CN102783348B - Laborsaving cost-reducing direct-seeding cultivation method for tobacco - Google Patents
Laborsaving cost-reducing direct-seeding cultivation method for tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN102783348B CN102783348B CN201210310611.7A CN201210310611A CN102783348B CN 102783348 B CN102783348 B CN 102783348B CN 201210310611 A CN201210310611 A CN 201210310611A CN 102783348 B CN102783348 B CN 102783348B
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Abstract
A laborsaving cost-reducing direct-seeding cultivation method for tobacco includes firstly, preparing a tobacco field and making beds one month and a half in advance, applying base fertilizer along a bottom center line of each ride, making ridges, and allowing rainwater to supplement the ridges until soil moisture is sufficient; secondly, making holes after the rain stops, and applying plant ash mixed with soil insect drug into the holes; thirdly, sowing seeds in the holes with one seed for each hole, spraying isolane to the plant ash and the coated seeds, allowing the plant ash and the coated seeds to absorb water and become humid, and covering with mulch; fourthly, making holes on the mulch when each seed germinates and grows two leaves and a core, applying fertilizer again into root holes with tobacco plants when tobacco seedlings grow about 20cm tall, filling the holes with soil, removing the mulch when the tobacco plants grow 50cm tall, hilling the beds till the ridges are full, controlling disease and pest damage, timely toping and picking buds, and harvesting for baking timely till the plants are ripe. The method omits the procedures of seedling raising, transplanting and topdressing, and accordingly planting time is shortened, peat and seedling trays are economized, and a seedling tunnel is omitted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flue-cured tobacco cultivation method.
Background technology
Flue-cured tobacco is the Important Economic crop of China, and Annual planting area is more than 1,000,000 hectares.Tobacco planting mainly adopts the method for first growing seedlings and transplanting afterwards at present, overall process mainly comprises grows seedlings, real tillage, ridging, fertilising, transplanting, epiphragma, the anti-worm of curing the disease, pinches and smear wooden fork, picking and roasting etc., and whole link length consuming time, recruitment is many, labour intensity is large.Main floating seedlings and the moistening two kinds of modes of growing seedlings of pallet of adopting of wherein growing seedlings, grow seedlings and need to set up green house or plastic canopy, the stage required time approximately two months of growing seedlings, and the matrix used of growing seedlings be take the peat composed of rotten mosses (also claiming peat) as main.Tobacco planting mainly adopts ridge culture, the high 0.25～0.3m that is generally in ridge, and row spacing is 1.0～1.2m, spacing in the rows is 0.5～0.6m, every 667m
2plant cigarette 1100 strain left and right.Because flue-cured tobacco is mainly distributed in the Mountainous Regions such as Southwestern China, production process mechanization degree is relatively low, plants 667m at present by livestock operation
2flue-cured tobacco recruitment is 35 left and right, far above cereal crops production labors such as paddy rice, wheat, corns.
Flue-cured tobacco cultivation has many new measures and method, as plastic mulching, bi-layered fertilizing etc.The technology of applying for a patent has: No. 200810069035.5 < < fire-cured tobacco cultivation technique mode by concave double-ridge plastic membrane mulching during whole breeding season > >, mainly for be to improve tobacco production and value amount; 2009101092852.0 the method > > of number < < mono-one-ridge double-row flue-cured tobacco dislocation cultivation, mainly for be to improve quality of tobacco, outstanding tobacco leaf zoning characteristic, makes full use of cigarette district land resources; It is not obvious that these technology are fallen the effect of this aspect cured tobacco production saving of labor.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the live saving of labor of a kind of flue-cured tobacco and fall this cultivation method, to reach the object of tobacco planting saving of labor cost efficiency.
As everyone knows, flue-cured tobacco is a kind of crop of intensive cultivation, if for saving of labor low level management, tobacco production and value amount can be affected, thereby does not reach the object of cost efficiency.Therefore, inventor points out: the prerequisite of labor-saving flue-cured tobacco cultivation is that yield of tobacco and quality are not had to remarkable adverse effect.
