CN101965795B - Nutrient solution matrix-free seedling raising and cultivating system and seedling raising method - Google Patents
Nutrient solution matrix-free seedling raising and cultivating system and seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nutrient solution matrix-free seedling raising and cultivating system and a seedling raising method. The system comprises a nutrient solution seedling raising tank, a seedling grid plate, seeding paper and covering paper, wherein the nutrient solution seedling raising tank is filled with water or nutrient solution; the seedling raising grid plate is arranged on the nutrient solution seedling raising tank, and water through holes are formed on the side faces of the grid plate holes of the seedling raising grid plate; the seeding paper is laid on the seedling raising grid plate; and after seeding, the covering paper is covered on the seeding paper bearing seeds. The method comprises: sowing seeds on the seeding paper, covering the covering paper with high water absorbing performance and breathability and covering the perlite or vermiculite on the covering paper; and after the seeds germinate, the roots of the seedlings penetrate the seeding paper to grow downward to absorb water and nutrients from the nutrient solution below. When the system is used, a matrix which is adopted by the conventional industrial seeding raising technique is not used, the overall accurate control over the temperature, water, nutrient and oxygen required by plants for growth in the whole seedling raising process is realized, the industrialization of the seedling raising process is realized, and the uniformity, strong seedling rate and robust degree of the seedlings are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nutrient solution without substrate seedling cultivation system and seedling-cultivating method, belong to the soilless-cultivated seedling technical field.
Background technology
China is faced with serious resource and energy shortage problem, and per capita area of cultivated farmland and water resource occupancy volume only have 1/3 and 1/4 of world's per capita share, and is the trend of further minimizing.In the face of this reality, China's agricultural must be selected the road of the intensive sustainable development of a resources effective utilization.Cultivation technique without soil is to realize vegetables high yield, high-quality, efficient important channel, also is that vegetables produce by the novel planting type of traditional farming production to modernization, scale, intensive conversion.Vegetables are cultivated two parts of link after producing and comprising grow seedlings link and field planting, and the link of growing seedlings realizes that batch production should be at first from the link of growing seedlings because intensive degree is high.
Along with progress and the development of China's agricultural modernization, vegetables produce by the modern industry production of traditional individual form to scientific, intensive, commercialization and the marketization and change.Become a sign of agricultural high-tech as the factorial seedling growth of vegetable seedling industrialization important component part.Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings mainly refers to the plug media seedling growing process, China is since the formal introduction eighties in 20th century plug media seedling growing process, numerous agro-technicians are on the basis of introducing, digest, absorbing, according to China's vegetable seedling production characteristics, tentatively set up and be fit to China vegetables cave dish factorial seedling growth system (Chen Diankui, China's Vegetable, 2000, (S1): 7-11).Thisly do seedling medium with the light matrix such as peat, vermiculite, coconut skin, perlite, make container for plant growth with cave dish, adopt the mechanization precision drilling, the modernization of the once-seedling forming system of growing seedlings, its major advantage be the saving of labor, laborsaving, efficient is high, is convenient to that improved seeds are promoted and the standard seedling management; Seedling is convenient to long distance transportation and mechanization transplanting, and improving activity of root system is good after the field planting, and slow seedling is fast; so being had the particular importance meaning, carrying out Vegetable production mechanization, scale and lasting high-efficient development (take charge of inferior equality; China's Vegetable, 2000, (06): 52-53).But still there is the problem of the following aspects:
1, be unfavorable for that environmental protection peat is most widely used general, the optimal a kind of soilless raising seedling substrate of effect in the world, yet except skewness, transportation difficulty, selling price were high, peat was also significant on protection of the environment.Peat is a kind of in a short time non-renewable resources, and the total amount of storage is limited, can not unrestrictedly exploit, and reduces the consumption of peat as far as possible or seek the peat substitute to get more and more people's extensive concerning.In addition, be difficult to process after rock wool is used, environment is caused severe contamination.
2, the high plug media of seedling cost is grown seedlings, because a large amount of higher seedling mediums of price such as peat, vermiculite that use have increased the cost of growing seedlings.
3, matrix allotment and the large plug media of the nutrient Regulation difficulty matrix species commonly used of growing seedlings is a lot, mainly contains peat, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, charring rice husk, slag, sawdust, cotton seed hulls, bark etc.The physicochemical property of different substrates is widely different, and the regulation and control difficulty of the allotment of seedling medium and nutrient component is larger.
4, the large plug media of moisture regulation difficulty is grown seedlings and is adopted organic or inorganic matrixes more, and pouring clear water or nutrient solution are cultivated.Because the ventilative water retention property of different substrates is different, water supply in media content is easy-regulating not.
5, to regulate and control difficult vegetable crop seedling responsive to environmental condition, strict for substrate temperature, and suitable temperature just can bring out high-quality strong sprout.Present way is to bury electric heating wire in seedling raising bedstead underground, guaranteeing the rice shoot root temperature 10～30 ℃ of scopes, but can't regulate accurately control for the Different Crop seedling.
6, the high plug media of the matrix cost of transportation main light matrix such as peat that relies on of growing seedlings, and the peat resource-constrained, and major part concentrates on northeast, therefore cost of transportation is high, limited the use of China's wide geographic area, especially lacking saline and alkaline, the dust storm of good lightweight seedling medium, arid area, plug media is grown seedlings and is difficult to the due effect of performance.
