CN115717076A - Preparation method and application of saline-alkali soil ecological modifier - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of saline-alkali soil ecological modifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN115717076A CN115717076A CN202211097323.8A CN202211097323A CN115717076A CN 115717076 A CN115717076 A CN 115717076A CN 202211097323 A CN202211097323 A CN 202211097323A CN 115717076 A CN115717076 A CN 115717076A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000235646 Cyberlindnera jadinii Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000190950 Rhodopseudomonas palustris Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000194038 Lactococcus plantarum Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000607598 Vibrio Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 14
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000180701 Nitzschia <flatworm> Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000502321 Navicula Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000243813 Arenicola Species 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000199917 Costaria costata Species 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241001052560 Thallis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009629 microbiological culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000396583 Cochlearia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000194036 Lactococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000219506 Phytolacca Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SAXCKUIOAKKRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Co] SAXCKUIOAKKRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 salt ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of an ecological saline-alkali soil conditioner, belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of an ecological saline-alkali soil conditioner. The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner comprises the following steps: (1) Crushing straws and weeds, adding vinasse and mushroom residues to obtain a mixture, adding composite bacteria powder, and fermenting to obtain a small-molecular organic carbon fertilizer; (2) Mixing diatom, silicate and the micromolecular organic carbon fertilizer, and continuously fermenting to obtain a biological organic fertilizer; (3) Mixing diatomite, magnesium sulfate solution and ammonia water to prepare a modified composite material; (4) And mixing the biological organic fertilizer and the modified composite material to prepare the saline-alkali soil ecological modifier. The saline-alkali soil ecological modifier provided by the invention can restore saline-alkali soil, promote the growth of crops, improve the yield of the crops, and realize the recycling and high-value utilization of wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a preparation method and application of an ecological saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Background
Soil is a material foundation and ecological environment for human survival and development, and soil pollution directly threatens human health and survival development. The salinization of soil is an important issue of concern in the world today, and the salinization of soil is a general term for various salinization and saline-alkali soil types affected by salinization, which are distributed around the world as a very common soil type, and poses a serious threat to agricultural production around the world. The speed of the quality reduction and the area increase of the saline-alkali soil is faster and faster, and the saline-alkali soil in the global range is 1.0 multiplied by 10 per year 6 ～1.5×10 6 hm 2 The speed increases, and according to the related data of UNESCO (United nations textbook organization) and FAO (United nations food and agriculture organization), the following data show that: the total salinized soil area of the world reaches 9.5438 multiplied by 10 8 hm 2 This has an inseparable relationship with human activities such as: the soil fertility is reduced due to long-term and excessive use of chemical fertilizers, excessive grazing, improper irrigation, excessive felling and the like, so that the soil is hardened, acidified and salinized, the organic matters of the soil are reduced, heavy metals in the soil are increased, the total amount and activity of beneficial microbial flora of crop roots are reduced, the normal growth of crops is seriously influenced, and even excellent cultivated land is changed into secondary salinized soil due to daily accumulated and monthly injuries. The salt toxicity and harmful osmotic potential cause the vegetation growth rate to decrease, the carbon content of the soil to decrease, and the physical and chemical properties to further deteriorate.
The existing saline-alkali soil improvement technologies mainly comprise the following technologies:
1. salt discharge control engineering and soil dressing technology
The technology is mainly characterized in that hidden pipes and drenching layers are reasonably arranged under planting soil layers to separate and discharge underground water levels and interference of deeper soil, so that salt sources are blocked, the safety of foreign soil backfilling soil is guaranteed, and the healthy growth of a green land ecosystem is realized. However, the method has relatively high cost, and the good soil from customers can not meet the requirement of cultivated land, and needs secondary improvement.
2. Concealed pipe salt removing technology
The technology is a method for controlling and inhibiting salt of a planting layer by burying underground concealed pipes at fixed intervals or indefinite intervals, but the technology is only suitable for soil with good soil texture structure and high permeability, and is not suitable for soil with high viscosity.
