CN103563634B - Flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation operational method - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation operational method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103563634B CN103563634B CN201310543602.7A CN201310543602A CN103563634B CN 103563634 B CN103563634 B CN 103563634B CN 201310543602 A CN201310543602 A CN 201310543602A CN 103563634 B CN103563634 B CN 103563634B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation operational method, the cigarette district that it is transplanted after being applicable to first covering film, as far as possible effective water is at utmost laid in cigarette strain root system, and obviously reduce cured tobacco production water, saving water resource, soil moisture content can be kept to impel suitable (reaching liquid manure to mix well) the cigarette strain of cigarette strain rhizospheric environment to grow fine, and the suitable tobacco leaf producing high-quality of final acquisition, increases tobacco grower's income simultaneously.Compared with existing flue-cured tobacco film-mulching technique, the present invention can deliver to cigarette strain root system liquid manure in good time, training torsion tobacco grower not science waters water fertilizing custom, because transplanting, rear cigarette seedling lack of water tobacco plant nutrition is bad causes the later stage " end baking " phenomenon in solution, save water source, reduce cured tobacco production cost, owing to greatly reducing irrigation times, because this reducing labour intensity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, especially a kind of flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation operational method.
Background technology
Along with floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco, film-mulching technique etc. apply the flue-cured tobacco comprehensive production technology forming complete set, but along with cigarette enterprise is more and more higher to the requirement of level on raw tobacco material, in the face of how severe physioclimate changes cured tobacco production development pattern, produce more to the first-class cigarette of first-class cigarette or middle part, needed for cigarette industry, quality raw materials provide safeguard, and each tobacco leaf producing region is making great efforts to explore always.In conjunction with leaf tobacco production practical problem in recent years, after flue-cured tobacco transplanting and transplanting, how water conservation promotes that normal (well) of cigarette seedling growth is the theme of research and probe always, although build large quantities of reservoir, Ba Tang, pipe network pile tube, water channel in recent years, but when flue-cured tobacco transplanting water, often the water source such as reservoir is precarious in some cigarette districts, even dry, all water conservancy projects equipment plays not come.
Wenshan Prefecture is located in southeastern Yunnan, and east and City: A Case Study in Baise are adjoined, and west, north are connected with Qujing with Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe inside the province respectively, and south and Vietnam border on.Mountain of papers is as Yunnan Flue-cured Tobacco standby Main Tobacco Planting district, tobacco purchasing amount is about 1,400,000, but in recent years all will face the drought stress of about more than month before and after flue-cured tobacco transplanting, it is particularly outstanding that weather continues (intermittently) property Arid Problem, side's water can be sold for 35 yuan-50 yuan and not wait (containing freight charges).This brings and has a strong impact on to agricultural economy industry development, people's productive life, livestock drinking-water, especially flue-cured tobacco is mountain of papers major economic crops, the arid that transplanting time continues, planting the cigarette plot regular lack of water of topsoil makes cigarette strain can not absorb fertilizer and moisture (nutrient) in time, the long even therefore cigarette seedling death in not long also seedling stage of the cigarette strain crouching pool is caused to lack the pool, how serious restriction cured tobacco production development, be transported to cigarette strain root system limited liquid manure aggregation and directly determine yield of tobacco, quality, tobacco grower's income.
There are the following problems for existing flue-cured tobacco film-mulching technique: 1, some producing regions tobacco grower waters liquid manure and waters cigarette moisture in the soil surface, but the organ that cigarette strain absorbs liquid manure is root system, causes liquid manure to run off.2, in the face of abnormal climate in recent years, the arid water resource that takes place frequently seems very precious, one side's water can be sold for 35 yuan-50 yuan and not wait (containing freight charges), but the present sprinkling method of tobacco grower is for directly watering cigarette strain surface, even overflows in cigarette ditch because watering excessive velocities water because tobacco and sugar is too small.3, current tobacco grower waters fertile method not science, cigarette moisture in the soil surface dry spraying fertilizer and have part tobacco grower to there is the phenomenon of not overburden soil after fertilising.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: a kind of flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation operational method is provided, the limited water resources such as natural precipitation are laid in cigarette strain rhizosphere soil by greatest extent, and make tobacco plant nutrition good, growth and development is good, improve yield of tobacco, quality, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved in that flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation operational method, comprises the steps:
1) according to standardization reason moisture in the soil, the equally distributed cigarette pool is dug out in resonable good moisture in the soil face, use sufficient covering with plastic film after base fertilizer, and it is inner to make mulch film compacting be affixed on the cigarette pool, the mulch film at Yan Tang center breaks out a water seepage hole, with dry ground by film lid live, when rainfall rainwater naturally flows into the cigarette pool inside water store be conducive to flue-cured tobacco drought resisting transplanting;
2) select the cigarette seedling of suitable seedling age according to natural climate condition and soil moisture content, utilize transplantation device or hoe by cigarette transplantation of seedlings in the cigarette pool; Water while placement cigarette seedling, every strain cigarette seedling irrigation amount is 1kg, and tobacco root system and water, soil are merged; After water has fallen, cover cigarette seedling base portion with dry ground, and cut off soil capillary, prevented moisture from evaporating, realize open fire and deeply plant;
3) in cigarette transplantation of seedlings after 7-10 days, break ground at the position rupture of membranes of distance cigarette strain 12-18cm and deliver to cigarette strain root system by dissolving abundant fertilizer water, then cover dry ground, guarantee that the fertilizer water watered does not evaporate;
4) before the rainy season set after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, collection rain rill is set between cigarette moisture in the soil, and at least one Ji Yuba is set in collection rain rill, Ji Yuba and cigarette moisture in the soil form water collecting device easy one by one, natural precipitation by collection rain rill from cigarette go up a slope down flow to Ji Yuba after be plugged, the rainwater blocked is absorbed by cigarette moisture in the soil again, plays water-retaining effect effect, and then by cigarette strain Root Absorption, realize preserve moisture and fertility;
5) other field management measure is managed identical with conventional mulch film smoke pipe.
