period (rainy season) salt content, one
Aspect is the effect of modifying agent, is on the other hand the leaching salt action of rainfall：Salt content starts to increase before harvesting, on the one hand because of drop
The reduction of rain, on the other hand with the maturation of crop, covered ground is reduced；Stablize to the evaporation salification phase in certain numerical value.Due to
The effect of long-term cropping, the salt content of blank control group also have a certain number of reductions.Compared with blank control group, it is each not
Same period, the soil salt content of modifying agent group of the present invention are below comparative example group and blank control group, illustrate the present invention
Soil conditioner, which has, preferably changes salt effect.
Soil salt content relative reduction amount=(the modifying agent rear soil salt content of preceding soil salt content -) preceding soil of ÷
Earth salt content.Since the plot for selecting salt content completely the same is impossible, even if the different location salt content in areal
Also there is different.Therefore, can only just there be comparativity with soil salt content relative reduction amount to measure.As it can be seen from table 1 applying
All higher than blank control group with modifying agent soil salt content relative reduction amount, comparative example group compared with blank control group has aobvious
Write difference, soil conditioner group of the present invention compared with blank control group with extremely significant difference, and soil conditioner of the present invention
Effect is better than comparative example group.
Table 1 severe salinized soil soil salt content (%) dynamic change
Compared with blank control group.*P<0.05**P<0.01
As shown in Table 1, apply the soil salt content relative reduction amount of saline-alkali soil conditioner of the invention than comparative example 1,
Comparative example 2 and blank control group are high, saline-alkali soil conditioner and comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and blank control group of the invention
Compare with extremely significant difference.
Influence of 4.2 saline-alkali soil conditioners of the invention to soil physico-chemical property
4.2.1 bulk density, porosity.
The saline-alkali soil conditioner of the present invention of table 2 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2 saline-alkali soil conditioner to the soil weight,
The influence of porosity.
Table 2
As shown in Table 2, saline-alkali soil conditioner of the invention is excellent in terms of reducing the soil weight, increasing interstices of soil rate
In the prior art.
In conclusion creative major embodiment the following aspects of the invention：
(1) salt in the adsorbable salt-soda soil of saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention, reduces the saline and alkaline degree of soil,
The harmful substances such as heavy metal in soil can be adsorbed simultaneously, achieve the purpose that purification soil, meanwhile, the penetrating of soil can be improved
Property, improve the physical and chemical shape of soil, increases the effect of soil fertility.
(2) saline-alkali soil conditioner of the invention is by by the desulfurized gypsum of rational proportion, biogas residue, sepiolite miberal powder, male
Oyster shells, phosphate, humic acid miberal powder, expanded vermiculite powder, ferrous sulfate, improved plant straw powder, diatomite, carboxymethyl chitosan
The components such as sugared, decomposed vinasse, microorganism formulation, organic fermentation fertilizer, and after being applied to soil, in the collaboration of above-mentioned each component
Under effect, salt affected soil can be effectively improved, the salt in salt-soda soil is adsorbed, reduces the saline and alkaline degree of soil, and soil can be activated
Microorganism increases soil fertility, and soil water sorption soil moisture conservation can be improved, and soil agreegate is promoted to be formed.
(3) the sepiolite miberal powder of saline-alkali soil conditioner of the invention addition, and it is unique porous using sepiolite miberal powder
Property spongelike structure makes it have very strong physisorption, can adsorb the salt in salt-soda soil, reduce the saline and alkaline of soil
Degree；Expanded vermiculite powder, the diatomite additionally incorporated can play moisturizing, loose soil property, the work for extending fertilizer efficiency time in the soil
With promotion crop growth；And biogas residue, oyster shell powder are more rich in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, silicon, sulphur, iron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, boron, strontium, barium etc.
Kind element, can effectively supplement various trace elements needed for plant in soil, while improveing soil, improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping
Ability and the Anti-bacterium ability of plant.
It is (4) of the invention by carrying out fermentation process to biogas residue, improved plant straw powder, carboxymethyl chitosan, decomposed vinasse,
It is set to become fluffy and soft, while by the decomposition of microorganism, by biogas residue, improved plant straw powder, carboxymethyl chitosan
Sugared, decomposed vinasse etc. is difficult to the substance being absorbed and utilized, and is converted into available nutrient, so that the fertility of soil is effectively improved, to have
The structure of effect improvement soil, reduces soil alkaline degree.
(5) humic acid miberal powder of the invention can provide nutrition for soil to improve soil fertility, and carboxymethyl chitosan can
Chelatropic reaction is carried out with the heavy metal in soil, reduces heavy metal in soil activity, organic fermentation fertilizer can improve soil,
Increase soil fertility.
