Crops live broadcasting method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, specifically, be a kind of crops journeys without culturing and transplanting seedlings
Sequence, and reach a kind of live broadcasting method of culturing and transplanting seedlings standard, it is particularly suitable for vegetable, melon and fruit, forestry, medical material, flowers, grain etc.
Dry-land crops seedling growth.
Background technology
Crop seeds (germinate or do not germinate) directly point (broadcasting) is entered in the most whole furrow well, at temperature, water by live referring to
Part and the common effect of oxygen under promote germination, emerge, grow.Owing to soil type is different, moisture content, fertilising and farming skill
The factors such as art management, live often occur emerging irregular, to lack ridge, resistance poor, manage to crops seedling stage growth and later stage field
It is unfavorable to manage.
The seedling transplanting technique promoted at present refers to the Nutrition Soil prepared to load in container for plant growth, is then broadcast by seed
Allow in entering it germination, emerge, grow, be then transplanted to land for growing field crops.This technological merit is easy for concentrating seedling management, and seedling is raw
Long consistent, quality is good, grown in field neat and consistent.But owing to nutritive cube (hole tray) volume is little, young root is agglomerating is wound on a pile, does not stretches
Exhibition, particularly main root or two grades of roots often stretch out from water hole, bottom and penetrate alms bowl in seedling bed earth, all pull apart, root during lifting
System's damage is big, is easily invaded by soil-borne disease bacterium, causes premunition to decline.Add labor intensity and production cost simultaneously, be unfavorable for
Swing sowing in season.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is not by nursery link, seed is directly sown into land for growing field crops, had both reached the Miao Qimiao of seedling transplanting technique
Strong feature, saves labor cost the most in a large number, facilitates large area to swing kind.It is particularly suitable for the vegetable of facility cultivation, melon and portion
Divide the dry crops such as grain, medical material, flowers.
Crops live broadcasting method of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) punching: punch on smooth good furrow soil;
(2) filler: Nutrition Soil or seedling medium are put into hole, compacting, it is filled to flush with furrow soil;
(3) sowing: sow in filler.
Wherein step (1) is according to the density specification of planted crop, with 3-5 centimetre of hollow iron pipe or 30#, 40#, 50# plastics
Water pipe (long 15-20 centimetre), punch 8-10 centimetre deep, or with Cotton Gossypii move the root and stem of certain plants device punching, earth in hole is taken out.As taked under film
Drip irrigation, completes dropper and covers mulch film, punches on mulch film, degree of depth 8-10 centimetre.
Substrate is mixed thoroughly, with clear water damping to " holding agglomerating, that loses is the most scattered " when step (2) uses commodity seedling medium
Degree, cover film and prewet 8-10 hour.
Described in step (2), Nutrition Soil is with weight portion number scale, including following component:
Rice soil or vegetable garden soil (as vegetable garden soil must avoid the earth that uses front stubble identical) 100-130 part, pig of becoming thoroughly decomposed
Or cattle manure 50-65 part, fermentating rapeseed cake 0.3-0.7 part, carbendazol wettable powder 0.1-0.2 part of concentration 40-50%.
Described Nutrition Soil can also include S-based compound fertilizer 0.1-0.5 part.
Wherein said S-based compound fertilizer is preferably the compound fertilizer of diatomite modified, and wherein S-based compound fertilizer is with diatomaceous
Ratio is (5-9): 1.Wherein said kieselguhr is modified preferably with following method: by kieselguhr under 400-500 degree high temperature
After roasting 1-2 hour, it is cooled to room temperature, then by (2-3): 1 liquid-solid mass ratio adds water, and concentration is the sulfur of 65-70%
Acid, after under 90-100 degree, stirring is reacted 2-3 hour, washes with water, filters, and dries;Wherein said sulphuric acid and the mass ratio of water
For (2-5): 1.
The preparation method of described Nutrition Soil is as follows: the mixing of each component is mixed all, is adjusted to water content 60 ~ 70%, epiphragma heap with water
Macerate 7 ~ 10 days.
