CN101965795A - Nutrient solution matrix-free seedling raising and cultivating system and seedling raising method - Google Patents
Nutrient solution matrix-free seedling raising and cultivating system and seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nutrient solution matrix-free seedling raising and cultivating system and a seedling raising method. The system comprises a nutrient solution seedling raising tank, a seedling grid plate, seeding paper and covering paper, wherein the nutrient solution seedling raising tank is filled with water or nutrient solution; the seedling raising grid plate is arranged on the nutrient solution seedling raising tank, and water through holes are formed on the side faces of the grid plate holes of the seedling raising grid plate; the seeding paper is laid on the seedling raising grid plate; and after seeding, the covering paper is covered on the seeding paper bearing seeds. The method comprises: sowing seeds on the seeding paper, covering the covering paper with high water absorbing performance and breathability and covering the perlite or vermiculite on the covering paper; and after the seeds germinate, the roots of the seedlings penetrate the seeding paper to grow downward to absorb water and nutrients from the nutrient solution below. When the system is used, a matrix which is adopted by the conventional industrial seeding raising technique is not used, the overall accurate control over the temperature, water, nutrient and oxygen required by plants for growth in the whole seedling raising process is realized, the industrialization of the seedling raising process is realized, and the uniformity, strong seedling rate and robust degree of the seedlings are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nutrient solution does not have substrate seedling cultivation system and seedling-cultivating method, belongs to the soilless-cultivated seedling technical field.
Background technology
China is faced with serious resource and energy shortage problem, and per capita area of cultivated farmland and water resource occupancy volume have only 1/3 and 1/4 of world's per capita share, and is the trend of further minimizing.In the face of this reality, China's agricultural must be selected the road of the intensification sustainable development of a resources effective utilization.Cultivation technique without soil is to realize vegetables high yield, high-quality, important channel efficiently, also is that vegetables produce by the novel planting type of traditional farming production to modernization, scale, intensification conversion.Vegetables are cultivated two parts of link after producing and comprising grow seedlings link and field planting, and the link of growing seedlings is because intensification degree height realizes that batch production should be at first from the link of growing seedlings.
Along with the progress and the development of China's agricultural modernization, vegetables produce to be produced to the modern industrialization of scientific, intensification, commercialization and the marketization by traditional individual form and change.Become a sign of agricultural high-tech as the factorial seedling growth of vegetable seedling industrialization important component part.Vegetable worksization is grown seedlings and mainly is meant cave disk base material seedling growing process, China is since formally introducing cave disk base material seedling growing process the eighties in 20th century, numerous agro-technicians are on the basis of introducing, digest, absorbing, according to China's vegetable seedling production characteristics, tentatively set up and be fit to China vegetables cave dish factorial seedling growth system (Chen Diankui, China's Vegetable, 2000, (S1): 7-11).Thisly do seedling medium with light matrix such as peat, vermiculite, coconut skin, perlite, make container for plant growth with cave dish, adopt the mechanization precision drilling, the modernization of the once-seedling forming system of growing seedlings, its major advantage be the saving of labor, laborsaving, efficient is high, is convenient to that improved seeds are promoted and the standard seedling management; Cheng Miao is convenient to transportation and mechanization transplanting at a distance, and the root system vigor is good after the field planting, and slow seedling is fast, (takes charge of inferior equality, China's Vegetable, 2000, (06): 52-53) so enforcement vegetables production mechanization, scale and lasting high-efficient development are had the particular importance meaning.But still there is the problem of the following aspects:
1, be unfavorable for that environmental protection peat is most widely used in the world general, the optimal a kind of soilless raising seedling substrate of effect, yet except skewness, transportation difficulty, selling price were high, peat was also significant on the protection environment.Peat is a kind of non-renewable resources in a short time, and the total amount of storage is limited, can not unrestrictedly exploit, and reduces the consumption of peat as far as possible or seek the peat substitute to get more and more people's extensive concerning.In addition, be difficult to handle after rock wool is used, environment is caused severe contamination.
2, the high cave of seedling cost disk base material is grown seedlings, because a large amount of higher seedling mediums of price such as peat, vermiculite that use have increased the cost of growing seedlings.
3, the disk base material matrix species commonly used of growing seedlings in the big cave of matrix allotment and nutrient regulation and control difficulty is a lot, mainly contains peat, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, charring rice husk, slag, sawdust, cotton seed hulls, bark etc.The physicochemical property of different substrates is widely different, and the regulation and control difficulty of the allotment of seedling medium and nutrient component is bigger.
4, the big cave of moisture regulation difficulty disk base material is grown seedlings and is adopted organic or inorganic matrixes more, and pouring clear water or nutrient solution are cultivated.Because the ventilative water retention property difference of different substrates, water supply in media content is easy-regulating not.
5, substrate temperature is regulated and control difficult vegetable crop seedling to the environmental condition sensitivity, and is strict, and suitable temperature just can bring out high-quality strong sprout.Present way is to bury electric heating wire in seedling raising bedstead underground, guaranteeing the rice shoot root temperature 10～30 ℃ of scopes, but can't regulate control accurately at the Different Crop seedling.
6, the high cave of the matrix cost of transportation disk base material main light matrix such as peat that relies on of growing seedlings, and the peat resource-constrained, and major part concentrates on northeast, so cost of transportation height, limited the use of China's wide geographic area, especially lacking saline and alkaline, the dust storm of good lightweight seedling medium, arid area, the cave disk base material is grown seedlings and is difficult to the due effect of performance.
