CN117720383A - Organomineral mixture and method for improving saline-alkali soil and raising seedlings by using same - Google Patents
Organomineral mixture and method for improving saline-alkali soil and raising seedlings by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN117720383A CN117720383A CN202410179776.8A CN202410179776A CN117720383A CN 117720383 A CN117720383 A CN 117720383A CN 202410179776 A CN202410179776 A CN 202410179776A CN 117720383 A CN117720383 A CN 117720383A
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-methyl-butyric acid Natural products CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an organic mineral mixture and a method for improving saline-alkali soil and raising seedlings by using the same, wherein the organic mineral mixture is suitable for improving the saline-alkali soil and comprises the following steps: the organic minerals are generated by decomposing and transforming animal and plant residues through microorganisms, are suitable for improving the structure of the saline-alkali soil, and improve the organic matter content in the saline-alkali soil, and the burning loss rate of the organic minerals is 66.5% -69%; the active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer is prepared by anaerobic hydrolysis and fermentation of an organic acid fermentation strain in a mixed feed liquid, wherein the mixed feed liquid provides a carrier for propagation of the organic acid fermentation strain; the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer is prepared by placing an organic acid fermentation strain in phosphate ore containing calcium element and magnesium element and performing acid hydrolysis, and is suitable for ion exchange to reduce the salinity of saline-alkali soil; and the polar biochar is obtained by soaking the biochar in an acidic ionization solution of iron ions and then treating the biochar with a citric acid solution, and is suitable for adsorbing ions in saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, in particular to an organic mineral mixture and a method for improving saline-alkali soil and raising seedlings by using the same, and further relates to a method for recovering and improving the saline-alkali soil by combining biotechnology and chemical treatment technology.
Background
Along with the deterioration of ecological environment, saline-alkali soil tends to be expanded year by year, and a large amount of saline-alkali soil is widely distributed in different areas. Saline-alkali soil is mainly formed because the pH value of the soil is obviously higher than that of the neutral soil, wherein the pH value of the light saline-alkali soil is between 7 and 8, the pH value of the medium saline-alkali soil is between 8 and 9, and the pH value of the heavy saline-alkali soil exceeds 9. The higher pH in saline-alkali soil generally requires neutralization by application of acidic organic fertilizer to lower the pH. In addition, saline-alkali soil has a high salt content (0.6% to 1.0%) and a high proportion of exchangeable sodium ions (Na + ) Serious threat to plant growth is caused by sodium ions mainly in NaHCO 3 、Na 2 CO 3 In the form of a compound such as NaCl.
One of the characteristics of saline-alkali soil is that salt migrates with the flow of moisture, i.e. "salt comes with water, salt goes with water". For example, saline-alkali soil in a certain region has a pH of 8, an organic matter content of only 0.62%, a total soluble salt content of 0.41, and a serious lack of organic matter in soil. And due to accumulation of salt, osmotic pressure of soil can be increased, so that plant root systems are difficult to absorb water. In addition, saline-alkali soil can inhibit plant growth, destroy nutrient balance, lead to root rot and inhibit normal growth of root systems.
In the aspect of improving saline-alkali soil, a fresh water drainage and irrigation technology or a physical improvement technology is generally adopted, wherein the fresh water drainage and irrigation technology is used for dissolving and removing salt and alkali in soil by utilizing fresh water irrigation, and meanwhile, drainage ditches are dug among crop rows to ensure that the groundwater level cannot rise, however, the key point of the method is that water resources are reasonably managed, and the groundwater level is prevented from rising; the physical improvement technology improves the physical property of soil by using a physical modifier, reduces the evaporation of water and prevents the return of salt, however, the method faces the problems of lack of fresh water resources, higher pH value of soil, high groundwater level, movement of saline alkali along with the water and the like. The problems of saline-alkali soil can be relieved in a short period by utilizing methods such as fresh water irrigation and drainage, soil turning and salt burning, planting saline-alkali tolerant plants and the like, however, the problems of saline-alkali soil cannot be fundamentally solved due to the fact that the saline-alkali soil is barren, lacks organic matters and is easy to harden.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an organomineral mixture and a method for improving saline-alkali soil and raising seedlings thereof, so as to at least partially solve the above technical problems.