3. Chemical modification technology
The technology utilizes the chemical reaction of exogenous additives and soil colloidal particles to improve the saline-alkali soil, which can achieve better improvement effect within a certain time and a certain planting soil layer range, but introduces a certain amount of Ca into the soil in the long term 2+ And SO 4 2- ，Ca 2+ And Na + The proportion of (A) is improved, but the total amount of salt ions is not reduced, and meanwhile, the addition of exogenous substances is likely to cause secondary pollution, destroy the ecological foundation of soil and be not beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture.
4. Agricultural measures
Mainly comprises the modes of land preparation, deep ploughing and upturned soil sunning, straw returning, green manure planting, crop rotation and intercropping, but the saline-alkali soil can not be effectively improved by simply utilizing the technology.
The existing improvement mode has the problems of long treatment period, easy secondary pollution, poor soil physical and chemical property improvement effect and fertility, non-ideal comprehensive treatment effect and the like on the whole.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method and application of an ecological improver for saline-alkali soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
one of the technical schemes of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the saline-alkali soil ecological improver comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing straws and weeds, adding vinasse and mushroom residues to obtain a mixture, adding composite bacteria powder, and fermenting to obtain a small-molecular organic carbon fertilizer;
(2) Mixing the diatom, the silicate and the small molecular organic carbon fertilizer, and continuing fermentation to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
(3) Mixing diatomite, magnesium sulfate solution and ammonia water to prepare a modified composite material;
(4) Mixing the biological organic fertilizer and the modified composite material to prepare an ecological saline-alkali soil conditioner;
the strains in the composite bacterial powder in the step (1) comprise: rhodopseudomonas palustris, lactococcus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis.
The added vinasse is beneficial to the propagation of microorganisms due to the high content of crude protein (about 25 percent) of the vinasse, so that the fermentation effect is improved.
The strains used in the invention comprise rhodopseudomonas palustris, lactococcus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and candida utilis, and the strains can be cooperatively matched after being combined, so that the fermentation raw materials used in the invention can be effectively decomposed to obtain micromolecular organic matters, and the strains have no antagonistic action; meanwhile, the strain used by the invention has good nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation effects, can greatly increase crop products when being applied to planting, and has very remarkable yield increase effect.
Preferably, the carbon nitrogen ratio of the mixture in the step (1) is 22-30.
Preferably, the composite bacterial powder in the step (1) accounts for 3-7% of the mass of the mixture; the mass ratio of rhodopseudomonas palustris, lactococcus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and candida utilis is 1-3.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature in the step (1) is 20-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 24-76 h.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the diatom to the silicate to the small molecular organic carbon fertilizer in the step (2) is 2-5; the diatoms comprise 2-5 mass ratios of Navicula ruvalis, nitzschia marina and common costatus in the following ratio of 2-5.
Preferably, the silicate is sodium silicate or potassium silicate.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature in the step (2) is 25-35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48-76 h.
Preferably, in the step (3), the solid-to-liquid ratio of the diatomite, the magnesium sulfate solution and the ammonia water is 1-3g, and is (2-4) mL.
Preferably, the preparation step of the modified composite material comprises: drying, crushing and grinding the diatomite, adding magnesium sulfate solution, mixing uniformly, adding ammonia water dropwise, filtering, washing, calcining at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, cooling and sieving to obtain the modified composite material.
Preferably, the modified composite material in the step (4) accounts for 5-9% of the mass of the bio-organic fertilizer.
The second technical scheme of the invention is as follows: provides the saline-alkali soil ecological improver prepared by the preparation method of the saline-alkali soil ecological improver.
The third technical scheme of the invention is as follows: provides an application of the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner in saline-alkali soil improvement, and the specific application mode is as follows: ploughing a soil plough layer by 0-60 cm in the saline-alkali soil manually or mechanically, and applying the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner according to the amount of 50-200 kg/mu.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the surface of the modified composite material component contained in the saline-alkali soil ecological modifier provided by the invention is uniformly distributed MgO, so that the saline-alkali soil ecological modifier can enhance the adsorbability of heavy metal Cd and other cations in the environment. The silicate in the component can be utilized by diatom, the kieselguhr in the component can be used as a field planting home for diatom growth, meanwhile, the kieselguhr can be dissolved and converted into the silicate to form a ' diatom-kieselguhr-silicate ' balance system, a perfect closed loop is created, the kieselguhr-silicate ' balance system, the diatom-kieselguhr-silicate and the kieselguhr-silicate supplement each other, and the improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner is enhanced.
