CN107683739A - A kind of method of sand grape high-yield cultivation - Google Patents

A kind of method of sand grape high-yield cultivation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107683739A
CN107683739A CN201710846470.3A CN201710846470A CN107683739A CN 107683739 A CN107683739 A CN 107683739A CN 201710846470 A CN201710846470 A CN 201710846470A CN 107683739 A CN107683739 A CN 107683739A
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parts
grape
soil
fertilizer
layer
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段磊磊
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Jieshou City Jin Ling Planting Cooperatives
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Jieshou City Jin Ling Planting Cooperatives
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of sand grape high-yield cultivation, including following aspect：（1）Soil is deep ploughed respectively and rotary tillage, then spray abamectin solution respectively and mix bacterium agent cover film dries；（2）Fertilising, fertilizer laying is carried out to wine-growing soil, respectively underlying soil layer, charcoal fertilizer layer, organic fertilizer layer and upper layer of soil layer, and the organic fertilizer at the beginning of 11 months by the end of October, multi-elements composite fertilizer is imposed in 3 April；（3）Grape is planted, and grapevine seedling is planted according to plant spacing, and sets up double-deck iron silk screen layer, and timing adds mineral solution into dropper pond and carries out dropper；（4）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, to being covered grape growing region using transparent plastic film before grape dispenser, and handled respectively using abamectin solution and plant sterilization solution atomization；（5）Daily management, soil moisture and lower floor's light transmittance are kept, and grape is periodically sprinkled using mineral solution.

Description

A kind of method of sand grape high-yield cultivation
Technical field
The invention belongs to wine-growing technical field, and in particular to a kind of method of sand grape high-yield cultivation.
Background technology
Grape is one of fruit tree species most ancient in the world, and its fossil in Tertiary Stratigraphy early in being just found, at present Planted extensively all over the world, wherein 95% grape growing region is located at the Northern Hemisphere；Grape can be used as fruit directly edible, Fruit drink use can be squeezed the juice into, it is also widely used for grape wine processing, turns into the main drinks kind in the world.Contain in grape There are a variety of tartaric acid that there is the effect of aid digestion, strengthening the spleen and stomach, wherein containing the compositions such as several amino acids, minerals and vitamins, tool Play the role of to alleviate neurasthenia and brain fag, and the tannin composition contained in grape has easyproization blood vessel, reduces thrombus With internal cholesterol levels and other effects, there is better nutritivity health value.Sand its can long-term cropping species it is few, utilize it Plantation grape can improve utilization and the economic value in soil, but sand permeability is good, but moisture-keeping, fertilizer-keeping is poor, water Divide and fertilizer is easy to run off, and grape belongs to the crop to moisture with high requirement；And it there may be in sand more Content of beary metal, grape heavy metal pollution phenomenon is easily caused, influence its edible safety, and the pathogenic bacteria in soil can lead Cause grape pest and disease damage rate to rise, influence vintage.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem of existing：Sand its can long-term cropping species it is few, using its plant grape can improve The utilization in soil and economic value, but sand permeability is good, but moisture-keeping, fertilizer-keeping is poor, moisture and fertilizer easily flow Lose, and grape belongs to the crop to moisture with high requirement；And more content of beary metal is there may be in sand, is held Grape heavy metal pollution phenomenon is easily caused, influences its edible safety, and the pathogenic bacteria in soil can cause grape pest and disease damage Rate rises, and influences vintage.To solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of side of sand grape high-yield cultivation Method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of method of sand grape high-yield cultivation, comprises the following steps：
