CN111792957A - Composite synergist for water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite synergist for water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111792957A CN111792957A CN202010505329.9A CN202010505329A CN111792957A CN 111792957 A CN111792957 A CN 111792957A CN 202010505329 A CN202010505329 A CN 202010505329A CN 111792957 A CN111792957 A CN 111792957A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite synergist for a water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively adding bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma viride into nutrient solution containing molasses and peptone, shaking uniformly, and culturing to obtain microbial solution; dissolving attapulgite in a potassium humate solution, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution of the attapulgite and the potassium humate; and mixing the microbial solution, the attapulgite and the potassium humate mixed solution, shearing, and standing to obtain the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer. The composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer is compatible with the solid water-soluble fertilizer according to a certain proportion, and is diluted and then applied with water or drip-irrigated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production and application, in particular to a composite synergist for a water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The water soluble fertilizer is liquid or solid fertilizer which is dissolved or diluted by water and used for irrigation fertilization, foliar fertilization, soilless culture, seed soaking and root dipping and the like. The water soluble fertilizer can flexibly prepare the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and medium trace elements according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of plants, has comprehensive nutrients, and can be applied by spraying, drip irrigation and other modes. Not only improves the resource utilization rate, but also reduces the waste of water and fertilizer resources. But the water soluble fertilizer has the defects of short fertilizer effect period and strict control of fertilizer consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the related art, the invention provides a composite synergist for a water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which can overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a preparation method of a composite synergist for a water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively adding bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma viride into nutrient solution containing molasses and peptone, wherein the mass fractions of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the trichoderma viride are all 0.2%, the mass fraction of the molasses is 5%, and the mass fraction of the peptone is 1%, and culturing after shaking up to obtain microbial solution;
(2) adsorbing and coupling attapulgite and humic acid, weighing a proper amount of potassium humate, dissolving the potassium humate in water to prepare a potassium humate solution, wherein the mass fraction of the potassium humate is 0.625-5%, dissolving the attapulgite in the potassium humate solution, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution of the attapulgite and the potassium humate, wherein the mass fraction of the attapulgite is 1-3%;
(3) and (3) mixing the microbial liquid obtained in the step (1) and the mixed solution of the attapulgite and the potassium humate obtained in the step (2) in a volume ratio of 1:1, shearing, and standing to obtain the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer.
Preferably, the culture time of the microbial liquid in step (1) is 72 hours, and the stirring is performed 1 time every 1 hour during the culture, and each stirring time is 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the potassium humate in the potassium humate solution in the step (2) is 5%, and the mass fraction of the attapulgite in the mixed solution of the attapulgite and the potassium humate is 2%.
Preferably, the pH value of the mixed solution of the attapulgite and the potassium humate is 8.
Preferably, the pH of the microbial solution is 3.88.
According to another aspect of the invention, the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by the preparation method is provided.
Attapulgite, also known as Attapulgite (Attapulgite), is a natural non-metallic clay mineral. It has a structural formula of Mg5Si8O20(OH)2(OH2)4·4H2O, mainly composed of 56.96% SiO223.83% of MgO and 19.21% of H2O, the specific gravity is 2.05-2.32, the pH is 8.5 +/-1, and the O is a water-containing chain layered magnesium-rich aluminosilicate mineral and has a 2:1 layered structure. The attapulgite crystal is rod-shaped and fibrous, is rich in nano-scale hole channels, the cross section of the pore channel is about 0.38nm multiplied by 0.63nm, and most of cations, water molecules and organic molecules with certain sizes can be directly adsorbed into the pore channel.
The attapulgite has good cation exchangeability and adsorbability, and the specific surface area reaches 500m2(ii) in terms of/g. The attapulgite can adsorb effective components such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the early stage of fertilization, and when the concentration of the effective components in the soil is reduced in the later stage, the effective components such as nitrogen and phosphorus are separated, so that the slow release effect is achieved, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved. Therefore, after the fertilizer is applied to soil, the soil fertility can be improved, and the crop yield can be increased.
Attapulgite is also rich in trace elements required for plant growth, such as silicon, magnesium, iron, potassium, calcium and manganese. The attapulgite has good water-retaining property which can reach more than 150 percent, can resist drought and reduce the water consumption for farmland irrigation.