As a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organomineral mixture suitable for use in the improvement of saline-alkali soil, the organomineral mixture comprising: the organic minerals are generated by decomposing and transforming animal and plant residues through microorganisms, are suitable for improving the structure of the saline-alkali soil, and improve the organic matter content in the saline-alkali soil, and have the burning loss rate of 66.5% -69%; the active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer is prepared by anaerobic hydrolysis and fermentation of an organic acid fermentation strain in a mixed feed liquid, wherein the mixed feed liquid provides a carrier for propagation of the organic acid fermentation strain and comprises plant fiber powder and animal excrement liquid; the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer is prepared by placing an organic acid fermentation strain in phosphate ore containing calcium element and magnesium element and performing acid hydrolysis, and is suitable for ion exchange to reduce the salinity of saline-alkali soil; and the polar biochar is obtained by soaking the biochar in an acidic ionization solution of iron ions and then treating the biochar with a citric acid solution, and is suitable for adsorbing ions in saline-alkali soil.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the organomineral mixture comprises, in mass fraction: 40-50 wt% of an organomineral; 20-30wt% of active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer; 20-30wt% of calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer; 10-20wt% of polar biochar; wherein the moisture content of the organic mineral mixture is 15-25 wt%.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pH value of the organic mineral is 5.5-6.0, the mass content of the organic matter is 66.12-69%, and the mass content of the humic acid is 32.56-35.74%.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the organic acid fermenting bacteria strain includes any one or more of acetic acid strain, isovaleric acid strain, lactic acid strain, succinic acid strain, acetic acid strain.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen of the mixed feed liquid is (6-9) and (10-14).
According to the embodiment of the invention, the mass content of calcium in the phosphate ore is 20-30%, the mass content of magnesium is 5-10%, and the mass ratio of calcium to magnesium is 2-6:1.
As a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for improving saline-alkali soil using the organomineral mixture as described above, the method comprising: and sowing the organic mineral mixture into the saline-alkali soil, and stirring the soil to obtain the improved saline-alkali soil.
As a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for raising seedlings using the above organomineral mixture, comprising: mixing the organic mineral mixture with nutrient soil to form culture soil; seeding in culture soil, and then raising seedlings to enable the plants to germinate and emerge; sowing the organic mineral mixture into the saline-alkali soil, and stirring to obtain an improved saline-alkali soil; transplanting the plant after seedling emergence into the improved saline-alkali soil to enable the plant after seedling emergence to develop and grow.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the sowing quantity of the organic mineral mixture is 4000-10000 kg/mu.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the mixing ratio of the organic mineral mixture to the nutrient soil is 1:3-5; the water content of the culture soil is 18-22%.
Based on the technical scheme, the organic mineral mixture and the method for improving the saline-alkali soil and raising seedlings by using the organic mineral mixture provided by the invention at least comprise one of the following beneficial effects.
(1) In the embodiment of the invention, the used organic minerals are natural minerals formed by decomposing, converting and synthesizing plant and animal residues under the ground through microorganisms, have higher burning loss rate of about 66.5-69%, show higher organic matter and humic acid content, and can improve the soil structure of barren, saline-alkali and hardened soil. The conversion rate of organic matters can be effectively improved by adding active acid to activate enzyme liquid fertilizer to generate a large amount of organic acid, and solid organic matters in organic minerals are activated into active ionic matters under the action of the organic acid so as to be converted into amino acid which is favorable for absorption of plant root systems.
(2) In the embodiment of the invention, plant fiber powder and animal waste liquid are used as carriers for the propagation of the organic acid zymophyte strain, so that the propagation speed and acidity value of the active acid activating enzyme are enhanced, the microbial activity of the soil can be enhanced, the decomposition of organic matters in the soil is facilitated, and the quantity and the variety of microbial flora are increased, so that the soil environment is improved.
(3) In the embodiment of the invention, the acid generating capacity of the active acid enzyme strain is utilized to form an acid environment, so that the calcium element and the magnesium element in the phosphate ore are promoted to be Ca 2+ And Mg (magnesium) 2+ The ion form is released and dissolved out, and the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer is obtained by a non-chemical method, so that the replacement effect of calcium ions and magnesium ions and sodium ions in soil is promoted, and the salinity of the soil is reduced. Compared with chemical fertilizers, the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer provided by the invention reduces the burden on the environment caused by the production process and the use of the chemical fertilizers.