（1）Soil management：Grape growing region soil is first deep ploughed 1 time, then using rotary cultivator to soil rotary tillage after deep ploughing 2 times, Granularity in soil is reduced, promotes root growth, reuses abamectin solution and soil is sprayed, plastic covering film dries in the air Shine 5-7 days, closed covering bactericidal liquid has after sprinkling acts on compared with Thief zone, improves bactericidal effect, then reuses mix bacterium agent Soil is sprayed, promotes soil with organic matter and heavy metal component degraded, film covering stands 6-8 days；
（2）Fertilising：Fertilizer laying is carried out to wine-growing soil, from bottom to top 4 layers, respectively underlying soil layer, thickness altogether The upper layer of soil layer that the organic fertilizer layer and thickness that charcoal fertilizer layer, thickness for 2-3cm are 4-6cm are 7-9cm, and in October Bottom at the beginning of -11 months every mu according to 450-500kg organic fertilizers, in the 3-4 months, every mu imposes multi-elements composite fertilizer according to 80-100kg；Wood Charcoal can absorb nutritional ingredient, moisture and microorganism, improves the ability of the solid fertile moisturizing of soil, and organic fertilizer is using discarded organic matter as original Material, can reduce wine-growing cost；
（3）Grape is planted：Grapevine seedling is planted according to strain spacing 20-25cm, line space 50-60cm, and sets up bilayer Iron wire stratum reticulare, lower floor wire netting height off the ground 1.5-1.7m, layer is climbed for grapevine, upper strata wire netting is that protection network lays layer, The infringement to grape of birds, insect is reduced, it is highly 30-40cm away from lower floor's iron wire, and grape root is equipped with dropper pipeline, often The mineral solution that water quality 13%-16% is added into dropper pond carries out dropper within 4-5 days, can improve vintage and sugar contains Amount；
（4）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：To being covered grape growing region using transparent plastic film before grape dispenser, used per 10-12 days Abamectin solution is atomized 1 time, time 1-2h, plant sterilization solution atomization is used per 7-8 days 1 time, time 3-4h；Use plant Source property bactericide, pest and disease damage rate and Pesticide use amount can be reduced, and using atomization method after covering, have sterilization comprehensive, thorough Bottom, efficiently, without sprinkling dead angle the characteristics of；
（5）Daily management：Keeping soil moisture content, grape is trimmed after bearing fruit to upper strata grape leaf in 60%-70%, is protected It is 21%-24% to hold lower floor's light transmittance, and fruit and cauline leaf are sprayed 1 time per 5-6 days using mineral solution.
Step（1）Described abamectin solution, its extension rate are 800 times.
Step（1）Described mix bacterium agent, wherein EM bacteria agent：Starter fertilizer quality proportioning is 1:1, its mass concentration is 7%-9%。
Step（2）Described charcoal fertilizer, its compound method are：
Water 100-120 parts, glucose 16-20 parts, calcium chloride 3-4 parts, boric acid 2-3 parts, zinc sulfate 1-2 are weighed according to quality meter part Part, manganese sulfate 1-2 parts, potassium chloride 1-2 parts, magnesium chloride 0.4-0.6 parts, copper sulphate 0.2-0.3 parts, preparation raw material is well mixed Mineral solution is made afterwards, its quality 5%-6% EM bacteria agent is added into mineral solution, charcoal is sprayed to after stirring On, fermented 2-3 days at a temperature of 26-30 DEG C, charcoal fertilizer is made.
Step（2）Described organic fertilizer, its compound method are：
Wood chip 53-58 parts, maize straw 31-35 parts, cow dung 19-24 parts, peat soil 13-18 parts, Portugal are weighed according to quality meter part Grape fallen leaves 11-15 parts, discarded grape 7-10 parts, mixing its gross mass of addition 3%-4% fertilizer fermentation after preparation raw material is crushed Organic fertilizer is made in 5-7 days in agent, compost fermentation.