(6) preparation method of the invention is simple, easy to operate, is easy to produce in enormous quantities, by by each component of the invention
The advantages of each component can be given full play to saline-alkali soil conditioner obtained by said ratio and preparation method and each group divide it
Between synergistic effect, especially improving soil water sorption soil moisture conservation, activation edaphon, increasing soil fertility and passivation
There is significant cooperative synergism effect in terms of heavy metal.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, although referring to aforementioned reality
Applying example, invention is explained in detail, for those skilled in the art, still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.It is all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner, which is characterized in that comprise the following components in parts by weight：8-12 parts of desulfurized gypsum, biogas residue
30-50 parts, 20-30 parts of sepiolite miberal powder, 10-15 parts of oyster shell powder, 5-10 parts of phosphate, 3-8 parts of humic acid miberal powder, expansion leech
2-6 parts of mountain flour, 1-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-4 parts of improved plant straw powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of diatomite, carboxymethyl chitosan 0.4-
0.8 part, vinasse 1-3 parts decomposed, 0.2-0.6 parts of microorganism formulation, 3-7 parts of organic fermentation fertilizer.
2. saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that comprise the following components in parts by weight：Desulfurization
10 parts of gypsum, 40 parts of biogas residue, 25 parts of sepiolite miberal powder, 12.5 parts of oyster shell powder, 7.5 parts of phosphate, 5.5 parts of humic acid miberal powder,
It is 4 parts of expanded vermiculite powder, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3 parts of improved plant straw powder, 1 part of diatomite, 0.6 part of carboxymethyl chitosan, decomposed
0.5 part of vinasse, 0.4 part of microorganism formulation, 5 parts of organic fermentation fertilizer.
3. saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sepiolite miberal powder is by sepiolite raw ore
100-150 mesh is crossed through ball milling to be made.
4. saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the phosphate is selected from fluor-apatite, phosphorus
Acid dihydride calcium, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, one or more of calcium superphosphate.
5. saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation side of the improved plant straw powder
Method is：
(1) corn stover, wheat stalk, cotton stalk or the beanstalk stalk discarded in agricultural production are collected, stalk is crushed to 80-
100 mesh；
(2) stalk powder is dried to moisture content within 5%, be sent into reaction kettle in, control reaction kettle in temperature at 85 DEG C,
It is at the uniform velocity stirred to react 25 minutes, takes out stalk powder and be cooled to room temperature, be re-fed into freezing equipment, freezed under subzero 15 DEG C of environment
50 minutes, carry out cold-resistant processing；
(3) straw powder is sent into ball mill after freezing processing, continuously grinding 4 hours, crosses 200 meshes, drying moisture content is extremely
17%, obtain improved plant straw powder.
6. saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the microorganism formulation be Bifidobacterium,
Bacillus subtilis and EM bacterium, mass ratio 1:1:2.
7. saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, which is characterized in that organic fermentation fertilizer be feces of livestock and poultry,
One or more of crop material, dregs of beans, edible fungi residue are made through the fermentation of natural stacking.
8. the preparation method of saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1-7, which is characterized in that including following
Step：
(1) biogas residue, improved plant straw powder, carboxymethyl chitosan, decomposed vinasse are dried, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, after drying
It crushes, sieves with 100 mesh sieve, mixed；
(2) microorganism formulation is added into mixed powder, adding water makes water content (mass ratio) be about 30%, then carries out closed
Fermentation, obtains fermentation material；
(3) desulfurized gypsum, sepiolite miberal powder, oyster shell powder, phosphate, humic acid miberal powder, expanded vermiculite are added into fermentation material
Powder, ferrous sulfate, diatomite and organic fermentation fertilizer, are uniformly mixed, then put into hardening and tempering furnace, progress vapor is quenched, so
Make afterwards material 90-100 DEG C at a temperature of enter pelletizer in pelletize；
(5) particle after granulation is dried, then crushes, obtains saline-alkali soil conditioner.
9. the preparation method of saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in the step (3), water
The quenched condition of steam：It is 10 minutes quenched to be passed through 13% vapor that temperature is 95 DEG C, quality is each component gross mass.
10. the preparation method of saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in the step (2),
The condition of sealed fermenting：22-26 DEG C of fermentation temperature, fermentation time 15-25 days.
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| CN110698294A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-01-17 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Coastal saline soil improvement salt absorption agent with nutrition slow release and lasting effect as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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