(4) In the embodiment of the invention, the activated functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl are added after the biochar is treated in the acidic ionization solution of the iron ions, so that the adsorption property of the biochar can be improved, the surface polarity and charge density are increased, and then the surface of the biochar is introduced with new phenolic and amido functional groups after being treated by the citric acid solution, thereby further improving the Na resistance + Reducing the selective adsorption of Ca 2+ And Mg (magnesium) 2+ Is adsorbed by the adsorbent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the formulation of an organomineral mixture in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of seedling raising and saline-alkali soil improvement by using an organomineral mixture in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and/or the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be construed to have meanings consistent with the context of the present specification and should not be construed in an idealized or overly formal manner. The burning loss rate is 100 g of dry matter net weight after burning of the organic mineral at a certain temperature, specifically the burning of the organic matter exists mainly as C, H element, and the water evaporates during burning to form ash residue.
Where expressions like at least one of "A, B and C, etc. are used, the expressions should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g.," a system having at least one of A, B and C "shall include, but not be limited to, a system having a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc.).
In the process of realizing the invention, the saline-alkali soil is generally found to have the problems of higher pH value and salt content and lower organic matter and humic acid content. Wherein, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is usually more than 8, the lowering of the pH value can only reduce the alkalinity, and Na in the salt + Osmotic pressure of ions causes the crops to be difficult to emerge, na must be replaced by ions + Ion exchange can reduce salt content. And secondly, the organic matter content in the saline-alkali soil is lower than 2%, the humic acid content is lower than 1%, and the soil lacks a granular structure. Therefore, the saline-alkali soil is improved by adopting a method for reducing the groundwater level, the fresh water pressure, the alkali and the ditching and draining water of the planting row, but in the long term, the improvement schemes cannot solve the problem of the saline-alkali soil due to the characteristics of low organic matter content, poor soil quality and easy hardening of the soil. Therefore, the problems of the saline-alkali soil are solved by comprehensively considering the factors such as soil characteristics, water resource management, organic matter content improvement and the like, and the quality of the saline-alkali soil can be fundamentally improved by adopting comprehensive measures.
In view of the above, the present invention provides an organomineral mixture and a method for improving saline-alkali soil and raising seedlings thereof.
Specifically, as a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organomineral mixture suitable for use in the improvement of saline-alkali soil, the organomineral mixture comprising: the organic minerals are generated by decomposing and transforming animal and plant residues through microorganisms, are suitable for improving the structure of the saline-alkali soil, and improve the organic matter content in the saline-alkali soil, and have the burning loss rate of 66.5% -69%; the active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer is prepared by anaerobic hydrolysis and fermentation of strains of organic acid fermentation bacteria in mixed feed liquid, wherein the mixed feed liquid provides a carrier for the strain propagation of the organic acid fermentation bacteria and comprises plant fiber powder and animal waste liquid; the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer is prepared by placing a strain of organic acid fermentation bacteria in phosphate ore containing calcium element and magnesium element and performing acid hydrolysis, and is suitable for ion exchange to reduce the salinity of saline-alkali soil; and the polar biochar is obtained by soaking the biochar in an acidic ionization solution of iron ions and then treating the biochar with a citric acid solution, and is suitable for adsorbing ions in saline-alkali soil.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the organic mineral with the burning loss rate of 66.5-69% contains more organic matters and humic acid, and a large amount of organic matters form active ionic substances under the action of the active acid activating enzyme in the active acid activating enzyme liquid fertilizer, so that the active ionic substances can be converted into amino acids which are favorable for plant absorption. The acid activating enzyme can also enhance the microbial activity of the soil, is beneficial to decomposing organic matters in the soil and increases the quantity and the types of microbial flora in the soil.