CN115594549A - Microbial organic fertilizer for improving saline-alkali soil plough layer structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial organic fertilizer for improving saline-alkali soil plough layer structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a microbial organic fertilizer for improving a soil plough layer structure of saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum into a culture solution for culture to obtain fermentation liquor of corresponding strains; step two, uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor of the two strains in the step one to obtain microbial fermentation liquor; grinding the activated carbon into powder, adding the powder into a honey-water solution, uniformly dispersing by using ultrasonic waves, inoculating the microbial fermentation liquor obtained in the second step, and stirring and mixing to load microorganisms on the surface of the activated carbon to obtain the biological activated carbon; step four, uniformly stirring and mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer and the biological activated carbon obtained in the step three to obtain the microbial organic fertilizer. Compared with the traditional EM bacterial manure, the method provided by the invention can further improve the physicochemical property of soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a microbial organic fertilizer for improving a soil plough layer structure of saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Salt segregant content in saline and alkaline land soil is too much, and under the salt ion coerce, starch formation in the gas pocket guard cell is obstructed, leads to the gas pocket not to close, makes the plant physiological drought appear easily, appears withering phenomenon, leads to the plant to absorb, synthesize and transport nutrient substance in time because of the lack of water to influence the output of crops, appear reducing production or the phenomenon of collecting absolutely. When a plant is in a salt environment with too high concentration, too many salt segregants are generally accumulated in the plant, the high osmotic potential generated by the too high salt concentration can generate osmotic stress on a series of membrane systems in the plant, certain monovalent ions in the salt concentration can also have influence on enzymes in the plant, the stability of the membrane structure and the like, and further influence the metabolic activity of the plant, for example, certain concentration of potassium ions can inhibit the dry weight of organic matters and the activity of ATP enzyme of a root membrane; too high a concentration of sodium ions can inhibit the activity of most enzymes, and too many chloride ions can stop the synthesis of proteins in plants; salt stress also results in the production of reactive oxygen species, rendering biologically functional molecules in the plant non-functional. Therefore, effective improvement and treatment of saline-alkali soil are needed to improve the microbial activity of soil so as to realize agricultural production.
In order to improve the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil, a certain microbial fertilizer is usually applied to the saline-alkali soil, and the salt alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil can be reduced by utilizing a large amount of beneficial microorganisms contained in the microbial fertilizer and organic acid generated by the living activities of the microorganisms, so that the effect of improving the soil is achieved; can also provide slow-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the soil and obviously improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Therefore, the research and development of the microbial fertilizer suitable for the saline-alkali soil to improve the saline-alkali soil is of great research significance.
Researches show that the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved by using the EM microbial inoculum to repair the saline-alkali soil, so that the pH value of the soil is reduced, and the contents of organic matters and NPK in the soil are correspondingly improved. The application of the EM microbial inoculum can also improve the evaporation of potential water in the soil, avoid the accumulation of salt on the surface of the soil, contribute to improving the saline-alkali soil and stabilize the growth of crops in the saline-alkali soil. However, when the saline-alkali soil crops are cultivated by using the EM bacterial manure prepared from the EM bacterial agent, the physicochemical property of the soil can be improved, but the improvement effect on the salt stress environment is still to be improved. Therefore, a microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil and the saline-alkali environment of the saline-alkali soil is needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a microbial organic fertilizer for improving a soil plough layer structure of saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.
A preparation method of a microbial organic fertilizer for improving a soil plough layer structure of saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum into a culture solution for culture to obtain fermentation liquor of corresponding strains;
step two, uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor of the two strains in the step one to obtain microbial fermentation liquor;
grinding the activated carbon into powder, adding the powder into a honey-water solution, uniformly dispersing by using ultrasonic waves, inoculating the microbial fermentation liquor obtained in the step two, stirring and mixing to enable the microorganisms to be loaded on the surface of the activated carbon, and obtaining the biological activated carbon;
step four, uniformly stirring and mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer and the biological activated carbon obtained in the step three to obtain the microbial organic fertilizer.
Further, in the first step, the culture solution is prepared by mixing LB culture medium, honey, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and soybean meal powder; wherein, each 1L of LB culture medium is added with 25 to 45g of honey, 1 to 3g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.5g of magnesium sulfate and 1 to 5g of soybean meal.
Further, in the first step, the inoculation quantities of the bacillus subtilis and the trichoderma harzianum are both 3-8% by volume.
Further, in the first step, the culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature is 28-35 ℃; the culture time is 6-12 h.
Further, in the first step, the viable bacteria concentration of the fermentation liquor of the two strains is more than or equal to 10 8 CFU/g。
Further, in the second step, the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor of the bacillus subtilis to the fermentation liquor of the trichoderma harzianum is 1:0.5 to 0.6.
