CN104521503A - Ginseng facility cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a ginseng facility cultivation method and belongs to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicine materials. The method includes the following steps that soil is selected and processed, a greenhouse and ancillary facilities are built, base oil is processed, furrows are made, special nutrient blocks for ginseng cultivation are used, seeds are sown, water and fertilizer management is performed, insect and disease prevention is performed, the greenhouse is erected and detached, a greenhouse film and the specification of a shading net are determined, the temperature and the humidity of the greenhouse are managed, and transplantation is performed. The method can be popularized on a large scale on non-forestry land, a lot of forest resources are saved, the ginseng cultivation greenhouse can be built on the soil where terrain is high, environment is dry, wind sheltering and sun exposure can be achieved, drainage is good, and soil infectious soil diseases do not exist, ginseng cultivation can be performed without using forestry soil, the method conforms to the development direction of the medicinal plant planting industry and facility agricultural production at home and abroad, and application and popularization prospects are wide.

Description

A kind of method of facility cultivation ginseng

Technical field

The invention belongs to traditional Chinese medicine field of planting, specifically a kind of method of facility cultivation ginseng.

Background technology

Ginseng is Araliaceae, and Panax herbaceos perennial is rare traditional Chinese medicine.China's cultivated ginseng has the history in over thousands of year, people are in cultivation research for many years, have accumulated the experience of many plantation ginsengs, ginseng is shade plant, the weather that happiness is shady and cool, moistening, be grown in the gentle slope, mountain region of the little height above sea level of day and night temperature 240 ~ 2700 meters or the theropencedrymion of slope land or shaw, disease resistance is poor more.

At present, Chinese people ginseng cultivating mainly continues to use the planting type going back woods after traditional deforestation plants ginseng (new woods is native plants ginseng), ginseng, add that ginseng ground multidigit is in the mountain that has inconvenient traffic, conventional ginseng cultivation mode wastes a large amount of forest land resources and human resources, add ginseng production cost, limit the seed output and quality of high-quality ginseng.In addition, ginseng is the same with other perennial plants, avoid ground property very strong, can not continuous cropping, can not continuous cropping, ginseng continuous cropping, crop rotation there will be serious plant disease, burn must, rotten serious, although traditional culture of ginseng mode output is higher, the ecotope in heavy damage forest zone, mountain area, comprehensive benefit is not high.The farmland ginseng planting that the ginseng producing country such as Korea S, Japan, Canada, the U.S. adopts does not destroy ecology, and shortcoming yields poorly, and disease is serious, and improvement cost in ground, farmland is high, and the cycle is long, and farmland ginseng planting exist equally can not continuous cropping and continuous cropping problem.

Through consulting prior art, find existing about the report utilizing the agricultural facility cultivated ginsengs such as booth, as Chinese patent CN103039262B discloses a kind of booth nutritive cube culture of ginseng method, this patent utilization Northeast Normal University functional material chemistry institute is developed into the special seedling-culture nutrition blocks of a kind of compression ginseng (ZL201010164887.X) as cultivation matrix, realize facility, regulation and standardization cultivated ginseng on non-forestry land, extend ginseng vegetative period, shorten the culture of ginseng phase.But what this invention adopted is the special seedling-culture nutrition blocks of ginseng, and this nutritive cube is applicable to the raising ginseng seedlings stage, can not provide sufficient nutrient for the whole growth cycle of ginseng, therefore this invention is actual can not realize the beneficial effect described in invention book.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to the defect existed for prior art, propose a kind of method of facility cultivation ginseng.

