CN104642039A - Blueberry plant culture method - Google Patents

Blueberry plant culture method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104642039A
CN104642039A CN201510054414.7A CN201510054414A CN104642039A CN 104642039 A CN104642039 A CN 104642039A CN 201510054414 A CN201510054414 A CN 201510054414A CN 104642039 A CN104642039 A CN 104642039A
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China
Prior art keywords
blueberry
scion
stock
grafting
scions
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CN201510054414.7A
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CN104642039B (en
Inventor
肖家欣
樊基胜
黄文江
张春龙
刘晓敏
许庆龙
李晴晴
张红
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Anhui Normal University
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Anhui Normal University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a blueberry plant culture method, which comprises the following steps of (1) tree stock and scion selection: a plurality of blueberry scions and a plurality of blueberry tree stocks with a plurality of main branches are selected; (2) temporary planting: the blueberry scions are subjected to winter temporary planting; (3) cut grafting: the blueberry scions after the temporary planting are subjected to top grafting onto the blueberry tree stocks; (4) nesting: coverings are nested on the blueberry scions subjected to the top grafting onto the blueberry tree stocks. Through the design, the proper blueberry tree stocks and the blueberry scions are selected, then, the blueberry scions are subjected to winter temporary planting, the blueberry scions subjected to temporary planting is subjected to top grafting onto the blueberry tree stocks after a certain period, further, blueberry plants cultured by the method can be selected as proper blueberry varieties according to practical conditions, in addition, the blueberry plants can blossom and bear fruits in the next year, the growth time for planting the blueberry plants again is greatly shortened, and the effects of saving the time, saving the labor and shortening the growth period are realized.