7, own physicochemical property instabilities such as matrix treatments difficulty organic culture substrate such as wood chip, sawdust, bagasse, rice husk, but also contain some noxious materials such as phenols, heavy metal, can not directly be used as seedling medium, need carry out preliminary treatment to it, its labile organic substance is decomposed, noxious material is removed, and just can not produce harmful effect in seedling raising process.At present main processing mode is that it is carried out the nature stack retting, and this method takes length, physicochemical property instability behind the stack retting, and stack retting time length do not had concrete unified standard, the process control difficulty.
In addition, floating seedlings is the advanced technology that is used for tobacco seedling that the U.S. develops, utilize the expanded polystyrene lattice dish of moulding to be floating body, the nutrient matrix of artificial preparation in the filling, the lattice dish is floated on the Miao Chizhong of complete mineral nutrition, finishing sprouting, the growth of seed and become the seedling raising manners of seedling process, is one of mode of soilless-cultivated seedling.The mid-90 in 20th century introduces domestic, at first uses successfully (Cai Ming, the Changjiang river vegetables, 2008 (3): 18-19) on Yunnan tobacco is grown seedlings.According to statistics, the application area of floating seedlings in 2006 on China tobacco reaches 73.2 ten thousand hm
2, account for 70% (Chen Naichun etc., China's Vegetable, 2008 (10): 49-50) that tobacco is always transplanted area.This technology has the raising breeding efficiency, and root system activity is strong, neat and consistent, be convenient to transportation, transplant advantages such as the back growing way is strong, is the main mode of growing seedlings in present domestic tobacco planting base.Floating seedlings has also carried out some researchs on vegetables such as tomato, cucumber, capsicum in recent years, but floating seedlings has the following disadvantages in grow seedlings of vegetable: 1. the matrix long period of soaking is in low temperature or high-temperature water, make root system development bad, bring out the disease (Cai Ming of rhizome portion easily, the Changjiang river vegetables, 2008 (3): 18-19); 2. the matrix long period of soaking is in the water oxygen unsaturated vapor; 3. water evaporates causes the problem that stromal surface salination etc. can't overcome.
Nutriculture in the soilless culture has certain application aborning, but does not appear in the newspapers in the Application for Field of growing seedlings.Therefore, develop a kind of novel seedling system, can break away from the restriction of soil in traditional seedling-cultivating method, can also break away from the grow seedlings restriction of mesostroma of cave disk base material, the nutrient solution of setting up similar plants factory does not have substrate seedling factory, only need water just can bring out into seedling with fertilizer, and envirment factors such as the temperature in the energy accuracy controlling seedling raising process, oxygen, nutrient, this will be the revolution of seedling growing process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the restriction of above-described traditional seedling raising manners, provide a kind of nutrient solution not have substrate seedling cultivation system and seedling-cultivating method, the use of conventional plant seedling growing process mesostroma has been removed by this system, adopt nutrient solution not have substrate culture, by sowing paper and covering paper with seedling overground part fixed support, root system is grown in the nutrient solution fully.Native system is by the innovative design to seedling system, realized comprehensive accuracy controlling to the required temperature of plant strain growth in the whole seedling raising process, moisture, nutrient and oxygen atmosphere factor, thereby set up the environmental condition that is suitable for growth of seedling most, the batch production of link of really having accomplished to grow seedlings, water saving joint is fertile, has improved the regularity of growing seedlings, strong sprout rate and robustness.
For achieving the above object, on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of nutrient solution does not have the substrate seedling cultivation system, and it comprises nutrient solution grow seedlings groove, the lattice dish of growing seedlings, sowing paper, covering paper and covering matrix; This nutrient solution is grown seedlings and is contained nutrient solution in the groove; This lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, the lattice dish of growing seedlings is the vinyl disc that the bottom has a plurality of depression lattice dishes hole, each lattice dish hole is of a size of individual plant seedlings root growth requisite space, have permeable hole at least one side in this lattice dish hole, this permeable hole partly or entirely is immersed in the nutrient solution; This sowing paper directly overlays on this lattice dish of growing seedlings at seeding time; This covering paper is after planting covering on the sowing paper that is loaded with seed; This covering matrix is layed on the covering paper.
In a kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, this cultivation system also comprises solution temperature regulating system, nutrient solution oxygenating system and nutrient solution make-up system; This solution temperature regulating system comprises the temperature adjustment pipeline, circulating pump, water tank, temperature detect switch (TDS), and heating and refrigeration plant; This temperature adjustment pipe laying is below described nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove or be embedded in nutrient solution and grow seedlings in the groove, winter circulating hot water, summer circulating water, the temperature of regulating nutrient solution by flowing of hot and cold water; This nutrient solution oxygenating system comprises oxygen charging pump, oxygenation pipeline, porous gas outlet and batch (-type) switch or timer; This nutrient solution make-up system comprises the grow seedlings pipeline of groove of nutrient tank, water pump and connection nutrient tank and nutrient solution.
In another kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, this cultivation system also comprises nutrient solution loop temperature-control system, and it comprises the nutrition liquid pool, liquid-transport pipe-line, and EGR is regulated batch (-type) switch or timer that EGR moves, heating, refrigeration plant.
