RU2368127C2 - Substrate for rooting of softwood cuttings of difficult-to-root berry and ornamental bushes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention is in the field of agriculture, particularly to nursery. Soft wood cuttings are rooted into seeding box holes using artificial substrate. The substrate consists of neutralised highbog peat coarse perlite and untreated dried stabilised sludge of municipal wastewater with keeping period of not more than 1 year. The mixture ratio is as follows: highbog peat 23-35 wt %, coarse perlite 25-35 wt %, dried stabilised sludge - 30-50 wt %.

EFFECT: invention increases rooting ability of softwood cuttings of difficult-to-reproduce bushes, their growing and establishment after outdoor transplanting and also increases unfavourable external hibernation factor resistance.

7 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to nursery, and can be used in the technology of vegetative propagation of berry and ornamental shrubs.

Known artificial substrates for rooting green cuttings of garden plants, consisting of components of plant origin (peat, moss, lignin, sawdust of coniferous and deciduous species, chopped tree bark, spent champignon substrate, all kinds of composts, freshly cut lawn grass, coconut fiber) and inert materials ( gravel, asbestos, sand, perlite, expanded clay, pumice, mineral fiber, polystyrene, zeolite (Pavlova N.Yu., Krylova I.I. Use of zeolite for container culture of gooseberries. // Fruit growing berry growing in Russia. - M .: Publishing house VSTISP, 1996.- T.3. - P.135-140; Samoshchenkov EG Sawdust and moss as components of substrates for green cuttings of plum and cherry plum. // Horticulture and viticulture. - 2000. - No. 1. - P.9-11; Skaly L.P. Substrates in the technology of green cuttings. // Reports of TSHA. - issue 278. - M .: Publishing House of the Moscow Artists Academy. 440-443; Shabaev NE The use of lignin and a bioorganic concentrate to obtain sea buckthorn planting material: materials of scientific. Conf. 85th birthday of I.I. Sinyagin. - Novosibirsk, 1996.- S.60-62; Blaabjerg J. Information on the latest results of growing on grodan. Acta hortic. Wageningen, 1984. - Vol. 150. - P.589-592; Greever P.T. Quality plants start with propagation and the medium Comb.Proc./Intern.Plant Propagators Soc. - 1985; Vol. 34. - P.173-177; Marcallo F.A., De Almeida R.C., Zuffellato-Ribas K.S. Propagation of the Nerium oleander L. by the air-layering technique in different substratum. Scient.agr., 2001.- Vol.2.- No. 1/2. - P.123-125; Stoven J., Kooima H. Coconut-coir-based media versus peat-based madia for propagation of woody ornamentals - Comb.Proc./Intern. Plant Propagators Soc. - S.1., 2000; Vol. 49. - P.373-374).

The most common substrate is a mixture of lowland peat and sand in equal proportions (New technology for propagation by green cuttings: Methodological instructions / M.T. Tarasenko, B.S. Ermakov, Z.A. Prokhorova, V.V. Faustov. - M .: TSHA, 1968.- 79 s; Tarasenko MT Propagation of plants by green cuttings. - M .: Kolos, 1967.-; Shubakova N.V., Hapaeva O.V. Features of reproduction of blackcurrant with a closed root system. // Scientific and technical bulletin VIR. - 1991. - T. 207. - P.34-35; Yurkovsky IM The effectiveness of using different source material for growing seedlings with acre root system. // Hops. - 1987. - T.9. - S.7-10).

However, on such an unsterile, heavy, waterlogged substrate with a deficiency of potassium and phosphorus, an excess of iron and manganese, garden plants take root worse, especially cuttings of species and forms with a low root-forming ability and a long rooting period (Skaly L.P. Substrates in the technology of green cuttings. / / TLCA reports .-- Issue 278. - M.: Publishing House of the Moscow Artists Academy. 2006. - S.440-443).

Closest to the invention in terms of essential features is our previously developed method of propagating gooseberries in plastic seedlings in substrates containing lowland peat, perlite and dehydrated stabilized sludge from urban wastewater (OGSV) in equal proportions (Chernova S.Yu., Akimova S. V., Aladina O.N. New elements in the technology of obtaining rooted gooseberry material with an isolated root system // Reports of TSHA, 2007, p. 279, pp. 548-550) after treatment of the mother plants with retardants (peak 0.4 ml / k) (Agafonov N.V., Aladina O.N., Lesnicheva A.N. et al. Method for propagation of berry bushes, 1991, A. St. No. 1667726).