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the acid-producing capability of the active acid enzyme strain can also promote the calcium element and the magnesium element in the phosphate ore to be expressed as Ca 2+ And Mg (magnesium) 2+ The calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer is prepared by releasing and dissolving out the ion form, and can be subjected to ion exchange with sodium ions in soil to cooperate with the action of polar biochar so as to further improve the Na resistance + The polar biochar treated by the ionization solution can adsorb sodium ions and has ion characteristics, can promote the exchange of sodium ions in soil with calcium ions and magnesium ions in the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer, reduces sodium ions in saline-alkali soil, and further reduces the salinity in the saline-alkali soil.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the organomineral mixture comprises, in mass fraction: 40-50 wt% of an organomineral; 20-30wt% of active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer; 20-30wt% of calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer; 10-20wt% of polar biochar; wherein the moisture content of the organic mineral mixture is 15-25 wt%.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the sum of the weight percentages of the components in the organic mineral mixture is 100%, the addition amount of the components can be adjusted and optimized according to specific soil characteristics and crop varieties, and the synergistic effect of the organic mineral mixture is comprehensively used to improve soil fertility and structure, so that better improvement effect can be generated, and plant growth is promoted. The organic mineral mixture combination physical method provided by the invention(e.g. digging drainage ditches at intervals in the planting area) to reduce the groundwater level, further blocking the salt rising channel and effectively reducing the pH value and Na of saline-alkali soil + Ions, and realizes improvement of saline-alkali soil.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the organic mineral mixture with the water content of 15-25% is prepared, so that the humidity and the activity of the active acid activating enzyme of the mixture can be kept, the decomposition of organic matters is promoted, a good chemical reaction environment is maintained, and the fertilizer efficiency of the whole mixture is improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the pH of the organomineral is 5.5 to 6.0, which may be, for example, 5.5, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, etc.; the mass content of the organic matters is 66.12% -69%, for example, 66.2%, 67%, 67.5%, 68%, 68.5% and the like; the mass content of humic acid is 32.56% to 35.74%, for example, 32.8%, 33.2%, 33.6%, 34.5%, 35.6% or the like, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not mentioned in the above-mentioned value range are applicable. The organic mineral is rich in biochar organic matters and high humic acid, is suitable for improving barren, saline-alkali and hardened soil, and is especially suitable for deep plow layers and soil with poor aggregate structure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the organic minerals can be selected from the organic minerals on the soil surface layer of the non-saline-alkali soil, the content is rich, the reserve capacity can reach hundreds of millions of tons, the water content can be 24.18%, the pH value can be 5.5-6.0, the organic matter content can be 66.12-69%, the humic acid can be 32.56-35.74%, and the burning loss rate can be 66.5-69%. Tested in which SiO 2 The content can be 15% -17%, al 2 O 3 The content can be 10 to 12 percent, fe 2 O 3 The content can be 2% -4%, caO content can be 1.5% -2%, mgO content can be 0.3% -0.55%, other content can be 1.5% -1.8%, and pH value can be 5.0-6.0.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the organic mineral on the surface layer of the non-saline-alkali soil has higher organic matter content, so that the soil structure can be improved, and the organic matter lacking in the soil can be increased, thereby improving the soil fertility and the crop yield. For example, the organic matter content of soil in vegetable greenhouses using nitrogen phosphorus potassium (NPK) fertilizers is generally low, only 1.33%;the burning loss rate of the saline-alkali soil at a certain place is 7.59 percent, siO 2 The content is 68.07 percent, al 2 O 3 The content of Fe is 10.82 percent 2 O 3 The content was 4.41%, the CaO content was 2.12%, the MgO content was 3.11%, and the other contents were 3.88%. The organic mineral mixture can be used for improving the soil quality, and the soil is proportioned according to the salt required by the growth of crops, so that the healthy growth of plants can be effectively promoted, and the organic mineral mixture is environment-friendly.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the organic acid fermenting bacteria strain includes any one or more of acetic acid strain, isovaleric acid strain, lactic acid strain, succinic acid strain, acetic acid strain. Other strains which can grow in the mixed feed liquid to generate the active acid activating enzyme can be selected according to actual conditions, the strain has acid generating capacity, and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil can be further reduced.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the organic acid fermentation bacteria strain is extracted from wild rotting matters under alkaline condition, the extracted strains are respectively placed in an artificial culture medium for 20-30 days of aseptic operation, the growth amount of hypha is observed, and the strain with the largest growth amount is selected from the strains by weighing. The strain may be a commercially available strain, and the manner of obtaining the strain is not limited herein.