Aforesaid cultivation system, wherein, this nutrient solution is grown seedlings and altitude valve can be set on the groove, and it is height-adjustable tubular structure, and the one end opening is in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, and the other end connects overflow pipe; When the liquid level in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove exceeded the altitude valve mouth, nutrient solution flowed out the nutrient solution groove of growing seedlings by altitude valve and overflow pipe, is back in the nutrition liquid pool; By regulating the height of valve port, the grow seedlings liquid level of nutrient solution in the groove of control different times nutrient solution.
Aforesaid cultivation system, wherein, the grow seedlings height of groove of this nutrient solution is preferably 8.5～9.5 centimetres.
Aforesaid cultivation system, wherein, this covering matrix is preferably perlite or vermiculite, and thickness is 0.5～1 centimetre.
On the other hand, the invention provides the aforesaid cultivation system of application and carry out the method that nutrient solution does not have substrate seedling, it comprises the steps:
A. in growing seedlings groove, injects nutrient solution nutrient solution;
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. on be loaded with the sowing paper of seed, cover covering paper, cover matrix above the covering paper with absorbent ventilate;
D. utilize the water imbibition of paper or regularly on the lattice dish of growing seedlings, spray water, keep covering paper and cover matrix moistening;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system penetrates the growth down of sowing principal direction, above covering paper and the resistance that covers matrix prevent that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. the nutrient solution oxygenating system adopts air pump regularly oxygenation in nutrient solution;
G. the solution temperature regulating system is by being laid on grow seedlings groove below or be embedded in grow seedlings temperature adjustment pipeline circulating hot water in winter in the groove of nutrient solution of nutrient solution, summer circulating water, the temperature of regulating nutrient solution is to the seedling growth optimum temperature;
H. in the seedling raising process since seedling growth and the rising nutrient solution nutrient solution that reduces in the groove of growing seedlings that makes in time replenish by the nutrient solution make-up system.
Again on the one hand, the invention provides the aforesaid cultivation system of another kind of application and carry out the method that nutrient solution does not have substrate seedling, it comprises the steps:
A. in growing seedlings groove, injects nutrient solution nutrient solution;
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. on be loaded with the sowing paper of seed, cover covering paper, cover matrix above the covering paper with absorbent ventilate;
D. utilize the water imbibition of paper or regularly on the lattice dish of growing seedlings, spray water, keep covering paper and cover matrix moistening;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system penetrates the growth down of sowing principal direction, above covering paper and the resistance that covers matrix prevent that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. nutrient solution loop temperature-control system is the nutrient solution liquid that supplements the nutrients in the groove of growing seedlings, and carries out dissolved oxygen by the cyclic process of nutrient solution, and the temperature by being placed in heating in the nutrition liquid pool, refrigeration plant direct regulation and control nutrient solution is to the seedling growth optimum temperature.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, native system is grown seedlings with the cave disk base material and is compared, and has removed the use of cave disk base material seedling growing process mesostroma, and root system directly contacts with nutrient solution, and restriction and the shortcoming of having avoided existing cave disk base material to grow seedlings have accomplished that real nutrient solution grows seedlings; Native system has been realized the comprehensive accuracy controlling to the required temperature of plant strain growth in the whole seedling raising process, moisture, nutrient and oxygen atmosphere factor, and the batch production of the link of really having accomplished to grow seedlings is a breakthrough innovation of seedling growing process.Application result shows: grow seedlings with the cave disk base material and compare, the plant height of the cucumber rice shoot that native system is cultivated, stem are thick, dry weight and strong sprout index improved 130.6%, 36.2%, 223.0% and 85.7% respectively; The plant height of tomato sprout, stem are thick, dry weight and strong sprout index improved 100.5%, 19.4%, 144.7% and 46.8% respectively; Significantly improved regularity, the strong sprout rate and robustness of rice shoot.
2, native system is fully without organic substrate, only adopt inorganic matrixes such as perlite or vermiculite to cover above the covering paper, mainly play the water conservation of budding period and take off kind of a skin effect, avoided the cave disk base material to grow seedlings and used the exploitations of non-renewable resources such as peat, environmental protection more in a large number.
3, the present invention's design of lattice dish STH that proposes first to grow seedlings.The permeable hole of tradition cave disk base material seedling-cultivating tray all adopts down perforate, and incompatibility nutrient solution seedling system of the present invention mainly is to have root system because the downward indeterminate growth of gravity causes lifting and plants the seedling difficult problem; The permeable hole of the invention proposition seedling-cultivating tray is opened the design at lattice dish hole sidewall, has solved this problem, obtains good result.Referring to accompanying drawing 10, the left side is the cucumber seedling of following perforate seedling-cultivating tray plantation; The right side is the cucumber seedling of STH seedling-cultivating tray plantation.
4, native system nutrient composition proportioning and concentration can be accomplished optimization and accuracy controlling according to the crop demand, have overcome the shortcoming that the substrate seedling nutrient is difficult to regulate and control.
5, native system has changed the water supplementing method that sprays from the rice shoot top in traditional point disk seedling growing, and moisture mainly directly absorbs from nutrient solution, has overcome traditional point disk seedling growing because of the shortcoming that the cave disk body is long-pending little, the moisture content change of matrix is difficult to regulate and control greatly; And avoided the inhomogeneous injury of water spray in traditional point disk seedling growing to rice shoot; Particularly the matrix of Fu Gaiing is in drying regime, has reduced the air humidity in seedbed, alleviates the generation of disease.