For achieving the above object, concrete technical scheme provided by the invention is:

A method for facility cultivation ginseng, comprises the following steps:

1) soil is selected and process:

Selection physical features is high and dry, hidding and sunny side, and draining is good, does not have the place scaffolding of soil infection venereal disease evil, ploughs deeply table soil;

2) booth construction and affiliated facility:

Booth selects suitably height, installs cistern, installs ventilation, sunshade, damping, cooling system, mechanical spraying laxative equipment in canopy;

3) process of substrate soil and bedding:

Substrate soil preparation: add appropriate quicklime in the peat composed of rotten mosses after pulverizing, mixture pH numerical value is adjusted 6.5 ~ 7.0, and air-dry rice straw powder is broken to 1 ~ 2 centimetre, by peat, straw, wherein mass percent shared by peat is 50% ~ 70%, is uniformly mixed, sealed fermenting, material fermentation moisture is 30 ~ 45%, fermentation temperature 25 DEG C, humidity 80%, fermentation time 15 ~ 30 days, the mixture fermented again drying mixes with 5% activated carbon granule after sieving, and is put in aeration-drying place stand-by;

Bedding: substrate soil is made wide 150 ~ 200 centimetres, long 1000 ~ 1500 centimetres, high 10 ~ 20 centimetres, work road width 30 ~ 40 centimetres between bed and bed, work road lays 30 ~ 60 order sterilization river sands, ridge-up bed evenly applies the fermentation at 10 ~ 15 cm thicks and the straw after pulverizing and peat mixtures;

4) use of culture of ginseng special nutritive block:

Northeast Normal University's functional material chemistry institute is selected to be developed into the special seedling-culture nutrition blocks of a kind of compression ginseng (ZL201010164887.X) as cultivation matrix, substrate soil neatly puts raising ginseng seedlings special nutritive block, interblock is apart from 1 ~ 2 centimetre, put according to 5 × 5 one prescription formulas, group spacing 8 ~ 10 centimetres, put 200 ~ 300 pieces for every square metre, nutritive cube first sprays a little water, cause surface wettability, pouring water from ginseng bed edge with weep makes water logging not have nutrition block again, until nutritive cube suctions permeable completely, loose expansion, without hard core, booth specification is 8 meters wide, long 100 meters, the wide 150 centimetres of ginseng strings of planning four in booth, ginseng string spacing 40 centimetres,

5) seed is put:

In the preset hole of nutritive cube, click and enter the ginseng seeds after vernalization process, then every block point seed 1 ~ 2 covers the substrate soil of 2-3 cm thick process, and overburden soil, in 1 ~ April 1 March, after nutritive cube substrate soil covers, soaks with watering can by the some seed time;

6) water and fertilizer management:

Adopt drip irrigation technique to Additional nutrient solution in nutritive cube, containing nitrate of lime 680g in every 1000L nutrient solution, potassium nitrate 525g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200g, magnesium sulfate 250g, chelated iron (iron content 10%) 15g, manganese sulphate (containing manganese 28%) 1.78g, boric acid (boracic 20.5%) 2.43g, zinc sulphate (containing zinc 36%) 0.28g, copper sulphate (cupric 25%) 0.12g, sodium molybdate (containing molybdenum 39%) 0.128g, all the other are irrigation water, quality of irrigation water meets GB5084 secondary standard, nutrient solution electrical conductivity be 2 ~ 2.5 milli west/centimetre, pH value 6.5 ~ 7.0, temperature remains on 15 ~ 20 DEG C,

7) extermination of disease and insect pest:

Carry out control of insect at ventilating opening and entrance as installed fly net, 8 ~ 10 days laxatives once, select low residual, high-performance bio sterilization pesticide;

8) detain canopy and remove canopy:

The button canopy time, namely annual outdoor maximum temperature removed canopy lower than zero degree in continuous 3 days between 20 ~ March 15 February.Cold-proof preparation is carried out before removing canopy, on furrow face, cladding thickness is that 4 ~ 8 cm thick straw curtains are next cold-proof, Second Year to be cleared up accumulated snow in clean ginseng string and is covered canopy with mat and closes on February 20 afterwards, splash gentle canopy temperature, can remove straw curtain when ground temperature reaches 5 DEG C, in canopy, ground temperature reaches 10 DEG C and can carry out ginseng point seed;

9) canopy film and shade net specification:

Adopt light transmittance 80 ~ 85%, the special blue non-drop greenhouse film of thickness 0.08 ~ 0.12 centimetre of ginseng, late June to early August covers light transmittance 30% shade net, the short-term backheat weather proper extension shade net cover time after the beginning of autumn;

10) greenhouse temperature and moisture management:

Temperature of shed opens aeration-cooling equipment in canopy higher than when 27 DEG C, and after button canopy, when ginseng starts to emerge, temperature of shed remains on 18 ~ 25 DEG C, and it is aeration-cooling that temperature will take off canopy higher than 30 DEG C, incremental during temperature adjustment, controls booth humidity 70 ~ 80%;

11) transplant:

After 1 year seedling stage, seedling growth greenhouse is moved one stay a seedling according to often going here and there transverse and longitudinal by Second Year late May, retains 25% seedling and continues cultivation, guarantee to transplant not loose block, will water once before transplanting, band block code is put in plastic box also transplants on substrate soil, also can start to transplant in late September.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: can on non-forestry land large-scale promotion, save a large amount of forest resources, as long as physical features is high and dry, hidding and sunny side, draining is good, does not have the soil of soil infection venereal disease evil all can build culture of ginseng booth, does not need to use woods soil to carry out culture of ginseng; Add active carbon in substrate soil, effectively can adsorb the root rhizosphere secreta of ginseng, alleviate the Auto toxicity of ginseng, make Ginseng Growth cycle time, active principle accumulation is accelerated, and improves the quality and yield of ginseng; Booth nutritive cube culture of ginseng pattern take nutritive cube as matrix, by the temperature and humidity that booth artificial creation one is suitable, effectively can solve forest land and farmland ginseng planting can not the bottleneck problem of continuous cropping and continuous cropping, meet the developing direction of domestic and international medicinal plant plant husbandry and industrialized agriculture production, popularizing application prospect is wide.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1, facility cultivation ginseng