Step（4）Described bactericide, its compound method are：
Folium Meliae 12-15 parts, neem fruit 7-9 parts, metasequoia pine needle 5-8 parts, crape myrtle 4-7 parts, Zou Ju 3-5 are weighed according to quality meter part Part, Chinese lobelia 1-4 parts, tuber of pinellia 1-2 parts, add the water of 6-8 times of its gross mass after preparation raw material is crushed, boiling water boiling 1-2h, Original volume 1/4 is concentrated into after filtering, bactericide is made.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：Soil management method, is successively deep ploughed and rotary tillage to soil Granularity in sand can be reduced, is advantageous to grape root growth and nutrient absorption；Soil is entered using abamectin solution Row sprinkling, covering, drying processing, the environment progress sterilization processing to form relative closure is covered by film, can effectively reduce soil Pathogenic bacteria quantity in earth, and mix bacterium agent is sprayed to soil, and soil with organic matter and heavy metal can be degraded, increase Nutrient composition content in soil, and inhibitory action is played to pathogenic bacteria.Fertilizing method, soil plantation layer be divided into underlying soil layer, Charcoal fertilizer layer, organic fertilizer layer and top soil horizon, wherein charcoal fertilizer layer charcoal are made by spraying mineral solution fermentation, charcoal In containing abundant mineral matter element and microorganism, solidification can be played to nutritional ingredient, water and microorganism, improves sandy soil Earth moisture-keeping, fertilizer-keeping ability, and microorganism can play degradation to heavy metal in soil；And organic fertilizer layer with discarded plant into It is divided into primary raw material, wine-growing cost, and the sterilization component contained in grape leaf and discarded grape can be reduced, Portugal can be reduced Grape root disease and pest rate.Grape is planted, and using upper and lower two layers of wire netting, lower floor's wire netting provides climbing frame for grape growth, carried High growing area space availability ratio and yield, and upper strata wire netting covered protection net can avoid the infringement of birds, insect to grape, carry High grape quality；Mineral solution is poured to grape by using dropper system, it contains the several mineral materials such as iron, magnesium, zinc member Element, vintage and sugar content can be improved.The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, AVM has to various pathogens and insect to be suppressed to kill Effect, there is the characteristics of low toxicity, wide spectrum, and bactericide contains various plants source property sterilization component, can reduce pest and disease damage rate And Pesticide use amount, and using covering after atomization method, have sterilization comprehensively, thoroughly, efficiently, can avoid sprinkling in fruit, There is dead angle in cauline leaf.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
A kind of method of sand grape high-yield cultivation, comprises the following steps：
（1）Soil management：Grape growing region soil is first deep ploughed 1 time, then using rotary cultivator to soil rotary tillage after deep ploughing 2 times, Granularity in soil is reduced, promotes root growth, reuses abamectin solution and soil is sprayed, plastic covering film dries in the air Shine 6 days, closed covering bactericidal liquid has after sprinkling acts on compared with Thief zone, improves bactericidal effect, then reuses mix bacterium agent spray Soil is spilt, promotes soil with organic matter and heavy metal component degraded, film covering stands 7 days；
（2）Fertilising：Fertilizer laying is carried out to wine-growing soil, from bottom to top 4 layers, respectively underlying soil layer, thickness altogether The upper layer of soil layer that the organic fertilizer layer and thickness that charcoal fertilizer layer, thickness for 2.5cm are 5cm are 7.5cm, and by the end of October- At the beginning of 11 months every mu according to 460kg organic fertilizers, in the 3-4 months, every mu imposes multi-elements composite fertilizer according to 86kg；The absorbable battalion of charcoal Form point, moisture and microorganism, improve the ability of the solid fertile moisturizing of soil, and organic fertilizer can reduce using discarded organic matter as raw material Wine-growing cost；
（3）Grape is planted：Grapevine seedling is planted according to strain spacing 22cm, line space 53cm, and sets up double-deck wire netting Layer, lower floor wire netting height off the ground 1.6m, layer is climbed for grapevine, upper strata wire netting is that protection network lays layer, reduces birds, evil Infringement of the worm to grape, it is highly 32cm away from lower floor's iron wire, and grape root is equipped with dropper pipeline, and every 4 days to dropper pond The middle mineral solution for adding water quality 14% carries out dropper, can improve vintage and sugar content；
（4）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：To grape growing region being covered using transparent plastic film before grape dispenser, use AVM hereinafter in every 11 days Rhzomorph solution atomization 1 time, time 1.5h, use plant sterilization solution atomization 1 time within every 7 days, time 3.5h；Killed using plant-derived Microbial inoculum, pest and disease damage rate and Pesticide use amount can be reduced, and use atomization method after covering, have sterilization comprehensive, thorough, high Effect, without sprinkling dead angle the characteristics of；
（5）Daily management：Keeping soil moisture content, grape is trimmed after bearing fruit to upper strata grape leaf, under holding 62% Layer light transmittance is 22%, and fruit and cauline leaf is sprayed 1 time in every 5 days using mineral solution.
Step（1）Described abamectin solution, its extension rate are 800 times.