The invention is aimed at increasing the rooting of difficult to propagate species and varieties of berry and ornamental shrubs, obtaining viable rooted plants with a closed root system, improving their development, survival after transplantation in open ground and increasing resistance to adverse external factors during wintering due to favorable physicochemical, aseptic properties and high hormonal activity of substrates used for rooting.

To solve this problem, green shanks of berry and ornamental shrubs are rooted in small-volume plastic cells (d 5 cm, V - 25 cm ³ ) on an artificial substrate consisting of neutralized peat (sphagnum) peat, coarse coarse-grained perlite (M 150) and dehydrated stabilized precipitation of urban wastewater (OGSV), the shelf life of which does not exceed one year in the ratio of components of peat 25-35%, coarse perlite 25-35%, OGSV - 30-50%. Uterine plants in all cases, 2 weeks before the start of the cuttings, are treated with an aqueous solution of peak (0.4 ml / l) to enhance root formation in vegetative offspring. Cuttings are planted for rooting without treatment with growth regulators.

The substrate containing neutralized peat, coarse perlite and fresh (no more than 1 year of storage) OGSV has several advantages over the prototype:

- two weeks earlier, the formation of the root system begins, which is extremely important for crops with a long period of root formation;

- the accessory root system of the cuttings is more strongly developed, the number and mass of roots, their total length and the total adsorbing surface increase. Roots 1 and 2 of the order have a secondary structure, which positively affects the survival and stability of rooted cuttings in open ground;

- in more easily rooted crops (currant, edible honeysuckle, some types of barberry), a significant increase is formed towards the end of rooting, which, along with the powerful development of the root system, makes it possible to transfer them to a permanent place without growing in the nursery;

- in difficult to propagate species and varieties (gooseberries, ornamental forms of barberry and varieties of shrubby cinquefoil), the area of assimilation surface on cuttings is larger due to the preservation of old leaves and the presence of growth (2-10 cm), gas exchange is more intense, which is realized in an increase of 1.2- 1.4 times rooting and good development of rooted plants;

- under the conditions of the leaching regime, with a large number of rainy cloudy days, day and night temperature differences, cuttings of hard-rooted plants are better preserved, do not suffer from overmoistening and do not rot due to the absence of pathogenic microflora and optimal water-air regime in the root zone;

- rooted cuttings are characterized by higher resistance to stress conditions during overwintering than in the control (snowless period against the background of low temperatures, alternating deep winter thaws and frosts). In 2007, after prolonged thaws in December-January in the control (prototype), up to 20-25% of rooted cuttings died;

- the total yield of viable rooted material suitable for autumn transplantation into open ground increases 1.3–1.5 times, the efficiency of using expensive protected ground with fogging plants increases;

- the use of precipitation in the composition of substrates for rooting cuttings is one of the ways of utilization of OGSV.

The essential features characterizing the invention are the inclusion in an artificial substrate for rooting neutralized peat, coarse coarse-grained perlite (M 150) and dehydrated, stabilized sludge from urban wastewater (OHSW), with a shelf life not exceeding one year in the ratio of components: peat 35-25%; perlite 35-25%; OGSV 30-50%.

Causal relationships are that dehydrated and stabilized sludge from urban wastewater (OHSW), obtained by mechanical treatment and thermophilic anaerobic digestion, in which more than 30 systematic groups of microorganisms take part, are an organomineral suspension, the organic part of which consists of carbohydrates , proteins (bacterial mass), lipids, lignin, humic substances, wax, chitin, petroleum products.

Fermented, mechanically dehydrated sludge contains a high amount of basic macro- and microelements and is a valuable organic fertilizer equivalent to manure and sapropel. The precipitate obtained at aeration stations in Moscow is characterized by a neutral reaction of the medium, a high degree of saturation with bases and a humidity of 50-85%. It is stabilized, structural, has a friable consistency, has a high content of humified organic matter (57-75% on a dry basis), contains a large amount of nitrogen (N total - 2.5-4% on a dry basis) and phosphorus ( P ₂ O ₅ - 2.5-5% on a dry basis), has an average potassium content (K ₂ O - 0.15-0.3% on a dry basis) and low water holding capacity.

