CN107509568B - Greenhouse original field seedling raising method - Google Patents
Greenhouse original field seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107509568B CN107509568B CN201710643431.3A CN201710643431A CN107509568B CN 107509568 B CN107509568 B CN 107509568B CN 201710643431 A CN201710643431 A CN 201710643431A CN 107509568 B CN107509568 B CN 107509568B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1407—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material
- A01G9/1415—Greenhouses of flexible synthetic material with double or multiple walls
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a greenhouse field seedling raising method, which comprises the steps of site selection and greenhouse building, seedbed arrangement and seedling raising, seedling raising process management, seedling transplanting and seedbed reutilization. The greenhouse original field seedling raising method adopts the mode that the concave seedbed is manufactured in the rice production field, the seedbed after seedling raising is finished is still used as the rice field, and annual utilization of the seedbed-the rice field can be realized. And a single membrane mode or a double membrane mode can be selected according to the early spring temperature. Meanwhile, the seedling raising operation in different modes can be realized in one heat-insulating plastic greenhouse, the actual hydrological conditions of the seedling bed plot are adapted to the maximum extent, and the safety of the seedling in the seedling raising process is ensured. The method has the advantages of simple and easy operation steps, large-scale popularization and capability of improving the utilization rate of the rice seedling bed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice planting, in particular to a greenhouse original field seedling raising method.
Background
China is a large population and food consumption country, and food safety in China is the focus of world attention. In order to solve the problem of grains, on one hand, China inputs a large amount of financial resources, material resources and manpower to improve the yield per unit of grains, and on the other hand, a large amount of vacant fields exist in part of rice areas in China, so that natural resources such as land, illumination, heat, rainfall and the like are wasted. The southern Henan rice region is located in the transition zone of the northern subtropical zone and the warm zone of China, the four seasons are clear, the rain and heat are in the same season, the photo-thermal water resource is rich, and the rice planting area accounts for more than 85% of the whole province. In recent years, as the development speed of the ratoon rice is higher, the seedling raising area in early spring is larger and the seedling raising time is earlier and earlier. However, the southern Henan rice region is on the south-north climate transition zone, and the temperature changes violently due to the fact that the southern Henan rice region is always in the south in spring and in cold weather, diseases such as rice damping-off and bacterial wilt are induced by low-temperature rain and light irradiation, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, aged seedlings and the like are easily caused by overlong seedling age, the phenomena of seedling death and seedling rot are caused frequently, and the loss is caused to rice production. Therefore, safe seedling raising is an important guarantee for seedling raising in a protected field in early spring of rice. With the application of the film protection technology in rice seedling raising, various film protection field seedling raising modes such as greenhouses and greenhouses are formed in production. Although the method has the advantages of safety, convenience and the like, the method still has the defects of overlong idle time after seedling cultivation in greenhouses and greenhouses, low annual utilization rate of land and the like.
In order to solve the above problems, people are always seeking an ideal technical solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a greenhouse original field seedling raising method which is high in soil utilization rate, simple in operation steps and capable of improving the seedling growth quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a greenhouse original field seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
site selection and shed building: manufacturing soil ridges in a rice production field according to the span of 6-8 meters, constructing outer greenhouse frameworks on two adjacent soil ridges, covering plastic films on the outer greenhouse frameworks to form an outer heat-insulation plastic greenhouse, and manufacturing the rice production field in the outer heat-insulation plastic greenhouse into a plurality of concave seedbeds;
seedbed arrangement and seedling culture: arranging the concave seedbed respectively according to the modes of dry seedling raising, mechanical blanket seedling raising or water seedling raising, and sowing or arranging a tray on the arranged concave seedbed;
managing a seedling growing process: aligning seedlings 5-10 days after sowing, applying milk fertilizer when 1 leaf of each seedling is in 1 heart, opening a shed when 3 leaves of each seedling are in 3 leaves, ventilating and hardening seedlings, and applying a grafting fertilizer 1-2 days before transplanting;
transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings with 4 leaves and 1 heart, removing the plastic film in the outer-layer heat-insulation plastic greenhouse after transplanting is finished, and keeping the outer-layer greenhouse framework;
secondary utilization of the seedbed: arranging the concave seedbed after seedling removal to form a seedbed transplanting plot, and transplanting the seedlings in the seedbed transplanting plot according to a rice production field plot arranging method and a set seedling planting density.