Furthermore, in the third step, the mass of the molasses accounts for 5-8% of the total mass of the molasses-water solution of the molasses.
Further, in the third step, the mass ratio of the activated carbon powder to the honey-water solution is 1:10 to 15.
Further, in the third step, the mass ratio of the activated carbon powder to the mixed microorganism fermentation liquor is 1:100 to 200.
The invention also provides the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil, which is prepared by the method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the composite microbial agent formed by combining bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum is attached to the surface of activated carbon to form biological activated carbon, and the liquid microbial organic fertilizer formed by the biological activated carbon and the decomposed organic fertilizer is utilized, so that the decomposition of organic matters can be promoted, the physicochemical property of saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved, the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil can be improved, and the growth of saline-alkali soil crops can be promoted.
2. The invention utilizes the mixture of the honey water solution and the activated carbon powder to form a honey layer on the surface of the activated carbon powder, which is beneficial to promoting the attachment of microorganisms, and utilizes the honey as the nutrient of the microorganisms to improve the activity of the microorganisms. After the microbial organic fertilizer is applied to saline-alkali soil, a microbial flora which can resist a salt stress environment can be established and formed on the root system of a plant, and the diversity of microbes in the saline-alkali soil is improved, so that the soil physicochemical property can be effectively improved, and the aims of improving the soil fertility and promoting the growth of crops are fulfilled.
3. The LB culture medium in the culture solution can provide sodium chloride salt, the dipotassium phosphate can provide certain alkalinity, the saline-alkali resistance of the microorganisms can be further improved through the prepared culture solution, and the saline-alkali resistant microorganism strains are further screened and cultured.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The Trichoderma harzianum strain is from China center for type culture collection, and the preservation number of the strain is CCTCC M2018520.
Bacillus subtilis from Wuhanrong Brilliant Biotech Ltd.
The Trichoderma harzianum strain and the Bacillus subtilis strain are saline-alkali resistant strains.
The EM bacterial liquid is from Shandong Green Bio-technology Co.
LB culture medium: 10g/L tryptone, 5g/L yeast extract, 10g/L sodium chloride, pH 7.4.
The methods described in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 40g of honey, 2g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate and 2g of soybean meal into each 1L of LB culture medium, and uniformly mixing to obtain a culture solution.
Inoculating the bacillus subtilis into the culture solution with the inoculation amount of 7% by volume, and culturing at 30 ℃ for 8h to obtain the fermentation solution of the bacillus subtilis.
Inoculating Trichoderma harzianum to the culture solution at an inoculation amount of 7% by volume, and culturing at 30 ℃ for 8h to obtain a fermentation solution of Trichoderma harzianum.
(2) And (2) mixing the fermentation liquor of bacillus subtilis and the fermentation liquor of trichoderma harzianum according to the mass ratio of 1:0.52, and evenly mixing to obtain the microbial fermentation liquor.
(3) Grinding the activated carbon into powder, and mixing the powder in a mass ratio of 1:12, adding the mixture into a 7 mass percent of honey-sterile aqueous solution, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, sterilizing at the high temperature of 121 ℃ for 15s, and then inoculating the microbial fermentation liquor obtained in the step (2), wherein the mass ratio of the activated carbon powder to the mixed microbial fermentation liquor is 1: and 180, stirring and mixing to load the microorganisms on the surface of the activated carbon to obtain the biological activated carbon suspension.
(4) Soaking corn straws and wheat straws in water for 24 hours, draining surface water, crushing the straws into small sections of 1-3 cm, mixing the crushed straws, adding mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure, stirring and mixing, keeping the humidity of the fermentation raw materials at 65%, inoculating EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial liquid which is 10% of the total mass of the fermentation raw materials, uniformly mixing and stirring, covering a film with holes, and performing decomposition fermentation to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
(5) And (3) mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer and the biological activated carbon suspension obtained in the third step in a mass ratio of 1:8, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the microbial organic fertilizer.
Example 2
The preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 45g of honey, 3g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate and 5g of soybean meal into each 1L of LB culture medium, and uniformly mixing to obtain a culture solution.
Inoculating the bacillus subtilis into the culture solution with the inoculation amount of 8% by volume, and culturing at 35 ℃ for 12h to obtain the fermentation solution of the bacillus subtilis.
Inoculating Trichoderma harzianum to the culture solution at an inoculation amount of 8% by volume, and culturing at 35 deg.C for 12h to obtain Trichoderma harzianum fermentation solution.
(2) And (2) mixing the fermentation liquor of bacillus subtilis and the fermentation liquor of trichoderma harzianum according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5 to 0.6 to obtain the microbial fermentation liquor.
