CN110583474A

CN110583474A - Simplified mixed sowing seed production method for small-grain type sterile line of rice

Info

Publication number: CN110583474A
Application number: CN201910964655.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐文帮; 陈桂华; 邓化冰; 张桂莲; 王悦
Original assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-10-11
Filing date: 2019-10-11
Publication date: 2019-12-20

Abstract

The invention discloses a simplified method for producing seeds by mixed sowing of small-grain rice sterile lines, which comprises the steps of taking a large-grain rice restoring line as a male parent, taking a small-grain rice sterile line as a female parent, mixing and directly sowing the male parent and the female parent, and hybridizing the male parent and the female parent to generate a first filial generation, namely the planted small-grain hybrid. Wherein the male parent is selected from Wanghui 780, the female parent is selected from Zong 201S, the dosage of the male parent and the female parent is 1:25 according to the mass ratio, and the sowing difference period of the male parent and the female parent is 1 month and 26 days. The method can screen and separate the hybrid seeds and the male parent seeds which are harvested in a mixed mode according to the difference of the grain thicknesses, and does not affect the yield of the hybrid seeds while realizing light and simplified mixed seeding seed production. Meanwhile, the small-grain hybrid has the characteristics of high yield, strong resistance, excellent rice quality and the like.

Description

Simplified mixed sowing seed production method for small-grain type sterile line of rice

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice seed production, and particularly relates to a simplified mixed sowing seed production method of a small-grain rice sterile line.

Background

Seed production mechanization is a new concept proposed at present, and requires that matched machinery is adopted from sowing to harvesting. Compared with the traditional conventional seed production, the method can save a large amount of labor force, shorten the time of planting and transplanting and reduce the production cost of seeds. However, at present, there are very few varieties which can be produced mechanically, and the main reason is limited by the growth period of parents.

At present, the mechanized seed production of hybrid rice at home mainly adopts three technologies: the first is the conventional seed production of the male parent and the female parent by drilling. Although abundant experience is accumulated in the aspect of the seed production mode, particularly, a flowering synchronization regulation technology system is mature, the female parent and the male parent in the two periods are respectively sown or transplanted mechanically in a paddy field, the operation is very complicated, and the labor cost is high; the second is that the male and female parents are planted in different areas respectively, the male parent pollen is collected mechanically and then is awarded to the female parent stigma uniformly, but the premise of the seed production mode needs to solve the research and production of a series of machines and equipment such as pollen collection, preservation, pollination and the like; thirdly, sowing the male parent and the female parent in a mixed manner, and removing the selfing seeds of the male parent by a certain method. The method requires that the male and female parents of the hybrid rice are sowed at the same time, and the hybrid rice is required to be simultaneously spilt and flower.

The mixed sowing seed production is that the seeds of the parents are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are directly sown or broadcast. As early as 1991, Japanese scholars thought that the mixed sowing of the male parent and the female parent in the three-line method in the proportion of the sum was carried out, and the result shows that the pollen density is higher than that under the conventional seed production of the male parent and the female parent in the proportion of 1:1 and 1:2, the pollen transmission is more facilitated, and the seed production yield is improved; and the authors propose to separate the generation seed from the male parent by using grain size, different colours of husk, transfer of lethal sensitive genes into the male parent and the like.

The mixed sowing seed production has many advantages, can save a large amount of labor and realize mechanization of seed production, but has obvious disadvantages. However, scientists have found that in the three-line hybrid rice seed production, it is difficult to find a variety with consistent growth periods of parents and parents, and serious threat is caused to the meeting of florescence. Secondly, the produced seeds and the male parent are mixed together, and the accuracy of mechanical distinguishing cannot be guaranteed, so that the purity is difficult to reach the standard, which is also the bottleneck of seed production by a mixed seeding method. Therefore, in the production practice of rice seed production, a novel seed production method is established to break through the bottleneck and control the increasing seed production cost of rice.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a simplified method for producing seeds by mixed sowing of small-grain rice sterile lines, which aims to solve the technical problem of mixed harvesting of male and female parents after mixed direct sowing in seed production.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a simplified method for producing seeds by mixed sowing of small-grain sterile line of rice features that the large-grain restoring line of rice is used as male parent, the small-grain sterile line of rice is used as female parent, the male parent and female parent are directly sown in a mixed mode, and the male parent and female parent are hybridized to generate the first filial generation, which is the small-grain hybrid.

