CN103430716B - Transplantation method for accelerating growth and development of faint scent type tobacco plant - Google Patents
Transplantation method for accelerating growth and development of faint scent type tobacco plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN103430716B CN103430716B CN201310310560.2A CN201310310560A CN103430716B CN 103430716 B CN103430716 B CN 103430716B CN 201310310560 A CN201310310560 A CN 201310310560A CN 103430716 B CN103430716 B CN 103430716B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transplantation method for accelerating the growth and the development of a faint scent type tobacco plant, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco plant cultivation. The method comprises the following steps of land preparation, ridging, transplanting, seedling leading and film uncovering. Firstly, deep ploughing and land preparation are carried out, 1600-2400kg/mu of decomposed fertilizer is applied; then, ridging is carried out according to the line spacing of 100-120cm with the ridge height of 20-30cm and the ridge bottom width of 75-95cm; the double-line application of 16-24kg/mu of compound fertilizer, 35-45kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer, 12-20kg/mu of potassium sulphate, 1-2kg/mu of zinc sulfate and 15-25kg/mu of cake fertilizer is carried out during ridging; the tobacco seedling transplantation period is from later January to the medium May, punching is carried out according to the row spacing of 45-55cm with the hole width of 10-15cm and the depth of 15-20cm; before transplantation, 4-6kg/mu of compound fertilizer and 3-5kg/mu of potassium sulphate are subjected to hole application; after transplantation, 2-3kg of Dinggen water is poured, a mulching film is covered, and the distance between the top of the tobacco seedling to the mulching film is 10-15cm; when the top of the tobacco seedling supports the film after transplantation is carried out for 15-25 days, the seedling is led to cover soil and seal a dibble; and when the tobacco seedling enters the bloom growing period after transplantation is carried out for 30-40 days, earthing, weeding and watering are carried out. According to the method, the growth and the development of the tobacco seedling can be accelerated, the biomass accumulation is increased, the tobacco yield and quality can be improved, the faint scent flavor of the tobacco is reinforced, and the tobacco seedling illness catching rate is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cigarette strain Cultivating techniques field, be specifically related to one and can promote that faint scent type tobacco is grown, improve the Yield and qualities of tobacco leaf, reduce cigarette strain and to catch an illness the transplanting method of rate.
Background technology
Tobacco is the important economic crops of China, and in many areas, tobacco planting is all local important source of finance.In tobacco planting, the selection of transplanting condition is to promoting growing of cigarette strain, and the Yield and qualities improving tobacco leaf is all significant.Select good strains in the field for seed at cigarette and select, its survival rate difference of the cigarette strain of different seedling age is obvious, and within the scope of certain hour, the longer cigarette strain of seedling age is grown more abundant, and resistance also can be better; On transplanting time is selected, if transplant too early, because temperature is lower, cigarette strain poor growth, root system development is bad, easily occurs early blossoming phenomenon, and transplants evening, also likely because day and night temperature strengthens, causes upper tobacco leaf to toast difficulty; In rupture of membranes selection of time, environmental temperature is a factor needing to consider emphatically, and prolonged rupture of membranes can cause cigarette seedling to burn, and reduces survival rate; Equally, the selection of film-uncovering time also grows impact obviously to cigarette strain, and take off film and cross party and cause cigarette strain to be turned green, breeding time postpones, thus unfavorable to the baking in later stage.
From present Research, on traditional film, cigarette plants technology deeply, the Raising strong seedli of cigarette strain can not only improve cigarette strain survival rate, shorten cigarette strain final-period management, reduce seedling cost, also reduce the risk that cigarette strain is caught an illness to a certain extent, thus obtain in production and apply more and more widely, especially more report be there has been to the production practices in Yield in Cold cigarette district to the north of the Yellow River.But for Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South, especially the sunshine time such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian is longer, temperature is higher, under rainfall temperate condition, the report of cigarette strain transplantation technique still rarely has discovery.Therefore, improve the Cultivating techniques of cigarette strain, explore the transplanting nursery new way that adapts to the peculiar growing environment in Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South and the distinctive delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf of local area, improve the Yield and qualities of tobacco leaf, the aromatic style of strengthening delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf, reduce the damage by disease and insect incidence of cigarette strain simultaneously, remain the task that of current leaf tobacco production is very urgent.