6, native system has thoroughly solved water supply in media too high levels, oxygen deficiency and three defectives of stromal surface salination that can't overcome in the floating seedlings by structural design; The covering matrix of native system does not directly contact with nutrient solution, has avoided matrix salination that floating plate causes because of evaporation in growing seedlings and matrix long period of soaking in low temperature or high-temperature water, makes root system development bad, brings out rhizome portion disease problem easily.
7, native system except that by SOS to the nutrient solution supplemental oxygen, the also control by liquid level especially, make root system partly be exposed in the air, part is in the nutrient solution, make root system can absorb moisture, nutrient, the oxygen of absorbent abundance is grown root system healthy and strongly again, lays the foundation strong sprout for cultivating.
8, the native system adjustment is mainly by directly heating to nutrient solution or lower the temperature, and is more direct, economical than the environment temperature adjustment of routine, effectively.Particularly overcome traditional point disk seedling growing because of the shortcoming that the cave disk body is long-pending little, the variations in temperature of matrix is difficult to regulate and control greatly.
9, native system Cheng Miaohou lifting is more convenient, quick, occupies little space, and is more conducive to transportation.The more important thing is and avoided of the injury of conventional seedbed system lifting that slow seedling is fast after the field planting, helps kipeming high yield to seedlings root.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 inflatable seedling system structural representation;
Fig. 2 nutrient solution groove planar structure schematic diagram of growing seedlings;
Fig. 3 nutrient solution groove longitudinal sectional view of growing seedlings;
Fig. 4 lattice dish planar structure schematic diagram of growing seedlings;
The grow seedlings profile of lattice rim A-A of Fig. 5;
Fig. 6 inflatable seedling system planar structure schematic diagram;
The circulating seedling system planar structure of Fig. 7 schematic diagram;
The circulating seedling system longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 8;
Fig. 9 water control valve perspective view;
Figure 10 uses down the cucumber seedling photo of perforate seedling-cultivating tray and the plantation of STH seedling-cultivating tray.
Embodiment
The principle of cultivation system of the present invention and seedling-cultivating method is:
Seed is directly sowed on sowing paper, utilized the water imbibition of paper or, the water demand when guaranteeing seed germination from top water spray.It is good and the paper of certain intensity is arranged to cover absorbent ventilate above, covers perlite or vermiculite above the covering paper, on the one hand at the germination period water conservation and sufficient oxygen is provided, promotes to sprout; Prevent that on the other hand seed from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed.Behind the seed sprouting, root system can penetrate the down growth of sowing principal direction smoothly, above the resistance of covering paper and perlite or vermiculite can prevent effectively that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed.After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient mainly relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom; Nutrient solution is supplied with the required oxygen of plant strain growth by the mode of circulation or oxygenation.
Root system directly contacts with special nutrient fluid in the cultivation system of the present invention, has ensured the abundant absorption of rice shoot to moisture and nutrient.By the circulation or the oxygenation of nutrient solution, rice shoot can access sufficient oxygen supply, and in addition, the nutrient solution adjusting of liquid level of growing seedlings in the groove allows a part of root system be exposed in the air directly contact oxygen, makes the sufficient supplies of oxygen obtain double shield.Studies show that of conventional soil cultivation can obtain same high output under suitable temperature condition by the adjusting (root system is directly heated or lowered the temperature) to soil temperature, and energy resource consumption is lower than climate comfort.For example, the tomato cultivation evidence of Trudel also can obtain same high output under suitable temperature condition by the soil of heating under low temperature condition; And the energy resource consumption of the soil of heating only is the 20%-25% of temperature (the Trudel M.and Gosselin that heats, A.:Influence of soil temperature in greenhouse tomato production, HortScience 1982,17 (6): 928-929.); In addition, the romaine lettuce pull-down test in the present application people summer in 2000 shows, soil temperature is reduced by 5 spend the effect that has just obtained to increase production more than 90%, and utilize lower energy resource consumption just can realize direct cooling (the Mingchi Liu of soil, Akira Tanaka, Hang Chen.Development of soil-cooling and auto-irrigating system with negative pressure.Transactions of the ASABE, 2006,49 (1): 239-244.).And compare with soil, the thermal capacitance of nutrient solution is lower, heat transfer efficiency is higher, thereby the temperature of directly regulating nutrient solution is not only than direct adjusting soil temperature conserve energy more, and more in time, accurately, effectively.Therefore, cultivation system of the present invention water (moisture), fertile (nutrient), gas (oxygen), heat (temperature) four big factors required to the rice shoot healthy growth and development have been carried out optimized design and integration, provide guarantee strong sprout for cultivating.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with instantiation.