According to the embodiment of the invention, different types of organic acid zymophyte strains are respectively placed in the mixed feed liquid to prepare the active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer through 15-40 days of anaerobic hydrolysis and fermentation, wherein the pH value of the fermentation liquid in the fermentation process is 5.0-6.0, and H is + The concentration of ions is highest, one or more strains with high hypha reproduction speed and good anaerobic condition are selected from the strains, the strain growth state is good, a large amount of organic acids are generated, and the strain has stronger activity, so that the capability of decomposing organic matters is stronger.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the mixed feed liquid comprises plant fiber powder and animal manure liquid, wherein main components of the animal manure comprise cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and decomposition components thereof, fat, organic acid, enzyme and various inorganic salts, the organic matter mass content is 12% -16%, the N, P, K mass content is less than 1%, the carbon-nitrogen mass ratio of the animal manure is 14:1, and the carbon-nitrogen mass ratio of the mixed feed liquid after being mixed with the plant fiber powder is (6-9): (10-14), so that the mixed feed liquid can be used as a carrier for propagation of organic acid fermentation bacteria strains, and is favorable for generating the acid activating enzyme and enhancing the propagation speed of the acid activating enzyme bacteria.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the mass content of calcium in the phosphate ore is 20-30%, the mass content of magnesium is 5-10%, and the mass ratio of calcium to magnesium is 2-6:1. The calcium and magnesium content of the phosphate ore needs to be high enough to ensure the release amount of calcium ions and magnesium ions, thereby realizing the replacement effect of sodium ions. The organic acid zymophyte strain with stronger reproductive capacity is selected to be placed in the phosphate rock containing calcium element and magnesium element, and the acid production capacity of the organic acid zymophyte is utilized to form an acidic environment, so that calcium and magnesium in the phosphate rock are promoted to be released and dissolved out in an ion form, and the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer is formed.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the polar biochar is a porous material, and the biochar is placed in acid Fe with pH value of 5.0-6.0 3+ /Fe 2+ The active functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl are added on the surface of the biochar after being soaked in the ionized solution, so that the biochar has adsorption characteristics and can increase the polarity and charge density of the material. Then adding the modified polar biochar material into citric acid solution, and introducing new phenolic and amido functional groups for chemical modification, so that the selective adsorption of sodium ions in soil by the polar biochar material is improved, and the adsorption of calcium ions and magnesium ions is reduced. The biochar is porous biochar and is prepared from crop residues, nut shells, branches and the like.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the citric acid solution is 0.2-1M, and the addition amount of the citric acid solution is 5% -10% of the weight of the biochar, so that enough citric acid is provided to react with the surface of the biochar in the range, and meanwhile, the citric acid solution is not excessively concentrated, so that possible side effects such as excessive corrosion or unnecessary chemical modification are avoided. According to the embodiment of the invention, the polar biochar is added into the organic mineral mixture to help improve the permeability and the water retention of the soil, so that the discharge of salt in the soil is indirectly promoted, the polar porous biochar can increase the conductivity in the soil, and simultaneously increase the adsorption speed of sodium ions and the accommodation rate of sodium ions in the soil, thereby effectively reducing the content of sodium ions in the soil and effectively realizing the improvement of the saline-alkali soil. The accommodation rate is the capacity of rapidly combining sodium ions and polar porous biochar in a compound bond form to form a compound, and the polar porous biochar contains various anions, can be combined with positive sodium ions in a pairing way, and has stronger affinity.
As a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for improving saline-alkali soil using the organomineral mixture as described above, the method comprising: and sowing the organic mineral mixture into the saline-alkali soil, and stirring the soil to obtain the improved saline-alkali soil.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the organic mineral mixture is prepared according to the characteristics of soil to be improved and the aim of improving crop varieties, is uniformly stirred and then is placed in a feed box of a tractor, an outer grooved wheel is driven to rotate by power drive to move in a fertilizer pipe, then the organic mineral mixture enters a vibration spreader and uniformly spills onto saline-alkali soil surface soil, and then the mixture is uniformly stirred by a rotary tillage stirrer to a depth of 10-15 cm, so that the mixture and the soil can be effectively uniformly mixed, and the growth of crop root systems is facilitated. And the compound organic fertilizer containing N, P, K can be applied at the same time, the soil fertility is improved, the underground water level is further reduced by digging drainage ditches at intervals in the planting area, and the salt rising channel is blocked to reduce the salt and alkalinity of the soil.
