CN111218417A - Algae bacterium mixed preparation for improving water and fertilizer retention effect and application - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a phycomycete mixed preparation for improving the water and fertilizer retention effect, which comprises the following raw materials in part by weight: the mixed bactericide comprises sphingomonas TJA3-1 and bacillus mucilaginosus, and a mixed algicide comprises chlorella and nostoc, and the mixed bactericide and the mixed algicide are mixed according to the volume ratio of 3:1-1:2 to obtain the phycomycete mixed preparation. The algae-bacteria mixed preparation can form compact biological crust when being applied to soil, improve the water and fertilizer retention effect of the soil and promote the growth of seedlings such as cotton and the like. Compared with other artificial biological crusts, the algae and bacteria form a microbial symbiotic system, the interaction of the algae and the bacteria improves the persistence of the preparation, solves the problems of slow forming of the algae crusts, low persistence and the like, is suitable for large-scale production, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a phycomycete mixed preparation for improving a water and fertilizer maintaining effect and application thereof.
Background
The soil desertification is a very serious ecological environment problem, the soil property and the structure are changed due to the desertification, the water and fertilizer holding capacity is reduced, the growth of plants is further influenced, the types and the quantity of soil microorganisms are also obviously reduced, the oxidation-reduction state of the soil is gradually changed, the relation of the soil, the plants and the microorganisms enters a vicious circle, a soil inversion process is started, the loss of surface soil is intensified along with wind erosion, the soil begins to be desertified, the development of the soil is allowed to finally lead to the disappearance of fertile soil, and the desertification area is increased. The method for preventing and controlling soil desertification includes measures such as a chemical water-retaining agent and artificial biological crust, wherein the chemical water-retaining agent is widely used as an artificially synthesized high molecular polymer, can absorb a large amount of water and form hydrogel, so that the water in the gel is slowly released and supplied to plants growing in arid regions for absorption and utilization. However, the chemical water-retaining agent has high use cost, potential toxicity and easy environmental pollution. Compared with chemical water-retaining agents, the artificial soil crust has low cost, safety and no pollution, and the control effect is more durable, so that the biological crust is increasingly emphasized and popularized for desertification control.
The biological crust is a composite biological soil layer formed by soil microorganisms, algae, lichen, moss and other plant groups in desertification areas and other related organisms and soil particles through adhesive secretion and the like. The biological crust has low requirement on humidity, has high tolerance on extreme temperature and strong light, and can adapt to poor growth conditions such as nutrient impoverishment and drought. The soil surface with biological crust can show very obvious water and fertilizer retention effect and weather erosion resistance, and the biological crust is an important landscape in arid and semi-arid regions and plays an important role in stabilizing the soil structure in the desertification regions.
The artificial biological crust is mostly applied to the independent algae crust or the independent fungus crust, and the research and the application of the bacterial crust, particularly the bacterial and algae mixed biological crust are few.
Through searching, the following patent publications related to the patent application of the invention are found:
1. a method (CN109337826A) for quickly cultivating fungi and fungus-blue algae composite lichen crusts is characterized in that outer bottle mold Zh2 obtained by screening belongs to a high-yield extracellular polysaccharide strain, and outer bottle mold Zh2 and blue algae are compositely applied to biological crust artificial sand fixing, so that on one hand, the outer bottle mold Zh2 can provide a carbon source for blue algae growth, and on the other hand, sand grains can be cemented to form stable aggregates, the carbon nitrogen content and the soil enzyme activity of soil are improved, the soil physicochemical property is improved, and the soil nutrition level is remarkably promoted. According to the invention, fungi and blue algae are mixed and inoculated in the quicksand, so that stable composite crusts can be formed quickly, the cultivation period is short, meanwhile, the stability of artificial crusts is improved, and the process of succession from algae crusts to lichen crusts is accelerated. The drought resistance of the fungal cyanobacteria composite lichen crust cultured by the invention is obviously higher than that of a single cyanobacteria crust, which shows that the composite crust can better adapt to the harsh environment of a drought region.