Embodiment 1: the inflatable nutrient solution does not have the substrate seedling cultivation system
Figure 1 shows that the structural representation of a kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, this nutrient solution does not have the substrate seedling system and comprises: nutrient solution grow seedlings groove 1, the lattice dish 2 of growing seedlings, sowing paper 3, covering paper 4, cover matrix 25, solution temperature regulating system 5, nutrient solution oxygenating system 6 and nutrient solution make-up system 7;
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the nutrient solution groove 1 of growing seedlings is a tray shape rigid plastics container, highly is 8.5～9.5 centimetres, in be filled with water or nutrient solution.The grow seedlings width of groove of nutrient solution is decided according to the specification of seedling-cultivating tray, and length is the width of 5 lattice dishes of growing seedlings, and the bottom is provided with bracing frame 8.The nutrient solution trough that groove also can be built into for other material of growing seedlings, interior shop two layers of plastic thin films is put bedding and padding on the film, be used for supporting the lattice dish of growing seedlings.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 5, the lattice dish 2 of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the bracing frame 8 of trench bottom, the vinyl disc in its a plurality of depression lattice dishes hole 10 for the bottom has, each lattice dish hole is of a size of individual plant seedlings root growth requisite space, lattice dish hole is about cube, and respectively there is a permeable hole 11 4 sides; The lattice dish 2 of growing seedlings is polyethylene or polystyrene plastics dish, and specification is decided according to crop species.The lattice dish is divided into different sizes such as 50,72,128,256 lattice.Lattice dish hole is the space of seedlings root growth, can also guarantee the independence of growing between plant root, avoids being intertwined.The permeable hole 11 of lattice dish side is beneficial to entering of nutrient solution, prevents that simultaneously root system from stretching out lattice dish outside.
As shown in Figure 1, sowing paper 3 directly overlays on this lattice dish 2 of growing seedlings at seeding time, and the seed 26 correspondences lattice dish hole count of growing seedlings is broadcast thereon.This sowing paper can play the effect of suction, fixed support seedling, and root system can penetrate the growth down of sowing principal direction smoothly after its intensity allowed seed sprouting, and easy again tear fracture or cut out easily during lifting can not damage seedling and root system.As nonwoven etc.
Covering paper 4 is after planting covering on the sowing paper 3 that is loaded with seed.Covering paper is the paper that absorbent ventilate is good, have suitable depth and intensity, and purpose is to prevent that seed from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthedly, and plays the effect of fixed support seedling.
As Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 9, nutrient solution is grown seedlings and altitude valve 23 is set on the groove, and it is height-adjustable tubular structure, and the one end opening is in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, and the other end connects overflow pipe 28; When the liquid level in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove exceeded the altitude valve mouth, nutrient solution flowed out the nutrient solutions groove of growing seedlings by altitude valve 23 and overflow pipe 28, is back to nutrition liquid pool 22; By regulating the height of valve port 29, the grow seedlings liquid level of nutrient solution in the groove of control different times nutrient solution.
As shown in Figure 1, solution temperature regulating system 5 is made up of water tank 12, circulating pump 13, temperature detect switch (TDS) 27 and temperature adjustment pipeline 14, heating and refrigeration plant are set in the water tank, temperature adjustment pipeline 14 is laid on grow seedlings groove 1 below or be embedded in nutrient solution and grow seedlings in the groove of nutrient solution, winter circulating hot water, summer circulating water, the temperature of regulating nutrient solution is to the seedling growth optimum temperature;
As Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 6, nutrient solution oxygenating system 6 by oxygen charging pump 15, oxygenation pipeline 16, be opened on nutrient solution grow seedlings porous gas outlet 17 and batch (-type) switch or timer 18 in the groove, guarantee to contain in the nutrient solution the sufficient molten oxygen of depositing.
Nutrient solution make-up system 7 is made up of nutrient solution filling 19, water pump 20 and pipeline 21, stores the nutrient solution working solution that concentration prepares during nutrient solution is irritated; By the water pump nutrient solution that liquid grows seedlings and reduce in the groove that can supplement the nutrients in time, easily.
Seedling raising process comprises the steps:
A. in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, inject nutrient solution, adjust the concentration and the liquid level of nutrient solution according to the needs of crop seedling different times;
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. on be loaded with the sowing paper of seed, cover covering paper, cover matrix above the covering paper with absorbent ventilate;
D. utilize the water imbibition of paper or, keep covering paper and cover matrix moistening, the water demand when guaranteeing seed germination from top water spray;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system can penetrate the growth down of sowing principal direction smoothly, above the resistance of covering paper and perlite or vermiculite can prevent effectively that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient mainly relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. adopt air pump regularly oxygenation in nutrient solution.
G. the solution temperature regulating system is by being laid on grow seedlings groove below or be embedded in grow seedlings temperature adjustment pipeline circulating hot water in winter in the groove of nutrient solution of nutrient solution, summer circulating water, the temperature of regulating nutrient solution is to the seedling growth optimum temperature;
H. in the seedling raising process since seedling growth and the rising nutrient solution nutrient solution that reduces in the groove of growing seedlings that makes in time replenish by the nutrient solution make-up system.