Summary of the invention
In order to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of transplanting method promoting faint scent type tobacco to grow.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Promote the transplanting method that faint scent type tobacco is grown, comprise wholely, ridging, transplant, draw seedling, take off membrane process, specifically comprise the following steps:
A, whole: shallow winter breaking in time after previous crop results, before ridging, hack stores entropy, deep ploughs wholely, executes the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, plough under topsoil according to the consumption of 1600 ~ 2400kg/ mu;
B, ridging: by line-spacing 100 ~ 120cm ridging, high 20 ~ the 30cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 75 ~ 95cm, applies composite fertilizer 16 ~ 30kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 35 ~ 45kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 12 ~ 20kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 1 ~ 2kg/ mu, cake fertilizer 15 ~ 25kg/ mu as base fertilizer wall scroll or two bar when ridging;
C, transplanting: the suitable phase of cigarette transplantation of seedlings is that late January is to mid-May, cave is beaten by the spacing in the rows of 45 ~ 55cm before transplanting, wide 10 ~ the 15cm in cave, dark 15 ~ 20cm, the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, support mulch film, apply in cave using composite fertilizer 4 ~ 6kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 3 ~ 5kg/ mu as base manure before transplanting, then will strengthen cigarette transplantation of seedlings, every strain cigarette seedling waters 2 ~ 3kg normal root water, covering film, after planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 10 ~ 15cm;
D, draw seedling: after transplanting 15 ~ 35 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, draw seedling in time, earthing envelope hole;
E, take off film: after transplanting 30 ~ 60 days, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, take off mulch film, carry out immediately earthing up, weeding, to water.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, method for transplanting of the present invention has taken into full account the climatic environment feature of the Main Tobacco-growing Regions In Souths such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian, by transplanting time appropriateness in advance, method for transplanting under binding film, make the whole breeding time of cigarette strain in advance, take full advantage of the distinctive illumination condition in Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South, be conducive to tobacco leaf biomass accumulation, the raising of quality of tobacco.To avoid on Yunnan, the conventional film in Guizhou method for transplanting owing to postponing breeding time, tobacco leaf is received the roasting phase and is focused mostly in rainy season, and illumination reduces thus affects the quality of tobacco leaf; To it also avoid on the conventional film in Fujian method for transplanting owing to postponing breeding time, tobacco leaf is received the roasting phase and is focused mostly in high temperature, high humidity season thus affect the quality of tobacco leaf.
2, fertilizing amount setting and fertilization mode selection on, consider cigarette strain growth in earlier stage, under film, temp. and humidity is higher, soil nutrient decomposes fast, moisture is in liberal supply, is unfavorable for the development of cigarette strain deep layer root system, have adjusted fertilizing amount, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element is set as 1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5, to reduce cigarette strain early ageing.Consider the quick growth of cigarette strain, after root system is flourishing gradually, absorption ability of nutrient strengthens, and for preventing cigarette strain late-maturing, being difficult to normally fall Huang, strictly controlling fertilizing amount, and adopts subregion, applies method by stages, is conducive to soil fertility even.
3, due to the insulation effect of mulch film, well-grown at the temperature that cigarette strain is suitable and stable in film, soil higher temperature can be made full use of early stage in its growth, improve the subenvironment of cigarette strain growth, be conducive to the elongation of cigarette strain root system and the early growth of whole strain cigarette strain.Arrived Later growth then speed slow down, be conducive to the tobacco leaf Huang Cheng that in good time falls ripe.
