CN108901721A - A kind of new and effective cultural method in ginseng farmland - Google Patents
A kind of new and effective cultural method in ginseng farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN108901721A CN108901721A CN201810674518.1A CN201810674518A CN108901721A CN 108901721 A CN108901721 A CN 108901721A CN 201810674518 A CN201810674518 A CN 201810674518A CN 108901721 A CN108901721 A CN 108901721A
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- ginseng
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- drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of new and effective cultural method in ginseng farmland, the combination of the water integrated operational research technique of innovation and drip irrigation fertilizer based on cultivation mode, realize the optimization of culture of ginseng space preparation and the efficient utilization of nutrient, Water Resources, agricultural production efficiency is greatly improved, the sustainable development and utilization of resource are conducive to.Optimize the field Spacing form of conventional ginseng cultivation, change the mode of traditional peasant household's culture of ginseng, save cumbersome process, not only increase operating efficiency, and improve survival rate of seedlings, spatial distribution is optimized, planting density is increased, is conducive to ventilation, the ventilative growth and development for being more suitable for ginseng.Using water-fertilizer integral way to manage, the level of resources utilization of moisture and nutrient is substantially increased, reduces environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization, is conducive to the sustainable development of resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of new and effective cultural method in ginseng farmland, is changed to existing farmland culture of ginseng method
Into substantially increasing ginseng production efficiency, belong to culture of ginseng method field.
Background technique
Ginseng (Panax ginsengC. A. Mey) it is Araliaceae, Panax, herbaceos perennial, referred to as
" King of Herbs ".Ginseng likes the moist climate that cools, and the plantation that focuses mostly in the past is in the forest zones such as Changbai mountain, Jilin and Liaoning Province
Some areas.But as the rising of people's demand, and the continuous improvement that cultivation is horizontal are put down by extensive introduction and Experiment
The area and ratio of former farmland ginseng planting are continuously improved, but the requirement due to farmland ginseng planting to climatic environment and edaphic condition compared with
It is influenced by water, fertilizer regulation difficulty, effective survival rate of seedlings is poor, low density is existing for farmland ginseng planting in addition to soil improvement for harshness
One big problem, has seriously affected the yield and quality of ginseng, directly reduces the economic benefit of ginseng agriculture, even more constrains farmland cultivation
The popularization of ginseng technology.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of new and effective cultural method in ginseng farmland, solves existing farmland culture of ginseng method and exists
That manual operation efficiency is low, rich water is planned strategies for is difficult, causes culture of ginseng by meteorologic factor（Mainly precipitation）It restricts seriously, leads
Cause the outstanding problems such as effective survival rate of seedlings is poor, density is low.
A kind of farmland new high-efficiency cultural method of the present invention specifically uses following technical solution：
Step 1, selection of land and preparation ginseng soil：
High-land is selected, for the gradient between 5 ~ 15 degree, it is fertile that the soil is porous, and bottom contains sand or grit, and water holding capacity is strong, and drains flooded fields
The good soil of effect；It is artificial that 30% organic fertilizer, 1.5% disinfectant and 20% grit is added before site preparation（Mass ratio）In soil, structure
It builds one kind and is more nearly the forest humus soil body；
Step 2, manually make ginseng bed：
Ginseng furrow range and work road delimited according to landform, work road soil be transferred on ridge-up bed, and is prepared using step 1
Soil, be fabricated to section be trapezoidal ginseng bed, ginseng bed height be 30cm, 60 degree of bottom slope, bed breadth 1.2m（See Fig. 1）；
Step 3, ginseng plants arrangement mode and rational close planting：
The deep V-groove of 15-20cm wide, 10cm can be made under novel cultivation mode in ginseng bed, makes direction and the ginseng of dovetail groove
Bed direction is consistent, and then the ginseng-leaf after sorting is thrown into respectively to the two sides of V-groove, then cover the fertile soil of 7-9cm thickness,
Material is thus formed a structural units of novel planting type（Fig. 3 c）；Entire ginseng bed can be according to ginseng age size, determination kind
Density in planting and spacing in the rows, entire ginseng bed is by 6-8 group structural unit.