(1) seedling system described in the Application Example 1 carries out cucumber seedling-raising, and the cucumber seedling-raising process comprises the steps:
A. inject cucumber special nutrient fluid (its essential element constituent sees Table 1) in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, the concentration of nutrient solution is complete doubly amount, 6.5 centimetres of the nutrient solution degree of depth;
Table 1 cucumber special nutrient fluid is formed
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings of STH is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed cucumber seeds on sowing paper;
C. on be loaded with the sowing paper of seed, cover covering paper, cover the moistening perlite of 1.0 cm thicks above the covering paper with absorbent ventilate;
D. in time on perlite, spray clear water, the water demand when guaranteeing germination of cucumber seeds;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system can penetrate the growth down of sowing principal direction smoothly, above the resistance of covering paper and perlite or vermiculite can prevent effectively that cucumber seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient mainly relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. adopt the air pump oxygenation that in nutrient solution, circulates round the clock, every oxygenation in 30 minutes 20 minutes;
G. the temperature adjustment pipe is laid on nutrient solution and grows seedlings in the groove, regulate the nutrient solution temperature of nutrient solution of growing seedlings in the groove and be seeded into that to begin to emerge be 20～25 ℃; 3 true leaves of Qi Miao to the reveal 18～20 ℃ in the heart; 15 ℃ of rice shoot hardening periods;
H. the control method of ambient air temperature and conventional cave disk base material are grown seedlings identically in the seedling raising process, and suitable temperature is seeded into that to begin to emerge be 25～28 ℃; 3 true leaves of Qi Miao to the reveal 22～25 ℃ in core white sky, 12～16 ℃ of nights; 18～20 ℃ of rice shoot hardening period daytimes, 8～10 ℃ of nights;
I. in the seedling raising process since seedling growth and the rising nutrient solution nutrient solution that reduces in the groove of growing seedlings that makes in time replenish by the nutrient solution make-up system.
(2) conventional cave disk base material seedling system of The control group and method are grown seedlings
The conventional cave of The control group disk base material seedling system, with reference to the method for the inferior equality of department carry out (Si Yaping, He Wei is bright. the vegetable plug seedling technology. Beijing: Chinese agriculture publishing house, 1999), method is as follows:
A. select for use Shandong to produce the point disk seedling growing dedicated substrate;
B. sowing depth is 1.0 centimetres, after planting covers vermiculite.Then seedling-cultivating tray is sprayed permeable (water try to get to the heart of a matter hole ooze), the matrix maximum water-holding capacity is reached more than 200% from the cave;
C. extremely neat seedling stage emphasis is a temperature treatment after sowing, 25～28 ℃ of daytimes, 18～20 ℃ of nights; 3 true leaves of Qi Miao to the reveal 22～25 ℃ in core white sky, 12～16 ℃ of nights; Seedling stage, cotyledon was expanded to 2 leaves wholeheartedly, and moisture is 75%～80% of a maximum water-holding capacity; Seedling stages two leaf wholeheartedly after, carry out spray leaf fertilizer 1～2 time in conjunction with water spray; Three leaves are wholeheartedly sold to commercial seedling, and moisture is about 75%.On 18～20 ℃ of rice shoot hardening period daytimes, 8～10 ℃ of nights are to adapt to the natural environment after the field planting.
The result that grows seedlings is shown in table 2～4:
The different seedling raising mannerses of table 2 are to the influence (unit: cm) of cucumber seedling plant height
By table 2 result as can be seen, before after planting 16 days, disk base material grow seedlings cucumber seedling plant height that (contrast) handle in cave is better than nutrient solution and does not have substrate seedling and handle, nutrient solution does not have plant height that substrate seedling handles and surpasses the processing of growing seedlings of cave disk base material rapidly afterwards, though show under the live situation of the dried seed of cucumber nutrient solution do not have substrate seedling handle speed of emergence and early growth speed than cave disk base material grow seedlings handle slightly poor, but the growth of middle and later periods is significantly better than the processing of growing seedlings of cave disk base material, and nutrient solution does not have rice shoot plant height that substrate seedling handles and grows seedlings to handle to compare with the cave disk base material and increased by 17.5 centimetres when off-test.
The different seedling raising mannerses of table 3 are to the influence of cucumber seedling growth
Annotate: the different letter representation significance levels of difference of same column numerical value reach 0.05.
By table 3 result as can be seen, when off-test nutrient solution do not have that cucumber rice shoot plant height, stem that substrate seedling handles are thick, dry weight with strong sprout index grow seedlings to handle to compare with the cave disk base material and improved 130.6%, 36.2%, 223.0% and 85.7% respectively.Significantly improved regularity, the strong sprout rate and robustness of rice shoot.
The different seedling raising mannerses of table 4 are to the influence of cucumber seedling leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content
Chloroplast in the blade is that rice shoot carries out photosynthetic vitals, and the height that how much directly affects the rice shoot photosynthetic capacity of chloroplast middle period green content; Carotenoid is one of rice shoot antagonism interior free yl utmost point effective anti-oxidants, has important function on raising rice shoot disease resistance.By table 4 result as can be seen, nutrient solution does not have rice shoot Chlorophylls and Carotenoids content that substrate seedling handles and obviously is better than the processing of growing seedlings of cave disk base material when off-test, improved 19.9% and 31.8% respectively, this also is that nutrient solution does not have the high main cause of rice shoot index in strong sprout that substrate seedling is handled.
Embodiment 3 loop temperature-control formula nutrient solutions do not have the substrate seedling cultivation system
The 26S Proteasome Structure and Function that nutrient solution in the loop temperature-control formula seedling system grows seedlings groove 1, the lattice dish 2 of growing seedlings, sowing paper 3, covering paper 4, cover matrix 25 and altitude valve 23 is identical with embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, loop temperature-control formula seedling system also comprises nutrient solution loop temperature-control system, and it is by nutrition liquid pool 22, liquid-transport pipe-line 31, and EGR 24, the timer 30 of adjusting water pump operation, temperature regulating device 32 and heating, refrigeration plant 33 are formed.Store the nutrient solution working solution that concentration prepares in the nutrition liquid pool 22, heating, refrigeration plant are installed in the nutrition liquid pool 22, regulate and control solution temperature at any time to the seedling growth optimum temperature.