Furthermore, the using amount of the male parent and the female parent is 1:25 according to the mass ratio.

Furthermore, the sowing difference period of the male parent and the female parent is 1 month and 26 days.

Furthermore, the male parent and the female parent are both sown by adopting sprouted grain.

Furthermore, the sowing process requires that the field is flat, the surface of the field is anhydrous, the four sides are ditched, and the middle part is towed to the compartment.

Further, after the sowing is finished, the field is kept anhydrous for more than three days, and closed herbicide is sprayed to weed.

Further, in the land preparation, compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer is applied after rehydration.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention relates to a small-grain hybrid seed light simplified seed production method, which adopts a male and female parent mixed direct seeding method to obtain small-grain hybrid seeds through hybridization, screens and separates hybrid seeds and male parent seeds which are mixed and harvested according to the difference of the grain thickness, the sorting is not limited by manpower or machinery, the operation can be carried out, the light simplified mixed seeding seed production is realized, and the yield of the hybrid seeds is not influenced. Meanwhile, the small-grain hybrid has the characteristics of high yield, strong resistance, excellent rice quality and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the method for obtaining the small-grain hybrid species zhangliangyou780 by hybridizing the tall 201S as a female parent and the hopehui 780 as a male parent specifically comprises the following steps:

1) selecting a suitable base

The quality of the seed production base directly influences whether the hybrid rice seed production is high and stable. The local microclimate environment is selected for the base to be beneficial to seed production of the two-line rice, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, the field is smooth, the fertility is uniform, and the natural isolation condition is good. The Hainan III is a national-level hybrid rice seed production base identified by the Ministry of agriculture, has unique natural ecological conditions, and the Zuoliangyou 780 seed production scheme takes the three-step seed production as an example.

2) Sowing with difference and standard planting

The Zhangliangyou 780 seed production selects a mixed direct seeding mode of a male parent (Wanghui 780) and a female parent (Zhang 201S), and the breeding mode is based on the fertility characteristics and local climatic conditions of the Wanghui 780 and the Zhang 201S. 0.1 kg/mu of Wanhui 780 bud-grain and 2.5 kg/mu of tall and erect 201S bud-grain, mixed sowing before and after 1 month and 26 months, cultivating strong seedlings, and managing fertilizer and water according to a local high-yield mode.

Before sowing, the field is deeply ploughed and steeped in deep water to prevent grain and weed from falling, and the field is flat and ditched all around. When sowing, the field surface is anhydrous, the sowing quantity of each field is weighed according to the area of the field, and the field is strictly and uniformly sown. After the Wanghui 780 and the Zuo 201S are mixed and directly sown, closed herbal medicines are sprayed to weed in the field when the field is anhydrous (day 2-3), and the field is kept anhydrous for more than 3 days.

3) Management of fertilizer and water

And when the field is leveled, 30 kilograms of compound fertilizers per mu are used as base fertilizers, after direct seeding and rehydration, 15 kilograms of compound fertilizers per mu are used as topdressing, and the fertility is kept at a medium level in the seedling frame period.

4) Pest and disease prevention

The prevention is mainly carried out on the basis of persistence, the comprehensive prevention and treatment is carried out, and the seeds are disinfected during seed soaking. Because the density of the direct seeding is larger than that of the transplanted rice field, the growth amount is larger, and various plant diseases and insect pests are easier to occur. And (4) drying the field in time, and airing the field to prevent ineffective tillering. The prevention and control forecast of plant diseases and insect pests issued by local plant protection departments needs to be closely concerned, and the purpose of 'duty check, early detection and timely prevention and control' is achieved. The pesticide should be selected in good time and sprayed for prevention and cure in time.

5) Flowering phase prediction and regulation

The direct seeding is used for seed production, and the ear-picking of the female parent population is fast and very regular. Tall and erect 201S has the advantages of high stigma exposure rate, strong stigma activity and the like, so the control of tall and erect 201S is better to start the spike 2 to 4 days earlier than the hope hui 780, and the tall and erect 201S has little influence but is not large in seed production yield 5 to 8 days earlier than the hope hui 780. The development progress of the android 201S and the WangHui 780 is often observed, and the problem is found and the adjustment measures are taken in time.