Description

The breeding method of blueberry plant
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breezing and producing method of agriculture plants, particularly, relate to the breeding method of a kind of blueberry plant.
Background technology
Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is Ericaceae Vaccinium fruit shrubs.Blueberry united state health organization is classified as the fruit that best nutritional is worth, and is chosen as the large brain-care foods in the world ten by the U.S. simultaneously, is classified as one of large healthy food of the mankind five, is called " king of world's fruit " by international food and agricultural organization.The domesticating and cultivating history of blueberry is not long, and 15 kinds selected are carried out commerciality in nineteen thirty-seven and carried training, countries in the world competitively introducing and planting afterwards by the U.S..Various countries have carried out the blueberry research and cultivation work with national characteristic according to the climatic characteristic of oneself and resources advantage.Some developed countries have been classified as universal blueberry a kind of measure of fitness-for-all guarantee, so the social required quantity of blueberry increases rapidly, output breach grows with each passing day.The blueberry kind of China is mainly derived from the U.S. and Japan, has now introduced the kind more than 100 of various places, suitable China north and south plantation, has cultivated under being adapted at national each weather conditions.In The Low Mountain-hill Region on the south China the Changjiang river, the adaptability of the part kind of Vaccinium ashei and Nan Gao clump blueberry is better, and quality is more excellent.
But carry out in various places in blueberry introducing and planting process, some kind is better to the adaptability of the conditions such as local soil, weather, and Growth status is good, but fruit quality is unsatisfactory.Run into this kind of situation, conventional method is excavated by original blueberry plant, and the blueberry kind of then again planting new again, not only wastes time and energy, and the blueberry of new plantation to need again the time of 4-5 could be formed good tree-like, bring great trouble to large batch of plantation undoubtedly.
Therefore, provide a kind of can quick-replaceable blueberry kind, time saving and energy saving and survival rate is high, and can to yield positive results and the breeding method reaching the blueberry plant of good output capacity is the problem that the present invention needs solution badly at Second Year.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, the object of the invention is to overcome in prior art change after blueberry need be excavated by blueberry kind and again plant, waste time and energy and the longer problem of growth cycle, thus a kind of energy quick-replaceable blueberry kind is provided, time saving and energy saving and survival rate is high, and can yield positive results at Second Year and reach the breeding method of the blueberry plant of good output capacity.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides the breeding method of a kind of blueberry plant, wherein, described method comprises:
(1) selection of stock and scion: select blueberry stock and the scion of Duo Gen blueberry with many major branches;
(2) heel in: blueberry scion is survived the winter and heels in;
(3) cut-grafting: the blueberry scion high grafting after described heeling in is changed and plants on blueberry stock;
(4) fit: overcover is sheathed on obtained blueberry plant in the blueberry scion after described cut-grafting.
Preferably, the method heeled in of surviving the winter in step (2) comprises and blueberry scion is placed in culture matrix heels in, and described in the environmental temperature heeled in be 0-7 DEG C, the humidity of culture matrix is 60-80%.
Preferably, described culture matrix is one or more in river sand, ash, wood chip and yellow sand.
Preferably, the cut-grafting step in step (3) also comprises:
(A) on the major branch of blueberry stock, offer the otch extending to xylem, and the acute angle formed between the extended surface of described otch and described major branch axis is 20-50 °;
(B) blueberry scion bottom is cut into the wedge shape inserted block with two cutting faces;
(C) the wedge shape inserted block of blueberry scion is inserted in the otch of blueberry stock, and two cutting faces of described wedge shape inserted block are agreed with mutually with the tangent plane of the both sides of described otch respectively;
(D) interface of blueberry stock and blueberry scion is wrapped up.
Preferably, the distance on the distance ground, top of major branch described in step (A) is 20-50cm.
Preferably, the length of terminal bud in the same side and along described blueberry scion axial direction of one of them and the described blueberry scion in two cutting faces of wedge shape inserted block is 2-5cm in step (B), and another is the terminal bud of described blueberry scion and the length along described blueberry scion axial direction is 1-3cm dorsad.
Preferably, the operating time of step (3) is 2-5 month.
Preferably, the Shoot number of blueberry stock described in step (1) is 3-5, and in described blueberry scion, the number of bud is 2-5.
Preferably, described in step (4), overcover is transparent closure, and the fit time is 10-30 days.
Preferably, described method is also included in blueberry scion high grafting and changes kind of the descendant survived on rear removal blueberry stock.
Pass through technique scheme, the present invention is by selecting suitable blueberry stock and blueberry scion, then blueberry scion is carried out surviving the winter heeling in, blueberry scion high grafting after heeling in changed kind on blueberry stock until certain period, and then make the blueberry plant cultivated by this method can select suitable blueberry kind according to actual conditions, and can yield positive results at Second Year, substantially reduce the growth time of planting blueberry plant again, achieve time saving and energy saving and greatly shorten the effect of growth cycle.
Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in embodiment part subsequently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and forms a part for specification, is used from explanation the present invention, but is not construed as limiting the invention with embodiment one below.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the growing way figure of the blueberry plant formed after the cut-grafting in method provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the growing way figure of blueberry plant strain growth after 100 days that method provided by the invention is cultivated;
Fig. 3 is the growing way figure of blueberry plant strain growth after 200 days that method provided by the invention is cultivated;
Fig. 4 is the growing way figure of blueberry plant strain growth after 200 days that method provided by the invention is cultivated.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.Should be understood that, embodiment described herein, only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The invention provides the breeding method of a kind of blueberry plant, wherein, described method comprises:
(1) selection of stock and scion: select blueberry stock and the scion of Duo Gen blueberry with many major branches;
(2) heel in: blueberry scion is survived the winter and heels in;
(3) cut-grafting: the blueberry scion high grafting after described heeling in is changed and plants on blueberry stock;
(4) fit: overcover is sheathed on obtained blueberry plant in the blueberry scion after described cut-grafting.
Above-mentioned design is by selecting the blueberry stock that is suitable for and blueberry scion, then blueberry scion is carried out surviving the winter heeling in, blueberry scion high grafting after heeling in changed kind on blueberry stock until certain period, and then make the blueberry plant cultivated by this method can select suitable blueberry kind according to actual conditions, and can yield positive results at Second Year, substantially reduce the growth time of planting blueberry plant again, achieve time saving and energy saving and greatly shorten the effect of growth cycle.
The method heeled in of surviving the winter in step (2) can operate according to the method for this area routine employing, certainly, in the process heeled in of surviving the winter, good survival rate is kept in order to make blueberry scion, one of the present invention preferred embodiment in, the method heeled in of surviving the winter in step (2) can comprise and blueberry scion is placed in culture matrix heels in, and described in the environmental temperature heeled in be 0-7 DEG C, the humidity of culture matrix is 60-80%.