Seedling raising process comprises the steps:
A. in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, inject nutrient solution, adjust the concentration and the liquid level of nutrient solution according to the needs of crop seedling different times;
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. on be loaded with the sowing paper of seed, cover covering paper, cover matrix above the covering paper with absorbent ventilate;
D. utilize the water imbibition of paper or regularly on the lattice dish of growing seedlings, spray water, keep covering paper and cover matrix moistening, the water demand when guaranteeing seed germination;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system can penetrate the growth down of sowing principal direction smoothly, above the resistance of covering paper and perlite or vermiculite can prevent effectively that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient mainly relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. nutrient solution loop temperature-control system is the nutrient solution liquid that supplements the nutrients in the groove of growing seedlings, and carries out dissolved oxygen by the cyclic process of nutrient solution, and the temperature by the heating in the system, refrigeration plant direct regulation and control nutrient solution is to the seedling growth optimum temperature.
Embodiment 4 loop temperature-control formula nutrient solutions do not have matrix tomato seedling technology
(1) seedling system described in the Application Example 3 carries out tomato seedling, and the tomato seedling process comprises the steps:
A. inject tomato special nutrient fluid (its essential element constituent sees Table 5) in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, the concentration of nutrient solution is 1/2 complete doubly amount, 6.5 centimetres of the nutrient solution degree of depth;
Table 5 tomato special nutrient fluid is formed
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings of STH is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed tomato seeds on sowing paper;
C. on be loaded with the sowing paper of seed, cover covering paper, cover the moistening perlite of 1 cm thick above the covering paper with absorbent ventilate;
D. in time on perlite, spray clear water, guarantee the water demand when tomato seeds is sprouted;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system can penetrate the growth down of sowing principal direction smoothly, above the resistance of covering paper and perlite or vermiculite can prevent effectively that tomato seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient mainly relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. nutrient solution loop temperature-control system is the nutrient solution liquid that supplements the nutrients in the groove of growing seedlings, dissolved oxygen is carried out in cyclic process by nutrient solution, and 3 true leaves of the neat seedling to the of temperature by being placed in the temperature equipment direct regulation and control nutrient solution in the nutrition liquid pool reveal 20～22 ℃ in core white sky, 15～16 ℃ of nights; 15 ℃ of rice shoot hardening periods;
G. the control method of ambient air temperature and conventional cave disk base material are grown seedlings identically in the seedling raising process, and suitable temperature is seeded into that to begin to emerge be 25～30 ℃; 3 true leaves of Qi Miao to the reveal 22～25 ℃ in core white sky, 10～15 ℃ of nights; 18～20 ℃ of rice shoot hardening period daytimes, 8～10 ℃ of nights.
(2) conventional cave disk base material seedling system of The control group and method are grown seedlings
The conventional cave of The control group disk base material seedling system, with reference to the method for the inferior equality of department carry out (Si Yaping, He Wei is bright. the vegetable plug seedling technology. Beijing: Chinese agriculture publishing house, 1999), method is as follows:
A. select for use Shandong to produce the point disk seedling growing dedicated substrate;
B. sowing depth is 1.0 centimetres, after planting covers vermiculite.Then seedling-cultivating tray is sprayed permeable (water try to get to the heart of a matter hole ooze), the matrix maximum water-holding capacity is reached more than 200% from the cave;
C. being seeded into begins to emerge is 25～30 ℃; 3 true leaves of Qi Miao to the reveal 22～25 ℃ in core white sky, 10～15 ℃ of nights; 18～20 ℃ of rice shoot hardening period daytimes, 8～10 ℃ of nights.Seedling stage, cotyledon was expanded to 2 leaves wholeheartedly, and moisture is 75%～80% of a maximum water-holding capacity; Seedling stages two leaf wholeheartedly after, carry out spray leaf fertilizer 1～2 time in conjunction with water spray; Three leaves are wholeheartedly sold to commercial seedling, and moisture is about 75%.On 18～20 ℃ of rice shoot hardening period daytimes, 8～10 ℃ of nights are to adapt to the natural environment after the field planting.
The result that grows seedlings is as shown in table 6:
The different seedling raising mannerses of table 6 are to the influence of tomato seedling growth
Annotate: the different letter representation significance levels of difference of same column numerical value reach 0.05.
By table 6 result as can be seen, when off-test nutrient solution do not have that tomato sprout plant height, stem that substrate seedling handles are thick, dry weight with strong sprout index grow seedlings to handle to compare with the cave disk base material and improved 100.5%, 19.4%, 144.7% and 46.8% respectively; Significantly improved regularity, the strong sprout rate and robustness of rice shoot.