2. A method for treating desert by artificial biological crust and special lichen (CN102318562A) are provided, a set of products for preparing lichen comprises independently packaged bacteria and algae, wherein the bacteria is Endocarpon pusillum F07020CGMCC No.3893, and the algae is Diplochaera choratii A07020 CGMCC No. 3892. The special lichen provided by the invention is formed by Endocarpon pusillum F07020CGMCC No.3893 and Diprosphera chorodia 07020CGMCC No. 3892. According to the method, the special lichen and/or the symbiotic bacteria and the symbiotic algae of the lichen are broadcast on the surface of sandy soil, the crust can be formed in one year, the crust coverage rate of each square meter can reach 80%, the method can directly promote the formation of the lichen crust, shorten the maturation time of the miniature biological crust, is simple and convenient to operate, can effectively and durably fix the sand, and improves the nutrient elements and biological diversity of a desert ecosystem, and meanwhile, the formed ecological landscape not only can bring economic value to tourism in desert regions, but also can provide materials for greening in towns and towns in arid and semi-arid regions.
By contrast, the present patent application is substantially different from the above publications.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a phycomycete mixed preparation for improving the water and fertilizer retention effect and application thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the phycomycete mixed preparation for improving the water and fertilizer retention effect comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the mixed microbial inoculum contains sphingomonas TJA3-1 and Bacillus mucilaginosus with the final cell concentration of 106-108CFU/mL；
The mixed algicide contains chlorella and nostoc, and the final mass concentration of the algicide is 0.2-0.75%;
and mixing the mixed microbial inoculum and the mixed algicide according to the volume ratio of 3:1-1:2 to obtain the algicide mixed preparation.
The preparation method of the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
adding sterile water into a fresh activated slant strain, uniformly mixing, and inoculating into a fermentation culture medium, wherein the sterile water is as follows: the volume ratio of the fermentation medium is 1: 20, placing the mixture in a shaking table at the temperature of 28-32 ℃, shaking and culturing the mixture for 48-72h at the speed of 100-150r/min, and adding sterile water to dilute the mixture to the required cell concentration;
wherein the fermentation medium (g/L) is: sucrose 25.0-35.0, sodium nitrate 1.0-3.0, K2HPO40.2-0.6，MgSO40.2-0.4，FeSO40.005-0.015，pH 7.0-7.5。
Moreover, the preparation steps of the mixed algicide are as follows:
⑴ inoculating the mother liquid of algicide into fermentation culture according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, placing in a light incubator, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃, keeping the light intensity of a fluorescent lamp at 4000-;
wherein the fermentation medium (g/L) is: sodium nitrate 1.0-2.0, K2HPO40.01-0.04，MgSO40.03-0.06，CaCl20.01-0.02, 0.002-0.005 ferric ammonium citrate and 7.0-7.5 pH value;
⑵ the obtained algal cells are lyophilized to obtain a mixed algicide, which is diluted to a desired cell concentration before use.
The phycomycete mixed preparation for improving the water and fertilizer retention effect is applied to the recovery and/or treatment of desertification soil.
The application of the phycomycete mixed preparation for improving the water and fertilizer retention effect in the aspect of biological crust is provided.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the algae-bacteria mixed preparation can form compact biological crust when being applied to soil, improve the water and fertilizer retention effect of the soil and promote the growth of seedlings such as cotton and the like. Compared with other artificial biological crusts, the algae and bacteria form a microbial symbiotic system, the interaction of the algae and the bacteria improves the persistence of the preparation, solves the problems of slow forming of the algae crusts, low persistence and the like, is suitable for large-scale production, and has wide application prospect.
2. The phycomycete mixed preparation is prepared by phycomycete according to a certain proportion, and is uniformly sprayed on the surface of desertification soil to form a microorganism symbiotic system, and viscous extracellular polysaccharide generated by bacteria metabolism can enable fine sand grains to be tightly combined with microorganisms to restore the primary stage of biological crust formation in an ecological system, so that the biological crust enhances the stability of the soil surface, creates nutritional conditions for the growth of algae, can enrich microorganism groups in the desertification soil, and improves the sustainable effect of the biological crust; meanwhile, the autotrophic algae can provide a carbon source for the growth of heterotrophic bacteria, help the survival of exopolysaccharide synthetic bacteria, enable the biological crust to have stronger stability, and have more obvious effect on the control of desertification.