In the incubation heeled in of surviving the winter, described culture matrix can be the matrix type that this area routine uses, certainly, in order to improve the survival rate of blueberry scion further, ensure its temperature and humidity, and ensure that there is good permeability, make blueberry scion heel in process and still can carry out respiration preferably, one of the present invention more preferred embodiment in, described culture matrix can be chosen as in river sand, ash, wood chip and yellow sand one or more.
The cut-grafting mode that cut-grafting step in step (3) can adopt according to this area routine operates, such as, greatly increase to make the survival rate of the blueberry plant after grafting, one of the present invention preferred embodiment in, the cut-grafting step in step (3) can comprise:
(A) on the major branch of blueberry stock, offer the otch extending to xylem, and the acute angle formed between the extended surface of described otch and described major branch axis is 20-50 °;
(B) blueberry scion bottom is cut into the wedge shape inserted block with two cutting faces;
(C) the wedge shape inserted block of blueberry scion is inserted in the otch of blueberry stock, and two cutting faces of described wedge shape inserted block are agreed with mutually with the tangent plane of the both sides of described otch respectively;
(D) interface of blueberry stock and blueberry scion is wrapped up.
Described major branch can be arranged according to the set-up mode of this area routine, such as, one of the present invention preferred embodiment in, in order to improve the resistance against diseases of the blueberry plant of cultivation and low temperature tolerance ability etc. further, the distance that major branch described in step (A) can be set to its distance ground, top is the type of 20-50cm.
Cutting in step (B) also can operate according to the cutting way of this area routine, such as, one of the present invention preferred embodiment in, the length of terminal bud in the same side and along described blueberry scion axial direction of one of them and the described blueberry scion in two cutting faces of wedge shape inserted block is 2-5cm in step (B), and another is the terminal bud of described blueberry scion and the length along described blueberry scion axial direction is 1-3cm dorsad.
The cut-grafting process of step (3) can operate at any time, certainly, in order to improve the survival rate of the blueberry plant of cultivation further, one of the present invention preferred embodiment in, the operating time of step (3) can further be defined as 2-5 month.
Certainly, in order to more be met the blueberry plant of conventional needs after cultivation, and ensure that the branch number on blueberry plant is the conventional amount needed as far as possible, and ensure that the branch after having a grafting at least can survive, one of the present invention more preferred embodiment in, the Shoot number of blueberry stock described in step (1) is 3-5, and in described blueberry scion, the number of bud is 2-5.
Photosynthesis can be carried out after ensureing the bud sprouting in fit process in this blueberry scion, ensure that it grows normally, one of the present invention preferred embodiment in, overcover described in step (4) can be transparent closure, and the fit time can be set to 10-30 days.
In order to improve the survival rate of the blueberry plant after grafting as far as possible, and avoid the growth of unnecessary branch and affect the growth of normal branch, one of the present invention more preferred embodiment in, described method can also be included in blueberry scion high grafting and change the descendant kind to survive on rear removal blueberry stock.
Below will be described the present invention by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The long southern high clump blueberry " Ao Ni'er " of annual maturation of 100 50cm (O ' Neal) branch (on every root branch, the number of bud is 2-5) is cut winter, being placed in temperature is 3 DEG C, humidity is in the ground kiln of 70%, heel in river sand, and ensure that this river sand has good air permeable effect, regularly to water moisturizing, obtain blueberry scion; Second Year early and middle ten days in March, " " strain of (Bluebelle) bearing tree 30, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays 3-5 major branch blue beauty, sawed-off or cut off at overhead 30cm place, obtains blueberry stock to select Vaccinium ashei; Select cloudy day or fine day top is got in blueberry scion and cuts to 15cm, the blueberry scion base portion of clip is whittled into 2 bevels, and one is long and the other is short, long bevel, at the homonymy of terminal bud, reams the xylem of more than 1/3, long 3cm, cut a short bevel on the opposite of long bevel, length is 2cm; Below stock clip 3cm place even surface on tiltedly partial application from top to bottom, otch becomes 30 ° with stock, deeply reaches xylem, is about about 1/3 of diameter of stock, long for blueberry scion bevel is aimed at the formation layer of tangent plane in blueberry stock and inserts otch, with film tape binding grafting mouth; Then with film plastic pocket by the blueberry scion that grafts together with on grafting muzzle, plastic bag mouth slightly bundlees, and stays a fixed gap, keeps clear air in bag, but is unlikely to be blown away, work the effect of taking shelter from rain; About two weeks after grafting, when scion bud starts rudiment, removes plastic sack; The weeds surviving descendant on rear removing stock and orchard to be grafted, cultivate blueberry plant A1.
Embodiment 2
Cultivate according to the breeding method of embodiment 1, unlike, described cultivation temperature is 0 DEG C, and cultivating humidity is 60%, cultivates blueberry plant A2.
Embodiment 3
Cultivate according to the breeding method of embodiment 1, unlike, described cultivation temperature is 7 DEG C, and cultivating humidity is 80%, cultivates blueberry plant A3.
Embodiment 4
Cultivate according to the breeding method of embodiment 1, unlike, described cultivation temperature is-5 DEG C, and cultivating humidity is 50%, cultivates blueberry plant A4.
Embodiment 5
Cultivate according to the breeding method of embodiment 1, unlike, described cultivation temperature is 15 DEG C, and cultivating humidity is 90%, cultivates blueberry plant A5.
Comparative example 1
The long southern high clump blueberry " Ao Ni'er " of annual maturation of clip 30 50cm (O ' Neal) branch carries out cottage propagation, cultivates blueberry plant D1.
Comparative example 2
Cultivate according to the breeding method of embodiment 1, unlike, blueberry scion is not carried out surviving the winter heeling in, cultivate blueberry plant D2.
Comparative example 3
Cultivate according to the breeding method of embodiment 1, unlike, high-grafting is not carried out fit to the blueberry scion on blueberry stock, cultivate blueberry plant D3.
Test case
Detect the survival rate of cultivation blueberry plant A1-A5, D2 and D3 after 1 month respectively, the result obtained is as shown in table 1;
Detect the year number that A1-A5 and D1 bears Blueberry, the result obtained is as shown in table 2 simultaneously.
Table 1
Numbering Blueberry plant number () Survive plant number () Survival rate (%)
A1 30 30 100.0
A2 30 29 96.7
A3 30 28 93.3
A4 30 23 76.7
A5 30 24 80.0
D2 30 13 43.3
D3 30 8 26.7
Table 2
Numbering Year number (year)
A1 1
A2 1
A3 1
A4 1
A5 1
D1 4
Can be found out by table 1 and table 2, the survival rate of the blueberry plant cultivated by the present invention is very high, can more than 75% be reached, but the blueberry plant cultivated outside the scope of the invention does not then have good survival rate, survival rate is less than 50%, the survival rate of the blueberry plant simultaneously cultivated in preferable range of the present invention is then more excellent, reach more than 90%, and can be found out by table 2, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the growth of the blueberry plant cultivated in this way is very fast, and after substantially reducing normal cutting propagation, plant carries out the time in the cycle grown.
Below the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings; but; the present invention is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned embodiment; within the scope of technical conceive of the present invention; can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, these simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in addition, each concrete technical characteristic described in above-mentioned embodiment, in reconcilable situation, can be combined by any suitable mode, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention illustrates no longer separately to various possible combination.
In addition, also can be combined between various different embodiment of the present invention, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.