6) Spraying nine two o

Tall 201S has long glume opening time, high stigma exposure, long stigma vitality maintaining time, hardly wraps neck, is sensitive to 'Jiu ErO', is sprayed when 10% -15% of ears appear in tall 201S under normal conditions, and is sprayed under the condition that dew is not dry and has no wind in the morning. Spraying 15g-20g per mu. Can select artifical spraying, also can select unmanned aerial vehicle spraying, the spraying in-process, tall and erect 201S and expect to resume 780 even spraying, if it must in time moderate amount to mend to spout to have spouted 4h internal rain.

7) Artificial supplementary pollination

Because tall and erect 201S and expect to restore 780 mixed direct seeding in the field piece, expect that restore 780 blossoming only needs to have a bit breeze when loosing powder, pollen just can be fine received by the female parent, can utilize natural wind to make tall and erect 201S pollination completely. If not reassured, 11 a morning: pollen can be driven for 1 time by using ropes before and after 00, and the seed production households with conditional conditions can utilize an unmanned aerial vehicle for auxiliary pollination. If the rain is continuously rainy, the user should timely go to the field to observe whether the pollen blooms or scatters after the rain stops, and the pollen is replenished and driven.

8) Strict impurity removal

The purity of the seeds is ensured, isolation measures are required to be made, and the key is to strictly remove the foreign plants. The natural isolation is required to be more than 200 days, and the time isolation is required to be more than 20 days, so that the powder stringing is avoided. The impurity removing work is throughout the whole production process of the seed production, the special-shaped impurity plants are distinguished according to the characteristics of the variety such as growth period, plant leaf shape, plant height, leaf sheath and glume color, grain shape, whether awn exists and the like, and the male parent and the female parent are strictly removed. After the harvest is mature, the harvest is carried out in time in sunny weather, the rain ears are prevented from sprouting and smut, and instruments and sun planting places need to be cleaned up during harvesting, so that the mechanical mixing is prevented.

9) Mechanical sorting

The mature hybrid seeds and the male parents are mixed and harvested, the seeds are dried and cleaned, and then are screened by a rice seed sorting machine, and the specification of a sieve pore is 2.1 mm.

10. Seed production yield

The yield results of the zhuangliou 780 granule type rice hybrid in 2017 and 2018 are shown in tables 1 and 2.

Table 12017 years Zuoliangyou 780 small-sized rice light simplified mixed sowing seed production yield

Test site	Yield per kilogram	Control group (traditional seed production method)/kg	Bick + - (%)
				Hainan province III	357.5	276.4	29.35
Hainan Ha	331.4	265.3	24.94

Example No. 22018 years Zuoliangyou 780 granule type Rice lightly simplified the yield of mixed sowing seed production

Test site	Yield per kilogram	Control group (traditional seed production method)/kg	Bick + - (%)
				Hainan province III	356.1	280.7	26.88
Hainan Ha	340.9	264.3	28.98

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A simplified method for producing seeds by mixed sowing of small-grain sterile line of rice features that the large-grain restoring line of rice is used as male parent, the small-grain sterile line of rice is used as female parent, the male parent and female parent are directly sowed in mixed mode, and the male parent and female parent are hybridized to generate the first filial generation of hybrid seeds.

2. The simplified mixed sowing method for producing the rice small-grain sterile line according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the male parent and the female parent is 1:25 by mass ratio.

3. The simplified method for producing hybrid seeds of sterile line of small-grain type rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing difference period of the male parent and female parent is 1 month and 26 days.

4. The simplified method for producing hybrid seeds of sterile line of small-grain type rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein both male and female parents are sown with sprouted grain.

5. The simplified method for producing hybrid seeds of rice with small-grain sterile line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding requires leveling of the field, no water on the surface of the field, furrowing around the field, and dragging in the middle.

6. The simplified method for producing hybrid seeds of rice with small-grain sterile line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field is kept water-free for more than three days after the completion of seeding, and closed herbicide is sprayed to kill weeds.

7. The simplified method for producing hybrid seeds of rice with small-grain sterile line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation of soil is carried out by applying compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and applying compound fertilizer after rehydration.