When wherein using dry seed live in step (3), clamping seed gently with thumb and forefinger, little finger of toe is downwards at filler
Take advantage of a situation and make a call to 0.5 ~ 0.6 centimetre of Fine and Deep Hole, seed is kept flat in a hole, then covers seed with Nutrition Soil;Use and germinate
During seed sowing, press deep 0.5 ~ 0.6 centimetre of aperture with tweezers, seed kept flat, radicle down, then by nutrition earth mulch kind.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: (1) is loose, ventilative, fertile because seed and Seedling Stage are in, the environment of water conservation
In, to prick under radicle, root system stretches, and emerges neat, robust growth, strong stress resistance;(2) transplanting operation, saving of labor, laborsaving, province are removed from
Cost;(3) not having direct soil at rhizome, soil-borne disease substantially alleviates: (4) favourable large area swings kind, is particularly suitable for facility
Cultivation;(5) being conducive to plant bud differentiation, effect of increasing production is obvious;(6) relatively culturing and transplanting seedlings, ahead of time harvest time.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of Nutrition Soil: take rice soil 120 kg, decomposed cow dung 60 kilograms, fermentating rapeseed cake 0.5 kilogram, bacterium more than 50%
Spirit wettable powder 0.1 kilogram, S-based compound fertilizer 0.1 kilogram, it is mixed and mixes all, be adjusted to water content 60 ~ 70%, epiphragma with water
Compost 7 ~ 10 days is standby.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of Nutrition Soil: take rice soil 120 kg, decomposed cow dung 60 kilograms, fermentating rapeseed cake 0.5 kilogram, bacterium more than 50%
Spirit wettable powder 0.1 kilogram, diatomite modified S-based compound fertilizer 0.1 kilogram (S-based compound fertilizer and diatomaceous part by weight
For 7:1), it is mixed and mixes all, be adjusted to water content 60 ~ 70% with water, epiphragma compost 7 ~ 10 days is standby.Used by S-based compound fertilizer
Diatomaceous method of modifying is: kieselguhr after roasting 1-2 hour, is cooled to room temperature, then is pressed under 400-500 degree high temperature
The liquid-solid mass ratio of 3:1 adds water, and concentration is the sulphuric acid of 65-70%, after stirring is reacted 2-3 hour under 90-100 degree, uses water
Washing, filters, and dries;Wherein said sulphuric acid is 3:1 with the mass ratio of water.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of Nutrition Soil: take vegetable garden soil 120 kg, become thoroughly decomposed pig manure 50 kilograms, fermentating rapeseed cake 0.6 kilogram, bacterium more than 50%
Spirit wettable powder 0.15 kilogram, S-based compound fertilizer 0.15 kilogram, it is mixed and mixes all, be adjusted to water content 60 ~ 70% with water, lid
Membrane stack macerate 7 ~ 10 days standby.
Embodiment 4
The preparation of Nutrition Soil: take vegetable garden soil 120 kg, become thoroughly decomposed pig manure 50 kilograms, fermentating rapeseed cake 0.6 kilogram, bacterium more than 50%
Spirit wettable powder 0.15 kilogram, diatomite modified S-based compound fertilizer 0.15 kilogram (S-based compound fertilizer and diatomaceous weight ratio
Example is 7:1), it is mixed and mixes all, be adjusted to water content 60 ~ 70% with water, epiphragma compost 7 ~ 10 days is standby.Institute in S-based compound fertilizer
With diatomaceous method of modifying it is: kieselguhr after roasting 1-2 hour, is cooled to room temperature under 400-500 degree high temperature, then
Add water by the liquid-solid mass ratio of 3:1, and concentration is the sulphuric acid of 65-70%, after stirring is reacted 2-3 hour under 90-100 degree, use
Water washs, and filters, and dries;Wherein said sulphuric acid is 4:1 with the mass ratio of water.
Embodiment 5
The preparation of Nutrition Soil: take rice soil 120 kg, become thoroughly decomposed pig manure 70 kilograms, fermentating rapeseed cake 0.7 kilogram, bacterium more than 50%
Spirit wettable powder 0.2 kilogram, mixing is mixed all, is adjusted to 60 ~ 70% water content epiphragma compost 7 ~ 10 days with water standby.
The live broadcasting method of example 6 below-embodiment 9, comprises the steps:
(1) punching: according to the density specification of planted crop, punch on smooth good furrow soil with 3-5 centimetre of hollow iron pipe
8-10 centimetre deep.
(2) filler: the modulated Nutrition Soil made is put into hole, is compacted gently, is filled to flush with furrow soil.
(3) sowing: dry seed is live, clamps seed gently with thumb and forefinger, and little finger of toe is taken advantage of a situation downwards in the position putting Nutrition Soil
Put and make a call to 0.5 centimetre of Fine and Deep Hole, seed is kept flat in a hole, then covers seed with Nutrition Soil.
Embodiment 6: different seedling raising manners Contrast on effects on netted melon
(1) material to be tested
Test and carried out in Hengyang City of hengyang, hunan province county modern agriculture Demonstration Garden in 2009, test reticulate pattern melon variety
For emerald green honey, sowing date is on July 25th, 2009.
(2) EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
This test is Piglet s colibacillosis, if four process: processing an employing direct seeding technique of the present invention, filler uses to be implemented
Nutrition Soil in example 1;Processing two employing direct seeding techniques of the present invention, filler uses the Nutrition Soil in embodiment 2;Often process three employings
Rule direct seeding technique;Process the mode of four employing culturing and transplanting seedlings.After planting observe the character such as seedling stage, receipts phase beginning, resistance, and
Yield is measured during results.