The saline-alkali soil ecological modifier provided by the invention can restore saline-alkali soil, promote the growth of crops, improve the yield of the crops, and realize the recycling and high-value utilization of wastes.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every intervening value, to the extent any stated or intervening value in a stated range, and every other stated or intervening value in that stated range, is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The rhodopseudomonas palustris used in the invention is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.18929; the lactococcus plantarum is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC), and the preservation number is CGMCC No.16487; the bacillus subtilis is purchased from China industrial microorganism strain preservation management center, and the preservation number is CICC 20445; the candida utilis is purchased from China industrial microorganism strain preservation management center, and the preservation number is CICC 1768.
Culturing rhodopseudomonas palustris thallus: inoculating rhodopseudomonas palustris into a culture medium (1L of distilled water, 4.2g of sodium acetate, 0.8g of yeast extract and 1mL of trace element solution according to the proportion of 5 percent, wherein the formula of the trace element solution comprises 5mg of ferric chloride, 5mg of copper sulfate, 1mg of boric acid, 0.05mg of manganese chloride, 1mg of zinc sulfate and 0.5mg of cobalt nitrate, and water is added to the culture medium to 1000 mL), carrying out shaking culture at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 72 hours, then carrying out amplification culture by using the same culture medium, centrifuging and filtering to obtain rhodopseudomonas palustris thalli for later use;
culturing lactococcus phytolacca thallus: inoculating lactococcus plantarum into an MRS culture medium (pH = 6.4) according to the proportion of 3%, performing shake culture at 30 ℃ for 24h, performing amplification culture by using the same culture medium, centrifuging, and filtering to obtain lactococcus plantarum thalli for later use;
culturing bacillus subtilis: inoculating bacillus subtilis into a culture medium (the formula of the culture medium is 1L of distilled water, 20g of glucose, 15g of peptone, 5g of sodium chloride, 0.5g of beef extract and 20g of agar, and the pH = 7.0) according to the proportion of 5%, carrying out shaking culture at 36 ℃ for 14h, then carrying out amplification culture by using the same culture medium, centrifuging, and filtering to obtain bacillus subtilis thallus for later use;
culturing the candida utilis thallus: inoculating candida utilis into a culture medium (1L of distilled water, 50g of glucose, 20g of yeast powder, 2g of monopotassium phosphate, 1g of magnesium sulfate and 1g of ammonium sulfate and pH = 5.5) according to the proportion of 1%, carrying out shaking culture at 30 ℃ for 24h, then carrying out amplification culture by using the same culture medium, centrifuging, filtering to obtain candida utilis thallus for later use.
Example 1
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of small molecular organic carbon fertilizer
Crushing corn straws and weeds, adding vinasse and mushroom residues, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the corn straws to the weeds to the vinasse to the mushroom residues is 5; wherein the composite bacterial powder accounts for 3wt% of the mixture of the straw, the weeds, the vinasse and the mushroom residues.
(2) Preparation of bio-organic fertilizer
Mixing 3 parts of diatom, 10 parts of sodium silicate and 30 parts of micromolecular organic carbon fertilizer by weight, and continuously fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 30 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a biological organic fertilizer; wherein the diatoms comprise Sjoranus chensinensis, nitzschia costata and common nitzschia costata according to the mass ratio of 3.
(3) Preparation of modified composite materials
Drying, crushing and grinding diatomite, adding 1mol/L magnesium sulfate solution, uniformly mixing, dropwise (0.05 mL/s) adding 25wt% ammonia water, filtering, washing, calcining in a muffle furnace at 550 ℃, cooling and sieving to obtain a modified composite material; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the diatomite, the magnesium sulfate solution and the ammonia water is 1g:0.6mL:2mL.