4, method for transplanting under film of the present invention, the difference of characteristic of can growing according to the difference of the change of cigarette strain growing environment, cigarette strain kind and cigarette strain, select different functional form mulch films, in the earlier growth of cigarette strain, red film, blue film and purple membrane all suitably can improve the rate of development of tobacco leaf, be conducive to the photosynthetic rate that tobacco leaf keeps higher, adjustment tobacco leaf causes the accretion rate of fragrant precursor species, the aromatic style of strengthening delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf.
5, due to the screening effect of mulch film, effectively prevent the damage by disease and insect of cigarette strain, reduce the virus disease incidence of disease of cigarette strain.Intercept soil moisture to atmospheric evaporation, be conducive to the microcirculatory formation of moisture under mulch film, under the effect of the capillary tension formed between soil particle, move outside deep subsoil moisture, be conducive to Topsoil water to increase, improve the availability of soil moisture, reduce pouring number of times.
6, method for transplanting of the present invention is set to 10 ~ 15cm by planting the spacing of rear cigarette seedling top apart from mulch film, take into full account that in mulch film, the globule is to the scattering process of light, have adjusted the photosynthetic intensity of illumination condition between cigarette strain and cigarette strain, be conducive to the eurythmy in tobacco leaf between chemical composition, blade inclusion is enriched, strengthen the easily roasting property of tobacco leaf, improve the quality of tobacco leaf.
7, for the climatic environment feature of Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South, method for transplanting of the present invention will take off film phase appropriateness in advance, avoid under strong sunshine condition early summer burn cigarette seedling in mulch film.Also be conducive to carrying out cultivation and banking to cigarette strain, increase adventive root and the root system total amount of cigarette strain, improve the fertilizer sucting ability of cigarette strain, thus be conducive to outward appearance and the inherent quality of improving tobacco leaf.Take off the time period that film draws seedling and select also to have taken into full account the situation at sunshine of Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South, avoid the excessive temperature difference to cause damage to cigarette seedling.
In sum, method for transplanting of the present invention has taken into full account the growing environment feature of Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South, can effectively promote growing of cigarette strain, improve mode of appearance and the interior quality of tobacco leaf, enhance the aromatic style of delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf, decrease the damage by disease and insect incidence of cigarette strain, reduce cigarette strain planting cost, the optimum period that the tobacco leaf picking phase also helps other crop in advance, interplants, remarkable in economical benefits.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is workflow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the root system accumulation rate of cigarette strain under different transplanting method process;
Fig. 3 is the overground part accumulation rate of cigarette strain under different transplanting method process;
Fig. 4 be under different transplanting method process cigarette strain gather at the end of the mean univalent functions weight of Different sites of leaf.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below, but limited the present invention never in any form, and based on any conversion that training centre of the present invention is done, the present invention all falls into protection scope of the present invention.
The transplanting method that promotion faint scent type tobacco of the present invention is grown comprises wholely, ridging, transplant, draw seedling, take off membrane process, specifically comprises the following steps:
A, whole: shallow winter breaking in time after previous crop results, before ridging, hack stores entropy, deep ploughs wholely, executes the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, plough under topsoil according to the consumption of 1600 ~ 2400kg/ mu;
B, ridging: by line-spacing 100 ~ 120cm ridging, high 20 ~ the 30cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 75 ~ 95cm, applies composite fertilizer 16 ~ 24kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 35 ~ 45kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 12 ~ 20kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 1 ~ 2kg/ mu, cake fertilizer 15 ~ 25kg/ mu as base fertilizer two bar when ridging;
C, transplanting: the suitable phase of cigarette transplantation of seedlings is that late January is to mid-May, cave is beaten by the spacing in the rows of 45 ~ 55cm before transplanting, wide 10 ~ the 15cm in cave, dark 15 ~ 20cm, the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, support mulch film, apply in cave using composite fertilizer 4 ~ 6kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 3 ~ 5kg/ mu as base manure before transplanting, then will strengthen cigarette transplantation of seedlings, every strain cigarette seedling waters 2 ~ 3kg normal root water, covering film, after planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 10 ~ 15cm;
D, draw seedling: after transplanting 15 ~ 35 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, draw seedling in time, earthing envelope hole;
E, take off film: after transplanting 30 ~ 60 days, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, take off mulch film, carry out immediately earthing up, weeding, to water.