Alternatively, it is also possible to which entire ginseng bed is divided into two from centre along ginseng bed direction, after determining density, ginseng bed is made on one side
The skewed slot of 8-10 ㎝ wide, 10 ㎝ depth, slot bottom tilt 28-30 degree（See Fig. 3 b）, seedling is lain against in slot, 7-9 is then covered
The fertile soil of ㎝ thickness.And ginseng bed the other half, be made into the skewed slot claimed in contrast, transplanting and the same aforesaid operations of earthing.
In this way, entire ginseng bed is made of full symmetric two parts, as shown in Fig. 3 b.
Seedling V-type or centrosymmetrical arrangement, are conducive to the laying of drip irrigation pipe, hence it is evident that reduce tradition under novel cultivation mode
To the damage of seedling under mode, and it can thoroughly solve the problems, such as that arid easily occurs for seedbed center, significantly improves in conjunction with trickle irrigation
The speed of growth and marketing quality of ginseng.
Step 4, drip irrigation pipe is arranged：
After ginseng emergence, it is laid with drip irrigation pipe along ginseng bed direction, can be put between two row seedlings according to moisture and fertilising demand
A drip irrigation pipe is set, a drip irrigation pipe can also be placed among ginseng bed（Cross-sectional, such as Fig. 3）.The mode, solves
Damage caused by a drought and laborious, time-consuming problem of applying fertilizer easily occurs under traditional cultivation mode among ginseng bed, not only increases operating efficiency, and
Realize the efficient utilization of liquid manure resource.
The positive effect of the present invention is：The knot of the water integrated operational research technique of innovation and drip irrigation fertilizer based on cultivation mode
It closes, realizes the optimization of culture of ginseng space preparation and the efficient utilization of nutrient, Water Resources, greatly improve agricultural production effect
Rate is conducive to the sustainable development and utilization of resource.The field Spacing form for optimizing conventional ginseng cultivation, changes Traditional Agricultural
The mode of family culture of ginseng saves cumbersome process, not only increases operating efficiency, and improve survival rate of seedlings, optimizes
Spatial distribution increases planting density, is conducive to ventilation, the ventilative growth and development for being more suitable for ginseng.Using liquid manure one
Change way to manage, substantially increases the level of resources utilization of moisture and nutrient, reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization, have
Conducive to the sustainable development of resource.
Detailed description of the invention
The crosscutting schematic diagram of Fig. 1 ginseng bed of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is cultural method (b) of the present invention and peasant household's traditional cultivation method (a) comparison diagram；
Fig. 3 is traditional peasant household cultural method（a）With cultural method of the present invention（b/c）Ridge-up bed section schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail combined with specific embodiments below, but not as a limitation of the invention.
A kind of novel cultural method in ginseng farmland of the invention carries out on Yanbian, Jilin Province state Fusong County, Jian and other places respectively
Pilot production and demonstration.
The selection of the present embodiment material therefor is as follows：
Ginseng kind：Triennial the West seedling is provided by local Fusong Can Wang plant protection Co., Ltd；
Drip irrigation pipe：It is provided by Shenyang De Tai company；
Drip irrigation fertilizer：" ginseng doctor " Special fertilizer for ginseng is selected, is provided by Jilin Province's depth ginseng fertilizer technology center.
Embodiment 1
Step 1, selection of land and preparation ginseng soil：Height above sea level 1205m is selected, it is fertile that the soil is porous, the content of organic matter 3.15%, protects
The strong soil of outlet capacity；Before site preparation, organic fertilizer, disinfectant is manually added, uniform mixed determining soil pH is 6.4.