(4) Preparation of saline-alkali soil ecological modifier
Mixing the biological organic fertilizer with the modified composite material to obtain an ecological modifier for the saline-alkali soil; wherein the modified composite material accounts for 8wt% of the biological organic fertilizer.
Example 2
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of small molecular organic carbon fertilizer
The method comprises the following steps of (1) crushing corn straws and weeds, adding vinasse and mushroom residues, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the corn straws to the weeds to the vinasse to the mushroom residues is (5); wherein the composite fungus powder accounts for 6wt% of the mixture of the straw, the weeds, the vinasse and the mushroom residues.
(2) Preparation of bio-organic fertilizer
Mixing 3 parts of diatom, 10 parts of sodium silicate and 30 parts of micromolecular organic carbon fertilizer in parts by weight, and continuously fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 30 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a biological organic fertilizer; wherein the diatoms comprise navicula arenicola, nitzschia costata and common costaria costata in a mass ratio of 3.
(3) Preparation of modified composite materials
Drying, crushing and grinding diatomite, adding 1mol/L magnesium sulfate solution, uniformly mixing, dropwise (0.05 mL/s) adding 25wt% ammonia water, filtering, washing, calcining in a muffle furnace at 550 ℃, cooling and sieving to obtain a modified composite material; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the diatomite, the magnesium sulfate solution and the ammonia water is 1g:0.6mL:2mL.
(4) Preparation of saline-alkali soil ecological modifier
Mixing the biological organic fertilizer with the modified composite material to obtain an ecological modifier for the saline-alkali soil; wherein the modified composite material accounts for 8wt% of the biological organic fertilizer.
Example 3
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil ecological modifier comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of small molecular organic carbon fertilizer
Crushing corn straws and weeds, adding vinasse and mushroom residues, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the corn straws to the weeds to the vinasse to the mushroom residues is 5; wherein the composite bacterial powder accounts for 6wt% of the mixture of the straw, the weeds, the vinasse and the mushroom residues.
(2) Preparation of biological organic fertilizer
Mixing 3 parts of diatom, 10 parts of sodium silicate and 30 parts of micromolecular organic carbon fertilizer by weight, and continuously fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 30 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a biological organic fertilizer; wherein the diatoms comprise Sjoranus chensinensis, nitzschia costata and common nitzschia costata according to the mass ratio of 2.
(3) Preparation of modified composite materials
Drying, crushing and grinding kieselguhr, adding a 1mol/L magnesium sulfate solution, uniformly mixing, dropwise adding 25wt% of ammonia water (0.05 mL/s), filtering, washing, calcining in a muffle furnace at 550 ℃, cooling and sieving to obtain a modified composite material, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the kieselguhr, the magnesium sulfate solution and the ammonia water is 1g:0.6mL:2mL.
(4) Preparation of saline-alkali soil ecological improver
Mixing a biological organic fertilizer with the modified composite material to obtain an ecological saline-alkali soil conditioner; wherein the modified composite material accounts for 8wt% of the biological organic fertilizer.
Example 4
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of small molecular organic carbon fertilizer
Crushing corn straws and weeds, adding vinasse and mushroom residues, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the corn straws to the weeds to the vinasse to the mushroom residues is 5; the composite bacterial powder accounts for 6wt% of the mixture of the straw, the weeds, the vinasse and the mushroom residues.
(2) Preparation of biological organic fertilizer
Mixing 3 parts of diatom, 10 parts of sodium silicate and 30 parts of micromolecular organic carbon fertilizer in parts by weight, and continuously fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 30 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a biological organic fertilizer; wherein the diatom comprises Navicula avenae and Cochlearia pulcherrima at a mass ratio of 2.
(3) Preparation of composite materials
Drying, crushing and grinding kieselguhr, adding a 1mol/L magnesium sulfate solution, uniformly mixing, dropwise adding 25wt% of ammonia water (0.05 mL/s), filtering, washing, calcining in a muffle furnace at 550 ℃, cooling and sieving to obtain a modified composite material, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the kieselguhr, the magnesium sulfate solution and the ammonia water is 1g:0.6mL:2mL.