The described fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is for compost or barnyard manure.
In described total fertilization amount, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5.
In described total fertilization amount, mu is executed pure nitrogen level and is reduced by 0.5 ~ 0.8kg than conventional cultivation;
Described wall scroll applies to refer to opens 15cm deeply at transplanting cigarette interline, applies after the bar ditch that 10cm is wide; Two bar applies and refers to transplanting the capable 8 ~ 12cm place, both sides of cigarette, opens the ditch that 10 ~ 15cm is dark, will apply after fertilising mixes.
Described strong cigarette seedling refers to the seedling age cigarette seedling of 40 ~ 60 days.
The strong cigarette seedling of described 40 ~ 60 days has 6 true leaves.
Described beat cave after, weed killer herbicide can be applied by the consumption of 130 ~ 260ml/ mu.
Described weed killer herbicide is napropamide.
After described transplanting, insecticide can be applied by the consumption of 275 ~ 330L/ mu.
Described insecticide is 10% Permanone, 2500 times of liquid medicines.
Described mulch film is wide 90 ~ 110cm, the polyethylene film of thick 0.003 ~ 0.005mm, polychloroethylene film or ethene-vinyl acetate copolymer membrane.
Described mulch film is colourless mulch film or without any one in colour band mulch film alternate with color band.
The color of described mulch film or the color of color band are red, blue or purple.
Described covering film, the mode of transplanting limit, preferred limit overlay film, mulch film requires tensioning, periphery compacting.
Within after described covering film 8 ~ 12 days, rise, can beat the ventilation hole of at least one diameter 0.5 ~ 0.8cm at seedling cave sidepiece, the growing state after this according to cigarette seedling takes the circumstances into consideration the quantity increasing ventilation hole.
Described to draw when seedling is the morning 8 ~ 10 or afternoon 5 ~ 7 time be advisable.
Described film of taking off is that be advisable by sunny period day after day for weather.
Take off all later control measures of film with conventional land for growing field crops.
Embodiment 1
---cigarette transplantation of seedlings
Experiment place: tobacco agriculture Science Institute official small stream base, Fujian Province.
A, whole: shallow winter breaking in time after previous crop results, before ridging, hack stores entropy, deep ploughs wholely, according to the consumption manuring of 1600kg/ mu, ploughs under topsoil.
B, ridging: by line-spacing 100cm ridging, ridge height 20cm, ridge bottom width 75cm, using composite fertilizer 30kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 35kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 12kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 1kg/ mu, cake fertilizer 15kg/ mu as base fertilizer, transplanting the capable 8cm place, both sides of cigarette, open the ditch that 10cm is dark, will apply after fertilising mixes.
C, transplanting: the suitable phase of cigarette transplantation of seedlings is early Febuary, beat cave by the spacing in the rows of 50cm, the wide 10cm in cave, dark 15cm before transplanting, and the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, supports mulch film.Napropamide weed killer herbicide is applied by the consumption of 130ml/ mu after beating cave.Apply in cave using composite fertilizer 4kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 3kg/ mu as base manure before transplanting, then by the seedling age strong cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 40 days, every strain cigarette seedling waters 2kg normal root water, applies 10% Permanone, 2500 times of liquid medicine insecticides by the consumption of 275L/ mu.Transplanting limit, limit will be overlying on cigarette seedling in the alternate mulch film of color band of wide 90cm, thick 0.003mm, and after planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 10cm, and mulch film requires tensioning, periphery compacting.