3. The algae-bacteria mixed preparation is prepared by proportioning exopolysaccharide synthetic bacteria and algae, is sprayed on the surface of sandy soil to form algae-bacteria mixed biological crust, has good water and fertilizer holding capacity, and can be used for recovering and treating desertification soil.
4. The algae bacterium mixed preparation is capable of improving the water and fertilizer retention effect, and the biological crust formed by spraying the algae bacterium mixed preparation on the surface of soil can improve the water and fertilizer retention effect of the soil and promote the growth of crop seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the microbial inoculum of the present invention on soil moisture retention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of the first leaching of the microbial inoculum on fertilizer retention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the fertilizer-retaining effect of the microbial inoculum leached for the second time in the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the microbial inoculum of the present invention on cotton seedling growth.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and not limitation, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The raw materials used in the invention are conventional commercial products unless otherwise specified; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The phycomycete mixed preparation for improving the water and fertilizer retention effect comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the mixed microbial inoculum contains sphingomonas TJA3-1 and Bacillus mucilaginosus with the final cell concentration of 106-108CFU/mL；
The mixed algicide contains chlorella and nostoc, and the final mass concentration of the algicide is 0.2-0.75%;
and mixing the mixed microbial inoculum and the mixed algicide according to the volume ratio of 3:1-1:2 to obtain the algicide mixed preparation.
Preferably, the preparation steps of the mixed microbial inoculum are as follows:
adding sterile water into a fresh activated slant strain, uniformly mixing, and inoculating into a fermentation culture medium, wherein the sterile water is as follows: the volume ratio of the fermentation medium is 1: 20, placing the mixture in a shaking table at the temperature of 28-32 ℃, shaking and culturing the mixture for 48-72h at the speed of 100-150r/min, and adding sterile water to dilute the mixture to the required cell concentration;
wherein the fermentation medium (g/L) is: sucrose 25.0-35.0, sodium nitrate 1.0-3.0, K2HPO40.2-0.6，MgSO40.2-0.4，FeSO40.005-0.015，pH 7.0-7.5。
Preferably, the preparation steps of the mixed algicide are as follows:
⑴ inoculating the mother liquid of algicide into fermentation culture according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, placing in a light incubator, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃, keeping the light intensity of a fluorescent lamp at 4000-;
wherein the fermentation medium (g/L) is: sodium nitrate 1.0-2.0, K2HPO40.01-0.04，MgSO40.03-0.06，CaCl20.01-0.02, 0.002-0.005 ferric ammonium citrate and 7.0-7.5 pH value;
⑵ the obtained algal cells are lyophilized to obtain a mixed algicide, which is diluted to a desired cell concentration before use.
The phycomycete mixed preparation for improving the water and fertilizer retention effect is applied to the recovery and/or treatment of desertification soil.
The application of the phycomycete mixed preparation for improving the water and fertilizer retention effect in the aspect of biological crust is provided.
More specifically, the preparation and detection are as follows:
example 1:
the strain Sphingomonas TJA3-1 (disclosed in patent publication CN109988731A, Sphingomonas TJA3-1, named TJA3-1, classified as Sphingomonas sp., preservation number is CGMCC No.15057, preservation date is 12 months and 13 days in 2017, No.3 Sichen Siro 1 of the sunward area in Beijing, preservationUnit: china general microbiological culture Collection center. ) And activating bacillus mucilaginosus on a slant of an LB culture medium respectively, taking a freshly activated slant strain, adding 5mL of sterile water, uniformly mixing, and inoculating into 250mL of shake flasks filled with 100mL of fermentation culture medium respectively, wherein the fermentation culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight (g/L): sucrose 30.0, sodium nitrate 2.0, K2HPO40.5，MgSO40.2，FeSO40.01, pH 7.0. Placing in a shaking table at 30 deg.C, shake-culturing at 150r/min for 60h, adding sterile water, and diluting the cell concentration of fermentation liquid of Sphingomonas TJA3-1 and Bacillus mucilaginosus to 107CFU/mL, 1:1 to obtain the mixed microbial inoculum.