Step（1）Described mix bacterium agent, wherein EM bacteria agent：Starter fertilizer quality proportioning is 1:1, its mass concentration is 7.2%。
Step（2）Described charcoal fertilizer, its compound method are：
104 parts of water, 17 parts of glucose, 3.2 parts of calcium chloride, 2.4 parts of boric acid, 1.3 parts of zinc sulfate, sulfuric acid are weighed according to quality meter part 1.4 parts of manganese, 1.2 parts of potassium chloride, 0.45 part of magnesium chloride, 0.23 part of copper sulphate, mineral matter is made after preparation raw material is well mixed Nutrient solution, the EM bacteria agent of its quality 5.3% is added into mineral solution, be sprayed to after stirring on charcoal, in 27 DEG C of temperature Lower fermentation 2 days, charcoal fertilizer is made.
Step（2）Described organic fertilizer, its compound method are：
Weigh 54 parts of wood chip according to quality meter part, 32 parts of maize straw, 20 parts of cow dung, 14 parts of peat soil, grape fall leaves 12 parts, it is useless 8 parts of grape is abandoned, the starter fertilizer of its gross mass 3.4% of mixing addition after preparation raw material is crushed, compost fermentation is made for 6 days to be had Machine fertilizer.
Step（4）Described bactericide, its compound method are：
13 parts of Folium Meliae, 7.5 parts of neem fruit, 6 parts of metasequoia pine needle, 5 parts of crape myrtle, 3.4 parts of Zou Ju, one side of something are weighed according to quality meter part 2 parts of lotus, 1.3 parts of the tuber of pinellia, the water of 6.5 times of its gross mass is added after preparation raw material is crushed, boiling water boiling 1.5h, is concentrated after filtering To original volume 1/4, bactericide is made.
Embodiment 2：
（1）Soil management：Grape growing region soil is first deep ploughed 1 time, then using rotary cultivator to soil rotary tillage after deep ploughing 2 times, Granularity in soil is reduced, promotes root growth, reuses abamectin solution and soil is sprayed, plastic covering film dries in the air Shine 7 days, closed covering bactericidal liquid has after sprinkling acts on compared with Thief zone, improves bactericidal effect, then reuses mix bacterium agent spray Soil is spilt, promotes soil with organic matter and heavy metal component degraded, film covering stands 8 days；
（2）Fertilising：Fertilizer laying is carried out to wine-growing soil, from bottom to top 4 layers, respectively underlying soil layer, thickness altogether The upper layer of soil layer that the organic fertilizer layer and thickness that charcoal fertilizer layer, thickness for 2.8cm are 5.6cm are 8.5cm, and in October Bottom at the beginning of -11 months every mu according to 480kg organic fertilizers, in the 3-4 months, every mu imposes multi-elements composite fertilizer according to 94kg；Charcoal is can absorb Nutritional ingredient, moisture and microorganism, the ability of the solid fertile moisturizing of soil is improved, and organic fertilizer can drop using discarded organic matter as raw material Low wine-growing cost；
（3）Grape is planted：Grapevine seedling is planted according to strain spacing 24cm, line space 57cm, and sets up double-deck wire netting Layer, lower floor wire netting height off the ground 1.7m, layer is climbed for grapevine, upper strata wire netting is that protection network lays layer, reduces birds, evil Infringement of the worm to grape, it is highly 37cm away from lower floor's iron wire, and grape root is equipped with dropper pipeline, and every 5 days to dropper pond The middle mineral solution for adding water quality 15% carries out dropper, can improve vintage and sugar content；
（4）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：To grape growing region being covered using transparent plastic film before grape dispenser, use AVM hereinafter in every 12 days Rhzomorph solution atomization 1 time, time 2h, use plant sterilization solution atomization 1 time within every 8 days, time 4h；Use plant-derived sterilization Agent, can reduce pest and disease damage rate and Pesticide use amount, and using atomization method after covering, have sterilization comprehensively, thoroughly, efficiently, The characteristics of without sprinkling dead angle；
（5）Daily management：Keeping soil moisture content, grape is trimmed after bearing fruit to upper strata grape leaf, under holding 68% Layer light transmittance is 23%, and fruit and cauline leaf is sprayed 1 time in every 6 days using mineral solution.