Humic acid is a macromolecular organic substance rich in organic matters and active oxygen-containing functional groups such as-OH, -COOH and the like, is a hydrophilic colloid and plays a role in adsorption and bonding in soil, and potassium humate is a macromolecular heterogeneous aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid salt. The active group of humic acid can be chelated with iron and aluminum, so that phosphorus fixation caused by the formation of iron phosphate is reduced, and the in-season utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is improved. Humic acid can erode potassium-containing mineral substance and release K+And the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil is improved.
Humic acid is covalently or hydrogen bonded with nitrogen-containing organic matters, is an ideal ammonia stabilizer and plays a role in controlling nitrogen and slowly releasing. Potassium humate and attapulgite can reduce the leaching loss of nitrogen through adsorption and complexation, enhance the mobility of elements such as phosphorus and potassium in soil, improve the utilization efficiency of the elements, have better improvement effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, keep the loose state of the soil, improve the porosity of the soil, do not damage the granular structure of the soil, keep good ventilation performance and be beneficial to the growth and development of crop roots.
The compound microbial flora comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma viride, trichoderma harzianum and the like. The salt tolerance of the strain is high through screening and domesticating, and the strain can survive in high-concentration bacterial liquid.
The bacillus subtilis not only can fix nitrogen, but also can secrete substances similar to cytokinin and plant growth hormone, promote plant growth, resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria and increase the stress resistance of crops. Bacillus licheniformis can secrete amylase, protease, phytase, mannase, chitinase, acetate-lactic dehydrogenase and other enzymes, and can antagonize pathogenic microorganisms and kill harmful bacteria. Trichoderma viride and Harzilla raspberry can generate various antibiotic substances and lytic enzymes, and are widely used for preventing and treating various plant diseases caused by fungi, including soil-borne diseases such as rhizoctonia solani, fusarium and the like, damping off and the like. The composite microbial flora is simply propagated by adding molasses and peptone, so that the investment cost of the microbial inoculum is greatly reduced.
The compound microorganism and the soluble mineral material are coupled to prepare the synergist of the chemical fertilizer, and the synergist is applied along with water, so that the fertilizer application amount can be reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the root growth can be promoted, the crop yield is increased, cost accounting is performed from the input and output of farmers, and the synergist has economic benefit compared with the single application of water soluble fertilizers.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the preparation method of the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages that the composite microbial flora is propagated by shaking culture of molasses and peptone, the method is simple and easy to implement, the microbial content in unit volume can be rapidly increased, the cost investment is reduced, and the accumulation of secondary metabolites can be increased;
(2) according to the preparation method of the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer, the attapulgite and the potassium humate are screened according to the adsorption proportion, when the concentration of the potassium humate is 5%, the adsorption coupling effect with 2% of the attapulgite is the best, the liquidity of the mixed solution is good, and no precipitate exists;
(3) after the composite microbial flora is rapidly propagated, the pH value is reduced to 4, the pH value of the 2% attapulgite/5% potassium humate mixed solution is about 8, the bacteria solution is colonized on the 2% attapulgite/5% potassium humate mixed solution, the pH value of the mixed solution can be naturally adjusted to 5.65, the composite microbial flora is very suitable for the survival of microorganisms, and the mixed solution can be further dissociated into an ionic state after being sheared at a high speed, so that the absorption of a root system is facilitated;
(4) the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer is added into the water-soluble fertilizer, and further adsorbs and complexes a large amount of chemical elements, secondary metabolites and small molecular compounds can be directly absorbed and utilized by root systems, the root systems are developed and robust, humic acid colloid and attapulgite nanopores in the mixed liquid can adsorb redundant nutrient elements and slowly release the nutrient elements, the fertilizer effect is more durable, the loss of the fertilizer on the ground surface is reduced, the fertilizer consumption is reduced, and the synergistic effect is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of preparation of the composite synergist for water-soluble fertilizer according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Propagation of microorganisms
Respectively adding bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma viride into a nutrient solution containing molasses and peptone, wherein the mass fractions of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the trichoderma viride are all 0.2%, the mass fraction of the molasses is 5%, the mass fraction of the peptone is 1%, shaking up, and the initial pH value is 5.68. Stirring for 5-10 min every 1 hr, and standing for culture. As shown in Table 1, the color of the mixed solution was found to be lighter than that of the first molasses after 24 hours of cultivation; after 48 hours of culture, the color of the mixed solution gradually turns yellow and is turbid, a large number of bubbles in the liquid emerge outwards, and the pH value is reduced to a certain extent, which indicates that the microorganism is rapidly propagated and fermented, and produces gas and acid; after 72 hours of culture, the bubbles gradually disappear, the pH value tends to be stable, which indicates that the liquid fermentation is basically finished, and the microbial liquid is obtained.