And (3) detecting the water retention effect: putting 200g of naturally air-dried sandy soil into a plastic basin, respectively adding 50g of water (CK) and a mixed microbial inoculum, and respectively setting for 3 times; and naturally evaporating at room temperature, and weighing at regular time to calculate the water content of the soil. The results are shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen that the water retention effect of the soil is obviously improved after the mixed microbial inoculum is sprayed, the water content of the control soil sample is completely evaporated at 10 days, and the water content of the soil sample sprayed with the mixed microbial inoculum is 3.3%.
And (3) detecting the fertilizer preservation effect:
130g of naturally air-dried sandy soil is respectively weighed, placed in a plastic basin with a hole at the bottom end and two layers of filter cloth, 30g of water (CK) and a mixed microbial inoculum are respectively added, the application amount of sodium nitrate, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 100mg per basin, and each treatment is repeated for 3 times. Standing at room temperature, adding 25mL water into the pot after 7 days for leaching, collecting the soil leachate, and detecting NH in the soil leachate with a BioProfile300A multiparameter biochemical analyzer4 +、PO4 3-、K+And (4) content. Standing for 7 days, adding 25mL water again for second time soil leaching, collecting soil leachate, and measuring NH4 +、PO4 3-、K+And (4) observing the influence of the biological crust on the soil fertility preservation effect. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the soil after the mixed bacterial agent is applied has improved fertilizer retention capacity, leaching of NPK fertilizer is reduced in leaching rainfall simulation test, and NH in first soil leachate4 +、PO4 3-、K+The contents of the second soil leachate are 18.7 percent, 63.0 percent and 38.2 percent of the reference content4 +、PO4 3-、K+The contents were 27.1%, 54.8% and 76.2% of the control.
Influence of the microbial inoculum on the growth of cotton seedlings:
soaking SGK988 cotton seeds in warm water for 24h, and respectively adding 40g of water (CK) and mixed microbial inoculum during potting, wherein each treatment is repeated for 3 times. Placing in a 25 ℃ illumination incubator, illuminating for 12h, and darkness for 12h, and adding water 20mL, 30mL, and 30mL respectively at 9d, 15d, 19d, and 23d of the wilting condition of cotton leaves. When the cotton grows to 30 days, seedlings are harvested, and the plant height, the root length, the fresh weight of the overground part and the fresh weight of the underground part of the cotton seedlings are measured. As shown in FIG. 4, the biological crust formed by the mixed microbial inoculum has no influence on the germination of the cotton seeds and the emergence of the seedlings, and is beneficial to the growth of the cotton seedlings.
Example 2:
inoculating chlorella and nostoc into fermentation culture (g/L) according to the inoculation amount of 5 percent: sodium nitrate 1.5, K2HPO40.03，MgSO40.05，CaCl20.01, 0.005 of ferric ammonium citrate and pH 7.0, placing the mixture in a lighting incubator, keeping the temperature at 20 ℃, and keeping the light intensity of a fluorescent lamp at 4000Lux for 16h in a lighting period: culturing for 20 days for 8h, collecting algal cells, freeze-drying, mixing at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain mixed algicide, and diluting to 0.5% concentration before use.
The water retention effect detection method is the same as that in example 1, and the result is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen that after the mixed algicide is sprayed, the water retention effect of the soil is obviously improved, the water of the control soil sample is completely evaporated at 10 days, and the water content of the soil sample sprayed with the mixed algicide is 0.49%.
The results of the method for testing fertilizer retention effect, which is the same as that of example 1, are shown in fig. 2 and 3, and the soil fertility retention ability is improved after the mixed algicide is applied, leaching of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is reduced in the leaching rainfall simulation test, and NH in the first soil leachate4 +、PO4 3-、K+The contents were 57.7%, 90.2% and 74.7% of the control, secondNH in secondary soil leachate4 +、PO4 3-、K+The contents were 82.5%, 93.2% and 97.2% of the control.
The method for influencing the growth of cotton seedlings by using the microbial inoculum is the same as that in example 1, and the result is shown in figure 4, the biological crust formed by the mixed algicide has no influence on the germination of cotton seeds and the emergence of the seedlings, and the method is favorable for the growth of the cotton seedlings.
