CN114605193A - Preparation method and application of composite liquid silicon fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of composite liquid silicon fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114605193A CN114605193A CN202210293125.2A CN202210293125A CN114605193A CN 114605193 A CN114605193 A CN 114605193A CN 202210293125 A CN202210293125 A CN 202210293125A CN 114605193 A CN114605193 A CN 114605193A
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- diatomite
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HVCOBJNICQPDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxydecanoyloxy]decanoic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC1C(OC(CC(=O)OC(CCCCCCC)CC(O)=O)CCCCCCC)OC(C)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 HVCOBJNICQPDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930186217 Glycolipid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002230 Pectic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020489 SiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000003763 chloroplast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012767 functional filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 monosilicic acid compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LCLHHZYHLXDRQG-ZNKJPWOQSA-N pectic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H]1OC1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O2)C(O)=O)O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 LCLHHZYHLXDRQG-ZNKJPWOQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010318 polygalacturonic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a composite liquid silicon fertilizer. The composite liquid silicon fertilizer comprises: 40 wt% of diatomite treatment liquid, 30 wt% of diatomite liquid and 30 wt% of organic liquid fertilizer. The composite liquid silicon fertilizer designed by the invention exerts the effect which cannot be achieved by simply using the diatomite to manufacture the silicon fertilizer. By adopting the active diatom composition, the problem that the original active sites such as hydroxyl and the like on the surface of the diatomite and the unique biological micropore performance are gradually reduced along with the deposition age is solved, a symbiotic small ecological system can be formed with crops such as rice and the like, and ecological sustainable development is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a composite liquid silicon fertilizer.
Background
A large number of research results show that silicon is an indispensable element for normal growth and development of crops such as rice, wheat, corn, soybean, peanut and the like. Is a fourth element needed by plants after nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the silicon plays an important role in the yield, quality and safety of crops. The silicon can increase the surface area and chloroplast content of the plant, thereby promoting the photosynthesis phosphorylation, inhibiting the transpiration in the plant body, relieving the wilting caused by excessive water loss under the strong light, improving the drought resistance and water retention capacity of the plant, improving the water utilization rate, enhancing the enzyme activity of an antioxidant system of the plant, and further improving the yield of the plant; secondly, silicon is used as an important component of plant cell walls, has higher affinity with pectic acid, polyuronic acid, glycolipid and other substances in the plant body, can form a monosilicic acid compound and a bisilicic acid compound with strong stability and low solubility, and can be deposited in lignified cell walls, so that the mechanical strength and stability of tissues are enhanced, the invasion of plant diseases and insect pests is resisted, the cell walls of the stems are thickened, the vascular bundles are thickened, the lodging resistance is enhanced, the yield of crops is effectively improved, and the quality is improved; moreover, researches show that the application of the calcium silicon fertilizer can effectively reduce the absorption of cadmium and lead in the soil by the rice, effectively reduce the toxic action of some heavy metals in the soil and reduce the toxicity to the rice. Therefore, the increased application of silicon fertilizer has become an important technology for agricultural production.
Silicon fertilizers for supplementing silicon for plants are available on the market, and the silicon fertilizers on the market mainly comprise slag silicon fertilizers and high-efficiency silicon fertilizers (prepared by taking quartz sand powder as a raw material and sodium carbonate or sodium carbonate through high-temperature melting processing). Currently, there have been few attempts to produce silicon fertilizer using diatomaceous earth. Diatomaceous earth is a biogenetic silicalite composed of siliceous remains of diatoms and other microorganisms, and has sio as main component2Is an important non-metal mineral resource in China. Diatomite has excellent properties of light weight, large porosity, large specific surface area, strong adsorbability, good thermal stability, high melting point, corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely used as a filter aid, a functional filler, a catalyst carrier, a drug carrier, an adsorbent, a heat preservation and insulation material and the like. Diatomaceous earth is also widely used in agriculture in various fields based on its excellent properties and the like. For example, it is used as a natural adsorbent for fixing the migration of pollutants, especially heavy metal ions and the like in soil and preventing the pollutants from entering crop seeds; as an insecticide, for killing part of pests; the soil additive can improve the fertilizer and water retention of soil. However, there are some problems with the diatomite-based silicon fertilizer: firstly, the purity of the diatomite is not high, the natural diatomite quality in China is generally low, the mass content of SiO2 is about 60-70%, and purification can be carried out; secondly, the main active ingredient of the diatomite is diatomite, and through long-term geological processes for thousands of years, the original active sites such as hydroxyl and the like on the surface of the diatomite and the unique active sitesThe microporosity of the diatomite gradually disappears, and the whole structure is converted from complete amorphous to weak crystallization, so that the surface active site, the pore volume/specific surface area and the like of the diatomite are reduced, the characteristics of adsorption, loading and the like of the diatomite are greatly inhibited, and the effects of the diatomite on the growth of rice crops, the soil restoration and protection and the like cannot be fully exerted. Therefore, the common diatomite modification method for preparing the silicon fertilizer is high in cost and complex in operation or generates great harm to the environment.