The mechanically dehydrated sludge in its composition meets sanitary standards (SanPiN 2.1.7.573-96), and it can be used in agriculture, as is done in many industrialized countries. Worldwide, waste management and environmental protection are a pressing issue. From the filter presses, dehydrated sewage sludge is transported outside the cities and stored at landfills. Accumulating in huge quantities, they create a big environmental and economic problem for megacities. In Moscow alone, this amount is more than half a million tons annually. In Switzerland, 70% of the annual output of WWS is used in agriculture, in Germany - 30%, in the USA - 26%, in France - 23%. Precipitation is widely used in Canada, Great Britain, Japan, Finland, Sweden, Poland, Bulgaria. In our country, in agriculture, no more than 4-6% of OGSV is used.

An obstacle to the widespread use of sludge as an organo-mineral fertilizer may be the high content of heavy metals that are present in OGSV in the form of carbonates, sulfides, organic complexes that are associated with bacterial biomass (Chebotarev N.T. Problems of wastewater sludge treatment in Moscow . // Chemistry in agriculture. - 1994. - No. 4. - S.21-22).

However, according to the conclusion of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fertilizers and Soil Science (VIUA), OGSV Moscow can be used as organic fertilizer without the risk of contaminating the soil and crop products with heavy metals (cadmium, manganese, copper, arsenic, nickel, mercury, lead, chromium, zinc) (Table 1) (Sedykh E.M., Adzhienko V.E., Starshinova N.P., Bannykh L.N., Tatsiy Yu.G., Gulko N.I. Analysis of urban sewage sediments. // RIA Standards and quality. Partners and competitors. - 2001. - No. 1. - S.16-20).

Table 1 The content of trace elements and heavy metals in the sewage sludge of the Kuryanovskaya aeration station Items The content in OGSV, mg / kg dry matter MPC Manganese 128-600 2000 Arsenic 3.7-4.2 twenty Mercury 0.17 fifteen Lead 72-84 1000 Copper 344-439 1500 Nickel 48-64 400 Zinc 244-800 40,000 Chromium 304-682 1200 Cadmium 3-5 thirty Molybdenum 2-8 not standardized Cobalt 4-20 not standardized Selenium 2-8 not standardized

Modern technology also eliminates the epidemiological danger. Currently, recommendations have been developed on the use of OGSV for grain on fodder, fodder and industrial crops. They are recommended for use in forestry and nursery farms, in meadow cultivation, seed growing, floriculture, where the probability of heavy metals and pathogens entering the food chains is minimal (Vorobyeva R.P., Dodolina V.T., Merzlaya G.E. Environmentally friendly methods of use waste - Barnaul: Publishing House of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, 2000. - 555 s; Romanov EM Ecological aspects of the disposal of sewage sludge in forest nurseries. // Problems of environmental protection from industrial, domestic, biological and medical waste, sludge sewage: Mater, international, scientific - practical conference - Penza, 1997. - S.147-150).

Substrates containing OHSW are characterized by a slightly alkaline reaction of the medium (7.02-7.36), have a bulk density of 0.21-0.25, specific gravity of 1.57 g / cm ³ , total porosity of 81.5%, aeration porosity 58 , 2%, absorption capacity 15.9 mEq / 100 g.

Due to the activity of thermophilic bacteria, which are active at temperatures above + 60 ° C, fresh sediments are almost sterile, which minimizes the possibility of root rot in green cuttings during rooting.

Our studies have shown that the positive effect of precipitation on root formation in garden plants is also associated with the presence of hormonal activity in water extracts due to the presence of microorganism vital products that accumulate in the sediment during thermophilic fermentation (Table 2).

table 2
Hormone content in dehydrated sewage sludge, 2006 OGSV storage period IAA ng / g mass CC ng / g mass GA ng / g mass ABA ng / g mass (Control) Tn: P = 1: 1 0.05 - - - Fresh OGSV 1.86 60.7 57.4 14.2 OGSV after storage for 1 year 0.65 40,4 67.1 1.9 OGSV after storage for 7 years 0.62 13.5 - - Tn - lowland peat; P - perlite

Fresh sediments after filter presses are characterized by the highest content of auxins (IAA) and cytokinins (CC), a pair of hormones responsible for morphogenesis and, in particular, for root formation. In precipitation a year ago, the content of CK decreases by 1.5, IAA - by 3 times. However, the ratio of the sum of CK + IAA to ABA is almost 5 times higher than in fresh sediments, which also positively affects the formation of the accessory root system in stem cuttings. In fresh sediments and in precipitation after a year of storage, noticeable gibberellin activity was noted, which is realized in the presence of growths on cuttings and good development of the leaf apparatus. The high content of mineral nutrition elements in OGSV, the presence in the environment of hormones synthesized by microorganisms at the stage of thermophilic fermentation, the absence of pathogenic microflora provide high value of mixtures for rooting green cuttings of garden plants.