D, draw seedling: from the 8th after covering film day, make a call to the ventilation hole of a diameter 0.5cm at seedling cave sidepiece, the growing state after this according to cigarette seedling takes the circumstances into consideration the quantity increasing ventilation hole.Transplant latter 35 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, fine period select one day in the morning 9 time about draw film and draw seedling, earthing envelope hole.
E, take off film: transplant latter 50 days, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, select within one day, take off mulch film in fine period, carry out immediately earthing up, weeding, to water, all later control measures are with conventional land for growing field crops.
Embodiment 2
---cigarette transplantation of seedlings
Experiment place: Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science grinds and base.
A, whole: shallow winter breaking in time after previous crop results, before ridging, hack stores entropy, deep ploughs wholely, according to the consumption compost of 2000kg/ mu, ploughs under topsoil.
B, ridging: by line-spacing 110cm ridging, ridge height 25cm, ridge bottom width 85cm, using composite fertilizer 20kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 40kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 16kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 1.5kg/ mu, cake fertilizer 20kg/ mu as base fertilizer, transplanting the capable 10cm place, both sides of cigarette, open the ditch that 12cm is dark, will apply after fertilising mixes.
C, transplanting: the suitable phase of cigarette transplantation of seedlings is mid-April, beat cave by the spacing in the rows of 50cm, the wide 12cm in cave, dark 18cm before transplanting, and the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, supports mulch film.Napropamide weed killer herbicide is applied by the consumption of 260ml/ mu after beating cave.Apply in cave using composite fertilizer 5kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 4kg/ mu as base manure before transplanting, then by the seedling age strong cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 50 days, every strain cigarette seedling waters 2.5kg normal root water, applies 10% Permanone, 2500 times of liquid medicine insecticides by the consumption of 330L/ mu.Blue for the polyvinyl chloride of wide 100cm, thick 0.004mm light modulation film is overlying on cigarette seedling by transplanting limit, limit, and after planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 12cm, and mulch film requires tensioning, periphery compacting.
D, draw seedling: from the 10th after covering film day, make a call to the ventilation hole of a diameter 0.6cm at seedling cave sidepiece, the growing state after this according to cigarette seedling takes the circumstances into consideration the quantity increasing ventilation hole.Transplant latter 20 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, fine period select one day in afternoon 6 time about draw film and draw seedling, earthing envelope hole.
E, take off film: transplant latter 35 days, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, select within one day, take off mulch film in fine period, carry out immediately earthing up, weeding, to water, all later control measures are with conventional land for growing field crops.
Embodiment 3
---cigarette transplantation of seedlings
Experiment place: Meng Xian township of Ning Er county, Puer City.
A, whole: shallow winter breaking in time after previous crop results, before ridging, hack stores entropy, deep ploughs wholely, according to the consumption manuring of 2400kg/ mu, ploughs under topsoil.
B, ridging: by line-spacing 120cm ridging, ridge height 30cm, ridge bottom width 95cm, using composite fertilizer 24kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 45kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 20kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 2kg/ mu, cake fertilizer 25kg/ mu as base fertilizer, transplanting the capable 12cm place, both sides of cigarette, open the ditch that 15cm is dark, will apply after fertilising mixes.
C, transplanting: the suitable phase of cigarette transplantation of seedlings is late April, beat cave by the spacing in the rows of 55cm, the wide 15cm in cave, dark 20cm before transplanting, and the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, supports mulch film.Napropamide weed killer herbicide is applied by the consumption of 150ml/ mu after beating cave.Apply in cave using composite fertilizer 6kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 5kg/ mu as base manure before transplanting, then by the seedling age strong cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 60 days, every strain cigarette seedling waters 3kg normal root water, applies 10% Permanone, 2500 times of liquid medicine insecticides by the consumption of 300L/ mu.The ethene-vinyl acetate copolymerization purple light modulation film of wide 110cm, thick 0.005mm is overlying on cigarette seedling by transplanting limit, limit, and after planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 15cm, and mulch film requires tensioning, periphery compacting.