According to production needs, in the step of site selection and shed building, a plurality of outer-layer heat-insulation plastic sheds can be built in the same rice production field, and the distance between every two adjacent outer-layer heat-insulation plastic sheds is 1.0-1.5 m. The applied weaning fertilizer is the fertilizer applied when 1 leaf and 1 heart of the seedling are planted, and the application standard is 13 kg of compound fertilizer applied in 45% per mu. The fertilizer is applied 1-2 days before the seedlings are transplanted, and the application standard is 10 kg of urea applied per mu. Meanwhile, the concave seedbed should be manufactured in a rice production field which is convenient to transport, drain and irrigate and is regular and smooth. The planting density of the given seedlings is usually about 1.2 thousand pits per mu of field. The field soil preparation method for rice production comprises the steps of finely crushing and softening the soil in the rice field by utilizing the mechanical action of a plough and a harrow, finely crushing the soil blocks in the rice field and mutually combining soil and fertilizer through field preparation, and is favorable for rice transplanting and generation of seedling roots.
Based on the above, the seedbed arrangement and seedling raising steps include: firstly, applying base fertilizer into the concave seedbed, carrying out rotary tillage leveling treatment, then filling water into the concave seedbed after the leveling, rotary tillage and leveling treatment to form a dry-raised concave seedbed, finally sowing seeds accelerating germination into the dry-raised concave seedbed, and covering a layer of nutrient soil on the surfaces of the seeds accelerating germination.
Based on the above, the seedbed arrangement and seedling raising steps include: applying base fertilizer into the concave seedbed, and carrying out rotary tillage, leveling and compacting treatment to form a mechanized blanket-shaped concave seedbed for seedling cultivation; and (3) sowing the nutrient soil and the rice seeds subjected to pregermination into a seedling tray by using a seedling raising machine, then placing the seedling tray after sowing into the mechanical blanket-shaped seedling raising concave seedbed, and performing water infiltration treatment. Wherein, the nutrient soil can be replaced by a common rice seedling raising substrate.
Based on the above, the steps of arranging the seedbed and growing seedlings further comprise the substep of firstly carrying out tray-stacking dark seedling emergence treatment for 4-6 days before placing the sowed seedling trays.
Based on the above, the step of arranging the seedbeds and growing seedlings further comprises the steps of building operation channels on the two adjacent concave seedbeds, paving tracks on the operation channels, and conveying the sowed seedling trays by using the tracks.
Based on the above, the seedbed arrangement and seedling raising steps include: firstly, irrigating water and applying base fertilizer into the concave seedbed, carrying out rotary tillage and leveling treatment, then, drying the concave seedbed to form a water seedling concave seedbed, and then, sowing the rice seeds which hasten germination in the water seedling concave seedbed.
Based on the above, when the base fertilizer is applied to the concave seedbed, 3 kg-8 kg of urea and 30 kg-55 kg of compound fertilizer with the total content of 45% are applied to each mu of concave seedbed.
Based on the above, in the step of site selection and greenhouse building, an outer-layer heat-insulation plastic greenhouse is built on two adjacent ridges, and an inner-layer heat-insulation plastic greenhouse is built inside the outer-layer heat-insulation plastic greenhouse. The mode that a single outer layer greenhouse framework is covered with the plastic film or the inner and outer two layers of greenhouse frameworks are covered with the plastic film can be selected according to the early spring temperature.