7, the own physicochemical properties such as matrix treatments difficulty organic culture substrate such as wood chip, sawdust, bagasse, rice husk are unstable, but also contain some noxious materials such as phenols, heavy metal, can not directly be used as seedling medium, need to carry out preliminary treatment to it, its labile organic substance is decomposed, noxious material is removed, and just can not produce harmful effect in seedling raising process.Main processing mode is that it is carried out the nature stack retting at present, and the method takes length, and physicochemical property is unstable behind the stack retting, and stack retting time length is not had concrete unified standard, the process control difficulty.
In addition, floating seedlings is the advanced technology that is used for tobacco seedling that the U.S. develops, utilize the expanded polystyrene lattice dish of moulding to be floating body, the nutrient matrix of artificial preparation in the filling, the lattice dish is floated on the Miao Chizhong of complete mineral nutrition, finishing the seedling raising manners of Seed germination, growth and seedling process, is one of mode of soilless-cultivated seedling.The mid-90 in 20th century introduces domestic, at first grows seedlings in Yunnan tobacco and uses successfully (Cai Ming, the Changjiang river vegetables, 2008 (3): 18-19).According to statistics, the application area of floating seedlings in 2006 on China tobacco reaches 73.2 ten thousand hm
2, account for 70% (Chen Naichun etc., China's Vegetable, 2008 (10): 49-50) that tobacco is always transplanted area.This technology has the raising breeding efficiency, root system activity is strong, neat and consistent, be convenient to transportation, transplant after the advantages such as growing way is strong, be the major way of growing seedlings in present domestic tobacco planting base.Floating seedlings has also carried out some researchs on the vegetables such as tomato, cucumber, capsicum in recent years, but floating seedlings has the following disadvantages in grow seedlings of vegetable: 1. the matrix long period of soaking is in low temperature or high-temperature water, make root system development bad, bring out easily the disease (Cai Ming of rhizome section, the Changjiang river vegetables, 2008 (3): 18-19); 2. the matrix long period of soaking is in the water oxygen unsaturated vapor; 3. moisture evaporation causes the problem that stromal surface salination etc. can't overcome.
Nutriculture in the soilless culture has certain application aborning, but the application in the field of growing seedlings has no report.Therefore, develop a kind of Novel seedling raising system, can break away from the restriction of soil in traditional seedling-cultivating method, can also break away from the grow seedlings restriction of mesostroma of plug media, set up the nutrient solution of similar plants factory without substrate seedling factory, only need water and fertilizer just can bring out seedling, and the envirment factors such as the temperature in the energy accuracy controlling seedling raising process, oxygen, nutrient, this will be the revolution of seedling growing process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the restriction of above-described traditional seedling raising manners, provide a kind of nutrient solution without substrate seedling cultivation system and seedling-cultivating method, the use of conventional plant seedling growing process mesostroma has been removed by this system, adopt nutrient solution without substrate culture, by sowing paper and covering paper with seedling overground part fixed support, root system is grown in the nutrient solution fully.Native system is by the innovative design to seedling system, realized the comprehensive accuracy controlling to the required temperature of plant strain growth in the whole seedling raising process, moisture, nutrient and oxygen atmosphere factor, thereby set up the environmental condition that is suitable for growth of seedling most, the batch production of link of really having accomplished to grow seedlings, water saving joint is fertile, has improved the regularity of growing seedlings, strong sprout rate and robustness.
For achieving the above object, on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of nutrient solution without the substrate seedling cultivation system, it comprise nutrient solution grow seedlings groove, the lattice dish of growing seedlings, sowing paper, cover paper and cover matrix; This nutrient solution is grown seedlings and is contained nutrient solution in the groove; This lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, the lattice dish of growing seedlings is the vinyl disc that the bottom has a plurality of depression lattice dishes hole, each lattice dish hole is of a size of individual plant seedlings root growth requisite space, have permeable hole at least one side in this lattice dish hole, this permeable hole partly or entirely is immersed in the nutrient solution; This sowing paper directly overlays on this lattice dish of growing seedlings at seeding time; This covering paper is after planting covering on year seed-bearing sowing paper; This covering matrix is layed in and covers on the paper.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, this cultivation system also comprises solution temperature regulating system, nutrient solution oxygenating system and nutrient solution make-up system; This solution temperature regulating system comprises the temperature adjustment pipeline, circulating pump, water tank, temperature detect switch (TDS), and heating and refrigeration plant; This temperature adjustment pipe laying is below described nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove or be embedded in nutrient solution and grow seedlings in the groove, winter circulating hot water, summer circulating water, by the temperature that flows to regulate nutrient solution of hot and cold water; This nutrient solution oxygenating system comprises oxygen charging pump, oxygenation pipeline, porous gas outlet, and batch (-type) switch or timer; This nutrient solution make-up system comprises the grow seedlings pipeline of groove of nutrient tank, water pump and connection nutrient tank and nutrient solution.
In another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, this cultivation system also comprises nutrient solution loop temperature-control system, and it comprises the nutrition liquid pool, liquid-transport pipe-line, and EGR is regulated batch (-type) switch or timer that EGR moves, heating, refrigeration plant.
Aforesaid cultivation system, wherein, this nutrient solution is grown seedlings and altitude valve can be set on the groove, and it is height-adjustable tubular structure, and the one end opening is in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, and the other end connects overflow pipe; When the liquid level in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove exceeded the altitude valve mouth, nutrient solution flowed out the nutrient solution groove of growing seedlings by altitude valve and overflow pipe, is back in the nutrition liquid pool; By regulating the height of valve port, the grow seedlings liquid level of nutrient solution in the groove of control different times nutrient solution.
