CN104126467A - Rice yield increasing planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a rice yield increasing planting method which increases the yield through intervarietal mixed cultivation. According to the rice yield increasing planting method, rice varieties with different resistance properties are fully combined to form a stable ecological system suitable for rice to survive, and the high yield of rice is realized through potential maximization. According to the rice yield increasing planting method, rice varieties with similar growth periods, similar agronomic traits and different resistance properties are selected for raise rice seedlings, and then the rice seedlings are mechanically transplanted at the same period. The different resistance properties of the rice varieties interact to give full play to the production potential of all the rice varieties; meanwhile, a three-dimensional community is built, so that stability of a field ecological system is improved, common diseases, pests and weeds are effectively controlled without applying pesticides or applying a small number of pesticides, and green production of rice is realized.

Description

A kind of implantation methods that improves rice yield

Technical field

The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical field, a kind of method that improves output by interracial mixed culture specifically, the method is fully combined to form the resistance between different rice varieties the ecosystem of a stable and applicable paddy rice existence, realizes the high yield of paddy rice by with the largest potentialityization.

Background technology

Rice Production is significant to ensureing China's grain security, along with the fast development of China's economy, and the raising day by day of scientific and technological level, new rice variety continues to bring out, and output is largely increased.But due to the seed selection of improved seeds, landrace constantly reduce, rice genetic diversity is reduced, it is identical that quality trait is tending towards, disease pest and weed is easily concentrated outburst, why causing this consequence, is mainly because the single cropping of paddy rice large area has caused falling sharply of Rice Population bio-diversity.The improvement rice varieties of minority high yield type is at rapid popularizing planting all over the world, respite Food Security, but also brought the loss of Exploration of Wild Rice Germplasm Resources and traditional Germplasm Resources of Local of a lot of preciousnesses thereupon, cause serious gene to run off.In recent years, by planting between rice varieties or mixed seeding increases the bio-diversity in rice field, thereby the research report of controlling rice pest be on the increase, the research of this respect has become a focus both domestic and external.

For increasing type and the quantity of same field rice varieties, enrich the bio-diversity in rice field, at present China is mainly by planting between many kinds artificial or mixing live realization, and many varieties mixed plantings refer in adjacent plot, different rice varieties to be carried out the mode that drilling or band are transplanted; Under normal circumstances, in same field, select more than 2 or 2 rice varieties, the strip-type farm work mode of each kind 6～7 between-line spacing plantations; Mix and lively the rice varieties seed of selection is mixed in proportion, sow into rice field by modes such as artificial broadcasts, realize real mixed planting, thereby increase field bio-diversity.

Although between plant and strengthened to a certain extent field bio-diversity, improve varietal resistance stability, increase output, but due to the strip-type farm work mode of a cultivation, strengthened the workload in producing, also there is certain difficulty in operation, the labour who needs is also many than single cropping, and if a cultivation pattern design unreasonablely, will be difficult to realize mechanized cultivation and results, therefore, be unfavorable for spread.Simultaneously, between cultivation pattern the production-increasing function of paddy rice is depended between mixing and to plant in combination the difference of plant height between kind, form three-dimensional plant group and short-stalked variety in field long-stalked variety is also played to certain supporting role, the lodging resistance of long-stalked variety is improved, thereby has occurred the effect of increasing both production and income.In addition, a cultivation, owing to mixing not exclusively, is still the plantation of single variety in to a certain extent or one fritter field, be therefore still affected for the control efficiency of damage by disease and insect and weeds.Although mix live can realize real meaning yearningly close plantation, because live existing emerged irregularly, the unordered regulation and control of colony are difficult, plant root growth is shallow, the problems such as easy early ageing of later stage and lodging, output is unstable.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention has been to provide a kind of rice varieties to mix the new method of plantation, sows seedling, machine rice transplantation by Cultivar mixtures, realizes mechanized cultivation, thereby realize the mixing plantation of the real meaning of paddy rice, workload reduces, processing ease, and production cost is planted and can significantly be declined between manual; Plant in order by transplanting simultaneously, solved that to mix emerging of live existence irregular, the unordered regulation and control of colony are difficult, and plant root growth is shallow, the problems such as easy early ageing of later stage and lodging, and realization is increased production and improved productivity, and is conducive to large scale application.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of implantation methods that improves rice yield, comprise the steps,