Step（1）Described abamectin solution, its extension rate are 800 times.
Step（1）Described mix bacterium agent, wherein EM bacteria agent：Starter fertilizer quality proportioning is 1:1, its mass concentration is 8.5%。
Step（2）Described charcoal fertilizer, its compound method are：
117 parts of water, 19 parts of glucose, 3.8 parts of calcium chloride, 2.7 parts of boric acid, 1.8 parts of zinc sulfate, sulfuric acid are weighed according to quality meter part 1.7 parts of manganese, 1.8 parts of potassium chloride, 0.52 part of magnesium chloride, 0.28 part of copper sulphate, mineral matter is made after preparation raw material is well mixed Solution, the EM bacteria agent of its quality 5.7% is added into mineral solution, be sprayed to after stirring on charcoal, at a temperature of 29 DEG C Fermentation 3 days, charcoal fertilizer is made.
Step（2）Described organic fertilizer, its compound method are：
Weigh 57 parts of wood chip according to quality meter part, 34 parts of maize straw, 23 parts of cow dung, 17 parts of peat soil, grape fall leaves 14 parts, it is useless 9 parts of grape is abandoned, the starter fertilizer of its gross mass 3.8% of mixing addition after preparation raw material is crushed, compost fermentation is made for 7 days to be had Machine fertilizer.
Step（4）Described bactericide, its compound method are：
14 parts of Folium Meliae, 8.6 parts of neem fruit, 7 parts of metasequoia pine needle, 6 parts of crape myrtle, 4.2 parts of Zou Ju, one side of something are weighed according to quality meter part 3 parts of lotus, 1.8 parts of the tuber of pinellia, the water of 7.5 times of its gross mass is added after preparation raw material is crushed, boiling water boiling 2h, is concentrated into after filtering Original volume 1/4, bactericide is made.
Contrast 1：
This contrast 1 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 1（1）Middle abamectin solution and mix bacterium agent use, other steps with Embodiment 1 is identical.
Contrast 2：
This contrast 2 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 1（2）Middle fertilizing method, other steps are same as Example 1.
Contrast 3：
This contrast 3 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 1（2）Middle charcoal fertilizer uses, and other steps are same as Example 1.
Contrast 4：
This contrast 4 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 2（3）、（5）Mineral solution uses, other steps and embodiment 2 It is identical.
Contrast 5：
This contrast 5 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 2（4）Middle pest control method, other steps are same as Example 2.
Control group：
Control group uses traditional cultivation method in sand, and agent, soil treatment method, fertilizing method, charcoal fertilizer, mineral are not used Matter solution and pest control method.
It is above-mentioned to embodiment 1, embodiment 2, contrast 1, contrast 2, contrast 3, contrast 4, contrast 5 and control group experimental program Kyoto grape is planted in experiment, is carried out by the average yield per mu of kyoto grape, sugar content, lead content and Pesticide use ratio Compare.