Based on the above, in the step of site selection and shed building, a drainage ditch is respectively built on the inner sides of the two terraces, the width range of the terraces is 0.8-1.2 m, and the height range of the terraces is 0.4-0.6 m.
Based on the above, the step of selecting the site and building the greenhouse further comprises the step of building a sprinkling irrigation system on the concave seedbed.
Compared with the prior art, the method has outstanding substantive characteristics and obvious progress, and particularly, the greenhouse original field seedling raising method provided by the invention can realize that the seedbed after the seedling raising is finished can still be used as the rice field, and can realize annual utilization of the seedbed to the rice field. On the other hand, the greenhouse original field seedling raising method directly raises ridges in a rice production field to manufacture a concave seedbed, is suitable for the seedling raising operation of different modes such as the current water seedling raising, dry seedling raising, mechanical seedling raising and the like, adapts to the actual hydrological conditions of the seedling field plots to the maximum extent, and ensures the practicability in the seedling raising process; the double-film plastic greenhouse can be adopted to raise the seedlings according to the requirement, so that the safety of raising the seedlings in early spring is ensured. In addition, the greenhouse original field seedling raising method provided by the invention also has the advantages of simple and easy operation steps, large-scale production, improvement of the utilization rate of the seedling field and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an outer-layer heat-insulating plastic greenhouse in a greenhouse field seedling raising method provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a ridge of earth; 2. an outer greenhouse skeleton; 3. an operation channel; 4. a concave seedbed; 5. and (7) a drainage ditch.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a greenhouse original field seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps:
site selection and shed building: as shown in figure 1, a rice production field which is convenient to transport, drain and irrigate and is regular and flat is selected as a greenhouse seedbed land, and firstly, earth ridges 1 with the width of 1 m and the height of 0.5m are respectively manufactured at two ends of the greenhouse seedbed land according to the span of 8 meters; then, respectively arranging drainage ditches 5 with the width of 0.2m on the inner sides of the ridges 1, manufacturing operation channels 3 with the width of 1.5m in the middle of the width of the greenhouse seedling bed land, and respectively manufacturing land blocks clamped between the drainage ditches 5 and the operation channels 3 into concave seedling beds 4; finally, manufacturing an outer greenhouse framework 2 by adopting galvanized steel pipes, fixing two ends of the outer greenhouse framework 2 on the soil ridges 1 at two sides respectively, covering a plastic film on the outer greenhouse framework, and building a sprinkling irrigation system on the two concave seedbeds respectively;
seedbed arrangement and seedling culture: firstly, according to the standard that 5 kg of urea and 50 kg of compound fertilizer with the total content of 45 percent are applied to each mu of concave seedbed, applying base fertilizer into the concave seedbed, carrying out rotary tillage leveling, irrigating and watering thoroughly to form a dry seedling raising concave seedbed, then scattering accelerated germination rice seeds into the dry seedling raising concave seedbed, covering a layer of nutrient soil on the surfaces of the accelerated germination rice seeds, and finally spraying herbicide on the surfaces of the nutrient soil; during irrigation and thorough irrigation, the soil between the drainage ditch 5 and the concave seedbed 4 is manually scraped to discharge excessive water into the drainage ditch 5;
managing a seedling growing process: aligning seedlings 5-10 days after sowing, and applying a weaning fertilizer according to the standard of applying 13 kg of 45% compound fertilizer per mu when 1 leaf and 1 core of each seedling are planted; opening a shed when 3 leaves are grown in the seedlings, ventilating and hardening the seedlings, and applying 10 kg of urea per mu 1-2 days before transplanting;
transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings when the 4 leaves and 1 heart of the seedlings exist, removing the plastic film on the outer greenhouse framework after the transplanting is finished, and reserving the soil ridge and the outer greenhouse framework;
secondary utilization of the seedbed: and carrying out rotary tillage leveling, water feeding and base fertilizer application on the transplanted concave seedbed and the operation channel to form a seedbed transplanting plot, and transplanting seedlings in the seedbed transplanting plot according to the planting density of about 1.2 thousands of pits planted in each mu of field.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a greenhouse original field seedling raising method, which has the same specific steps as those in the embodiment 1, and is different in that:
in this embodiment, the thermal insulation plastic greenhouse built on the concave seedbed is a double-layer thermal insulation plastic greenhouse comprising an inner greenhouse framework and an outer greenhouse framework, wherein two ends of the inner greenhouse framework are inserted at the edges of the concave seedbed as required.