Described cigarette pool diameter is more than 35cm, and the degree of depth is 20-30cm; The diameter of water seepage hole is 3-5cm.
In step 3), carry out rupture of membranes and to break ground and the apparatus applying fertilizer is flue-cured tobacco deeply waters hydraulic giant.
In step 3), the concrete operations of topdressing are, after transplanting in 7-10 days, use N:P for every mu
2o
5: K
2the composite fertilizer of O=15:0:33 10 kilograms, after being watered, burrowing to water at ring cigarette strain root 12-18cm place and executes according to liquid manure than the ratio of 100:1.
Utility model patent applied for by the flue-cured tobacco hydraulic giant that deeply waters, and obtains mandate, and its application number is: 201120285146.7.
In the present invention, fertilizer water application number disclosed in Chinese patent of employing is the liquid fertilizer specially for water-saving irrigation disclosed in the patent of invention of 200410073244.9.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, compared with prior art, the cigarette district that the present invention transplants after being especially applicable to first covering film, as far as possible effective water is at utmost laid in cigarette strain root system, and obviously reduce cured tobacco production water, saving water resource, soil moisture content can be kept simultaneously to impel suitable (reaching liquid manure to mix well) the cigarette strain of cigarette strain rhizospheric environment to grow fine, the tobacco leaf producing high-quality is fitted in final acquisition, increases tobacco grower's income.Compared with existing flue-cured tobacco film-mulching technique, the present invention can deliver to cigarette strain root system liquid manure in good time, training torsion tobacco grower not science waters water fertilizing custom, because transplanting, rear cigarette seedling lack of water tobacco plant nutrition is bad causes the later stage " end baking " phenomenon in solution, save water source, reduce cured tobacco production cost, owing to greatly reducing irrigation times, because this reducing labour intensity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the flow chart of step 1) in embodiments of the invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is step 2 in embodiments of the invention) flow chart;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the flow chart of step 3) in embodiments of the invention;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the flow chart of step 4) in embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention: flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation operational method, comprises the steps:
1) according to the flue-cured tobacco standardized production requirement of Yunnan Wenshan Prefecture, reason moisture in the soil moisture in the soil bottom width degree is 120cm, and cigarette moisture in the soil height is 25cm, accomplish that the smooth soil in moisture in the soil face is thin, guarantee that moisture in the soil face width degree is at 40-60cm, the equally distributed cigarette pool is dug out in resonable good moisture in the soil face, cigarette pool diameter is more than 35cm, and the degree of depth is 25cm; Use sufficient covering with plastic film after base fertilizer, and place a little mass of soil (can not excessive can compacting film) at Yan Tang center, make mulch film compacting be affixed on the cigarette pool inner, it is the water seepage hole of 3-5cm that the mulch film at Yan Tang center breaks out a diameter, with dry ground by film lid firmly; When rainfall, rainwater naturally flows into inner water is stored in the cigarette pool and is conducive to flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and transplants, as shown in Figure 1;
2) select the cigarette seedling of suitable seedling age according to natural climate condition and soil moisture content, utilize transplantation device to carry out cigarette transplantation of seedlings, the handle covering transplantation device with hand inserts transplantation device insertion Yan Tang center (degree of depth is more than 25cm), in the cigarette pool; Water while placement cigarette seedling, every strain cigarette seedling irrigation amount is 1kg, and end toper under transplantation device is opened in left and right simultaneously, and tobacco root system and water, soil are slowly merged; After water has fallen, cover cigarette seedling base portion with dry ground, and cut off soil capillary, prevented moisture from evaporating, realize open fire and deeply plant; As shown in Figure 2;
3) in step 3), the concrete operations of topdressing are, after transplanting in 7-10 days, use N:P for every mu
2o
5: K
2the composite fertilizer of O=15:0:33 10 kilograms, after being watered, utilizes the flue-cured tobacco hydraulic giant rupture of membranes that deeply waters to break ground according to liquid manure than the ratio of 100:1 at ring cigarette strain root 12-18cm place, and deliver to cigarette strain root system by dissolving abundant fertilizer water, cover dry ground again, guarantee that the fertilizer water watered does not evaporate, as shown in Figure 3;