In sum, system of the present invention adopts sowing paper and covering paper that the plant overground part is fixed, and adopts the nutrient solution regulator control system, and root system directly absorbs required moisture and the nutrient of growth of seedling from nutrient solution, realized that root system does not have substrate seedling production.Native system is by the innovative design to seedling system, realized comprehensive accuracy controlling to the required temperature of plant strain growth in the whole seedling raising process, moisture, nutrient and oxygen atmosphere factor, thereby set up the environmental condition that is suitable for growth of seedling most, the batch production of link of really having accomplished to grow seedlings, water saving joint is fertile, has improved the regularity of growing seedlings, strong sprout rate and robustness.Therefore, the present invention not only has innovation on the cultivation theory and technology, and has tangible economic benefit and environmental benefit in grow seedlings of vegetable production, has the prospect of applying.
Claims (8)
1. a nutrient solution does not have the substrate seedling cultivation system, it is characterized in that, it comprises nutrient solution grow seedlings groove, the lattice dish of growing seedlings, sowing paper, covering paper and covering matrix;
This nutrient solution is grown seedlings and is contained nutrient solution in the groove;
This lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, the lattice dish of growing seedlings is the vinyl disc that the bottom has a plurality of depression lattice dishes hole, each lattice dish hole is of a size of individual plant seedlings root growth requisite space, have permeable hole at least one side in each lattice dish hole, this permeable hole partly or entirely is immersed in the nutrient solution;
This sowing paper directly overlays on this lattice dish of growing seedlings at seeding time;
This covering paper is after planting covering on the sowing paper that is loaded with seed;
This covering matrix is layed on the covering paper.
2. cultivation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cultivation system also comprises solution temperature regulating system, nutrient solution oxygenating system and nutrient solution make-up system;
This solution temperature regulating system comprises the temperature adjustment pipeline, circulating pump, water tank, temperature detect switch (TDS), and heating and refrigeration plant; This temperature adjustment pipe laying is below described nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove or be embedded in nutrient solution and grow seedlings in the groove;
This nutrient solution oxygenating system comprises oxygen charging pump, and the oxygenation pipeline is opened on nutrient solution grow seedlings porous gas outlet and batch (-type) switch or timer in the groove;
This nutrient solution make-up system comprises the grow seedlings pipeline of groove of nutrient tank, water pump and connection nutrient tank and nutrient solution.
3. cultivation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cultivation system also comprises nutrient solution loop temperature-control system, it comprises nutrition liquid pool, liquid-transport pipe-line, EGR, regulate the batch (-type) switch or the timer of EGR operation, heating, refrigeration plant.
4. cultivation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described nutrient solution is grown seedlings and altitude valve is set on the groove, and it is height-adjustable tubular structure, and the one end opening is in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove, and the other end connects overflow pipe; When the liquid level in nutrient solution is grown seedlings groove exceeded the altitude valve mouth, nutrient solution flowed out the nutrient solution groove of growing seedlings by altitude valve and overflow pipe, is back in the nutrition liquid pool; By regulating the height of valve port, the grow seedlings liquid level of nutrient solution in the groove of control different times nutrient solution.
5. cultivation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the grow seedlings height of groove of described nutrient solution is 8.5～9.5 centimetres.
6. according to each described cultivation system in the claim 1, it is characterized in that described covering matrix is perlite or vermiculite, thickness is 0.5～1 centimetre.
7. application such as claim 1,2,4,5 or 6 described cultivation systems carry out the method that nutrient solution does not have substrate seedling, it is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
A. in growing seedlings groove, injects nutrient solution nutrient solution;
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. on be loaded with the sowing paper of seed, cover covering paper, cover matrix above the covering paper with absorbent ventilate;
D. utilize the water imbibition of paper or regularly on the lattice dish of growing seedlings, spray water, keep covering paper and cover matrix moistening;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system penetrates the growth down of sowing principal direction, above covering paper and the resistance that covers matrix prevent that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. the nutrient solution oxygenating system adopts air pump regularly oxygenation in nutrient solution;
G. the solution temperature regulating system is by being laid on grow seedlings groove below or be embedded in grow seedlings temperature adjustment pipeline circulating hot water in winter in the groove of nutrient solution of nutrient solution, summer circulating water, the temperature of regulating nutrient solution is to the seedling growth optimum temperature;
H. in the seedling raising process since seedling growth and the rising nutrient solution nutrient solution that reduces in the groove of growing seedlings that makes in time replenish by the nutrient solution make-up system.
8. application such as claim 1,3,4,5 or 6 described cultivation systems carry out the method that nutrient solution does not have substrate seedling, it is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
A. in growing seedlings groove, injects nutrient solution nutrient solution,
B. the lattice dish of growing seedlings is positioned over nutrient solution and grows seedlings on the groove, and cover-seeding paper on it is directly sowed seed on sowing paper;
C. on be loaded with the sowing paper of seed, cover covering paper, cover matrix above the covering paper with absorbent ventilate;
D. utilize the water imbibition of paper or regularly on the lattice dish of growing seedlings, spray water, keep covering paper and cover matrix moistening;
E. behind the seed sprouting, root system penetrates the growth down of sowing principal direction, above covering paper and the resistance that covers matrix prevent that seedling from attaching the names of pre-determined candidates unearthed; After root system grew, the supply of seedling plant moisture, nutrient relied on root system to absorb from the nutrient solution of bottom;
F. nutrient solution loop temperature-control system is the nutrient solution liquid that supplements the nutrients in the groove of growing seedlings, and carries out dissolved oxygen by the cyclic process of nutrient solution, and the temperature by the heating in the system, refrigeration plant direct regulation and control nutrient solution is to the seedling growth optimum temperature.
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