After prolonged (up to 7 years) aging on silt sites, no gibberellins were found in the OGSW samples, the content of cytokinins is reduced by almost 3 times, the structure of substrates is deteriorated, the rooting of cuttings decreases, and their quality decreases. Long stored sediments are populated by pathogenic microflora.

Neutralized (pH 5.5-6.5) peat sphagnum peat (peat of the top type of the moss group; producer - Pelgorskoye-M peat enterprise) is ideally suited for low-volume technologies. It is characterized by a high content of sphagnum mosses (more than 80%), organic substances (96-97.7%), the absence of heavy metals, good physical properties: uniformity, friability, flowability, low bulk density (130-180 kg / m ³ ), a long fibrous homogeneous structure with a minimum fraction of dust fraction, high gas and water absorption capacity, thermal insulation properties. Sphagnum peat has significant buffering and high sorption and ion exchange ability.

High porosity (90-95%) and moisture capacity favorably distinguishes high peat from lowland and transitional. Even with abundant watering and in the conditions of a washing regime, peat in the pores contains up to 20% of air, therefore, waterlogging does not occur even in conditions of a washing regime. This is an important condition for the rooting of cuttings of difficult to propagate species and varieties, because excess moisture can cause root rot, stem stems, and root dying.

Optimal physical properties, favorable water-air regime, high water-holding and absorption capacity create unique conditions in the root habitat for the successful rooting and development of cuttings. In addition, peat produces carbon dioxide, which is necessary for the normal development of plants in greenhouses (Kuznetsova L.M., Galaktionov A.A. Peat soils. - L.: Transactions of VNIITP, issue 55, S.-99-108 .; Kuznetsova L.M., Bulganin V.N., Simonova G.P., Scherbakov V.A. Rationale for the parameters of peat raw materials used in crop production.Processing and use of peat. - L.: Collection of scientific works VNIITP, issue 59, S.5-12).

Horse peat contains natural humic acids, which have a positive effect on the plant and mycorrhiza, as well as amino acids necessary for the conversion of nutrients into an accessible form.

Adding peat to the substrate not only improves its physical properties, but also inhibits the activity of pathogenic microflora Streptomyces spp., Penicillium spp., Mortierella spp., Trichoderma viride spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Pythium spp., Alternaria spp. And Botrytis spp. (R. Tahvonen The diseas suppressiveness of light-colored sphagnum peat and biocontral of plant diseases with Streptomyces sp / Acta Horticulturae 342: International Symposium on Horticultural Substrates other than Soil in situ) due to the high acidity of the medium and the presence of phenolic compounds (Kuznetsova LM The use of peat in sheltered ground Peat in agriculture of the Non-chernozem zone: reference book / V.N. Efimov, I. .Donskih, etc. L.M.Kuznetsov V.N.Efimov Comp -... L .: Agropromizdat Leningr Dep-set, 1987. -.. S.109-130). Sphagnum peat does not contain technical pollution, pests and weed seeds.

The use of coarse perlite also has a positive effect on the water-air regime of the substrate, its water-holding ability and aeration porosity, which positively affects the growth and development of roots (D. Avanzato, S. Cherubini Influence of the substrates on the direct rooting of the ex vitro MM 106 apple microcuttings. / Acta Horticulturat 342, V.1, No. 45).

Examples of specific performance of the method

Example 1

Green gooseberry cuttings (Rodnik variety) are rooted in cassettes with cells with a diameter of 5 cm, V 25 cm ³ . Two weeks before rooting, the gooseberry uterine plants are treated with an aqueous solution of retardants (peak 0.4 ml / l) to induce root formation in the vegetative offspring. Cartridges are installed in greenhouses with a fog-forming installation.

The substrate is prepared by simple mixing of the components in the following ratio: horse peat neutralized 20-45%, coarse perlite 20-45%, dehydrated sludge from urban wastewater (OGSV) not more than 1 year of storage 60-10%.