D, draw seedling: from the 12nd after covering film day, make a call to the ventilation hole of a diameter 0.8cm at seedling cave sidepiece, the growing state after this according to cigarette seedling takes the circumstances into consideration the quantity increasing ventilation hole.Transplant latter 25 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, fine period select one day in afternoon 7 time about draw film and draw seedling, earthing envelope hole.
E, take off film: transplant latter 40 days, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, select within one day, take off mulch film in fine period, carry out immediately earthing up, weeding, to water, all later control measures are with conventional land for growing field crops.
Embodiment 4
---the impact that different transplanting method grows on cigarette strain
Experimental technique: experiment kind adopts local main breed " dark green No. 1 ", carries out year July in October, 2010 ~ 2011 in tobacco agriculture Science Institute official small stream base, Fujian Province.Experiment field soil pH 5.52, organic 16.6 mg/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content is 77.56 mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 22.83 mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 64.65 mg/kg.2 process are established in experiment altogether, repeat 4 times.
T
1---the transplanting method of embodiment 1.
T
2---method of contrast.After whole furrow, first lid mulch film.Cave is beaten with transplantation device by 50 cm spacing in the rows, wide 10 cm in cave, dark 15 cm during transplanting.After transplanting cigarette seedling enters cave, the cigarette seedling degree of depth is identical with embodiment 1.
October 28 was sowed, and February 3 next year transplants.Often process plantation 48 strain, repeat 3 times, except experiment process difference, all the other field management are with reference to High Quality Tobacco production decision in current year's production.
Observation project: before transplanting, plum blossom point gets plow layer (about 0 ~ 30 cm) soil sample, air-dry rear mensuration nutrient content.After transplanting, 3 strains are got in the 21 every communities of d(respectively), the 42 every communities of d(get 2 strains), cigarette strain group (after transplanting 70 d, 1 strain is got in every community), cigarette strain budding (after transplanting 98 d), 119 d, 144 d and at the end of gathering, carry out whole strain sampling; Before group, cigarette strain is divided into root, stem, leaf, measures after fresh weight respectively, dry, then measure dry weight; Sample when buddingging, after measuring the fresh weight of every 1 blade, root and stem, dry, then measure dry weight; Take the strain of sample cigarette eventually, first cigarette strain blade is divided into upper leaf, middle leaf, inferior leads, tobacco rod, samples during last sampling with adopting with ripe by tobacco leaf together with root, after taking fresh weight, after dried, claim its dry weight.
Experimental result:
(1) different transplanting method is on the impact of cigarette strain different parts biomass accumulation
As seen from Table 1, the cigarette strain root biomass of method for transplanting process of the present invention is accumulated in whole process of growth and is all greater than contrast experiment's method.Method for transplanting of the present invention was when transplanting 21 days, and root biomass is 1.39 times of contrast experiment's method; When transplanting 42 days, gap is 1.09 times, cigarette strain group and be respectively 1.27 times and 1.06 times when buddingging; It is 1.23 times at the end of cigarette strain is gathered.
the different transplanting method of table 1 affects unit to root dry weight: g/ strain
As seen from Table 2, in cigarette strain breeding time of method for transplanting process of the present invention, the upperground part biomass is accumulated in whole process of growth and is all greater than contrast experiment's method.Method for transplanting of the present invention was when transplanting 21 days, and the upperground part biomass is 1.22 times of contrast experiment's method; When transplanting 42 days, gap expands as 1.13 times further, is respectively 1.18 times during cigarette strain group; Thereafter until at the end of gathering to cigarette strain, method for transplanting the upperground part biomass of the present invention is a little more than duo-trio test.