TABLE 1 change of culture solution during culture
Example 2
Attapulgite and humic acid adsorption coupling
100g of potassium humate is weighed and dissolved in 1000mL of water to prepare 1000mL of 10% potassium humate solution. Then, the resulting mixture was diluted to contents (mass fractions) of 5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.625%, and 0%, respectively, according to the sesquidilution method, and the EC value and the pH value were measured. And then, respectively dissolving attapulgite with different masses into potassium humate aqueous solutions with different concentrations to ensure that the mass fractions of the attapulgite are respectively 0%, 1%, 2% and 3%, carrying out high-shear stirring to ensure that the attapulgite and the potassium humate are fully adsorbed and coupled, and then measuring the EC value and the pH value. The side comparison of the adsorption quantity is carried out through the conductivity, the conductivity of the potassium humate with different concentrations and the attapulgite with different concentrations after adsorption coupling subtracts the conductivity of 0 percent of the potassium humate and 0 percent of the attapulgite, namely the coupling adsorption quantity of the potassium humate and the attapulgite. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 coupling adsorption capacity of potassium humate of different concentrations and attapulgite of different concentrations
The results showed that as the potassium humate concentration and the attapulgite concentration increased, the adsorption amounts of both increased gradually, but when the potassium humate concentration increased to 10%, the adsorption amount did not increase any more even if the attapulgite concentration was increased, and a large amount of precipitate was generated. Through repeated verification and screening of the proportion of the potassium humate and the attapulgite, the fact that when the concentration of the potassium humate is 5%, the coupling adsorption capacity of the potassium humate and 2% of the attapulgite is the largest, the maximum adsorption capacity is 1306 mu s/cm, the liquidity of the mixed solution is good, no precipitate exists, and the pH value of the mixed solution of the attapulgite and the potassium humate is 8 at the moment. Although the mixed solution can also be applied to foliar fertilizer or humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, the pH value is too high, and the mixed solution is unfavorable for plant absorption.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, the microbial liquid (pH 3.88) prepared in example 1 and the 2% attapulgite/5% potassium humate mixed liquid (pH 8) prepared in example 2 were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1, shearing at a high speed, discharging a large amount of bubbles, standing, and preparing the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer after the bubbles disappear, wherein the pH value of the mixed solution (the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer) is 5.65, the pH value is naturally adjusted, and the absorption of plants is facilitated.
Example 4
In the seedling stage of leaf vegetables in a Beijing vegetable base, the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer prepared in the example 3 and the solid water-soluble fertilizer are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 20, and then diluting according to the water soluble fertilizer application ratio (the dilution multiple is more than 1000 times) to carry out drip irrigation or sprinkling irrigation. Compared with a single water flush fertilizer, the synergist can quickly promote the rooting of seedlings, the root system is white, tender and developed, the plants are strong, the leaves are dark green and glossy, the growth is quick, the seedlings can be listed in advance, and the yield is increased by nearly 10%.
Example 5
In the topdressing period of Luchuan apples in 5, 6 and 7 months, the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer prepared in example 3 is matched with a solid water-soluble fertilizer in a volume ratio of 1: 10, then diluting according to the water soluble fertilizer application ratio, and irrigating with water. By adding the synergist, each nutrient element and the synergist are adsorbed and chelated, so that the effect of the water-soluble fertilizer can be better exerted, and the fertilizer efficiency is durable. After the application, the nutrient elements can be better absorbed by the root system of the apple tree, the leaves of the apple tree are darker green than before, the fruit is uniformly expanded, the coloring is good, the fruit shape is large, the quality is improved to some extent, and the yield is increased.