In the control (prototype), the substrate contains lowland peat, perlite and OGSV in equal proportions

Table 3
Rooting of green gooseberry cuttings (variety Rodnik) in ridges depending on the content of WWS in a substrate containing peat and perlite (2006-07) The content of components, wt.% The proportion of sediment in the substrate,% Rooting,% The output of cuttings 1 and 2 parsing of the number of rooted,% Wintering of rooted cuttings,% Prototype thirty 69.6 63.8 70.9 Tn: P: O 35:35:30 Tv: P: O 45:45:10 10 54.1 64,2 69.7 Tv: P: O 40:40:20 twenty 71.6 50.1 81.2 Tv: P: O 35:35:30 thirty 89.2 85.1 93.6 Tv: P: O 30:30:40 40 80.9 86.4 91.4 Tv: P: O 25:25:50 fifty 78,4 82,4 95.3 Tv: P: O 20:20:60 60 58.8 61.6 59.9 Tn - lowland peat; TV - horse peat; P - perlite; O - OGSV

When using substrates with an OGSW content of 30 to 50%, high rooting (78-89% versus 69% in the control), yield of cuttings 1 and 2 of parsing (82-86% against 63% in the control) and reliable wintering of the cuttings in the field at autumn transplant (91-95% versus 70% in control).

Beyond the boundary values, the effect was not achieved: with a low content of OHSW (10-20%), lower indicators are explained by the insufficiently high content of the main macro- and microelements and the low hormonal activity of the rooting environment. An increase in the proportion of precipitation in the substrate entails a low water holding capacity, an excessively high level of nitrogen, which prevents root formation and causes decay of the base of the cuttings. In addition, the roots do not go over from the primary structure to the secondary for a long time, which affects their survival in open ground and preservation during wintering (Table 3.4).

Example 2

Green gooseberry cuttings (Sadko variety) are rooted in plastic cassettes with cells with a diameter of 5 cm in artificial substrates. Two weeks before rooting, the gooseberry uterine plants are treated with an aqueous solution of retardants (peak 0.4 ml / l) to induce root formation in vegetative offspring. Cartridges are installed in greenhouses with a fog-forming installation.

The substrates are prepared by simple mixing of the components in the following ratio: peat high-grade untralized (20-50%), coarse perlite (20-35%) and OGSV no more than 1 year of storage (25-60%).

In the control (prototype), the substrate contains lowland peat, perlite and OGSV in equal proportions.

Table 4
The influence of OGSV in the composition of substrates containing peat and perlite on root formation of green gooseberry cuttings (Moscow Red variety) in plastic cassettes, 2005-2006. The ratio of components in the substrate, wt.% The proportion of precipitation in the substrate,% Rooting,% The output of cuttings 1 and 2 parsing of the number of rooted,% Wintering,% Prototype thirty 61.0 60.7 71,4 Tn: P: O 35:35:30 TVO 35:70 65 58.8 50,4 59.9 50:50 fifty 72,4 44.1 70,2 60:40 40 77.7 52,4 68.5 70:30 thirty 74,2 32.6 70.6 75:25 25 50,2 40,2 72.5 TVPO 20:20:60 60 62.0 58.9 80.3 25:25:50 fifty 79.2 83.7 93.9 40:20:40 40 83.9 89.6 93.8 35:35:30 thirty 89.0 85,2 91.6 50:25:25 25 61.6 50.1 81.2 NDS ₀₅ 10,2 11.1 Tn - lowland peat; TV - horse peat; P - perlite; O-OGSV

Table 5
The influence of OGSV in the composition of substrates containing peat and perlite on the development of green gooseberry cuttings (Moscow Red variety) when they are rooted in plastic cells, 2005-2006. The content of components, wt.% The proportion of precipitation in the substrate,% The number of roots Root length, cm The total absorbent surface of the roots, dm ² Leaf surface area, cm ² Prototype thirty 4,5 8.5 6.3 7.4 Tn: P: O 35:35:30 Tv: Oh 35:70 65 5.3 9.2 8.7 7.0 50:50 fifty 5,0 10.8 10.3 7.2 60:40 40 5.9 9.1 11,4 8.2 70:30 thirty 4.1 11.3 6.2 5.9 75:25 25 4.6 8.9 7.8 6.5 TV: P: O 20:20:60 60 6.2 13.7 11.9 11,4 25:25:50 fifty 6.0 14.2 12.9 10.9 40:20:40 40 7.8 12.6 12.0 12,4 35:35:30 thirty 7.6 12.1 12.6 10.0 50:25:25 25 5.9 10,4 9.8 10.5 NDS ₀₅ 1.8 2,8 3.0 1,6

When rooting cuttings of difficultly propagated gooseberry varieties in cells and using substrates containing horse peat, coarse perlite and fresh OGSW (30-50%), a higher rooting rate of stem cuttings (79-89%) versus 61% in the control); rooted plants are distinguished by a more powerful development of the root system and the aerial parts (number, length of roots, value of their total adsorbing surface, leaf area) (Table 5).

