CN103039234B - Winter habit wheat breed summer numerous added-generation method - Google Patents
Winter habit wheat breed summer numerous added-generation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103039234B CN103039234B CN201210559370.XA CN201210559370A CN103039234B CN 103039234 B CN103039234 B CN 103039234B CN 201210559370 A CN201210559370 A CN 201210559370A CN 103039234 B CN103039234 B CN 103039234B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of wheat breeding, relate to winter habit wheat breed summer numerous added-generation method particularly.Described method comprises step: the winter habit product 1) selecting to need the summer numerous and combination, and Xia Fan base.2) vernalization, seed treatment, wheat seeds uniform spreading in pallet, water appropriate water, put into refrigerator-freezer, refrigerator-freezer temperature controls at 1-3 DEG C, and humid control is more than 90%; The vernalization time, winter variety about 35 days, semiwinterness kind about 30 days, at last two days of the vernalization time limit, is slowly warmed up to 8 DEG C, takes out outdoor, prepares to be seeded into large Tanaka; 3) sow.The present invention numerously provides a kind of easy and simple to handle, adding generation technology that efficiency is high in the winter habit wheat summer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of wheat breeding, relate to winter habit wheat breed summer numerous added-generation method particularly.
Background technology
Wheat is as worldwide a kind of important crops, and seed selection and the breeding of accelerating improved seeds are even more important, and have huge facilitation to Wheat indurstry development and national food output.Relevant wheat vernalization acts on the fifties in last century by large quantity research, and has formulated the Growth habit criteria for classifying, and this standard is in use to the present always.Throughout the year, seed selection and the breeding of winter wheat variety are all carried out in Winter Wheat Area, in order to accelerate seed selection and reproductive schedules, introducing winter wheat summer propagating technology and will play very large facilitation to the development accelerating Winter Wheat Variety Breeding.
Wheat summer numerous low temperature treatment referred to without winter, plants wheat in summer, gathers in the crops then, is a kind of breeding technique accelerated wheat breeding process and improve kind adaptive capacity and adopt.The key issue of Xia Fan is vernalization, researcher finds in practice, and the annual or 2 years raw plants of most of winter habit are in its Seed sprouting phase or have to pass through the low temperature treatment of regular period vegetative growth phase and just can bloom, usually at 4 DEG C, can 2-8 week, to ear for standard.The requirement of winter wheat to low temperature has metastable boundary, requires that about 30 days by vernalization, could ear and bloom at general 0-7 DEG C.So realize the numerous primary work of winter wheat summer and exactly artificial vernalization is carried out to winter wheat, configure suitable culture technique, winter habit wheat can realize summer numerous added-generation, and whether kind can have direct impact by vernalization to summer numerous efficiency, and suitable culture technique improves summer numerous efficiency.
In real operation, how to adopt manual method to make winter wheat vernalization, and the problem accelerating wheat reproductive order of generation accelerates a kind of solution of breeding.If the winter wheat summer, numerous middle matter of utmost importance solved that needs made winter habit wheat by vernalization exactly, breeding of normally earing.The present inventor, by exploration for many years, obtains a large amount of test datas, sums up a set of key technology route numerous for the winter wheat summer, successfully achieve winter habit wheat at adding generation in summer.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of improvement winter habit wheat breed summer numerous added-generation method.
According to method of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
1) the winter habit product selecting to need the summer numerous and combination, and Xia Fan base.
2) vernalization, seed treatment, is all layered on wheat seeds in pallet, waters appropriate water, puts into refrigerator-freezer, and refrigerator-freezer temperature controls at 1-3 DEG C, and humid control is more than 90%; The vernalization time, winter variety 35 days, semiwinterness kind 30 days, at last two days of the vernalization time limit, is slowly warmed up to 8 DEG C, takes out outdoor, prepares to be seeded into large Tanaka;
3) sow, before sowing, kind of a bud is put into 10-15 DEG C of water, separated by the kind bud grown together, then water furrow planting, waters, and then blinding covers sunshade net.
According to method of the present invention, for step 1), the winter habit product that selection needs the summer numerous and combination, and Xia Fan base, the environment daytime maximum temperature of Xia Fan base when summer numerous material plantation is (as Kunming, Yunnan) between 25-30 DEG C.