According to the embodiment of the invention, certain saline-alkali soil is selected and obtained by measurement: the organic matter content is 0.62%, the salinity is 0.41%, the pH is 7.95, the alkaline soil is slightly alkaline, the pH value of the alkaline soil after being mixed and improved by the organic mineral mixture is possibly reduced to 6.8-7.2, the alkaline soil is nearly neutral or slightly alkaline, the organic matter content can reach 1% -3%, the salinity can be reduced to below 0.1%, the alkaline soil can be effectively improved, and the alkalinity of the salinity of the soil is reduced.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the sowing amount of the organic mineral mixture is 4000-10000 kg/mu, such as 4000 kg/mu, 6000 kg/mu, 8500 kg/mu, 9000 kg/mu, etc., but the invention is not limited to the listed values, and other non-listed values in the range of the values are equally applicable.
As a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for raising seedlings using the above organomineral mixture, comprising: mixing the organic mineral mixture with nutrient soil to form culture soil; seeding in culture soil, and then raising seedlings to enable the plants to germinate and emerge; sowing the organic mineral mixture into the saline-alkali soil, and stirring to obtain an improved saline-alkali soil; transplanting the plant after seedling emergence into the improved saline-alkali soil to enable the plant after seedling emergence to develop and grow.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the mixing ratio of the organomineral mixture and the nutrient soil is 1:3-5, for example, the mixing ratio can be 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 and the like; the water content of the culture soil is 18% to 22%, for example, 18%, 18.5%, 19%, 20%, 21%, etc., but the present invention is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range are applicable.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the water content of the culture soil formed by mixing the organic mineral mixture and the nutrient soil is preferably 20%, which is favorable for decomposing organic matters into organic acids by the active acid activating enzyme, and the activity of the active acid activating enzyme is not reduced. The culture soil can be put into a nutrition pot body made of a trapezoid degradable permeable mold, the nutrition pot body is sowed and put into a seedbed for seedling, and the seedling is germinated and transplanted mechanically in a field. Wherein, the die center of gravity of the trapezoid nutrition pot body is arranged at a position 1/3 of the distance from the bottom surface, so that the standing straightness of the pot body can be ensured, the transplanting pot body is prevented from tilting and lodging, and the transplanting efficiency is improved. The nutrients in the pot body are enough to meet the nutrients in the seedling stage and the flowering stage, and the resistance (stress resistance and disease resistance) of crops is improved to Miao Quanji uniform.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the nutrient soil contains N, P, K nutrient elements which can meet the requirement of the growth and development of crops in the whole growth period, and the culture soil after the organic mineral mixture is mixed with the nutrient soil contains a large amount of organic acid, humic acid and active acid activating enzyme. After transplanting into the improved saline-alkali soil, the pH value of the soil of the saline-alkali soil can be further reduced, the pH value is neutralized to be slightly alkaline 7.0-7.5, and Na in the saline-alkali soil is promoted + And Ca in calcium magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer 2+ 、Mg 2+ Ion exchange is carried out to reduce the salt-alkali soil Na + Further reduce the salinity in the saline-alkali soil, the same asTime-polarity biochar for selectively adsorbing Na in saline-alkali soil + Further reducing the salinity in the saline-alkali soil.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pH value and Na of the soil can be reduced by the organomineral mixture + The organic mineral mixture is adopted for seedling cultivation and matched transplanting into the improved saline-alkali soil, so that the soil fertility is effectively improved.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more obvious, the technical solutions and principles of the present invention are further described below by specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific examples are given by way of illustration only and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The test materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified. The examples are not intended to identify specific techniques or conditions, but are conventional and may be carried out according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to product specifications.