In conclusion, most of silicon fertilizers on the market are used for supplementing plant silicon elements, the effect is single, the fertilizing steps of farmers become more complicated and complicated on the original basis, and the efficiency is reduced; secondly, the original active sites such as hydroxyl and the like on the surface of the kieselguhr in the silicon fertilizer manufactured by the kieselguhr at present and the unique microporosity of the organisms gradually disappear, so that the surface active sites, the pore volume/specific surface area and the like are reduced, the characteristics of adsorption, loading and the like of the kieselguhr are greatly inhibited, and the cost of the method for modifying the kieselguhr is high.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention firstly proposes to utilize living diatom to improve the influence caused by the reduction of surface active sites and pore volume/specific surface area of the kieselguhr, thereby enhancing the adsorption and loading characteristics of the kieselguhr. On the basis, a plurality of organic fertilizers can be loaded to combine a simple, convenient and efficient compound diatomite-based liquid silicon fertilizer, so that the growth of crops and the fertility restoration of soil are further promoted. The invention of the liquid silicon fertilizer using the active diatom compound kieselguhr is not reported.
The invention provides a preparation method of a composite liquid silicon fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a diatomite treatment solution: calcining the diatomite, grinding the diatomite to ensure that the particle size of the diatomite is 150-300 meshes, soaking the diatomite by using an alkali solution to form a suspension, carrying out solid-liquid separation after 12-24 hours of reaction to obtain a separation solution, adding EDTA into the separation solution, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8-10 to obtain a diatomite treatment solution;
wherein the volume ratio of the mass of the diatomite to the alkali liquor and the EDTA is 1 g: 10 ml: 1 ml;
the molar weight of the alkali is based on the molar weight of hydroxide radical;
B. preparing diatom liquid:
preparing nutrient solution for culturing diatom by using 9 parts by mass of potassium silicate, 2 parts by mass of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 89 parts by mass of seawater according to a proportion, then inoculating diatom thallus and enabling the thallus to propagate in an exponential growth phase to obtain diatom bacteria liquid;
C. preparing an organic liquid fertilizer:
controlling the temperature to be about 65 ℃, and mixing natural organic matters such as animal wastes and the like with water according to the mass ratio of 1:2, adding an organic fertilizer starter (the mass is 0.2 percent of the mass of the organic matters), uniformly mixing, fermenting for 10-15 days, and diluting the fermentation liquor by 30-50 times to obtain the organic liquid fertilizer.
D. And finally, mixing the three solutions obtained in the step A, B, C according to the proportion of 40 wt% of the diatomite treatment solution, 30 wt% of the diatomite liquid and 30 wt% of the organic liquid fertilizer to form the composite liquid silicon fertilizer.
The invention provides a second aspect of the invention provides the use of the compound liquid silicon fertilizer of the first aspect for improving crop yield and adsorbing heavy metals in soil.