Step 2, artificial bedding：Ginseng furrow range and work road delimited first, and then work road soil be transferred on ridge-up bed,
And utilize the prepared soil of step 1, be fabricated to section be trapezoidal ridge-up bed, ridge-up bed height be 30cm, 60 degree of bottom slope, bed
Breadth 1.2m（Referring to Fig. 1）；
Step 3, ginseng plants arrangement mode：Mid-May, after joining soil layer defrosting, temperature is transplanted when stablizing 15 DEG C, before transplanting first
It is made into the deep V-groove of 18cm wide, 10cm in ginseng bed, keeps the direction of slot consistent with ginseng bed direction, then puts ginseng-leaf respectively
In ginseng spacing in the rows 4-5cm in the two sides of V-groove, same slot, rear timely earthing is put, fertile soil is with a thickness of 7-9cm or so, entirely
Ginseng bed is made of 6-8 group structural unit（Referring to Fig. 3 c）；
Step 4, drip irrigation pipe is arranged：To ginseng leaf stretching period, a drip irrigation pipe is placed between two row seedlings along ginseng bed direction.It is opening up
Ye Qian, florescence and green fruiting period carry out trickle irrigation according to soil moisture content and pour water, and soil water content is made to be kept at 30-40%, 45-
50% and 40-45%.Drip irrigation fertilizer, every 10 square metres of applications Shi Erkang are applied respectively in leaf stretching period and green fruiting period combination trickle irrigation
0.75-1.25 kilograms；
Cultural method of the present invention using and testing through this for several years, and every square metre of ginseng planting's density improves 10.5% or more, fresh ginseng
Output increased 9.85%, first-class, second-class ginseng ratio improve 12.5%, and economic, society and ecological benefits are significant.
Embodiment 2
Step 1, selection of land and preparation ginseng soil：Selected ginseng ground mean inclination 11.8, the content of organic matter 4.22%, water holding capacity is strong, ginseng
Soil is prepared with embodiment 1；
Step 2, artificial bedding：With embodiment 1；
Step 3, ginseng plants arrangement mode：Mid-May, temperature is transplanted when stablizing 15 DEG C, is first made into ginseng bed before transplanting
The skewed slot of 8-10 ㎝ wide, 10 ㎝ depth, slot bottom tilt 28-30 degree, and the direction of slot is consistent with ginseng bed direction, and seedling is lain against slot
It is interior, then cover the fertile soil of 7-9 ㎝ thickness.And ginseng bed the other half, be made into the skewed slot claimed in contrast, transplanting and earthing are same
Aforesaid operations（Referring to Fig. 3 b）；
Step 4, drip irrigation pipe is arranged：To ginseng leaf stretching period, a drip irrigation pipe is placed between two row seedlings along ginseng bed direction.It is opening up
Ye Qian, florescence and green fruiting period carry out trickle irrigation according to soil moisture content and pour water, and soil water content is made to be kept at 30-40%, 45-
50% and 40-45%.Drip irrigation fertilizer, every 10 square metres of applications Shi Erkang are applied respectively in leaf stretching period and green fruiting period combination trickle irrigation
0.75-1.25 kilograms.
The present invention using and testing by 2015-2017's, and compared with traditional cultivation method, N fertilizer amount of application is reduced
20%, fresh ginseng yield averagely improves 14.10%, and first-class Reference Example improves 10.3%, and second-class Reference Example 13.2%, economic benefit improves
30% or more.
Planting type of the present invention solves and damage caused by a drought and traditional artificial fertilising expense easily occurs under traditional cultivation mode among ginseng bed
Power, time-consuming problem, not only increase operating efficiency, and improve liquid manure resource utilization, and ecological, environmental protective, increasing yield and improving quality increase
Effect is obvious, has huge economic, society and ecological benefits.