According to method of the present invention, for step 2), first carry out seed treatment, according to grain weight size, select suitable pallet, wheat seeds are all layered in pallet, water appropriate water, put into refrigerator-freezer.Vernalization condition controls, and refrigerator-freezer temperature controls at 1-3 DEG C, and humid control is more than 90%.This step well controls the growth ratio of wheat root and bud, and general ratio is root: bud=1:2-3, contribute to material be seeded into land for growing field crops time survive.The vernalization time, winter variety generally needs about 32 days, and semiwinterness kind about 28 days, classifies according to kind, waits close to last two days during the time limit, is slowly warmed up to 8 DEG C, takes out outdoor, prepares to be seeded into large Tanaka.
According to method of the present invention, step 3) is sowed, before sowing, kind of a bud is put into 10-15 DEG C of water, the kind bud grown together is separated, then water furrow planting, ditch depth 5-6cm, water enough water subsequently, after waiting water to ooze, select suitable earth mulch 2cm to get final product (if sandy soil can directly be used according to local soil property, if clay or red clay, rear covering can be mixed with Nutrition Soil in the ratio of 10:1 in fine sand).Then sunshade net is covered.
Step " field management " can also be comprised according to method of the present invention, within after planting 7-10 days, can sunshade net be removed, water according to weather condition arid, execute 15 kilograms, urea wheat during jointing stage every mu, carry out pest control treatment work, other management are with the Production of Large Fields of normal sowing.
The present invention finds that vernalization needs suitable vernalization temperature and vernalization time, temperature lower than 0 DEG C of then seed stasi, not by vernalization; Temperature height then needs the longer time to pass through vernalization, the length that bud, root are long and weak, and during a large amount of seed vernalization, the radical bud germinateed grows together, and not easily separates during sowing, causes to hinder root and to break bud, after planting survival rate is low, the vernalization time is long affects later stage Growth of Wheat, causes late-maturing or can not normal mature, does not reach the object adding generation.Therefore vernalization time of being suitable for and temperature is needed.
Emphasis of the present invention solves in winter wheat summer numerous process the following problem existed: (1), vernalization are not thorough, cause portion of material not ear.(2), the short bud of root is long, and sowing (transplanting) survival rate is low and efficiency is low.(3), sowing (transplanting) covered with sunshade net afterwards, avoid sunlight directly to shine survival rate that seedling further increases seedling.The present invention numerously provides a kind of easy and simple to handle, adding generation technology that efficiency is high in the winter habit wheat summer.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, propagating materials and experimental field selecting
Capital winter 22(is commercially), winter habit, brings out Beijing, ground.Breeding base is selected in Kunming, Yunnan area.
2, vernalization
(1) seed treatment, according to grain weight size, selects suitable pallet, wheat seeds is all layered in pallet, water appropriate water, put into refrigerator-freezer.
(2) refrigerator-freezer temperature controls at 1-3 DEG C, and humid control is more than 90%.Levels seethes one time every three days, in case upper strata temperature is too high.Vernalization 30 days, is then slowly warmed up to 8 DEG C, takes out outdoor, prepares to be seeded into large Tanaka.
3, sow
First suitable plantation ditch is excavated with farm implements, the wheat germinateed is put according to rare numerous density, water enough water subsequently, after having oozed in water, suitable earth mulch 2cm is selected to get final product (if sandy soil can directly be used according to local soil property, if clay or red clay, rear covering can be mixed with Nutrition Soil in the ratio of 10:1 in fine sand).Then sunshade net is covered.
4, field management
Field management, can remove sunshade net, water according to weather condition arid, execute 15 kilograms, urea, carry out pest control treatment work wheat during jointing stage every mu for after planting 7-10 days, and other management are with the Production of Large Fields of normal sowing.
5, reproductive effect
Than at normal reduction in the life period sowing season 100-120 days, utilize and breed again a generation summer, accelerate reproductive schedules.
Embodiment 2
1, breeding material and experimental field selecting
F2 material (the F1 materials of breeding units results), breeding base is selected in Kunming, Yunnan area.
2, vernalization
(1) seed treatment, according to grain weight size, selects suitable pallet, wheat seeds is all layered in pallet, water appropriate water, put into refrigerator-freezer.
(2) refrigerator-freezer temperature controls at 1-3 DEG C, and humid control is more than 90%.Levels seethes one time every three days, in case upper strata temperature is too high.Vernalization 30 days, is then slowly warmed up to 8 DEG C, takes out outdoor, prepares to be seeded into large Tanaka.