The technical scheme can be freely combined on the premise of no contradiction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the composite liquid silicon fertilizer designed by the invention exerts the effect which can not be achieved by simply using the diatomite to manufacture the silicon fertilizer. Specifically, the invention has the creativity that: (1) the defects of the diatomite are made up by introducing the living diatom, and the problems that the original active sites such as hydroxyl on the surface of the diatomite, and the like, and the unique biological micropore performance are gradually reduced along with the deposition age are solved. The diatom opal surface of living diatom contains rich active groups and high reaction activity, and the surface of the diatom opal surface is not attached by other minerals such as quartz, so that the active sites are kept intact, the pore structure is not blocked, and the specific surface area is high. Therefore, the introduction of the living diatom can improve the adsorption and loading properties of the silicon fertilizer. (2) And can also form a symbiotic small ecological system with crops such as rice and the like, thereby promoting ecological sustainable development. The solubility of the diatom opal of live diatoms is extremely high. After the diatom dies, the diatom opal is very easy to dissolve in water, and the diatom opal can be applied to the manufacture of foliar fertilizer. When the fertilizer is applied along with water, the living diatom enters the rice field and can be cultivated with crops such as rice to form a diatom-rice co-cultivation system. The two are mutually influenced and cooperatively coexist, which is beneficial to the development of ecological sustainability.
2. The experimental result of the invention shows that the composite liquid silicon fertilizer has obviously better effects on increasing the yield of rice, resisting lodging and insect pests, weakening soil degradation, reducing heavy metal pollution risk, increasing soil fertility and the like than the silicon fertilizer prepared by only using diatomite.
3. The invention provides a new idea and a new method for preparing the silicon fertilizer by using the diatomite, and the diatomite is not a complicated and polluting diatomite modification method alone, and strives to promote the development and progress of agriculture in a more environment-friendly mode.
4. The liquid silicon fertilizer can be used as a foliar fertilizer and can also be used as a fertilizer along with water, and the application range is wider than that of the traditional solid granular fertilizer. Secondly, the composite liquid silicon fertilizer is compounded with the organic liquid fertilizer, not only provides silicon element for crops, but also provides organic nutrients for the crops by utilizing the load characteristic, thereby being beneficial to reducing the fertilizing frequency of farmers, improving the working efficiency and promoting the development of novel agriculture.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited to these examples. The experimental methods not specified in the examples are generally commercially available according to the conventional conditions and the conditions described in the manual, or according to the general-purpose equipment, materials, reagents and the like used under the conditions recommended by the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified. The starting materials required in the following examples and comparative examples are all commercially available.
Example 1
A preparation method of a composite liquid silicon fertilizer comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a diatomite treatment solution:
calcining 100kg of diatomite at the high temperature of 600-300 ℃, grinding the diatomite to ensure that the particle size is about 150-300 meshes, soaking the diatomite with 1000 liters of strong base solution (0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide) to form suspension, keeping the suspension for 12-24h (12 h in the embodiment) to ensure that the diatomite and the strong base solution fully react, then carrying out solid-liquid separation and taking out separation liquid (the component of the separation liquid is soluble silicate SiO3 2-) 100 liters of EDTA (1 mol/L in concentration) was added, and an acidic solution (0.1mol/L in this example) was added to adjust the pH of the separated liquid to 8 to 10.
B. Preparing diatom liquid:
preparing nutrient solution for culturing diatom by using raw materials of 9% of potassium silicate, 2% of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 89% of seawater according to a proportion, then inoculating diatom thallus, keeping sufficient illumination at 25-30 ℃, and culturing for 2-4 days to enable the diatom thallus to propagate in an exponential growth phase.
The composition of the seawater is as follows: a large amount of a macroelement such as Na+，K+，Ca2+，Mg+，Si4+,Cl-，SO4 2+,
Br-，HCO3 -Etc.; gas components dissolved in seawater such as oxygen, nitrogen, and inert gas; nutrient elements associated with marine plant growth; organic substances in seawater such as amino acids, humus, chlorophyll, etc.
C. Preparing an organic liquid fertilizer:
controlling the temperature to be about 65 ℃, and fermenting by using natural organic matters such as cow dung and the like to obtain the organic liquid fertilizer, wherein the method comprises the following specific operations: 100kg of cow dung is taken and then mixed with water, and the mass ratio of the cow dung to the water is 1: 2. Then 200g of organic fertilizer starter is added, the mixture is uniformly mixed and fermented for 10 to 15 days (10 days in the embodiment), and the fermentation liquor is diluted by 30 times to obtain the organic liquid fertilizer.