Aforesaid cultivation system, wherein, the grow seedlings height of groove of this nutrient solution is preferably 8.5～9.5 centimetres.
Aforesaid cultivation system, wherein, this covering matrix is preferably perlite or vermiculite, and thickness is 0.5～1 centimetre.
On the other hand, the invention provides the aforesaid cultivation system of application and carry out nutrient solution without the method for substrate seedling, it comprises the steps:
A. in growing seedlings groove, injects nutrient solution nutrient solution;
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. cover the covering paper with absorbent ventilate above the seed-bearing sowing paper carrying, cover and cover matrix above the paper;
D. utilize the water imbibition of paper or regularly on the lattice dish of growing seedlings, spray water, keep covering paper and cover matrix moistening;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system penetrates under the sowing principal direction grows, and the resistance that the above covers paper and covers matrix prevents that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. the nutrient solution oxygenating system adopts air pump regularly oxygenation in the nutrient solution;
G. the solution temperature regulating system is by being laid on grow seedlings groove below or be embedded in grow seedlings temperature adjustment pipeline circulating hot water in winter in the groove of nutrient solution of nutrient solution, and summer, circulating water was regulated the temperature of nutrient solution to the seedling growth optimum temperature;
H. in the seedling raising process since seedling growth and the rising nutrient solution nutrient solution that reduces in the groove of growing seedlings that makes in time replenish by the nutrient solution make-up system.
Again on the one hand, the invention provides the aforesaid cultivation system of another kind of application and carry out nutrient solution without the method for substrate seedling, it comprises the steps:
A. in growing seedlings groove, injects nutrient solution nutrient solution;
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. cover the covering paper with absorbent ventilate above the seed-bearing sowing paper carrying, cover and cover matrix above the paper;
D. utilize the water imbibition of paper or regularly on the lattice dish of growing seedlings, spray water, keep covering paper and cover matrix moistening;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system penetrates under the sowing principal direction grows, and the resistance that the above covers paper and covers matrix prevents that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. nutrient solution loop temperature-control system is the nutrient solution Additional nutrient solution in the groove of growing seedlings, and carries out dissolved oxygen by the cyclic process of nutrient solution, and the temperature by being placed in heating in the nutrition liquid pool, refrigeration plant direct regulation and control nutrient solution is to the seedling growth optimum temperature.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, native system is grown seedlings with plug media and is compared, and has removed the use of plug media seedling growing process mesostroma, and root system directly contacts with nutrient solution, and restriction and the shortcoming of having avoided existing plug media to grow seedlings have accomplished that real nutrient solution grows seedlings; Native system has been realized the comprehensive accuracy controlling to the required temperature of plant strain growth in the whole seedling raising process, moisture, nutrient and oxygen atmosphere factor, and the batch production of the link of really having accomplished to grow seedlings is a breakthrough innovation of seedling growing process.Application result shows: grow seedlings with plug media and compare, the plant height of the cucumber seedlings that native system is cultivated, stem are thick, dry weight and strong sprout index improved respectively 130.6%, 36.2%, 223.0% and 85.7%; The plant height of tomato sprout, stem are thick, dry weight and strong sprout index improved respectively 100.5%, 19.4%, 144.7% and 46.8%; Significantly improved regularity, the strong sprout rate and robustness of rice shoot.
2, native system is fully without organic substrate, only adopt the inorganic matrixes such as perlite or vermiculite to cover and cover above the paper, mainly play the water conservation of budding period and take off kind of a skin effect, avoided plug media to grow seedlings and used in a large number the exploitations of the non-renewable resources such as peat, more environmental protection.
3, the present invention's design of lattice dish STH that proposes first to grow seedlings.The permeable hole of tradition plug media seedling-cultivating tray all adopts lower perforate, is not suitable with nutrient solution seedling system of the present invention, mainly is to have root system because the downward indeterminate growth of gravity causes lifting and plants the seedling difficult problem; The permeable hole of the invention proposition seedling-cultivating tray is opened the design at lattice dish hole sidewall, has solved this problem, obtains good result.Referring to accompanying drawing 10, the left side is the cucumber seedling of lower perforate seedling-cultivating tray plantation; The right side is the cucumber seedling of STH seedling-cultivating tray plantation.
4, native system nutrient composition proportioning and concentration can be accomplished optimization and accuracy controlling according to the crop demand, have overcome the shortcoming that the substrate seedling nutrient is difficult to regulate and control.
5, native system has changed the water supplementing method that sprays from the rice shoot top in traditional point disk seedling growing, and moisture mainly directly absorbs from nutrient solution, has overcome traditional point disk seedling growing because of the shortcoming that the cave disk body is long-pending little, the moisture content change of matrix is difficult to regulate and control greatly; And avoided the inhomogeneous injury to rice shoot of water spray in traditional point disk seedling growing; The matrix that particularly covers is in drying regime, has reduced the air humidity in seedbed, alleviates the generation of disease.
6, native system has thoroughly solved water supply in media too high levels, oxygen deficiency and three defectives of stromal surface salination that can't overcome in the floating seedlings by structural design; The covering matrix of native system does not directly contact with nutrient solution, has avoided floating plate to grow seedlings the middle matrix salination that causes because of evaporation and matrix long period of soaking in low temperature or high-temperature water, makes root system development bad, brings out easily rhizome section disease problem.