The technical scheme that inventor adopts comprises the following steps:
(1) one and a half months before the conventional Different Transplanting Periods of local flue-cured tobacco, puts kind of a cigarette ground in order, and by row spacing, 100cm opens railway carriage or compartment, along center line bar basal dressing at the bottom of ridge, and ridging then, and wait rainwater to supplement ridge body moisture to soil moisture content abundance;
(2) rain is only rear adopts circular card punch to punch, and in hole, applies the ash that is mixed with anti-soil insect medicament that 0.5cm is thick;
(3) in hole, sow afterwards, 1 of Pelleted Germinating Seeds of Flue-cured Tobacco is broadcast in every hole, then toward the transplanting miraculous cure agent that sprays 2000 times of dilutions in aperture to ash and capsuled seed absorb water moisteningly, then whole ridge body is covered to mulch film;
(4) until seed germination emerge and grow to two leaves wholeheartedly time on film a broken aperture, when cigarette seedling grows ridge body, and reach 20cm when height, and fertilising again, fertilizer applies in the hole of cigarette strain root, then with soil, fill up hole, after 50cm height is grown in cigarette strain, throw off mulch film, and upper railway carriage or compartment to the ridge of ridging body is full, carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bud picking of pinching in time, ripe after picking and roasting in time.
In above-mentioned (1) step, the amount of described basal dressing is total fertilizing amount 85%; Described ridging height is 25cm left and right; Described rainwater supplements ridge body moisture, more than requiring to rain in 24 hours and reaching 25mm, or the light rain of long period, moderate rain, make soil drench; Described soil moisture content abundance refers to that soil moisture content reaches the more than 90% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
In above-mentioned (2) step, described circular card punch is the special-purpose punching device of making of stainless steel tube, the structure of this card punch be documented in No. 201220430100.4 or No. 201220430089.1 patent applications among; The pitch-row of described punching is 50cm, and hole diameter is 6cm, deeply for 6cm; Described anti-soil insect medicament is that tea is withered, oil cake is pulverized as particle diameter≤2mm, and, oil cake mass ratio withered by tea mixes at 2: 1.
In above-mentioned (3) step, described Pelleted Germinating Seeds of Flue-cured Tobacco refers to by after vernalization, according to the tobacco seed of routine techniques dressing.
In above-mentioned (4) step, the described amount of fertilising is again 15% of total fertilizing amount.
This method, in conjunction with the principle of seed sowing cultivation and plastic film mulching cultivation, is given full play to the two usefulness, for seed germination and tobacco seedling growth provide an adapt circumstance, thereby reach tobacco planting not only saving of labor the effect of tobacco production and value amount is fallen but also is not reduced.Have the following advantages: (1) can significantly reduce in during production process of flue-cured tobacco the link amount of labour used of growing seedlings, transplant, topdress, the general planting method of transplanting is again compared every 667m with first growing seedlings at present
2flue-cured tobacco can be saved 4 of recruitments, and 200 yuan of left and right reduce production costs; (2) do not affect that cigarette strain is grown and the prerequisite of yield of tobacco and quality under, can shorten about tobacco planting time two weeks; (3) moistening non-renewable resources and the expanded polystyrene seedling-cultivating trays such as required a large amount of peat composed of rotten mosses (peat) of growing seedlings of current floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco and pallet, every 667m have been saved
2the flue-cured tobacco 80 yuan of left and right that reduce production costs; (4) can save the infrastructure constructions such as seedling raising greenhouse; (5) simple to operate, be easy to promote.The present invention is applicable to tobacco planting.
Embodiment
Embodiment: at the previous first quarter moon of the conventional Different Transplanting Periods of local flue-cured tobacco, put kind of a cigarette ground in order, by row spacing, 100cm opens railway carriage or compartment, along 85% of the total fertilizing amount of center line row replacement at the bottom of ridge, make base manure, then ridging is to 25cm left and right height, ridge is risen and is waited afterwards rainwater to supplement ridge body moisture to soil moisture content abundance, and soil moisture content reaches the more than 90% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil; Then after stopping, rain adopt the circular card punch of backpack puncher by pitch-row 50cm, to beat the hole of diameter 6cm, dark 6cm, in hole, apply the ash that is mixed with anti-soil insect medicament that 0.5cm is thick, then every hole sowing Pelleted Germinating Seeds of Flue-cured Tobacco is 1, then toward the transplanting miraculous cure agent that sprays 2000 times of dilutions in aperture to ash with through urging the seed water suction of Coated after germination moistening, then whole ridge body is covered to mulch film.Until seed germination emerge and grow to two leaves wholeheartedly time on film a broken aperture, when cigarette seedling grows ridge body, and reach 20cm when height, remaining 15% fertilizer is applied in the hole of cigarette strain root, then with soil, fill up hole, after 50cm height is grown in cigarette strain, throw off mulch film, and upper railway carriage or compartment to the ridge of ridging body is full, carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bud picking of pinching in time, in time picking and roasting.