Example 3:
the mixed microbial inoculum of example 1 and the mixed algaecide of example 2 are mixed according to the ratio of 1:1 to obtain an algaecide mixed preparation. The water retention effect test method is the same as that of example 1, and the results are shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen that after the mixed algicide is sprayed, the water retention effect of the soil is obviously improved, the water of the control soil sample is completely evaporated at 10 days, the water content of the soil sample sprayed with the mixed algicide is 4.45%, and the water retention effect of the mixed algicide is 1.35 and 9.08 times that of examples 1 and 2.
The results of the method for testing fertilizer retention effect, which is the same as that of example 1, are shown in fig. 2 and 3, and the soil fertility retention ability is improved after the mixed algicide is applied, leaching of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is reduced in the leaching rainfall simulation test, and NH in the first soil leachate4 +、PO4 3-、K+The content of NH in the second soil drench is 20.2 percent, 61.1 percent and 36.8 percent of the contrast4 +、PO4 3-、K+The contents were 26.0%, 10.2% and 67.7% of the control. The fertilizer-keeping effect of the phycomycete mixed preparation is better, and particularly in the secondary leaching, NH of soil leachate4 +、PO4 3-、K+The content is lower, which shows that the mixed preparation for phycomycete symbiosis has better persistence of the fertilizer retention effect of forming biological crust.
The method is the same as example 1, and the result is shown in figure 4, the biological crust formed by the mixed algicide has no influence on the germination of cotton seeds and the emergence of seedlings, and is beneficial to the growth of cotton seedlings, and compared with the control, the plant height, the root length, the fresh weight of the overground part and the fresh weight of the underground part of the cotton seedlings are respectively improved by 53.7%, 11.2%, 109.6% and 23.5%.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed.
Claims (5)
1. The phycomycete mixed preparation for improving the water and fertilizer maintaining effect is characterized in that: the phycomycete mixed preparation consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the mixed microbial inoculum contains sphingomonas TJA3-1 and Bacillus mucilaginosus with the final cell concentration of 106-108CFU/mL；
The mixed algicide contains chlorella and nostoc, and the final mass concentration of the algicide is 0.2-0.75%;
and mixing the mixed microbial inoculum and the mixed algicide according to the volume ratio of 3:1-1:2 to obtain the algicide mixed preparation.
2. The mixed phycomycete preparation for improving the water and fertilizer holding effect as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the preparation steps of the mixed microbial inoculum are as follows:
adding sterile water into a fresh activated slant strain, uniformly mixing, and inoculating into a fermentation culture medium, wherein the sterile water is as follows: the volume ratio of the fermentation medium is 1: 20, placing the mixture in a shaking table at the temperature of 28-32 ℃, shaking and culturing the mixture for 48-72h at the speed of 100-150r/min, and adding sterile water to dilute the mixture to the required cell concentration;
wherein the fermentation medium (g/L) is: sucrose 25.0-35.0, sodium nitrate 1.0-3.0, K2HPO40.2-0.6，MgSO40.2-0.4，FeSO40.005-0.015，pH 7.0-7.5。
3. The mixed phycomycete preparation for improving the water and fertilizer holding effect as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the preparation steps of the mixed algicide are as follows:
⑴ inoculating the mother liquid of algicide into fermentation culture according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, placing in a light incubator, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃, keeping the light intensity of a fluorescent lamp at 4000-;
wherein the fermentation medium (g/L) is: sodium nitrate 1.0-2.0, K2HPO40.01-0.04，MgSO40.03-0.06，CaCl20.01-0.02, 0.002-0.005 ferric ammonium citrate and 7.0-7.5 pH value;
⑵ the obtained algal cells are lyophilized to obtain a mixed algicide, which is diluted to a desired cell concentration before use.
4. Use of the mixed algal bacterial preparation for improving water and fertilizer retention according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for restoration and/or improvement of desertification soil.
5. Use of the phycomycete mixture formulation for improving water and fertilizer holding effect as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3 in biofouling.
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| CN114479864A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-05-13 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | Preparation method of fast-breeding in-situ sand fixation material and in-situ sand fixation method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114479864A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-05-13 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 | Preparation method of fast-breeding in-situ sand fixation material and in-situ sand fixation method |
| CN113956100A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-01-21 | 甘肃省科学院地质自然灾害防治研究所 | Spray for promoting soil skinning and preparation method and application thereof |
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