7, native system except by SOS to the nutrient solution supplemental oxygen, the also especially control by liquid level, make root system partly be exposed in the air, part is in the nutrient solution, make root system can absorb moisture, nutrient, the oxygen of absorbent abundance is grown root system healthy and strongly again, lays the foundation strong sprout for cultivating.
8, the native system adjustment is mainly by directly heating to nutrient solution or lower the temperature, and is more direct, economical than the environment temperature adjustment of routine, effectively.Particularly overcome traditional point disk seedling growing because of the shortcoming that the cave disk body is long-pending little, the variations in temperature of matrix is difficult to regulate and control greatly.
9, lifting is more convenient, quick after the native system seedling, occupies little space, and is more conducive to transportation.The more important thing is and avoided the injury of conventional seedbed system lifting to seedlings root that slow seedling is fast after the field planting, is conducive to kipeming high yield.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 inflatable seedling system structural representation;
Fig. 2 nutrient solution groove planar structure schematic diagram of growing seedlings;
Fig. 3 nutrient solution groove longitudinal sectional view of growing seedlings;
Fig. 4 lattice dish planar structure schematic diagram of growing seedlings;
The grow seedlings profile of lattice rim A-A of Fig. 5;
Fig. 6 inflatable seedling system planar structure schematic diagram;
The circulating seedling system planar structure of Fig. 7 schematic diagram;
The circulating seedling system longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 8;
Fig. 9 water control valve perspective view;
Figure 10 uses the cucumber seedling photo of lower perforate seedling-cultivating tray and the plantation of STH seedling-cultivating tray.
Embodiment
The principle of cultivation system of the present invention and seedling-cultivating method is:
Seed is directly sowed on sowing paper, utilized the water imbibition of paper or from top water spray, the water demand when guaranteeing seed germination.The above covers absorbent ventilate well and the paper of some strength is arranged, and covers and covers perlite or vermiculite above the paper, and one side is at the germination period water conservation and sufficient oxygen is provided, and promotes to sprout; Prevent that on the other hand seed from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed.Behind the seed sprouting, root system can penetrate smoothly sowing and grow under the principal direction, and the resistance that the above covers paper and perlite or vermiculite can prevent effectively that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed.After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient mainly relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom; Nutrient solution is supplied with the required oxygen of plant strain growth by the mode of circulation or oxygenation.
Root system directly contacts with special nutrient fluid in the cultivation system of the present invention, has ensured the abundant absorption of rice shoot to moisture and nutrient.By circulation or the oxygenation of nutrient solution, rice shoot can access sufficient oxygen supply, and in addition, the nutrient solution adjusting of liquid level of growing seedlings in the groove allows a part of root system be exposed in the air directly contact oxygen, makes the sufficient supplies of oxygen obtain double shield.Studies show that of conventional soil cultivation can obtain same high output under suitable temperature condition by the adjusting (root system is directly heated or lowered the temperature) to soil temperature, and energy resource consumption is lower than climate comfort.For example, the tomato cultivation evidence of Trudel also can obtain same high output under suitable temperature condition by the soil of heating under low temperature condition; And the energy resource consumption of the soil of heating only is the 20%-25% of temperature (the Trudel M.and Gosselin that heats, A.:Influence of soil temperature in greenhouse tomato production, HortScience 1982,17 (6): 928-929.); In addition, the romaine lettuce pull-down test in the present application people summer in 2000 shows, soil temperature is reduced by 5 spend the effect that has just obtained to increase production more than 90%, and utilize lower energy resource consumption just can realize direct cooling (the Mingchi Liu of soil, Akira Tanaka, Hang Chen.Development of soil-cooling and auto-irrigating system with negative pressure.Transactions of the ASABE, 2006,49 (1): 239-244.).And compare with soil, the thermal capacitance of nutrient solution is lower, heat transfer efficiency is higher, thereby the temperature of directly regulating nutrient solution is not only than direct adjusting soil temperature conserve energy more, and more in time, accurately, effectively.Therefore, cultivation system of the present invention water (moisture), fertile (nutrient), gas (oxygen), heat (temperature) four large factors required to the rice shoot healthy growth and development have been carried out optimized design and integration, provide guarantee strong sprout for cultivating.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with instantiation.
Embodiment 1: the inflatable nutrient solution is without the substrate seedling cultivation system
Figure 1 shows that the structural representation of a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, this nutrient solution comprises without the substrate seedling system: nutrient solution grow seedlings groove 1, the lattice dish 2 of growing seedlings, sowing paper 3, cover paper 4, cover matrix 25, solution temperature regulating system 5, nutrient solution oxygenating system 6 and nutrient solution make-up system 7;
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the nutrient solution groove 1 of growing seedlings is a tray shape rigid plastics container, highly is 8.5～9.5 centimetres, in be filled with water or nutrient solution.The grow seedlings width of groove of nutrient solution is decided according to the specification of seedling-cultivating tray, and length is the width of 5 lattice dishes of growing seedlings, and the bottom arranges bracing frame 8.The nutrient solution trough that groove also can be built into for other material of growing seedlings, interior shop two layers of plastic thin films is put bedding and padding on the film, be used for supporting the lattice dish of growing seedlings.
Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 5, the lattice dish 2 of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the bracing frame 8 of trench bottom, the vinyl disc in its a plurality of depression lattice dishes hole 10 for the bottom has, each lattice dish hole is of a size of individual plant seedlings root growth requisite space, lattice dish hole is about cube, and respectively there is a permeable hole 11 4 sides; The lattice dish 2 of growing seedlings is polyethylene or polystyrene plastics dish, and specification is decided according to crop species.The lattice dish is divided into the different sizes such as 50,72,128,256 lattice.Lattice dish hole is the space of seedlings root growth, can also guarantee the independence of growing between plant root, avoids being intertwined.The permeable hole 11 of lattice dish side is beneficial to entering of nutrient solution, and it is outside to prevent that simultaneously root system from stretching out the lattice dish.
As shown in Figure 1, sowing paper 3 directly overlays on this lattice dish 2 of growing seedlings at seeding time, and the seed 26 correspondences lattice dish hole count of growing seedlings is broadcast thereon.This sowing paper can play the effect of suction, fixed support seedling, and its intensity allows behind seed sprouting root system can penetrate smoothly under the sowing principal direction to grow, and easy tear fracture or cut out easily again during lifting can not damage seedling and root system.Such as nonwoven etc.
Covering paper 4 is after planting covering on year seed-bearing sowing paper 3.Covering paper is the paper that absorbent ventilate is good, have suitable depth and intensity, and purpose is to prevent that seed from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthedly, and plays the effect of fixed support seedling.
Cover matrix 25 for having the material of suction, gas permeability, for example perlite or vermiculite, thickness is about 0.5～1.0 centimetre according to the situation adjustment of Different Crop.
Such as Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 9, nutrient solution is grown seedlings and altitude valve 23 is set on the groove, and it is height-adjustable tubular structure, and the one end opening is in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, and the other end connects overflow pipe 28; When the liquid level in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove exceeded the altitude valve mouth, nutrient solution flowed out the nutrient solutions groove of growing seedlings by altitude valve 23 and overflow pipe 28, is back to nutrition liquid pool 22; By regulating the height of valve port 29, the grow seedlings liquid level of nutrient solution in the groove of control different times nutrient solution.
As shown in Figure 1, solution temperature regulating system 5 is comprised of water tank 12, circulating pump 13, temperature detect switch (TDS) 27 and temperature adjustment pipeline 14, heating and refrigeration plant are set in the water tank, temperature adjustment pipeline 14 is laid on grow seedlings groove 1 below or be embedded in nutrient solution and grow seedlings in the groove of nutrient solution, winter circulating hot water, summer, circulating water was regulated the temperature of nutrient solution to the seedling growth optimum temperature;
Such as Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 6, nutrient solution oxygenating system 6 by oxygen charging pump 15, oxygenation pipeline 16, be opened on nutrient solution grow seedlings porous gas outlet 17 and batch (-type) switch or timer 18 in the groove, guarantee to contain in the nutrient solution the sufficient molten oxygen of depositing.
Nutrient solution make-up system 7 is comprised of nutrient solution filling 19, water pump 20 and pipeline 21, stores the nutrient solution working solution that concentration prepares during nutrient solution is filled with; By water pump can be in time, the Additional nutrient solution nutrient solution of growing seedlings and reducing in the groove easily.
Seedling raising process comprises the steps:
A. in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, inject nutrient solution, adjust concentration and the liquid level of nutrient solution according to the needs of crop seedling different times;
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. cover the covering paper with absorbent ventilate above the seed-bearing sowing paper carrying, cover and cover matrix above the paper;
D. utilize the water imbibition of paper or from top water spray, keep covering paper and cover matrix moistening, the water demand when guaranteeing seed germination;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system can penetrate under the sowing principal direction smoothly grows, and the resistance that the above covers paper and perlite or vermiculite can prevent effectively that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient mainly relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. adopt air pump regularly oxygenation in the nutrient solution.
G. the solution temperature regulating system is by being laid on grow seedlings groove below or be embedded in grow seedlings temperature adjustment pipeline circulating hot water in winter in the groove of nutrient solution of nutrient solution, and summer, circulating water was regulated the temperature of nutrient solution to the seedling growth optimum temperature;
H. in the seedling raising process since seedling growth and the rising nutrient solution nutrient solution that reduces in the groove of growing seedlings that makes in time replenish by the nutrient solution make-up system.
(1) seedling system described in the Application Example 1 carries out cucumber seedling-raising, and the cucumber seedling-raising process comprises the steps:
A. inject cucumber special nutrient fluid (its essential element constituent sees Table 1) in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, the concentration of nutrient solution is complete doubly amount, 6.5 centimetres of Depth Nutrient Solutions;
Table 1 cucumber special nutrient fluid forms
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings of STH is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed cucumber seeds on sowing paper;
C. cover the covering paper with absorbent ventilate above the seed-bearing sowing paper carrying, cover the moistening perlite that covers 1.0 cm thicks above the paper;
D. in time on perlite, spray clear water, the water demand when guaranteeing germination of cucumber seeds;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system can penetrate under the sowing principal direction smoothly grows, and the resistance that the above covers paper and perlite or vermiculite can prevent effectively that cucumber seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient mainly relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. adopt the air pump oxygenation that circulates in the nutrient solution round the clock, every oxygenation in 30 minutes 20 minutes;
G. the temperature adjustment pipe is laid on nutrient solution and grows seedlings in the groove, regulate the nutrient solution temperature of nutrient solution of growing seedlings in the groove and be seeded into that to begin to emerge be 20～25 ℃; 3 true leaves of Qi Miao to the reveal 18～20 ℃ in the heart; 15 ℃ of rice shoot hardening periods;
H. the control method of ambient air temperature and conventional plug media are grown seedlings identically in the seedling raising process, and suitable temperature is seeded into that to begin to emerge be 25～28 ℃; 3 true leaves of Qi Miao to the reveal 22～25 ℃ in core white sky, 12～16 ℃ of nights; 18～20 ℃ of rice shoot hardening period daytimes, 8～10 ℃ of nights;
I. in the seedling raising process since seedling growth and the rising nutrient solution nutrient solution that reduces in the groove of growing seedlings that makes in time replenish by the nutrient solution make-up system.