(3) Grinding the activated carbon into powder, and mixing the powder in a mass ratio of 1:15, adding the mixture into a honey-sterile aqueous solution with the mass percentage of 8%, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, sterilizing at the high temperature of 121 ℃ for 15s, and then inoculating the microbial fermentation liquor obtained in the step (2), wherein the mass ratio of the activated carbon powder to the mixed microbial fermentation liquor is 1:200, stirring and mixing to load the microorganisms on the surface of the activated carbon to obtain the biological activated carbon suspension.
(4) Soaking corn straws and wheat straws in water for 24 hours, draining surface water, crushing the straws into small sections of 1-3 cm, mixing the crushed straws, adding mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure, stirring and mixing, keeping the humidity of the fermentation raw materials at 65%, inoculating EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial liquid which is 15% of the total mass of the fermentation raw materials, uniformly mixing and stirring, covering a film with holes, and performing decomposition fermentation to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
(5) And (3) mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer and the biological activated carbon suspension obtained in the third step in a mass ratio of 1:10 stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the microbial organic fertilizer.
Example 3
The preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 25g of honey, 1g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.1g of magnesium sulfate and 1g of soybean meal into each 1L of LB culture medium, and uniformly mixing to obtain a culture solution.
Inoculating the bacillus subtilis into the culture solution with the inoculation amount of 3% by volume, and culturing at 28 ℃ for 6h to obtain the fermentation solution of the bacillus subtilis.
Inoculating Trichoderma harzianum to the culture solution at an inoculation amount of 3% by volume, and culturing at 28 deg.C for 6h to obtain fermentation liquor of Trichoderma harzianum.
(2) And (2) mixing the fermentation liquor of bacillus subtilis and the fermentation liquor of trichoderma harzianum according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5 to 0.6, and obtaining the microbial fermentation liquor.
(3) Grinding the activated carbon into powder, and mixing the powder in a mass ratio of 1:10, adding the mixture into 5 mass percent of a honey-sterile aqueous solution, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, sterilizing at the high temperature of 121 ℃ for 15s, and then inoculating the microbial fermentation liquor obtained in the step (2), wherein the mass ratio of the activated carbon powder to the mixed microbial fermentation liquor is 1:100, stirring and mixing to load the microorganisms on the surface of the activated carbon to obtain a biological activated carbon suspension.
(4) Soaking corn straws and wheat straws in water for 24 hours, draining surface water, crushing the straws into small sections of 1-3 cm, mixing the crushed straws, adding mushroom residues and livestock and poultry manure, stirring and mixing, keeping the humidity of the fermentation raw materials at 65%, inoculating EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial liquid which is 5% of the total mass of the fermentation raw materials, uniformly mixing and stirring, covering a film with holes, and performing decomposition fermentation to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
(5) And (3) mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer and the biological activated carbon suspension obtained in the third step in a mass ratio of 1:5, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the microbial organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is not added into a culture solution; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Adding 40g of honey, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate and 2g of soybean meal powder into each 1L of LB culture medium, and uniformly mixing to obtain a culture solution.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that excessive dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is added into a culture solution; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Adding 40g of honey, 20g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate and 2g of soybean meal into each 1L of LB culture medium, and uniformly mixing to obtain a culture solution.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the fermentation liquor of the trichoderma harzianum in the step (2) is replaced by the same amount of sterile water; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) 40g of honey, 2g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate and 2g of soybean meal are added into each 1L of LB culture medium and are uniformly mixed to obtain a culture solution.
Inoculating the bacillus subtilis into the culture solution with the inoculation amount of 7% by volume, and culturing for 8 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain the fermentation liquor of the bacillus subtilis.
(2) Mixing fermentation liquor of bacillus subtilis and sterile water in a mass ratio of 1:0.52, and obtaining the microbial fermentation liquor.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the fermentation liquor of the bacillus subtilis in the step (2) is replaced by the same amount of sterile water; the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) 40g of honey, 2g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate and 2g of soybean meal are added into each 1L of LB culture medium and are uniformly mixed to obtain a culture solution.
Inoculating Trichoderma harzianum to the culture solution at an inoculation amount of 7% by volume, and culturing at 30 ℃ for 8h to obtain a fermentation solution of Trichoderma harzianum.
(2) And (2) mixing the fermentation liquor of trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1:0.52, and obtaining the microbial fermentation liquor.