3, sow
First suitable plantation ditch is excavated with farm implements, the wheat germinateed is put according to rare numerous density, water enough water subsequently, after having oozed in water, suitable earth mulch 2cm is selected to get final product (if sandy soil can directly be used according to local soil property, if clay or red clay, rear covering can be mixed with Nutrition Soil in the ratio of 10:1 in fine sand).Then sunshade net is covered.
4, field management
Field management, can remove sunshade net, water according to weather condition arid, execute 15 kilograms, urea, carry out pest control treatment work wheat during jointing stage every mu for after planting 7-10 days, and other management are with the Production of Large Fields of normal sowing.
5, add for effect
Than at normal reduction in the life period sowing season 100-120 days, utilize and add again generation selection summer, accelerate breeding process.
Comparative example
Comparative test result: material is 05 capital 36 winter habit, and vernalization temperature establishes three process: process I-2-0 DEG C, process II 1-3 DEG C, process III 4-6 DEG C, the processing time is 35 days.Result: process I-2-0 DEG C and after planting go out shoot survival percent 91.6%, by vernalization ripening rate 15.3%; Process II 1-3 DEG C and after planting go out shoot survival percent 92.1%, by vernalization ripening rate 95.2%; Process III 4-6 DEG C and after planting go out shoot survival percent 56.7%, by vernalization ripening rate 75.5%.Better by the effect comparing process process II 1-3 DEG C.
Claims (2)
1. improve a winter habit wheat breed summer numerous added-generation method, it is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
1) the winter habit product selecting to need the summer numerous and combination, and Xia Fan base,
2) vernalization, seed treatment, is all layered on wheat seeds in pallet, waters appropriate water, puts into refrigerator-freezer, and refrigerator-freezer temperature controls at 1-3 DEG C, and humid control is more than 90%; The vernalization time, winter variety 35 days, semiwinterness kind 30 days, at last two days of the vernalization time limit, is slowly warmed up to 8 DEG C, takes out outdoor, prepares to be seeded into large Tanaka;
3) sow, before sowing, kind of a bud is put into 10-15 DEG C of water, separated by the kind bud grown together, then water furrow planting, waters, and then blinding covers sunshade net,
Wherein, ditch depth 5-6cm, waters enough water, blinding subsequently, if sandy soil can directly be used, if clay or red clay, covers after can mixing in fine sand with Nutrition Soil in the ratio of 10:1.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the step of " field management ", within after planting 7-10 days, sunshade net can be removed, water according to weather condition arid, execute 15 kilograms, urea wheat during jointing stage every mu, carry out pest control treatment work, other management are with the Production of Large Fields of normal sowing.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104718958A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-06-24 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Wheat early-sowing thin-planting high-yield cultivation method |
| CN105594431B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-06-26 | 长武县农业技术推广中心 | A kind of arplain winter wheat is naturally plus for mating system |
| CN107182779B (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2019-05-28 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of Single-plant selection method in winter wheat F2 generation under the conditions of greenhouse or different season |
| CN107493895A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-12-22 | 河南丰田种业有限公司 | Wheat mating system |
| CN114651684B (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-09-08 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所 | Vernalization and substitution culture method for highland barley |
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| CN1041086A (en) * | 1989-11-04 | 1990-04-11 | 贵州农学院 | Guizhou Province type wheat three series, and conventional variety breeding technique |
| CN1509599A (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-07 | 弭尚岭 | Wheat crossbreed method |
| CN101683065A (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2010-03-31 | 天津市农作物研究所 | Technical method for high-efficient breeding of wheat |
| CN102484980A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | 弭尚岭 | Hybrid wheat breeding method |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1041086A (en) * | 1989-11-04 | 1990-04-11 | 贵州农学院 | Guizhou Province type wheat three series, and conventional variety breeding technique |
| CN1509599A (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-07 | 弭尚岭 | Wheat crossbreed method |
| CN101683065A (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2010-03-31 | 天津市农作物研究所 | Technical method for high-efficient breeding of wheat |
| CN102484980A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | 弭尚岭 | Hybrid wheat breeding method |
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| 淮北地区小麦就地夏繁加代的初步探讨;李善东等;《中国农业科学》;19791231(第04期);56-60 * |
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