what the different transplanting method of table 2 weighed stem affects unit: g/ strain
As seen from Table 3, the cigarette strain whole strain biomass accumulation of method for transplanting process of the present invention in whole process of growth all higher than contrast experiment's method.Method for transplanting of the present invention was when transplanting 21 days, and whole strain biomass is 1.24 times of contrast experiment's method; When transplanting 42 days, gap expands as 1.12 times further, cigarette strain group and be respectively 1.20 times and 1.05 times when buddingging; 1.09 times are still had, still a little higher than contrast experiment's method at the end of cigarette strain is gathered.
the whole strain dry weight comparative unit of the different transplanting method of table 3: g/ strain
(2) different transplanting method is on the impact of cigarette strain different parts accumulation rate
As seen from Figure 2, the cigarette strain root biomass accumulation rate of method for transplanting process of the present invention is all greater than contrast experiment's method within whole breeding time.Illustrate that method for transplanting of the present invention effectively can promote the Rapid Accumulation of cigarette strain root biomass.
As seen from Figure 3, cigarette strain the upperground part biomass accumulation rate of method for transplanting process of the present invention be greater than contrast experiment's method or with contrast experiment's method.This is because method for transplanting of the present invention takes full advantage of ground temperature in transplanting early stage, improve the temperature of cigarette strain individual growth environment, and then improve the growth rate in cigarette strain early stage; Cigarette strain Later growth, cigarette strain comes to the ripening period, and cigarette strain biomass accumulation speed slows down, and the Huang Cheng that in good time falls being conducive to tobacco leaf is ripe, is conducive to the formation of quality of tobacco.
The Huang Cheng that in good time falls that method for transplanting of the present invention is conducive to tobacco leaf is ripe, makes adopting the roasting time, rising batch time and all can obtain Effective Regulation of tobacco leaf.
(3) different transplanting method cigarette strain is gathered at the end of the heavy impact of Different sites of leaf mean univalent functions
As seen from Figure 4, at the end of cigarette strain is gathered, the equal comparison of cigarette strain Different sites of leaf biomass of method for transplanting process of the present invention is higher than experimental method.Wherein, inferior leads improves 28.41%, and middle part improves 35.42%, and upper leaf improves 10.25%.Illustrate that method for transplanting of the present invention is to the weight per leaf successful improving different parts, particularly more obvious to the raising effect of inferior leads weight per leaf, be conducive to improving lower tobacco leaf identity, to raising Quality of Lower Stalk Position, there is obvious effect.
In sum, method for transplanting of the present invention can make full use of soil higher temperature in early stage, improve cigarette strain individual growth environment, be conducive to the elongation of cigarette strain root system and whole strain cigarette strain early growth, improve biomass accumulation, cigarette strain Later growth then speed slow down, be conducive to the tobacco leaf Huang Cheng that in good time falls ripe.When pinching, the cigarette strain blade mean univalent functions weight of method for transplanting process of the present invention and whole strain Leaf biomass are all apparently higher than contrast experiment's method.At the end of cigarette strain is gathered, the cigarette strain different parts tobacco leaf mean univalent functions weight average of method for transplanting process of the present invention is apparently higher than contrast experiment's method, particularly inferior leads and difference is particularly evident, can significantly improve inferior leads identity, effectively improves the quality of lower tobacco leaf.