And finally, mixing the three solutions obtained in the step A, B, C according to the proportion of 40 wt% of the diatomite treatment solution, 30 wt% of the diatomite liquid and 30 wt% of the organic liquid fertilizer to form the novel liquid compound silicon fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The liquid compound silicon fertilizer is prepared according to the method of the example 1, and the difference is only that the original diatom nutrient solution is used for replacing the diatom liquid, namely, the diatom thallus is not inoculated in the nutrient solution of the diatom.
Application example 1
The composite liquid silicon fertilizer prepared in the example 1 and the comparative example 1 is compared with the diatomite-based silicon fertilizer purchased in the market for actual rice planting effect, and the results of comparison of the rice yield increase and soil heavy metal adsorption are shown in the following table:
table 1: rice yield increasing effect comparison table
As can be seen from table 1 above:
1. the composite liquid silicon fertilizer of the embodiment 1 of the invention only uses half of the amount of the diatomite-based silicon fertilizer on the market, and the rice yield is increased by 16.4 percent which is far higher than 5.2 percent of the rice yield increased by the diatomite-based silicon fertilizer on the market. Therefore, the composite liquid silicon fertilizer has strong advantages on increasing the yield of rice.
2. Compared with the comparative example 1, the yield of the rice of the composite liquid silicon fertilizer in the example 1 is increased by 6.3 wt%, which shows that the living diatom thallus has rich active groups and high reaction activity, and can compensate the influence that the original active sites such as hydroxyl on the surface of the kieselguhr and the unique biological micropore performance gradually decrease along with the deposition years. Improving the loading and adsorption characteristics and promoting the yield increase of the rice.
Table 2: soil heavy metal effect comparison table
As can be seen from table 2:
1. after the composite liquid silicon fertilizer of the embodiment 1 is applied, the contents of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, aluminum, arsenic and the like in the soil are all lower than those of the commercial diatomite-based silicon fertilizer, and the adsorption capacity of the composite liquid silicon fertilizer on the heavy metals in the soil is obviously higher than that of the commercial diatomite-based silicon fertilizer.
2. Compared with the comparative example 1, the soil heavy metal adsorption effect of the composite liquid silicon fertilizer in the example 1 is more obvious, which shows that after the active diatom is introduced, the adsorption performance of the diatomite can be obviously enhanced.
Claims (2)
1. The preparation method of the composite liquid silicon fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. preparing a diatomite treatment solution: calcining the diatomite, grinding the diatomite to ensure that the particle size of the diatomite is 150-300 meshes, soaking the diatomite by using an alkali solution to form a suspension, carrying out solid-liquid separation after 12-24 hours of reaction to obtain a separation solution, adding EDTA into the separation solution, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8-10 to obtain a diatomite treatment solution;
wherein the volume ratio of the mass of the diatomite to the alkali liquor and the EDTA is 1 g: 10 ml: 1 ml;
the molar weight of the alkali is based on the molar weight of hydroxide radical;
B. preparing diatom liquid:
preparing nutrient solution for culturing diatom by using 9 parts by mass of potassium silicate, 2 parts by mass of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 89 parts by mass of seawater according to a proportion, then inoculating diatom thallus and enabling the thallus to propagate in an exponential growth phase to obtain diatom bacteria liquid;
C. preparing an organic liquid fertilizer:
controlling the temperature to be about 65 ℃, and mixing organic matters and water according to the mass ratio of 1:2, mixing, adding an organic fertilizer starter, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 10-15 days, and diluting the fermentation liquor by 30-50 times to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer;
the mass of the organic fertilizer starter is 0.2% of that of the organic matters.
D. And finally, mixing the three solutions obtained in the step A, B, C according to the proportion of 40 wt% of the diatomite treatment solution, 30 wt% of the diatomite liquid and 30 wt% of the organic liquid fertilizer to form the composite liquid silicon fertilizer.
2. Use of the compound liquid silicon fertilizer according to claim 1 for improving crop yield and adsorbing heavy metals in soil.
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