(3) result and analysis
As shown in table 1, the seeding stage of direct-seeding of the present invention improves 1-2 days than conventional direct-seeding, and receipts phase beginning also does sth. in advance 1
My god, the beginning of transplanting method receives the phase and takes about 3 days evening.The Fructus Melo good stress resistance of direct-seeding of the present invention, does not has dead pocket phenomenon to occur,
And other two ways occur in that the dead root and stem of certain plants of blight dis-ease in various degree, ratio reach 3.5%-5.0%.The yield of different seedling raising mannerses
Differing greatly, the per mu yield of direct seeding technique of the present invention reaches 2420-2440kg, and conventional live yield only has 1960kg every mu,
Yield amplification reaches 13.5%, and the yield of transplanting is 2210kg every mu.
The different seedling raising manners Contrast on effect on Fructus Melo of table 1
Embodiment 7: different seedling raising manners Contrast on effects on Fructus Cucumidis sativi Tianjin excellent 35
(1) material to be tested
Testing and carried out in Hengyang City of hengyang, hunan province county modern agriculture Demonstration Garden in 2010, test cucumber variety is Tianjin
Excellent 35, sowing date is JIUYUE in 2010 10.
(2) EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Use the Nutrition Soil of embodiment 1.
(3) result and analysis
As shown in Table 2, direct-seeding of the present invention is emerged than conventional direct-seeding for 2 days in advance, and receipts phase beginning carries than culturing and transplanting seedlings
Early about 5 days.The Fructus Cucumidis sativi good stress resistance of direct-seeding of the present invention, does not occur lacking ridge present, and conventional direct-seeding lacks ridge ratio
Example reaches 6.6%.The per mu yield of direct seeding technique of the present invention is the highest, reaches 3560kg, and conventional live yield only has 2820kg every mu,
The yield transplanted is 3250kg every mu, and yield amplification is respectively 26.2% and 9.5%.
The different seedling raising manners Contrast on effect on Fructus Cucumidis sativi of table 2
Embodiment 8: different seedling raising manners Contrast on effects on Fructus Cucumidis sativi
(1) material to be tested
Testing and carried out in Samsung village of hornberg township, Shigu District, hengyang, hunan province city in 2011, test cucumber variety is Tianjin excellent
Number, sowing date is JIUYUE in 2011 2.
(2) EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
This test is Piglet s colibacillosis, if four process: processing an employing direct seeding technique of the present invention, filler uses to be implemented
Nutrition Soil in example 3;Processing two employing direct seeding techniques of the present invention, filler uses the Nutrition Soil in embodiment 4;Often process three employings
Rule direct seeding technique;Process the mode of four employing culturing and transplanting seedlings.After planting observe the character such as seedling stage, receipts phase beginning, resistance, and
Yield is measured during results.
(3) result and analysis
Table 3 shows, different seedling raising manners differences on excellent No. one of cucumber variety Tianjin do not have Tianjin excellent 35 big, but effect is still
Obvious.Direct-seeding of the present invention is emerged for 2 days in advance, and receipts phase beginning does sth. in advance about 1 day.Conventional direct-seeding lacks ridge ratio and reaches
Being 1.2%, all there is not scarce ridge in direct seeding technique of the present invention and transplanting.Direct seeding technique per mu yield of the present invention reaches 2870-2885kg, often
Advising live yield is 2620kg every mu, and the yield of transplanting is 2750kg every mu.
The different seedling raising manners Contrast on effect on Fructus Cucumidis sativi of table 3
Embodiment 9: different seedling raising manners Contrast on effects on fruit type Gherkin
(1) material to be tested
Test and carried out in Samsung village of hornberg township, Shigu District, hengyang, hunan province city in 2012, test cucumber variety be the summer it
Light, is JIUYUE in 2012 16 sowing date.
(2) EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Filler uses the Nutrition Soil in embodiment 5.
(3) result and analysis
Result shows, different seedling raising mannerses are little compared with the difference of other kinds in the difference of Gherkin, but the live skill of the present invention
The yield of art is higher, and per mu yield reaches 3230kg, and conventional live yield is 2910kg every mu, and amplification is 11.0%.
The different seedling raising manners Contrast on effect on Gherkin of table 4
Above example 6-embodiment 9 shows, the present invention ensure that rice shoot is emerged quality, promotes plant strain growth, improves
Crop anti-adversity, finally improves crop yield.Convenient and swift, save labor, increase production and improve productivity.
The principle that the present invention is simply described described in above-described embodiment and description, without departing from present invention spirit and model
On the premise of enclosing, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements both fall within claimed invention model
In enclosing.