(4) Preparation of saline-alkali soil ecological modifier
Mixing the biological organic fertilizer with the modified composite material to obtain an ecological modifier for the saline-alkali soil; wherein the modified composite material accounts for 8wt% of the biological organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner comprises the following steps:
mixing 30 parts of a mixture of crushed corn straws, weeds, vinasse and mushroom residues (wherein the mass ratio of the corn straws, the weeds, the vinasse and the mushroom residues is 5. Drying, crushing and grinding kieselguhr, adding a 1mol/L magnesium sulfate solution, uniformly mixing, dropwise adding 25wt% of ammonia water (0.05 mL/s), filtering, washing, calcining in a muffle furnace at 550 ℃, cooling and sieving to obtain a modified composite material, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the kieselguhr, the magnesium sulfate solution and the ammonia water is 1g:0.6mL:2mL.
Mixing the biological organic fertilizer with the modified composite material to obtain an ecological modifier for the saline-alkali soil; wherein the modified composite material accounts for 8wt% of the biological organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil ecological modifier comprises the following steps:
crushing corn straws and weeds, adding vinasse and mushroom residues, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the corn straws to the weeds to the vinasse to the mushroom residues is 5; wherein the composite bacterial powder accounts for 6wt% of the mixture of the straw, the weeds, the vinasse and the mushroom residues.
Drying, crushing and grinding kieselguhr, adding 1mol/L magnesium sulfate solution, uniformly mixing, dropwise adding (0.05 mL/s) 25wt% ammonia water, filtering, washing, calcining in a muffle furnace at 550 ℃, cooling and sieving to obtain a modified composite material, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the kieselguhr, the magnesium sulfate solution and the ammonia water is 1g:0.6mL:2mL. Mixing 10 parts of sodium silicate and 30 parts of small molecular organic carbon fertilizer, continuing fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 30 ℃ for 48 hours, adding 8wt% of modified composite material, and uniformly mixing to obtain the saline-alkali soil ecological modifier.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil ecological modifier comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of crushing corn straws and weeds, adding vinasse and mushroom residues, and uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the corn straws to the weeds to the vinasse to the mushroom residues is 5.
Mixing 3 parts of diatom, 10 parts of sodium silicate and 30 parts of micromolecular organic carbon fertilizer, and continuing to ferment at the fermentation temperature of 30 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a biological organic fertilizer; wherein the diatoms comprise navicula arenicola, nitzschia costata and common costaria costata in a mass ratio of 3. Drying, crushing and grinding kieselguhr, adding a 1mol/L magnesium sulfate solution, uniformly mixing, dropwise adding 25wt% of ammonia water (0.05 mL/s), filtering, washing, calcining in a muffle furnace at 550 ℃, cooling and sieving to obtain a modified composite material, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the kieselguhr, the magnesium sulfate solution and the ammonia water is 1g:0.6mL:2mL. And (3) mixing the bio-organic fertilizer with the composite material to obtain the saline-alkali soil ecological improver, wherein the modified composite material accounts for 8wt% of the bio-organic fertilizer.
Application example
The saline-alkali soil ecological modifier prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 is applied to saline-alkali soil restoration and is divided into a blank group, an experiment 1 group, an experiment 2 group, an experiment 3 group, an experiment 4 group, a contrast 1 group, a contrast 2 group and a contrast 3 group, the same fertilization mode (soil is mechanically turned by a rotary cultivator, the turning depth is 20-60 cm, the soil modifier is placed in the rotary cultivator, and the soil modifier is applied during turning) and a management mode (a conventional management method) are adopted, and the differences are that:
treating the blank group without adding a modifier;
experiment 1 group applied with the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner prepared in example 1, applied before Chinese cabbage planting at 70 kg/mu;
experiment 2 group applied with the saline-alkali soil ecological improver prepared in example 2, applied before Chinese cabbage planting at 70 kg/mu;
experiment 3 groups applied with the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner prepared in the example 3, and applied before planting Chinese cabbage, 70 kg/mu;
experiment 4 groups applied with the saline-alkali soil ecological improver prepared in example 4, and applied before Chinese cabbage planting at 70 kg/mu;
applying the saline-alkali soil ecological improver prepared in the comparative example 1 to the control group 1, and applying 70 kg/mu before planting Chinese cabbages;
applying 70 kg/mu of the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner prepared in the comparative example 2 to the control group 2 before planting Chinese cabbages;
and applying 70 kg/mu of the saline-alkali soil ecological improver prepared in the comparative example 3 to the control group 3 before planting the Chinese cabbages.