Claims (8)
1. promote that the transplanting method that Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South faint scent type tobacco is grown, described Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South are Yunnan, Guizhou, northwestern Fujian, transplanting method comprise wholely, ridging, transplant, draw seedling, take off membrane process, it is characterized in that above-mentioned steps is specially:
A, whole: shallow winter breaking in time after previous crop results, before ridging, hack stores entropy, deep ploughs wholely, executes the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, plough under topsoil according to the consumption of 1600 ~ 2400kg/ mu;
B, ridging: by line-spacing 100 ~ 120cm ridging, high 20 ~ the 30cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 75 ~ 95cm, applies composite fertilizer 16 ~ 24kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer 35 ~ 45kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 12 ~ 20kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 1 ~ 2kg/ mu, cake fertilizer 15 ~ 25kg/ mu as base fertilizer wall scroll or two bar when ridging; Described wall scroll applies to refer to opens 15cm deeply at transplanting cigarette interline, applies after the bar ditch that 10cm is wide; Two bar applies and refers to transplanting the capable 8 ~ 12cm place, both sides of cigarette, opens the ditch that 10 ~ 15cm is dark, will apply after fertilising mixes;
C, transplanting: the suitable phase of cigarette transplantation of seedlings is that late January is to mid-May, cave is beaten by the spacing in the rows of 45 ~ 55cm before transplanting, wide 10 ~ the 15cm in cave, dark 15 ~ 20cm, the soil dug out in cave is placed in top, ridge, support mulch film, apply in cave using composite fertilizer 4 ~ 6kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 3 ~ 5kg/ mu as base manure before transplanting, then will strengthen cigarette transplantation of seedlings, every strain cigarette seedling waters 2 ~ 3kg normal root water, cover without the colour band mulch film alternate with color band, color band color is the one in redness, blueness or purple; After planting, cigarette seedling top is apart from mulch film 10 ~ 15cm;
Above-mentioned A, B, C tri-step the nitrogen of total fertilization amount, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 1 ~ 1.5:1.5 ~ 2.5:2.5 ~ 3.5 altogether;
D, draw seedling: after transplanting 15 ~ 35 days, during cigarette seedling top teleblem, draw seedling in time, earthing envelope hole;
E, take off film: after transplanting 30 ~ 60 days, when cigarette strain enters prosperous long mid-term, take off mulch film, carry out immediately earthing up, weeding, to water.
2. transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, becoming thoroughly decomposed fertile described in it is characterized in that is compost.
3. transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, also comprises after beating cave and apply weed killer herbicide by the consumption of 130 ~ 260ml/ mu described in it is characterized in that; After described transplanting, apply insecticide by the consumption of 275 ~ 330L/ mu.
4. transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described mulch film is wide 90 ~ 110cm, the polyethylene film of thick 0.003 ~ 0.005mm, polychloroethylene film or ethene-vinyl acetate copolymer membrane.
5. transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described covering film is the mode of transplanting limit, limit overlay film, and mulch film requires tensioning, periphery compacting.
6. transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, rises, beats the ventilation hole of at least one diameter 0.5 ~ 0.8cm at seedling cave sidepiece for after it is characterized in that described covering film 8 ~ 12 days.
7. transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, to draw described in it is characterized in that when seedling is the morning 8 ~ 10 or afternoon 5 ~ 7 time carry out.
8. transplanting method as claimed in claim 1, taking off film described in it is characterized in that is that carry out by sunny period day after day for weather.
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| CN104272962B (en) * | 2014-10-25 | 2016-04-20 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | The determination methods of a kind of delicate fragrance type producing region tobacco leaf grown in field time |
| CN104365329B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-04-05 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | A kind of autumn sends out the plantation of the big gold dollar of safflower and field management method on mountain red earth |
| CN108293814A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-07-20 | 河南在田农业科技有限公司 | One grows tobacco rich water medicine integrated management method |
| CN106717905A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of method for optimizing the cigarette strain growth and development dynamics of flue-cured tobacco cultivars Guangdong cigarette 97 |
| CN106613204A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-05-10 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Method for optimizing agronomic trait of flue-cured tobacco variety Guangdong tobacco 98 tobacco plant |
| CN108207161B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2020-06-12 | 中国烟草总公司河南省公司 | Tobacco field in-situ soil loosening, nutrient promoting and synergistic cultivation method |
| CN108432585A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-08-24 | 南平市烟草公司建阳分公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco transplanting method |
| CN109328527A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-02-15 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of gradually Root growth method of high effect culture tobacco root |
| CN111887119A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-06 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for transplanting tobacco seedlings in high-altitude mountain area |
| CN113213996B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-18 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Root promoting agent for promoting growth of cigar root system and preparation and use methods thereof |
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