In this embodiment, the steps of bed arrangement and seedling raising include: firstly, applying the base fertilizer into the concave seedbed, and carrying out rotary tillage, leveling and compaction treatment to form a mechanical blanket-shaped concave seedbed for seedling cultivation; then, sowing the germinated rice seeds and the special rice seedling raising matrix into a seedling tray by using a seedling raising machine, performing tray-stacking and dark seedling emergence treatment on the sowed seedling tray for 4-6 days, and arranging the tray when rice sheaths are exposed out of the tray surface; tracks can be laid on the operation way, and the seedling trays after dark seedling emergence treatment of the stacked trays are placed in the mechanical blanket-shaped seedling raising concave seedbed and subjected to water seeping treatment.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a greenhouse original field seedling raising method, which has the same specific steps as those in the embodiment 1, and is different in that:
in this embodiment, the steps of bed arrangement and seedling raising include: firstly, irrigating water and applying the base fertilizer into the concave seedbed, carrying out rotary tillage and leveling treatment, then drying the concave seedbed to form a water-cultured concave seedbed, sowing seeds accelerating germination in the water-cultured concave seedbed according to the standard of 40-50 g per square meter, and controlling the seeds accelerating germination to be half-embedded into slurry in the concave seedbed.
The step of managing the seedling raising process in this embodiment includes: and (3) aligning seedlings 5-10 days after sowing, keeping the water-cultured concave seedbed moist before 3 leaves of the seedlings, irrigating water to the water-cultured concave seedbed after 3 leaves to establish a water layer to protect the seedlings, ventilating when 3 leaves are cultured, applying the grafting fertilizer 1-2 days before seedling lifting, and spraying the insecticide and the bactericide.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A greenhouse original field seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
site selection and shed building: manufacturing soil ridges in a rice production field according to the span of 6-8 meters, constructing outer greenhouse frameworks on two adjacent soil ridges, covering plastic films on the outer greenhouse frameworks to form an outer heat-insulation plastic greenhouse, and manufacturing the rice production field in the outer heat-insulation plastic greenhouse into a plurality of concave seedbeds; respectively building a drainage ditch on the inner sides of the two terraces, wherein the width range of the terraces is 0.8-1.2 m, and the height range of the terraces is 0.4-0.6 m;
seedbed arrangement and seedling culture: arranging the concave seedbed respectively according to the modes of dry seedling raising, mechanical blanket seedling raising or water seedling raising, and sowing or arranging a tray on the arranged concave seedbed;
managing a seedling growing process: when dry seedling raising or mechanical blanket seedling raising is carried out, seedling is leveled up 5-10 days after seeding, milk fertilizer is applied when 1 leaf of the seedling is at the center, a shed is opened when 3 leaves of the seedling are at the center, seedling hardening is carried out through ventilation, and a grafting fertilizer is applied 1-2 days before transplanting; when water seedling raising is carried out, seedling alignment is carried out 5-10 days after seeding, the concave seedbed is kept moist before 3 leaves of the seedlings, water is poured into the concave seedbed after 3 leaves to establish a water layer to protect the seedlings, ventilation is carried out when 3 leaves are raised, and the functions of fertilizer grafting, pesticide spraying and bactericide spraying are applied 1-2 days before seedling raising;
transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings with 4 leaves and 1 heart, removing the plastic film in the outer-layer heat-insulation plastic greenhouse after transplanting is finished, and keeping the outer-layer greenhouse framework;
secondary utilization of the seedbed: arranging the concave seedbed after transplanting seedlings to form a seedbed transplanting plot, and transplanting the seedlings in the seedbed transplanting plot according to a rice production field plot arranging method and a set seedling planting density.