(1) kind is selected: select to be no more than 5 days breeding time, economical character is similar, resistance is different rice varieties two or three;

(2) miscegenation vernalization: by evenly rear the rice varieties mixed in equal amounts of selecting vernalization;

(3) hybrid seedling: the mixing seedling kind of vernalization, by every dish 60～80g sowing seedling, is carried out to the machine transplanting of rice in the time that seedling growth to 12～18cm is high;

(4) machine transplanting of rice: keep large Tanaka 2～4cm water layer behind smooth land for growing field crops, after becoming blanket rice shoot to utilize rice transplanter by piece seedling taking, carry out the machine transplanting of rice by every clump of 2～3 strains.

Useful technique effect of the present invention is: the invention provides a kind of method that rice varieties mixes plantation, sow seedling, machine rice transplantation by Cultivar mixtures, realize mechanized cultivation, thereby realize the mixing plantation of the real meaning of paddy rice, workload reduces, processing ease, production cost is planted and can significantly be declined between manual, and kind choice increases; Plant in order by transplanting simultaneously, solved that to mix emerging of live existence irregular, the unordered regulation and control of colony are difficult, and plant root growth is shallow, the problems such as easy early ageing of later stage and lodging, and realization is increased production and improved productivity, and is conducive to large scale application.

The technology of the present invention is a kind of novel environmentally friendly practical technique of rationally utilizing bio-diversity control disease pest and weed, the stable volume increase of realization; can realize and utilize disease-resistant variety to solve the easily problem such as susceptible, easy lodging of high yield and high quality kind; protect germ plasm resource; can also prevent weakening of varietal resistance, be not easy the underproduction loss of occurrence of large-area.By building steroscopic phytobiocenose, increase the stability of field ecosystem simultaneously, thereby in the generation of not executing or effectively control Shaoshi agricultural chemicals in the situation that some common disease pest and weeds, realized green production.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

Embodiment 1

(1) kind is selected: select two of close, agronomic shape is similar, resistance is different Hybrid Rice Varieties breeding time: excellent No. 8 and dark two excellent 5814 of middle Zhejiang, the basic proterties of these two kinds is as table 1.

The table a kind agronomy table of comparisons

(2) miscegenation vernalization: plant 2 mu of paddy rice, by every mu of 20 standard transplanting trays (long 58cm, wide 28cm, dark 2.8cm), and 80 grams/dish of hybrid rice seeding quantity, need 3200 grams of rice paddy seeds, by mixed in equal amounts method, wherein need middle Zhejiang excellent No. 8 and dark two excellent 5814 each 1600 grams, after seed is mixed, seed soaking sterilization and vernalization according to a conventional method;

(3) hybrid seedling: vernalization to the seed showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally is evenly sowed to seedling by 80 grams, every dish, its method is as follows: select the seedling soil through the sterilization of fostering and apply fertilizer, sabot thickness of soil 2.0～2.2cm, water permeable after by predetermined seeding quantity seeding machinery equipment or manual evenly sowing, after planting 0.5 centimetre of surperficial earthing; When after seed sprouting, carry out rice shoot rich water and pest management, when seedling growth to 12～18cm is high, carry out the machine transplanting of rice, due to 2 variety seeds randomized arrangement in seedling dish, also mixed growth after seed sprouting;

(4) machine transplanting of rice: carry out the cultivated whole ground in rice field before the machine transplanting of rice, require " smooth, clean, in small, broken bits, heavy real " to plough whole ground uniformity, field face is smooth, and the high low head of field is not more than 3cm; Field face cleaning, heavy real 1～3 day of mud, the water layer of the large Tanaka 2～4cm of rear maintenance, packs the rice shoot of mixed growth in seedling dish into rice seedling box of rice seedling transplanting machine, regulates every dish seedling taking amount and seedling taking number of times, carries out the machine transplanting of rice by every clump of 2～3 strain rice shoots.