Example 6
The composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 3 can also be directly and independently used and is mainly applied to plant transplantation or seedling raising and propagation. The succulent plants are inserted into the leaves, the leaves are inserted into the pots after being dried, the synergist prepared in the embodiment 3 can be directly diluted by 500 times of the solution and sprayed, the succulent plants can be promoted to grow new roots quickly, the root systems are longer and sturdy, 3-4 roots can be grown more than the conventional cultivation method, and the rooting time is 5-7 days ahead.
When the seedlings of vegetables such as tomatoes, hot peppers, eggplants and the like are transplanted, a seedling revival period of 7-10 days is usually needed in a new land, then the seedlings start to grow, and the seedlings can quickly take root in a new environment by adding 500 times of the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation, so that the seedlings are not needed to be revived or the seedling revival period is obviously shortened by 3-5 days, and the solanaceous vegetables can be promoted to appear on the market in advance.
In a seed culture dish germination experiment, 1000 times of the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed, and by taking a Chinese cabbage seed as an example, when the seed sprouts on the 3 rd day, the root system of the seedling applied with the synergist is closely covered with white villi, when the seedling sprouts on the 6 th day, the overground part and the root length of the seedling are both increased, the overground part of the seedling is increased by 34.7% than CK, the root length is increased by 33.3% than CK, and the effects of promoting the seedling to sprout and growing the root are obvious.
In conclusion, by means of the technical scheme, the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer and the solid water-soluble fertilizer are compatible according to a certain proportion, and are diluted and applied with water or drip-irrigated, so that compared with a single water-soluble fertilizer, the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer has the advantages of more developed and robust plant roots, dark green leaves, enhanced plant stress resistance, improved fertilizer utilization rate and obvious yield increasing effect.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a composite synergist for a water-soluble fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively adding bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma viride into nutrient solution containing molasses and peptone, wherein the mass fractions of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the trichoderma viride are all 0.2%, the mass fraction of the molasses is 5%, and the mass fraction of the peptone is 1%, and culturing after shaking up to obtain microbial solution;
(2) adsorbing and coupling attapulgite and humic acid, weighing a proper amount of potassium humate, dissolving the potassium humate in water to prepare a potassium humate solution, wherein the mass fraction of the potassium humate is 0.625-5%, dissolving the attapulgite in the potassium humate solution, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution of the attapulgite and the potassium humate, wherein the mass fraction of the attapulgite is 1-3%;
(3) and (3) mixing the microbial liquid obtained in the step (1) and the mixed solution of the attapulgite and the potassium humate obtained in the step (2) in a volume ratio of 1:1, shearing, and standing to obtain the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture time of the microbial inoculum in step (1) is 72 hours, and the stirring is performed 1 time every 1 hour during the culture process, and each stirring time is 5-10 minutes.
3. The preparation method of the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the potassium humate in the potassium humate solution of the step (2) is 5%, and the mass fraction of the attapulgite in the mixed solution of the attapulgite and the potassium humate is 2%.
4. The preparation method of the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pH value of the mixed solution of the attapulgite and the potassium humate is 8.
5. The preparation method of the composite synergist for the water-soluble fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH value of the microbial solution is 3.88.
6. The composite synergist for the water soluble fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115417418A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-02 | 甘肃中科启泰生物工程有限公司 | Microorganism modified attapulgite mineral powder and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN105198556A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-12-30 | 苏州玖沃生物科技有限公司 | Microbial fertilizer capable of improving sweetness of oranges and preparation method thereof |
| CN105439681A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | Complex environmental-friendly fertilizer synergist and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106187621A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-07 | 北京本农科技发展有限公司 | A kind of complex mineral conditioner improveing salt-soda soil, the Hetao area |
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| CN103613449A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-03-05 | 苏州仁成生物科技有限公司 | Fertilizer with high slow release fertilizer efficiency produced by secondary fermentation and preparation method thereof |
| CN105439681A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | Complex environmental-friendly fertilizer synergist and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105198556A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-12-30 | 苏州玖沃生物科技有限公司 | Microbial fertilizer capable of improving sweetness of oranges and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115417418A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-02 | 甘肃中科启泰生物工程有限公司 | Microorganism modified attapulgite mineral powder and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20201020 |