Above embodiments are only exemplary embodiment of the present invention, are not used in the limitation present invention, protection scope of the present invention
It is defined by the claims.Those skilled in the art can within the spirit and scope of the present invention make respectively the present invention
Kind modification or equivalent replacement, this modification or equivalent replacement also should be regarded as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of novel cultural method in ginseng farmland, includes the following steps：
Step 1, selection of land and preparation ginseng soil：
Select topography higher, it is fertile that the soil is porous, and bottom contains sand or grit, and water holding capacity is strong, and the good soil of effect that drains flooded fields；It is whole
Before ground, organic fertilizer, disinfectant and grit is manually added in soil, constructs one kind and is more nearly the forest humus soil body；
Step 2, artificial bedding：
Ginseng furrow range and work road delimited according to landform, work road soil be transferred on ridge-up bed, and is prepared using step 1
Soil, be fabricated to section be trapezoidal ridge-up bed, it is desirable that ridge-up bed height be 20cm, 60 degree of bottom slope, bed breadth 1.2m；
Step 3, transplanting and rational close planting：
It is made into the deep dovetail groove of 15-20cm wide, 10cm in ginseng bed, keeps the direction of dovetail groove consistent with ginseng bed direction, then will
Ginseng-leaf is put in the two sides of slot respectively, then covers the fertile soil of 7-9cm or so thickness, and material is thus formed novel planting types
One structural unit；Entire ginseng bed can rationally transplant, entire ginseng bed is by 6-8 group structural unit according to ginseng age size；
Entire ginseng bed can also be divided into two from centre along ginseng bed direction, after determining density, ginseng bed is made into 8-10 ㎝ on one side
Wide, 10 ㎝ depth skewed slot, slot bottom tilt 30 degree or so, seedling are lain against in slot, the humic of 7-9 ㎝ or so thickness is then covered
Soil；In the other half of ginseng bed, it is made into the skewed slot claimed in contrast, transplanting and the same aforesaid operations of earthing；Entire ginseng bed i.e. by
Full symmetric two parts are constituted；
Step 4, field management and drip irrigation pipe are arranged：
After ginseng emergence, it is laid with drip irrigation pipe along ginseng bed direction, can be put between two row seedlings according to moisture and fertilising demand
A drip irrigation pipe is set, a drip irrigation pipe can also be placed among ginseng bed.
2. a kind of novel cultural method in ginseng farmland according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The step 3, cultural method be seedling plantation ridge to ginseng bed vertical direction, be seedling plantation ridge to ginseng bed direction
In parallel.
3. a kind of novel cultural method in ginseng farmland according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The step 3, cultural method are to create dovetail groove landform, 2 liang of pedestrian's ginsengs of opposite plantation in slot two sides；Or it takes tiltedly
Slot constructs, and is divided into two among ginseng bed, is made into the symmetrical skewed slot in both sides, plants a line ginseng.
4. a kind of novel cultural method in ginseng farmland according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The step 4 places a drip irrigation pipe along ginseng bed direction after ginseng emergence between two row seedlings, and entire ginseng bed is put
It sets a plurality of.
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| CN201810674518.1A CN108901721B (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2018-06-27 | Efficient cultivation method for ginseng in farmland |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102577835A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2012-07-18 | 集安大地参业有限公司 | Method for planting ginseng on farmland |
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| CN103650868A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-26 | 贵州信邦制药股份有限公司 | Savia miltiorrhiza planting method |
| CN104094746A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-15 | 钓鱼台医药集团吉林天强制药股份有限公司 | Ginseng cultivation method |
| CN104521503A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 张志莲 | Ginseng facility cultivation method |
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2018
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102577835A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2012-07-18 | 集安大地参业有限公司 | Method for planting ginseng on farmland |
| CN103262736A (en) * | 2013-05-18 | 2013-08-28 | 安顺市西秀区鑫源药材种植园 | High-efficiency production-increasing codonopsis pilosula cultivation method |
| CN103650868A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-26 | 贵州信邦制药股份有限公司 | Savia miltiorrhiza planting method |
| CN104094746A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-15 | 钓鱼台医药集团吉林天强制药股份有限公司 | Ginseng cultivation method |
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| CN104813836A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-05 | 杨友仁 | Equilateral triangle point artificial ecological planting method and method for planting ginseng by utilizing equilateral triangle point artificial ecological planting method |
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