4) before and after the early June after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, collection rain rill is set between cigarette moisture in the soil, and at least one Ji Yuba is set in collection rain rill, Ji Yuba and cigarette moisture in the soil form water collecting device easy one by one, natural precipitation by collection rain rill from cigarette go up a slope down flow to Ji Yuba after be plugged, the rainwater blocked is absorbed by cigarette moisture in the soil again, plays water-retaining effect effect, and then by cigarette strain Root Absorption, realize preserve moisture and fertility; As shown in Figure 4;
5) other field management measure is managed identical with conventional mulch film smoke pipe.
Claims (2)
1. a flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation operational method, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) according to standardization reason moisture in the soil, the equally distributed cigarette pool is dug out in resonable good moisture in the soil face, use sufficient covering with plastic film after base fertilizer, and it is inner to make mulch film compacting be affixed on the cigarette pool, the mulch film at Yan Tang center breaks out a water seepage hole, with dry ground by film lid live, when rainfall rainwater naturally flows into the cigarette pool inside water store be conducive to flue-cured tobacco drought resisting transplanting;
2) select the cigarette seedling of suitable seedling age according to natural climate condition and soil moisture content, utilize transplantation device or hoe by cigarette transplantation of seedlings in the cigarette pool; Water while placement cigarette seedling, every strain cigarette seedling irrigation amount is 1kg, and tobacco root system and water, soil are merged; After water has fallen, cover cigarette seedling base portion with dry ground, and cut off soil capillary, prevented moisture from evaporating, realize open fire and deeply plant;
3) in cigarette transplantation of seedlings 7-10 days, break ground at the position rupture of membranes of distance cigarette strain 12-18cm and deliver to cigarette strain root system by dissolving abundant fertilizer water, then cover dry ground, guarantee that the fertilizer water watered does not evaporate; Carry out rupture of membranes to break ground and the apparatus applying fertilizer is flue-cured tobacco deeply waters hydraulic giant; The concrete operations of topdressing are, after transplanting in 7-10 days, use N:P for every mu
2o
5: K
2the composite fertilizer of O=15:0:33 10 kilograms, after being watered, burrowing to water at ring cigarette strain root 12-18cm place and executes according to liquid manure than the ratio of 100:1;
4) before the rainy season set after cigarette transplantation of seedlings, collection rain rill is set between cigarette moisture in the soil, and at least one Ji Yuba is set in collection rain rill, Ji Yuba and cigarette moisture in the soil form water collecting device easy one by one, natural precipitation by collection rain rill from cigarette go up a slope down flow to Ji Yuba after be plugged, the rainwater blocked is absorbed by cigarette moisture in the soil again, plays water-retaining effect effect, and then by cigarette strain Root Absorption, realize preserve moisture and fertility;
5) other field management measure is managed identical with conventional mulch film smoke pipe.
2. flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation operational method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cigarette pool diameter is more than 35cm, and the degree of depth is 20-30cm; The diameter of water seepage hole is 3-5cm.
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| CN104620818B (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2017-11-03 | 河南省烟草公司漯河市公司 | N in Tobacco Potassium Fertilizer cultural method |
| CN104770197B (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2017-08-25 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of sloping upland ramie cultural method |
| CN105075647A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Rainwater harvesting and drought resisting transplanting method adopting butterfly-shaped double-row concave ridges with large pits for deep application and used for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN106900338A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-06-30 | 六盘水市烟草公司盘县分公司 | A kind of cigarette mulch film next part rain method for transplanting and collection rain structure |
| CN108739207A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-06 | 河南农业大学 | Flue-cured tobacco drought resisting and water saving cultivation method |
| CN109691373A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-04-30 | 湖北省烟草公司襄阳市公司 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco water-saving cultivation method |
| CN113099968B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-08-19 | 乐山长藿中药材有限公司 | Epimedium pubescens seedling culture method |
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