Claims (10)

1. a breeding method for blueberry plant, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
(1) selection of stock and scion: select blueberry stock and the scion of Duo Gen blueberry with many major branches;
(2) heel in: blueberry scion is survived the winter and heels in;
(3) cut-grafting: the blueberry scion high grafting after described heeling in is changed and plants on blueberry stock;
(4) fit: overcover is sheathed on obtained blueberry plant in the blueberry scion after described cut-grafting.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the method heeled in of surviving the winter in step (2) comprises and blueberry scion is placed in culture matrix heels in, and described in the environmental temperature heeled in be 0-7 DEG C, the humidity of culture matrix is 60-80%.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, described culture matrix is one or more in river sand, ash, wood chip and yellow sand.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, the cut-grafting step in step (3) also comprises:
(A) on the major branch of blueberry stock, offer the otch extending to xylem, and the acute angle formed between the extended surface of described otch and described major branch axis is 20-50 °;
(B) blueberry scion bottom is cut into the wedge shape inserted block with two cutting faces;
(C) the wedge shape inserted block of blueberry scion is inserted in the otch of blueberry stock, and two cutting faces of described wedge shape inserted block are agreed with mutually with the tangent plane of the both sides of described otch respectively;
(D) interface of blueberry stock and blueberry scion is wrapped up.
5. method according to claim 4, wherein, the distance on the distance ground, top of major branch described in step (A) is 20-50cm.
6. method according to claim 4, wherein, the length of terminal bud in the same side and along described blueberry scion axial direction of one of them and the described blueberry scion in two cutting faces of wedge shape inserted block is 2-5cm in step (B), and another is the terminal bud of described blueberry scion and the length along described blueberry scion axial direction is 1-3cm dorsad.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, the operating time of step (3) is 2-5 month.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, the Shoot number of blueberry stock described in step (1) is 3-5, and in described blueberry scion, the number of bud is 2-5.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein, described in step (4), overcover is transparent closure, and the fit time is 10-30 days.
10. method according to claim 1, wherein, described method is also included in blueberry scion high grafting and changes kind of the descendant survived on rear removal blueberry stock.
CN201510054414.7A 2015-02-02 2015-02-02 The breeding method of blueberry plant Expired - Fee Related CN104642039B (en)

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CN105165419A (en) * 2015-09-28 2015-12-23 青岛沃林蓝莓果业有限公司 Grafting method of blueberries
CN106305157A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-01-11 盛林蓝莓集团股份有限公司 Blueberry grafting method
CN106962027A (en) * 2017-04-28 2017-07-21 大连大学 A kind of method using haw blueberry as stock grafting blueberry
CN109275436A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-29 温州科技职业学院 It is a kind of that scion sprouting and the blueberry height grown is promoted to connect processing method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105165419A (en) * 2015-09-28 2015-12-23 青岛沃林蓝莓果业有限公司 Grafting method of blueberries
CN106305157A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-01-11 盛林蓝莓集团股份有限公司 Blueberry grafting method
CN106962027A (en) * 2017-04-28 2017-07-21 大连大学 A kind of method using haw blueberry as stock grafting blueberry
CN109275436A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-29 温州科技职业学院 It is a kind of that scion sprouting and the blueberry height grown is promoted to connect processing method

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