(2) the conventional plug media seedling system of the control group and method are grown seedlings
The conventional plug media seedling system of the control group, with reference to the method for the inferior equality of department carry out (Si Yaping, He Wei is bright. the vegetable plug seedling technology. Beijing: Chinese agriculture publishing house, 1999), method is as follows:
A. select Shandong to produce the point disk seedling growing dedicated substrate;
B. sowing depth is 1.0 centimetres, after planting covers vermiculite.Then seedling-cultivating tray is sprayed permeable (water try to get to the heart of a matter from the cave hole ooze), the matrix maximum water-holding capacity is reached more than 200%;
C. extremely neat seedling stage emphasis is temperature treatment after sowing, 25～28 ℃ of daytimes, 18～20 ℃ of nights; 3 true leaves of Qi Miao to the reveal 22～25 ℃ in core white sky, 12～16 ℃ of nights; Seedling stage, cotyledon was expanded to 2 leaves wholeheartedly, and moisture is 75%～80% of maximum water-holding capacity; Seedling stages two leaf wholeheartedly after, carry out spray leaf fertilizer 1～2 time in conjunction with water spray; Three leaves are wholeheartedly sold to commercial seedling, and moisture is about 75%.On 18～20 ℃ of rice shoot hardening period daytimes, 8～10 ℃ of nights are to adapt to the natural environment after the field planting.
The result that grows seedlings is shown in table 2～4:
The different seedling raising mannerses of table 2 are on the impact (unit: cm) of cucumber seedling plant height
Can be found out by table 2 result, before after planting 16 days, grow seedlings cucumber seedling plant height that (contrast) process of plug media is better than nutrient solution and processes without substrate seedling, the plant height processed without substrate seedling of nutrient solution surpasses rapidly the plug media processing of growing seedlings afterwards, although show in the live situation of dry cucumber seed nutrient solution without substrate seedling process speed of emergence and early growth speed than plug media grow seedlings process slightly poor, but the growth of middle and later periods is significantly better than the plug media processing of growing seedlings, and the rice shoot plant height that nutrient solution is processed without substrate seedling when off-test is grown seedlings to process to compare with plug media and increased by 17.5 centimetres.
The different seedling raising mannerses of table 3 are on the impact of cucumber seedling growth
Annotate: the different letter representation significance levels of difference of same column numerical value reach 0.05.
Can be found out by table 3 result, the cucumber seedlings plant height that nutrient solution is processed without substrate seedling when off-test, stem are thick, dry weight with strong sprout index grow seedlings to process to compare with plug media and improved respectively 130.6%, 36.2%, 223.0% and 85.7%.Significantly improved regularity, the strong sprout rate and robustness of rice shoot.
The different seedling raising mannerses of table 4 are on the impact of Leaf of Cucumber Seedling Chlorophylls and Carotenoids content
Chloroplast in the blade is that rice shoot carries out photosynthetic vitals, and the height that how much directly affects the rice shoot photosynthetic capacity of chloroplast middle period green content; Carotenoid is extremely effectively one of antioxidant of rice shoot antagonism interior free yl, has important function in raising rice shoot disease resistance.Can be found out by table 4 result, the rice shoot Chlorophylls and Carotenoids content that nutrient solution is processed without substrate seedling when off-test obviously is better than the plug media processing of growing seedlings, improved respectively 19.9% and 31.8%, this also is the high main cause of rice shoot index in strong sprout that nutrient solution is processed without substrate seedling.
Embodiment 3 loop temperature-control formula nutrient solutions are without the substrate seedling cultivation system
Nutrient solution in the loop temperature-control formula seedling system grow seedlings groove 1, the lattice dish 2 of growing seedlings, sowing paper 3, cover paper 4, the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function that covers matrix 25 and altitude valve 23 is identical with embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, loop temperature-control formula seedling system also comprises nutrient solution loop temperature-control system, and it is by nutrition liquid pool 22, liquid-transport pipe-line 31, and EGR 24, the timer 30 of adjusting water pump operation, temperature regulating device 32 and heating, refrigeration plant 33 form.The nutrient solution working solution that nutrition liquid pool 22 interior storage concentration prepare, the 22 interior installation heating of nutrition liquid pool, refrigeration plant are regulated and control solution temperature at any time to the seedling growth optimum temperature.
Seedling raising process comprises the steps:
A. in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, inject nutrient solution, adjust concentration and the liquid level of nutrient solution according to the needs of crop seedling different times;
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. cover the covering paper with absorbent ventilate above the seed-bearing sowing paper carrying, cover and cover matrix above the paper;
D. utilize the water imbibition of paper or regularly on the lattice dish of growing seedlings, spray water, keep covering paper and cover matrix moistening, the water demand when guaranteeing seed germination;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system can penetrate under the sowing principal direction smoothly grows, and the resistance that the above covers paper and perlite or vermiculite can prevent effectively that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient mainly relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. nutrient solution loop temperature-control system is the nutrient solution Additional nutrient solution in the groove of growing seedlings, and carries out dissolved oxygen by the cyclic process of nutrient solution, and the temperature by the heating in the system, refrigeration plant direct regulation and control nutrient solution is to the seedling growth optimum temperature.