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the formulation of an organomineral mixture in an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in figure 1, a plurality of organic acid fermentation bacteria are selected from wild rotting matters, are respectively placed in an artificial culture medium for aseptic operation for culture, and after 20 days, the growth of hyphae is observed, and the organic acid fermentation bacteria strain with the maximum reproductive activity is selected. And then preparing the active acid activating enzyme liquid fertilizer and the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer by using the organic acid fermenting bacteria strain respectively. The organic acid fermentation strain is placed in mixed feed liquid with a carbon/nitrogen ratio of 6:10, the mixed feed liquid is plant fiber powder and animal manure liquid, and then the active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer is prepared through anaerobic hydrolytic fermentation for 20 days. The organic acid zymophyte strain is placed in phosphate ore containing calcium and magnesium elements, and the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer is obtained under the strong acid condition. Meanwhile, placing the biochar in Fe with pH value equal to 5.0-6.0 3+ /Fe 2+ Ionizing the solution, and adding 5% of the weight of the biocharAnd (3) treating with 10% citric acid solution to obtain the polar biochar.
According to mass fraction, 30wt% of active acid activating enzyme liquid fertilizer, 20wt% of calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer and 10wt% of polar biochar are added into 40wt% of organic mineral to prepare an organic mineral mixture, and the water content of the obtained organic mineral mixture is 20%. Wherein, the pH value of the organic mineral is 5.0, the organic matter content is 66.12%, the humic acid content is 32.56% and the burning loss rate is 66.5%.
Example 2
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of seedling raising and saline-alkali soil improvement by using an organomineral mixture in an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the organic mineral mixture prepared in example 1 was used for seedling culture and saline-alkali soil improvement, specifically, nutrient soil (containing N, P, K nutrient elements) and the organic mineral mixture were mixed in a ratio of 3:1 to form nutrient soil, the nutrient soil was then put into a nutrient bowl made of a standard mold, sown in the nutrient bowl, placed into a seedling bed, and transplanted in a field after sprouting and seedling emergence. Before transplanting, uniformly sowing the organic mineral mixture in the saline-alkali soil with a mechanical sowing device according to 6000 kg per mu, wherein the pH value of the original soil of the saline-alkali soil is 7.95, the original soil belongs to slight alkalinity, the organic matter content is 0.62%, the soluble nutrient content is 0.41%, after sowing the organic mineral mixture in the saline-alkali soil, uniformly stirring the mixture by using a rotary cultivator, so that organic acid in the mixture fully neutralizes saline-alkali soil, the pH value of the modified saline-alkali soil after mixing is neutralized to weak alkalinity, and the modified saline-alkali soil is shown in table 1.
Meanwhile, 200 kg of N, P, K composite organic fertilizer is applied to the improved saline-alkali soil per mu, drainage ditches are dug at intervals in the planting area, the underground water level is further reduced, a salt rising channel is blocked, and the improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil is maintained.
Example 3
The same formulation as in example 1 was used, with the only difference that the formulation ratio was adjusted to: according to mass fraction, adding 20wt% of active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer, 20wt% of calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer and 10wt% of polar biochar into 50wt% of organic mineral to prepare the organic mineral mixture.
Example 4
The same seedling raising and saline-alkali soil improvement method as in example 2 was employed, except that the organomineral mixture was replaced with the organomineral mixture obtained in example 3.
Example 5
The same formulation as in example 1 was used, with the only difference that the formulation ratio was adjusted to: according to mass fraction, adding 20wt% of active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer and 20wt% of calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer into 60wt% of organic mineral to prepare the organic mineral mixture.
Example 6
The same seedling raising and saline-alkali soil improvement method as in example 2 was employed, except that the organomineral mixture was replaced with the organomineral mixture obtained in example 5.
Based on the technical scheme, the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil by using different organic mineral mixtures is shown in table 1, and examples 2, 4 and 6 can improve the saline-alkali soil.