2. The greenhouse field seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the step of arranging the seedbed and raising the seedlings comprises: firstly, applying base fertilizer into the concave seedbed, carrying out rotary tillage and leveling, irrigating and watering thoroughly to form a dry-raised concave seedbed, then scattering accelerated-sprouting rice seeds into the dry-raised concave seedbed, covering a layer of nutrient soil on the surfaces of the accelerated-sprouting rice seeds, and finally spraying herbicide on the surfaces of the nutrient soil; when irrigation and thorough irrigation are carried out, excess moisture is manually scraped to soil between the drainage ditch and the drought seedling raising concave seedbed, and the excess moisture is discharged into the drainage ditch.
3. The greenhouse field seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the step of arranging the seedbed and raising the seedlings comprises: applying base fertilizer into the concave seedbed, and carrying out rotary tillage, leveling and compacting treatment to form a mechanized blanket-shaped concave seedbed for seedling cultivation; and (3) sowing the nutrient soil and the rice seeds subjected to pregermination into a seedling tray by using a seedling raising machine, then placing the seedling tray after sowing into the mechanical blanket-shaped seedling raising concave seedbed, and performing water infiltration treatment.
4. The greenhouse field seedling raising method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step of arranging the seedbed and raising seedlings further comprises the step of stacking the seedling trays for 4-6 days before placing the seedling trays after seeding.
5. The greenhouse field seedling raising method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step of arranging the seedbeds and raising seedlings further comprises constructing an operation channel between two adjacent concave seedbeds, laying a track on the operation channel, and transporting the seedling trays after seeding by using the track.
6. The greenhouse field seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the step of arranging the seedbed and raising the seedlings comprises: firstly, irrigating water and applying base fertilizer into the concave seedbed, carrying out rotary tillage and leveling treatment, then drying the concave seedbed to form a water-cultured concave seedbed, sowing seeds accelerating germination in the water-cultured concave seedbed according to the standard of 40-50 g per square meter, and controlling the seeds accelerating germination to be half-embedded into slurry in the water-cultured concave seedbed.
7. The greenhouse original field seedling raising method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein when the base fertilizer is applied to the concave seedbed, 3 kg to 8 kg of urea and 30 kg to 55 kg of compound fertilizer with a total content of 45% are applied to each mu of the concave seedbed.
8. The method for raising seedlings in greenhouse fields as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step of selecting the site and building the greenhouse comprises building an outer heat-insulating plastic greenhouse on two adjacent ridges, and building an inner heat-insulating plastic greenhouse inside the outer heat-insulating plastic greenhouse.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a sprinkling irrigation system on the concave seedbed.
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| CN107509568B true CN107509568B (en) | 2020-04-28 |
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| CN109042174A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-21 | 钱敬乐 | A kind of preceding management method of paddy drought seedling transplanting |
| CN112493061A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2021-03-16 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Method for growing pepper seedlings on concave seedbed |
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| CN104719057A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-24 | 重庆市永川区力丰种业有限责任公司 | High quality rice cultivation method |
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2017
- 2017-07-31 CN CN201710643431.3A patent/CN107509568B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
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| KR0158495B1 (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1998-11-16 | 도날드 씨.폴 | Anthraquinone inhibition of methane production in methanogenic bacteria |
| CN104719057A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-24 | 重庆市永川区力丰种业有限责任公司 | High quality rice cultivation method |
| CN106069433A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 广德华阳水稻种植家庭农场 | A kind of paddy rice planting method in booth |
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| 双峰县推广水稻"叠盘暗出苗"技术;吾谷网;《吾谷网http://news.wugu.com.cn/article/993324.html》;20170329;第1页 * |
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