Comparative example 5
The preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil is basically the same as the method in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that no honey is added in the step (3); the method comprises the following specific steps:
(3) Grinding the activated carbon into powder, and mixing the powder in a mass ratio of 1:12, adding the mixture into a sterile aqueous solution, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, sterilizing the mixture for 15s at the high temperature of 121 ℃, and then inoculating the microbial fermentation liquor obtained in the step (2), wherein the mass ratio of the activated carbon powder to the mixed microbial fermentation liquor is 1: and 180, stirring and mixing to load the microorganisms on the surface of the activated carbon to obtain the biological activated carbon suspension.
Since the microbial organic fertilizer obtained by the methods of examples 1 to 3 has substantially the same effect, only the effect of the microbial organic fertilizer obtained by the method of example 1 will be specifically described below.
The microbial organic fertilizer of the example 1 and the comparative examples 1 to 5 is used for planting corn, the pH value of the test soil is 7.8 to 8.1, and the salt content is 0.15 to 0.2 percent. The physicochemical properties of the test soil are shown in table 1 below. The test soil is averagely divided into 7 parts, and the corn is planted by a conventional method by taking the EM bacterial manure purchased from the conventional market as a control group. The results of comparison of the corn yields of the test soil before and after planting are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 comparison of physicochemical properties of test soil before and after planting
TABLE 2 comparison of corn yields of test soil before and after planting
As can be seen from the results in tables 1 and 2, compared with comparative examples 1 to 5 and a control group, the microbial organic fertilizer prepared in example 1 of the present invention can significantly increase the organic matter content and NPK content of saline-alkali soil, thereby demonstrating that the microbial organic fertilizer of example 1 of the present invention can promote the decomposition and transformation of organic matters and promote the growth of crops.
In comparative example 1, since the culture solution for culturing microorganisms cannot be brought into a desired alkaline environment without adding dipotassium phosphate, it is impossible to select and culture a microorganism strain which is tolerant to a salinity stress environment. The comparative example 2 shows that the proper amount of dipotassium phosphate can help to screen and cultivate the microbial strains tolerant to salinity stress environment, promote the growth of the strains and further achieve the effect of improving the physicochemical properties of the saline-alkali soil.
Compared with the comparative examples 3-4, the embodiment 1 shows that the microbial organic fertilizer prepared from the microbial fermentation liquid formed by mixing the trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus subtilis can obviously promote the decomposition of organic matters, effectively improve the physicochemical property of saline-alkali soil and promote the growth of saline-alkali soil crops.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 5, it is demonstrated that honey can also significantly promote the decomposition of organic substances and the increase of NPK content, mainly because the mixing of the honey aqueous solution and the activated carbon powder can form a honey layer on the surface of the activated carbon powder, which helps to promote the attachment of microorganisms, and the honey is used as the nutrient of the microorganisms to improve the activity of the microorganisms. After the prepared microbial organic fertilizer is applied to soil, the microbial flora of crop roots can be improved, the diversity of microbes in saline-alkali soil can be improved, and the aims of improving soil fertility and promoting crop growth can be further fulfilled.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a microbial organic fertilizer for improving a soil plough layer structure of saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
respectively inoculating bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum into a culture solution for culture to obtain fermentation liquor of corresponding strains;
step two, uniformly mixing fermentation liquor of the two strains in the step one to obtain microbial fermentation liquor;
grinding the activated carbon into powder, adding the powder into a honey-water solution, uniformly dispersing by using ultrasonic waves, inoculating the microbial fermentation liquor obtained in the step two, stirring and mixing to enable the microorganisms to be loaded on the surface of the activated carbon, and obtaining the biological activated carbon;
and step four, uniformly stirring and mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer and the biological activated carbon obtained in the step three to obtain the microbial organic fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the culture solution is prepared by mixing LB culture medium, honey, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and soybean meal powder; wherein, each 1L of LB culture medium is added with 25 to 45g of honey, 1 to 3g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.5g of magnesium sulfate and 1 to 5g of soybean meal.
3. The preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis and the trichoderma harzianum is 3-8% by volume.
4. The method for preparing the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the culture conditions are as follows: the culture temperature is 28-35 ℃; the culture time is 6-12 h.
5. The method for preparing the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the viable bacteria concentration of the fermentation liquor of the two strains is more than or equal to 10 8 CFU/g。
6. The method for preparing the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor of the bacillus subtilis to the fermentation liquor of the trichoderma harzianum is 1:0.5 to 0.6.
7. The method for preparing the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the mass of the molasses accounts for 5-8% of the total mass of the molasses-water solution of the molasses.
8. The preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the mass ratio of the activated carbon powder to the honey-water solution is 1:10 to 15.
9. The preparation method of the microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the mass ratio of the activated carbon powder to the mixed microbial fermentation liquid is 1:100 to 200.
10. The microbial organic fertilizer for improving the soil plough layer structure of the saline-alkali soil, which is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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