Wherein, the mass proportion of the active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer in the organic mineral mixture used in the embodiment 2 is 30wt%, which can obviously improve the organic matter content of the soil, and the organic matter content can reach 1.8%, thereby improving the soil structure, and increasing the water retention capacity and the microbial activity of the soil. In example 4, although the organic mineral content was high, the proportion of the activated acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer was low, and the organic matter content in the soil after improvement in example 4 was 1.5% lower than in example 2, based on the complexity of the organic matter conversion process in the soil. Further, the mass ratio of the calcium-magnesium-ion phosphate fertilizer in the organic mineral mixture used in the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 4 is 20wt%, so that the salt content of the soil can be effectively reduced, and the excessive adjustment of the pH value of the soil can be reduced by combining the addition of the organic minerals, so that the stability of the soil environment is maintained. The organic mineral mixture used in example 6 does not contain polar biochar, the organic matter content of the improved soil reaches 2%, but the salt content is 0.15% -0.25%, the salt content is higher than the soil salt standard under ideal growth conditions of most crops, and the pH value of the soil is higher and still belongs to moderate alkalinity.
In general, the organic mineral mixture obtained by mixing the active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer, the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer and the polar biochar with the organic mineral can effectively improve the soil property of the saline-alkali soil, improve the organic matter content of the soil and be beneficial to controlling the salinity and maintaining the pH balance of the soil.
The foregoing embodiments have been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the present invention, and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention thereto.
Claims (10)
1. An organomineral mixture suitable for use in the modification of saline-alkali soil, the organomineral mixture comprising:
an organic mineral which is generated by decomposing and transforming animal and plant residues through microorganisms, is suitable for improving the structure of the saline-alkali soil and the organic matter content in the saline-alkali soil, and has a burning loss rate of 66.5% -69%;
the active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer is prepared by anaerobic hydrolysis and fermentation of an organic acid fermentation strain in a mixed feed liquid, wherein the mixed feed liquid provides a carrier for propagation of the organic acid fermentation strain and comprises plant fiber powder and animal excrement liquid;
the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer is prepared by placing an organic acid fermentation strain in phosphate ore containing calcium element and magnesium element and carrying out acid hydrolysis, and is suitable for ion exchange to reduce the salinity of the saline-alkali soil; and
the polar biochar is obtained by soaking the biochar in an acidic ionization solution of iron ions and then treating the biochar with a citric acid solution, and is suitable for adsorbing ions in the saline-alkali soil.
2. The organomineral mixture of claim 1, wherein the organomineral composition comprises,
the organic mineral mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
40-50 wt% of the organomineral;
20-30wt% of the active acid activated enzyme liquid fertilizer;
20-30wt% of the calcium-magnesium ion phosphate fertilizer; and
10-20 wt% of the polar biochar;
wherein the moisture content in the organomineral mixture is 15-25 wt%.
3. The organomineral mixture of claim 1, wherein the organomineral composition comprises,
the pH value of the organic mineral is 5.5-6.0, the mass content of the organic matters is 66.12-69%, and the mass content of the humic acid is 32.56-35.74%.
4. The organomineral mixture of claim 1, wherein the organomineral composition comprises,
the organic acid fermentation strain comprises any one or more of acetic acid strain, isovaleric acid strain, lactic acid strain, succinic acid strain and acetic acid strain.
5. The organomineral mixture of claim 1, wherein the organomineral composition comprises,
the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen of the mixed material liquid is (6-9) and (10-14).
6. The organomineral mixture of claim 1, wherein the organomineral composition comprises,
the mass content of calcium in the phosphate ore is 20-30%, the mass content of magnesium is 5-10%, and the mass ratio of calcium to magnesium is 2-6:1.
7. A method for improving saline-alkali soil by using the organomineral mixture of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
and sowing the organic mineral mixture into the saline-alkali soil, and stirring the soil to obtain the improved saline-alkali soil.
8. A method for raising seedlings using the organomineral mixture of any of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
mixing the organomineral mixture with nutrient soil to form a culture soil;
seeding in the culture soil, and then raising seedlings to enable the plants to germinate and emerge;
sowing the organic mineral mixture into saline-alkali soil, and stirring to obtain improved saline-alkali soil;
transplanting the plant after seedling emergence into the improved saline-alkali soil, so that the plant after seedling emergence grows.
9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein,
the sowing quantity of the organic mineral mixture is 4000-10000 kg/mu.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of determining the position of the first electrode is performed,
the mixing ratio of the organic mineral mixture to the nutrient soil is 1:3-5;
the water content of the culture soil is 18-22%.
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