Example 3

Green cuttings of Barberry Tunberg, f. Rose Glow is rooted in plastic cassettes with cells with a diameter of 5 cm in substrates containing horse peat, perlite and fresh (no more than 1 year of storage) OGSV. Cuttings before rooting are treated in an aqueous solution of IMC (40 mg / l) for 18 hours. Cartridges are installed in greenhouses with a fog-forming installation.

The substrate is prepared by simple mixing of the components in the following ratio: neutralized peat (20-50%), coarse perlite (20-35% o), fresh, not more than 1 year of storage of OGSV (25-60%).

In the control (prototype) substrates consist of lowland peat, perlite and OGSV in equal proportions.

Table 6
The influence of OGSV in the composition of the substrate containing peat and perlite on the development of green cuttings of Barberry Tunberg, f. Rose Glow when rooted in plastic cells, 2006 The content of components, wt.% The proportion of precipitation in the substrate,% Rooting,% The number of roots Root length, cm The total absorbent surface of the roots, dm ² Prototype 0 61.9 4.2 9.1 5,4 Tn: P: O 35:35:30 TV: P: O 20:20:60 60 56.1 6.1 9,4 5.9 25:25:50 fifty 71.8 6.0 IV 6.3 40:20:40 40 84.6 6.3 11.5 7.9 35:35:30 thirty 79.1 6.9 10,4 7.6 50:25:25 25 62.7 4.8 10.3 5.1 NDS ₀₅ 1,2 2,3 2,4

In a substrate containing horse peat, perlite and OGSW (from 30 to 50%), the rooting rate of stem cuttings of the hard-to-root decorative form of Barberry Tunberg - Rose Glow increases by 10-22.7% with a simultaneous improvement in the development of the root system (number, length of roots, their total adsorbing surface) (Table 6).

Example 4

Green Stalks of Potentilla (Pentaphylloides Duham., Five leaf, Kuril tea) (variety Elizabeth) are rooted in plastic cassettes with cells with a diameter of 5 cm in substrates containing neutralized peat, coarse perlite, fresh, not more than 1 year of storage of OGSV. Green cuttings before planting are treated with an aqueous solution of IMC 30 mg / L. Cartridges are installed in greenhouses with a fog-forming installation.

The substrate is prepared by simple mixing of the components in the following ratio: neutralized peat (20-50%), coarse perlite (20-35%), OGSV, with a shelf life of not more than one year (25-60%).

Table 7
The influence of OGSV in the composition of the substrate containing peat and perlite on the development of green cuttings of Pentaphylloides Duham cinquefoil. (variety Elizabeth) when rooted in plastic cells, 2005-2006 The ratio of components in the substrate,% The proportion of precipitation in the substrate,% Rooting,% The number of roots Root length, cm The total absorbent surface of the roots, dm ² Prototype thirty 66,2 19.6 8.9 10,2 Tn: P: O 35:35:30 TV: P: O 20:20:60 60 70.3 19.9 9.6 13.8 25:25:50 fifty 81.1 26,4 9.1 14.9 40:20:40 40 84.8 29.8 8.5 16.8 35:35:30 thirty 80.6 34.5 10,2 19.6 50:25:25 25 69,4 30.1 8.1 10.3 NDS ₀₅ 3,1 2.9 3.6

When rooting green stalks of the cinquefoil in experimental substrates, with a share of OGSV (30-50%), the rooting and yield of rooted cuttings with a well-developed root system (number, root length and total absorbent surface) increase by 14-19% (Table 6).

Claims (1)

Substrate for rooting green cuttings of hard-growing berry and ornamental shrubs in seedling cassettes, including peat, perlite and dehydrated stabilized sludge from urban wastewater, characterized in that it contains neutralized peat, coarse perlite and dehydrated stabilized sludge from urban wastewater for not more than one year of storage in the following ratio of components: neutralized high peat 25-35 wt.%, coarse perlite 25-35 wt.% and dehydrated stabilized sediments orodskih wastewater 30-50 wt.%.