Experimental data：
Project Average yield per mu kg Sugar content % Lead content mg/kg Pesticide use ratio %
Embodiment 1 2357 13.4 0.011 52.6
Embodiment 2 2362 13.1 0.012 53.2
Contrast 1 2331 13.3 0.022 66.5
Contrast 2 2255 12.5 0.024 60.8
Contrast 3 2275 12.7 0.021 58.3
Contrast 4 2323 12.1 0.013 53.1
Contrast 5 2300 12.9 0.012 72.792
Control group 2013 10.7 0.046 100
Synthesis result：The inventive method plants kyoto grape, and compared with control group, its average yield per mu improves 344kg, and sugar contains Amount improves 2.7%, and lead content reduces 0.035mg/kg, and Pesticide use ratio reduces by 47.4%.Using soil management, fertilizing method and Charcoal fertilizer, its average yield per mu improve 26kg, 102kg, 82kg, and sugar content improves 0.1%, 0.9%, 0.7%, and lead content reduces 0.011mg/kg、0.013 mg/kg、0.010 mg/kg；And mineral solution and pest control method are used, average yield per mu 39kg, 62kg are improved, sugar content improves 1.0%, 0%, and Pesticide use ratio declines 0,19.6%.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. method of sand grape high-yield cultivation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    （1）Soil management：Grape growing region soil is first deep ploughed 1 time, then using rotary cultivator to soil rotary tillage after deep ploughing 2 times, Reuse abamectin solution to spray soil, plastic covering film dries 5-7 days, then reuses mix bacterium agent sprinkling Soil, film covering stand 6-8 days；
    （2）Fertilising：Fertilizer laying is carried out to wine-growing soil, from bottom to top 4 layers, respectively underlying soil layer, thickness altogether The upper layer of soil layer that the organic fertilizer layer and thickness that charcoal fertilizer layer, thickness for 2-3cm are 4-6cm are 7-9cm, and in October Bottom at the beginning of -11 months every mu according to 450-500kg organic fertilizers, in the 3-4 months, every mu imposes multi-elements composite fertilizer according to 80-100kg；
    （3）Grape is planted：Grapevine seedling is planted according to strain spacing 20-25cm, line space 50-60cm, and sets up bilayer Iron wire stratum reticulare, lower floor wire netting height off the ground 1.5-1.7m, layer is climbed for grapevine, upper strata wire netting is that protection network lays layer, It is highly 30-40cm away from lower floor's iron wire, and grape root is equipped with dropper pipeline, every to add water quality into dropper pond within 4-5 days The mineral solution for measuring 13%-16% carries out dropper；
    （4）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：To being covered grape growing region using transparent plastic film before grape dispenser, used per 10-12 days Abamectin solution is atomized 1 time, time 1-2h, plant sterilization solution atomization is used per 7-8 days 1 time, time 3-4h；
    （5）Daily management：Keeping soil moisture content, grape is trimmed after bearing fruit to upper strata grape leaf in 60%-70%, is protected It is 21%-24% to hold lower floor's light transmittance, and fruit and cauline leaf are sprayed 1 time per 5-6 days using mineral solution.
  2. 2. the method for sand grape high-yield cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）Described Ah Rhzomorph solution is tieed up, its extension rate is 800 times.
  3. 3. the method for sand grape high-yield cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）Described is mixed Close microbial inoculum, wherein EM bacteria agent：Starter fertilizer quality proportioning is 1:1, its mass concentration is 7%-9%.
  4. 4. the method for sand grape high-yield cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（2）Described wood Charcoal fertilizer, its compound method are：
    Water 100-120 parts, glucose 16-20 parts, calcium chloride 3-4 parts, boric acid 2-3 parts, zinc sulfate 1-2 are weighed according to quality meter part Part, manganese sulfate 1-2 parts, potassium chloride 1-2 parts, magnesium chloride 0.4-0.6 parts, copper sulphate 0.2-0.3 parts, preparation raw material is well mixed Mineral solution is made afterwards, its quality 5%-6% EM bacteria agent is added into mineral solution, charcoal is sprayed to after stirring On, fermented 2-3 days at a temperature of 26-30 DEG C, charcoal fertilizer is made.
  5. 5. the method for sand grape high-yield cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（2）Described has Machine fertilizer, its compound method are：
    Wood chip 53-58 parts, maize straw 31-35 parts, cow dung 19-24 parts, peat soil 13-18 parts, Portugal are weighed according to quality meter part Grape fallen leaves 11-15 parts, discarded grape 7-10 parts, mixing its gross mass of addition 3%-4% fertilizer fermentation after preparation raw material is crushed Organic fertilizer is made in 5-7 days in agent, compost fermentation.
  6. 6. the method for sand grape high-yield cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（4）Described plant Thing bactericide, its compound method are：
    Folium Meliae 12-15 parts, neem fruit 7-9 parts, metasequoia pine needle 5-8 parts, crape myrtle 4-7 parts, Zou Ju 3-5 are weighed according to quality meter part Part, Chinese lobelia 1-4 parts, tuber of pinellia 1-2 parts, add the water of 6-8 times of its gross mass after preparation raw material is crushed, boiling water boiling 1-2h, Original volume 1/4 is concentrated into after filtering, bactericide is made.
CN201710846470.3A 2017-09-19 2017-09-19 A kind of method of sand grape high-yield cultivation Pending CN107683739A (en)

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Application publication date: 20180213