Due to different cultivars rice seedling randomized arrangement in seedling dish, to plant in order by transplanting, 2 rice seedlings that the machine transplanting of rice enters in land for growing field crops are realized mixed growth, increase the stability of field ecosystem, be conducive to improve varietal resistance, reduce the generation of disease pest and weed, improve rice yield.

Embodiment 2

(1) kind is selected: select three of close, agronomic shape is similar, resistance is different Hybrid Rice Varieties breeding time: excellent No. 8 of middle Zhejiang, dark two excellent 5814 and excellent No. 1 of Y two, the basic proterties of these 3 kinds is as table 2.

The table 2 kind agronomy table of comparisons

(2) miscegenation vernalization: plant 2 mu of paddy rice, by 20 every mu standard transplanting tray (long 58cm, wide 28cm, dark 2.8cm), and 80 grams/dish of hybrid rice seeding quantity, need 3200 grams of rice paddy seeds, by mixed in equal amounts method, wherein need middle Zhejiang excellent No. 8, dark two excellent 5814 and each 1067 grams of excellent No. 1 seed of Y two, after 3 seeds selecting are mixed, seed soaking sterilization and vernalization according to a conventional method;

(3) hybrid seedling: vernalization to the seed showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally is evenly sowed to seedling by 80 grams, every dish, its method is as follows: select the seedling soil through the sterilization of fostering and apply fertilizer, sabot thickness of soil 2.0～2.2cm, water permeable after by predetermined seeding quantity seeding machinery equipment or manual evenly sowing, after planting 0.5 centimetre of surperficial earthing, when after seed sprouting, carry out rice shoot rich water and pest management, when seedling growth to 12～18cm is high, carry out the machine transplanting of rice, due to seed randomized arrangement in seedling dish of 3 kinds, also mixed growth after seed sprouting;

(4) machine transplanting of rice: carry out the cultivated whole ground in rice field before the machine transplanting of rice, require " smooth, clean, in small, broken bits, heavy real ", plough whole ground uniformity, field face is smooth, and the high low head of field is not more than 3cm; Field face cleaning, heavy real 1～3 day of mud, the water layer of the large Tanaka 2～4cm of rear maintenance, packs the rice shoot of mixed growth in seedling dish into rice seedling box of rice seedling transplanting machine, regulates every dish seedling taking amount and seedling taking number of times, carries out the machine transplanting of rice by every clump of 2～3 strain rice shoots.

Due to different cultivars rice seedling randomized arrangement in seedling dish, to plant in order by transplanting, three rice seedlings that the machine transplanting of rice enters in land for growing field crops are realized mixed growth, increase the stability of field ecosystem, be conducive to improve varietal resistance, reduce the generation of disease pest and weed, improve rice yield.

The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. an implantation methods that improves rice yield, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

(1) kind is selected: select to be no more than 5 days breeding time, economical character is similar, resistance is different rice varieties two or three;

(2) miscegenation vernalization: by evenly rear the rice varieties mixed in equal amounts of selecting vernalization;

(3) hybrid seedling: the mixing seedling kind of vernalization, by every dish 60～80g sowing seedling, is carried out to the machine transplanting of rice in the time that seedling growth to 12～18cm is high;

(4) machine transplanting of rice: keep large Tanaka 2～4cm water layer behind smooth land for growing field crops, after becoming blanket rice shoot to utilize rice transplanter by piece seedling taking, carry out the machine transplanting of rice by every clump of 2～3 strains.