Embodiment 4 loop temperature-control formula nutrient solutions are without matrix tomato seedling technology
(1) seedling system described in the Application Example 3 carries out tomato seedling, and the tomato seedling process comprises the steps:
A. inject tomato special nutrient fluid (its essential element constituent sees Table 5) in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, the concentration of nutrient solution is 1/2 complete doubly amount, 6.5 centimetres of Depth Nutrient Solutions;
Table 5 tomato special nutrient fluid forms
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings of STH is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed tomato seeds on sowing paper;
C. cover the covering paper with absorbent ventilate above the seed-bearing sowing paper carrying, cover the moistening perlite that covers 1 cm thick above the paper;
D. in time on perlite, spray clear water, the water demand when guaranteeing Tomato Seeds Germination;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system can penetrate under the sowing principal direction smoothly grows, and the resistance that the above covers paper and perlite or vermiculite can prevent effectively that tomato seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient mainly relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. nutrient solution loop temperature-control system is the nutrient solution Additional nutrient solution in the groove of growing seedlings, dissolved oxygen is carried out in cyclic process by nutrient solution, and 3 true leaves of the neat seedling to the of temperature by being placed in the temperature equipment direct regulation and control nutrient solution in the nutrition liquid pool reveal 20～22 ℃ in core white sky, 15～16 ℃ of nights; 15 ℃ of rice shoot hardening periods;
G. the control method of ambient air temperature and conventional plug media are grown seedlings identically in the seedling raising process, and suitable temperature is seeded into that to begin to emerge be 25～30 ℃; 3 true leaves of Qi Miao to the reveal 22～25 ℃ in core white sky, 10～15 ℃ of nights; 18～20 ℃ of rice shoot hardening period daytimes, 8～10 ℃ of nights.
(2) the conventional plug media seedling system of the control group and method are grown seedlings
The conventional plug media seedling system of the control group, with reference to the method for the inferior equality of department carry out (Si Yaping, He Wei is bright. the vegetable plug seedling technology. Beijing: Chinese agriculture publishing house, 1999), method is as follows:
A. select Shandong to produce the point disk seedling growing dedicated substrate;
B. sowing depth is 1.0 centimetres, after planting covers vermiculite.Then seedling-cultivating tray is sprayed permeable (water try to get to the heart of a matter from the cave hole ooze), the matrix maximum water-holding capacity is reached more than 200%;
C. being seeded into begins to emerge is 25～30 ℃; 3 true leaves of Qi Miao to the reveal 22～25 ℃ in core white sky, 10～15 ℃ of nights; 18～20 ℃ of rice shoot hardening period daytimes, 8～10 ℃ of nights.Seedling stage, cotyledon was expanded to 2 leaves wholeheartedly, and moisture is 75%～80% of maximum water-holding capacity; Seedling stages two leaf wholeheartedly after, carry out spray leaf fertilizer 1～2 time in conjunction with water spray; Three leaves are wholeheartedly sold to commercial seedling, and moisture is about 75%.On 18～20 ℃ of rice shoot hardening period daytimes, 8～10 ℃ of nights are to adapt to the natural environment after the field planting.
The result that grows seedlings is as shown in table 6:
The different seedling raising mannerses of table 6 are on the impact of Growth of Tomato Seedling
Annotate: the different letter representation significance levels of difference of same column numerical value reach 0.05.
Can be found out by table 6 result, the tomato sprout plant height that nutrient solution is processed without substrate seedling when off-test, stem are thick, dry weight with strong sprout index grow seedlings to process to compare with plug media and improved respectively 100.5%, 19.4%, 144.7% and 46.8%; Significantly improved regularity, the strong sprout rate and robustness of rice shoot.
In sum, system of the present invention adopts sowing paper and covers paper the plant overground part is fixed, and adopts Nutrition Solution Regulating System, and root system directly absorbs required moisture and the nutrient of growth of seedling from nutrient solution, realized that root system is without substrate seedling production.Native system is by the innovative design to seedling system, realized the comprehensive accuracy controlling to the required temperature of plant strain growth in the whole seedling raising process, moisture, nutrient and oxygen atmosphere factor, thereby set up the environmental condition that is suitable for growth of seedling most, the batch production of link of really having accomplished to grow seedlings, water saving joint is fertile, has improved the regularity of growing seedlings, strong sprout rate and robustness.Therefore, the present invention not only has innovation at the cultivation theory and technology, and has obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit in grow seedlings of vegetable production, has the prospect of applying.