Selection physical features is high and dry, hidding and sunny side, and draining is good, does not have the place scaffolding of soil infection venereal disease evil, ploughs deeply table soil, booth selects suitably height, installs cistern, installs ventilation, sunshade, damping, cooling system, mechanical spraying laxative equipment in canopy, substrate soil preparation: add appropriate quicklime in the peat composed of rotten mosses after pulverizing, mixture pH numerical value is adjusted 6.5 ~ 7.0, and air-dry rice straw powder is broken to 1 ~ 2 centimetre, by peat, straw, wherein mass percent shared by peat is 50% ~ 70%, is uniformly mixed, sealed fermenting, material fermentation moisture is 30 ~ 45%, fermentation temperature 25 DEG C, humidity 80%, fermentation time 15 ~ 30 days, the mixture fermented again drying mixes with 5% activated carbon granule after sieving, and is put in aeration-drying place stand-by, bedding: substrate soil is made wide 150 ~ 200 centimetres, long 1000 ~ 1500 centimetres, high 10 ~ 20 centimetres, work road width 30 ~ 40 centimetres between bed and bed, work road lays 30 ~ 60 order sterilization river sands, ridge-up bed evenly applies the fermentation at 10 ~ 15 cm thicks and the straw after pulverizing and peat mixtures, Northeast Normal University's functional material chemistry institute is selected to be developed into the special seedling-culture nutrition blocks of a kind of compression ginseng (ZL201010164887.X) as cultivation matrix, substrate soil neatly puts raising ginseng seedlings special nutritive block, interblock is apart from 1 ~ 2 centimetre, put according to 5 × 5 one prescription formulas, group spacing 8 ~ 10 centimetres, put 200 ~ 300 pieces for every square metre, nutritive cube first sprays a little water, cause surface wettability, pouring water from ginseng bed edge with weep makes water logging not have nutrition block again, until nutritive cube suctions permeable completely, loose expansion, without hard core, booth specification is 8 meters wide, long 100 meters, the wide 150 centimetres of ginseng strings of planning four in booth, ginseng string spacing 40 centimetres, in the preset hole of nutritive cube, click and enter the ginseng seeds after vernalization process, then every block point seed 1 ~ 2 covers the substrate soil of 2-3 cm thick process, and overburden soil, in 1 ~ April 1 March, after nutritive cube substrate soil covers, soaks with watering can by the some seed time, adopt drip irrigation technique to Additional nutrient solution in nutritive cube, containing nitrate of lime 680g in every 1000L nutrient solution, potassium nitrate 525g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200g, magnesium sulfate 250g, chelated iron (iron content 10%) 15g, manganese sulphate (containing manganese 28%) 1.78g, boric acid (boracic 20.5%) 2.43g, zinc sulphate (containing zinc 36%) 0.28g, copper sulphate (cupric 25%) 0.12g, sodium molybdate (containing molybdenum 39%) 0.128g, all the other are irrigation water, quality of irrigation water meets GB5084 secondary standard, nutrient solution electrical conductivity be 2 ~ 2.5 milli west/centimetre, pH value 6.5 ~ 7.0, temperature remains on 15 ~ 20 DEG C, carry out control of insect at ventilating opening and entrance as installed fly net, 8 ~ 10 days laxatives once, select low residual, high-performance bio sterilization pesticide, the button canopy time was February 30, namely outdoor maximum temperature removes canopy lower than zero degree in continuous 3 days, cold-proof preparation is carried out before removing canopy, on furrow face, cladding thickness is that 4 ~ 8 cm thick straw curtains are next cold-proof, accumulated snow in the clean ginseng string of cleaning on Second Year February 20 is also covered canopy with mat and is closed, splash gentle canopy temperature, can remove straw curtain when ground temperature reaches 5 DEG C, in canopy, ground temperature reaches 10 DEG C and can carry out ginseng point seed, adopt light transmittance 80 ~ 85%, the special blue non-drop greenhouse film of thickness 0.08 ~ 0.12 centimetre of ginseng, late June to early August covers light transmittance 30% shade net, the short-term backheat weather proper extension shade net cover time after the beginning of autumn, temperature of shed opens aeration-cooling equipment in canopy higher than when 27 DEG C, and after button canopy, when ginseng starts to emerge, temperature of shed remains on 18 ~ 25 DEG C, and it is aeration-cooling that temperature will take off canopy higher than 30 DEG C, incremental during temperature adjustment, controls booth humidity 70 ~ 80%, after 1 year seedling stage, seedling growth greenhouse is moved one stay a seedling according to often going here and there transverse and longitudinal by Second Year late May, retains 25% seedling and continues cultivation, guarantee to transplant not loose block, will water once before transplanting, band block code is put in plastic box also transplants on substrate soil, also can start to transplant in late September.

Claims (1)

1. a method for facility cultivation ginseng, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

1) soil is selected and process:

Selection physical features is high and dry, hidding and sunny side, and draining is good, does not have the place scaffolding of soil infection venereal disease evil, ploughs deeply table soil;

2) booth construction and affiliated facility:

Booth selects suitably height, installs cistern, installs ventilation, sunshade, damping, cooling system, mechanical spraying laxative equipment in canopy;

3) process of substrate soil and bedding:

Substrate soil preparation: add appropriate quicklime in the peat composed of rotten mosses after pulverizing, mixture pH numerical value is adjusted 6.5 ~ 7.0, and air-dry rice straw powder is broken to 1 ~ 2 centimetre, by peat, straw, wherein mass percent shared by peat is 50% ~ 70%, is uniformly mixed, sealed fermenting, material fermentation moisture is 30 ~ 45%, fermentation temperature 25 DEG C, humidity 80%, fermentation time 15 ~ 30 days, the mixture fermented again drying mixes with 5% activated carbon granule after sieving, and is put in aeration-drying place stand-by;

Bedding: substrate soil is made wide 150 ~ 200 centimetres, long 1000 ~ 1500 centimetres, high 10 ~ 20 centimetres, work road width 30 ~ 40 centimetres between bed and bed, work road lays 30 ~ 60 order sterilization river sands, ridge-up bed evenly applies the fermentation at 10 ~ 15 cm thicks and the straw after pulverizing and peat mixtures;