Claims (5)
1. this cultivation method falls in the live saving of labor of flue-cured tobacco, and its feature comprises the following steps:
(1) one and a half months before the conventional Different Transplanting Periods of local flue-cured tobacco, puts kind of a cigarette ground in order, and by row spacing, 100cm opens railway carriage or compartment, along center line bar basal dressing at the bottom of ridge, then ridging, and etc. rainwater to supplement ridge body moisture sufficient to soil moisture content, be that soil moisture content reaches the more than 90% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil;
(2) rain is only rear adopts circular card punch to punch, and in hole, applies the ash that is mixed with anti-soil insect medicament that 0.5cm is thick; Described anti-soil insect medicament is that tea is withered, oil cake is pulverized as particle diameter≤2mm, and, oil cake mass ratio withered by tea mixes at 2: 1;
(3) in hole, sow afterwards, 1 of Pelleted Germinating Seeds of Flue-cured Tobacco is broadcast in every hole, then toward the transplanting miraculous cure agent that sprays 2000 times of dilutions in aperture to ash and capsuled seed absorb water moisteningly, then whole ridge body is covered to mulch film;
(4) until seed germination emerge and grow to two leaves wholeheartedly time on film a broken aperture, when cigarette seedling grows ridge body, and reach 20cm when height, and fertilising again, fertilizer applies in the hole of cigarette strain root, then with soil, fill up hole, after 50cm height is grown in cigarette strain, throw off mulch film, and upper railway carriage or compartment to the ridge of ridging body is full, carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest, the bud picking of pinching in time, ripe after picking and roasting in time.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in (1) step, and the amount of described basal dressing is total fertilizing amount 85%; Described ridging height is 25cm; Described rainwater supplements ridge body moisture, more than requiring to rain in 24 hours and reaching 25mm, or light rain, moderate rain for a long time, make soil drench.
3. the method for claim 1, the pitch-row that it is characterized in that described punching is 50cm, hole diameter is 6cm, is 6cm deeply;
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in (3) step, and described Pelleted Germinating Seeds of Flue-cured Tobacco refers to by after vernalization, according to the tobacco seed of routine techniques dressing.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in (4) step, and the described amount of fertilising is again 15% of total fertilizing amount.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210310611.7A CN102783348B (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | Laborsaving cost-reducing direct-seeding cultivation method for tobacco |
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| CN201210310611.7A CN102783348B (en) | 2012-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | Laborsaving cost-reducing direct-seeding cultivation method for tobacco |
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| CN102783348A CN102783348A (en) | 2012-11-21 |
| CN102783348B true CN102783348B (en) | 2014-03-19 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103340083B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-25 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with light environment of Yunnan tobacco-growing area |
| CN103430716B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-03-25 | 中国烟草总公司福建省公司 | Transplantation method for accelerating growth and development of faint scent type tobacco plant |
| CN103340085B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-02-25 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco cultivation method fitting in with geographical characteristics of fen-flavor tobacco producing area |
| CN103444399B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-10-21 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司巫山分公司 | Tobacco cultivation method |
| CN103918444A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-16 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco cultivation method |
| CN104770098A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-07-15 | 王金成 | Land no-tillage pit forming substrate filling direct seeding method |
| CN110896702A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-03-24 | 河南省烟草公司许昌市公司 | Tobacco coated pelleted seed, preparation method and seedling growing method thereof |
| CN111543276A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-08-18 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Tobacco seedling cultivation technology |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1470159A (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-01-28 | 谦 李 | Tobacco planting method |
| CN201066987Y (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2008-06-04 | 杨树学 | Ridge forming, fertilizing, chemical-spraying and film mulching integrated machine for tobacco field |
| CN101627677B (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-08-31 | 洛阳易通电气科技有限公司 | Method and device for automatic seeding of tobacco coated seed |
| CN101785400A (en) * | 2010-04-02 | 2010-07-28 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Labor-saving flue-cured tobacco cultivation method |
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