Claims (10)
1. a nutrient solution is characterized in that without the substrate seedling cultivation system, it comprise nutrient solution grow seedlings groove, the lattice dish of growing seedlings, sowing paper, cover paper, cover matrix, solution temperature regulating system, nutrient solution oxygenating system and nutrient solution make-up system;
This nutrient solution is grown seedlings and is contained nutrient solution in the groove;
This lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, the lattice dish of growing seedlings is the vinyl disc that the bottom has a plurality of depression lattice dishes hole, each lattice dish hole is of a size of individual plant seedlings root growth requisite space, have permeable hole at least one side in each lattice dish hole, this permeable hole partly or entirely is immersed in the nutrient solution;
This sowing paper directly overlays on this lattice dish of growing seedlings at seeding time;
This covering paper is after planting covering on year seed-bearing sowing paper;
This covering matrix is layed in and covers on the paper;
This solution temperature regulating system comprises the temperature adjustment pipeline, circulating pump, water tank, temperature detect switch (TDS), and firing equipment and refrigeration plant; This temperature adjustment pipe laying is below described nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove or be embedded in nutrient solution and grow seedlings in the groove;
This nutrient solution oxygenating system comprises oxygen charging pump, and the oxygenation pipeline is opened on nutrient solution grow seedlings porous gas outlet in the groove and batch (-type) switch or timer;
This nutrient solution make-up system comprises the grow seedlings pipeline of groove of nutrient tank, water pump and connection nutrient tank and nutrient solution.
2. cultivation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described nutrient solution is grown seedlings and altitude valve is set on the groove, and it is height-adjustable tubular structure, and the one end opening is in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, and the other end connects overflow pipe; When the liquid level in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove exceeded the altitude valve mouth, nutrient solution flowed out the nutrient solution groove of growing seedlings by altitude valve and overflow pipe, is back in the nutrition liquid pool; By regulating the height of valve port, the grow seedlings liquid level of nutrient solution in the groove of control different times nutrient solution.
3. cultivation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the grow seedlings height of groove of described nutrient solution is 8.5～9.5 centimetres.
4. cultivation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described covering matrix is perlite or vermiculite, and thickness is 0.5～1 centimetre.
5. a nutrient solution is characterized in that without the substrate seedling cultivation system, it comprise nutrient solution grow seedlings groove, the lattice dish of growing seedlings, sowing paper, cover paper, cover matrix and nutrient solution loop temperature-control system;
This nutrient solution is grown seedlings and is contained nutrient solution in the groove;
This lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, the lattice dish of growing seedlings is the vinyl disc that the bottom has a plurality of depression lattice dishes hole, each lattice dish hole is of a size of individual plant seedlings root growth requisite space, have permeable hole at least one side in each lattice dish hole, this permeable hole partly or entirely is immersed in the nutrient solution;
This sowing paper directly overlays on this lattice dish of growing seedlings at seeding time;
This covering paper is after planting covering on year seed-bearing sowing paper;
This covering matrix is layed in and covers on the paper;
This nutrient solution loop temperature-control system comprises the nutrition liquid pool, liquid-transport pipe-line, and EGR is regulated batch (-type) switch or timer, firing equipment and refrigeration plant that EGR moves.
6. cultivation system according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described nutrient solution is grown seedlings and altitude valve is set on the groove, and it is height-adjustable tubular structure, and the one end opening is in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, and the other end connects overflow pipe; When the liquid level in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove exceeded the altitude valve mouth, nutrient solution flowed out the nutrient solution groove of growing seedlings by altitude valve and overflow pipe, is back in the nutrition liquid pool; By regulating the height of valve port, the grow seedlings liquid level of nutrient solution in the groove of control different times nutrient solution.
7. cultivation system according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the grow seedlings height of groove of described nutrient solution is 8.5～9.5 centimetres.
8. cultivation system according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described covering matrix is perlite or vermiculite, and thickness is 0.5～1 centimetre.
9. an application cultivation system as claimed in claim 1 carries out nutrient solution without the method for substrate seedling, it is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
A. in growing seedlings groove, injects nutrient solution nutrient solution;
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. cover the covering paper with absorbent ventilate above the seed-bearing sowing paper carrying, cover and cover matrix above the paper;
D. utilization covers the water imbibition of paper or regularly sprays water on the lattice dish of growing seedlings, and it is moistening with covering matrix to keep covering paper;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system penetrates under the sowing principal direction grows, and the resistance that the above covers paper and covering matrix prevents that seedling band cap is unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. the nutrient solution oxygenating system adopts oxygen charging pump regularly oxygenation in the nutrient solution;
G. the solution temperature regulating system is by being laid on grow seedlings groove below or be embedded in grow seedlings temperature adjustment pipeline circulating hot water in winter in the groove of nutrient solution of nutrient solution, and summer, circulating water was regulated the temperature of nutrient solution to the seedling growth optimum temperature;
H. in the seedling raising process since seedling growth and the rising nutrient solution nutrient solution that reduces in the groove of growing seedlings that makes in time replenish by the nutrient solution make-up system.
10. an application cultivation system as claimed in claim 5 carries out nutrient solution without the method for substrate seedling, it is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
A. in growing seedlings groove, injects nutrient solution nutrient solution,
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. cover the covering paper with absorbent ventilate above the seed-bearing sowing paper carrying, cover and cover matrix above the paper;
D. utilization covers the water imbibition of paper or regularly sprays water on the lattice dish of growing seedlings, and it is moistening with covering matrix to keep covering paper;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system penetrates under the sowing principal direction grows, and the resistance that the above covers paper and covering matrix prevents that seedling band cap is unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. nutrient solution loop temperature-control system is the nutrient solution Additional nutrient solution in the groove of growing seedlings, and carries out dissolved oxygen by the cyclic process of nutrient solution, and the temperature by the firing equipment in the system and refrigeration plant direct regulation and control nutrient solution is to the seedling growth optimum temperature.
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