4) use of culture of ginseng special nutritive block:

Northeast Normal University's functional material chemistry institute is selected to be developed into the special seedling-culture nutrition blocks of a kind of compression ginseng (ZL201010164887.X) as cultivation matrix, substrate soil neatly puts raising ginseng seedlings special nutritive block, interblock is apart from 1 ~ 2 centimetre, put according to 5 × 5 one prescription formulas, group spacing 8 ~ 10 centimetres, put 200 ~ 300 pieces for every square metre, nutritive cube first sprays a little water, cause surface wettability, pouring water from ginseng bed edge with weep makes water logging not have nutrition block again, until nutritive cube suctions permeable completely, loose expansion, without hard core, booth specification is 8 meters wide, long 100 meters, the wide 150 centimetres of ginseng strings of planning four in booth, ginseng string spacing 40 centimetres,

5) seed is put:

In the preset hole of nutritive cube, click and enter the ginseng seeds after vernalization process, then every block point seed 1 ~ 2 covers the substrate soil of 2-3 cm thick process, and overburden soil, in 1 ~ April 1 March, after nutritive cube substrate soil covers, soaks with watering can by the some seed time;

6) water and fertilizer management:

Adopt drip irrigation technique to Additional nutrient solution in nutritive cube, containing nitrate of lime 680g in every 1000L nutrient solution, potassium nitrate 525g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200g, magnesium sulfate 250g, chelated iron (iron content 10%) 15g, manganese sulphate (containing manganese 28%) 1.78g, boric acid (boracic 20.5%) 2.43g, zinc sulphate (containing zinc 36%) 0.28g, copper sulphate (cupric 25%) 0.12g, sodium molybdate (containing molybdenum 39%) 0.128g, all the other are irrigation water, quality of irrigation water meets GB5084 secondary standard, nutrient solution electrical conductivity be 2 ~ 2.5 milli west/centimetre, pH value 6.5 ~ 7.0, temperature remains on 15 ~ 20 DEG C,

7) extermination of disease and insect pest:

Carry out control of insect at ventilating opening and entrance as installed fly net, 8 ~ 10 days laxatives once, select low residual, high-performance bio sterilization pesticide;

8) detain canopy and remove canopy:

The button canopy time, namely annual outdoor maximum temperature removed canopy lower than zero degree in continuous 3 days between 20 ~ March 15 February.Cold-proof preparation is carried out before removing canopy, on furrow face, cladding thickness is that 4 ~ 8 cm thick straw curtains are next cold-proof, Second Year to be cleared up accumulated snow in clean ginseng string and is covered canopy with mat and closes on February 20 afterwards, splash gentle canopy temperature, can remove straw curtain when ground temperature reaches 5 DEG C, in canopy, ground temperature reaches 10 DEG C and can carry out ginseng point seed;

9) canopy film and shade net specification:

Adopt light transmittance 80 ~ 85%, the special blue non-drop greenhouse film of thickness 0.08 ~ 0.12 centimetre of ginseng, late June to early August covers light transmittance 30% shade net, the short-term backheat weather proper extension shade net cover time after the beginning of autumn;

10) greenhouse temperature and moisture management:

Temperature of shed opens aeration-cooling equipment in canopy higher than when 27 DEG C, and after button canopy, when ginseng starts to emerge, temperature of shed remains on 18 ~ 25 DEG C, and it is aeration-cooling that temperature will take off canopy higher than 30 DEG C, incremental during temperature adjustment, controls booth humidity 70 ~ 80%;

11) transplant:

After 1 year seedling stage, seedling growth greenhouse is moved one stay a seedling according to often going here and there transverse and longitudinal by Second Year late May, retains 25% seedling and continues cultivation, guarantee to transplant not loose block, will water once before transplanting, band block code is put in plastic box also transplants on substrate soil, also can start to transplant in late September.