The physicochemical properties of the soil 0-20 cm after the improvement of each experimental group were measured after one week, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of the soil after ecological amendment for saline-alkali soil of each group
As can be seen from the table 1, the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner provided by the invention can effectively reduce the salt content and alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil and improve the physicochemical properties of the saline-alkali soil.
The improved soil is used for carrying out a spring overlord cabbage planting experiment, harvesting is carried out after 30 days, the cabbage properties are measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 yield of Chunbaiwang cabbage planted in improved soil
As can be seen from Table 2, the soil improved by the saline-alkali soil ecological improver provided by the invention can significantly improve the yield of Chinese cabbage.
The results show that the saline-alkali soil ecological conditioner provided by the invention can repair saline-alkali soil, promote crop growth, improve yield, and realize resource utilization and high-value utilization of wastes.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil ecological improver is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Crushing straws and weeds, adding vinasse and mushroom residues to obtain a mixture, adding composite bacteria powder, and fermenting to obtain a small-molecular organic carbon fertilizer;
(2) Mixing the diatom, the silicate and the small molecular organic carbon fertilizer, and continuing fermentation to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
(3) Mixing diatomite, magnesium sulfate solution and ammonia water to prepare a modified composite material;
(4) Mixing the biological organic fertilizer and the modified composite material to prepare an ecological modifier for the saline-alkali soil;
the strains in the composite bacterial powder in the step (1) comprise: rhodopseudomonas palustris, lactococcus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis.
2. The method for preparing the saline-alkali soil ecological improver according to claim 1, wherein the composite bacterial powder accounts for 3-7% of the mass of the mixture in the step (1); the mass ratio of the rhodopseudomonas palustris, the lactococcus plantarum, the bacillus subtilis and the candida utilis is (1-3).
3. The method for preparing an ecological improver of saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature in the step (1) is 20 to 40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 24 to 76 hours.
4. The method for preparing the saline-alkali soil ecological improver according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the diatom, the silicate and the small molecular organic carbon fertilizer in step (2) is 2-5; the diatom comprises 2-5 mass percent of Vibrio naevi, marine rhombus algae and common costeriophytes.
5. The method for preparing an ecological improver of saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature in the step (2) is 25 to 35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48 to 76 hours.
6. The method for preparing the saline-alkali soil ecological improver according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the solid-to-liquid ratio of the diatomite, the magnesium sulfate solution and the ammonia water is 1-3g, and the ratio is 2-4 mL, wherein the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 25%, and the concentration of the magnesium sulfate is 1mol/L.
7. The method for preparing the saline-alkali soil ecological improver as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preparation step of the modified composite material comprises the following steps: drying, crushing and grinding the diatomite, adding magnesium sulfate solution, mixing uniformly, adding ammonia water dropwise, filtering, washing, calcining at the temperature of 500-600 ℃, cooling and sieving to obtain the modified composite material.
8. The method for preparing the saline-alkali soil ecological improver according to claim 1, wherein the modified composite material in the step (4) accounts for 5-9% of the mass of the biological organic fertilizer.
9. An ecological amendment for saline-alkali soil prepared by the method for preparing the ecological amendment for saline-alkali soil according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The use of the ecological saline-alkali soil conditioner as set forth in claim 9, wherein the ecological saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied to saline-alkali soil in an amount of 50 to 200 kg/acre by turning a cultivated soil layer in a saline-alkali soil by a manual or mechanical means by 0 to 60 cm.
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