CN1220822A - Method of de-poison and planting for cultivating potato with soilless, no-base material and timing aerial fog and its apparatus - Google Patents

Method of de-poison and planting for cultivating potato with soilless, no-base material and timing aerial fog and its apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1220822A
CN1220822A CN98126758A CN98126758A CN1220822A CN 1220822 A CN1220822 A CN 1220822A CN 98126758 A CN98126758 A CN 98126758A CN 98126758 A CN98126758 A CN 98126758A CN 1220822 A CN1220822 A CN 1220822A
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nutrient solution
groove
potato
planting
seedling
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CN1098028C (en
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南相日
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Biotechnology Research Center Of Heilongjiang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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Abstract

A detoxicating culture method for the inclutrial prduction of potato without soil and matrix includes such steps as diluting the early-phase nutritive liquid by one time, spraying for 10-30 days for sprouting, transplanting sprous onto plate, spraying early-phase nutritive liquid for 20-40 days, and spraying later-plase nutritive liquid onto roots for 30-45 days in such manner that each spray lasts 30-45 seconds and there is 3-5 minutes as gap between two sprays. Its culture apparatus is composed of plate, tank, liquid delivery pipe, nozzles, self-priming pump and liquid container. Its advantages are short production period, low cost, large volume of seed potato and high survival rate.

Description

The method of soilless, no-base material and timing aerial fog de-poison and planting for cultivating potato and device thereof
The invention belongs to cultivation method and its culturing device of the nontoxic good potato seed of potato.
Existing core potato is that the production method of breeder's stock has test tube micro potato working system, in Isolation warm house or the solarium native cultivation and production method is arranged, and vermiculite is done the soilless culture working system of matrix etc.Test tube micro potato working system in vitro carries out totally enclosed, be not affected by the external environment and adventitious viruses infect, so reliable in quality can be produced throughout the year, but have the production cost height, the volume of the micro potato of tying is little, resting stage is long, should not preserve, can not be live during plant utilization, must be through the shortcoming of seedling raising process, so this method takes a lot of work, time-consuming, can not large-scale production.The native cultivation and production method that has in Isolation warm house or the solarium will be used the detoxicating cuvette transplantation of seedlings earlier, breed the paper web seedling, replant in the soil then, the method is relatively simple, as long as there is the isolation condition just can produce, but it exists used test-tube plantlet amount more, it is all very long with transplanting seedling time to grow seedlings, survival rate has only about 80%, and average yield is low, and high energy reaches 2300 gram/m 2, can only produce the shortcoming in a season every year.And the soil in the solarium changes relatively difficulty, thorough sterilization again, and the very easily remaining virus of plant residue and soil, control measures such as artificial weeding all can cause artificial biography poison simultaneously, cause the potato seed quality to descend, the output reduction.Condition can not be controlled in the solarium, when temperature when particularly humidity is not suitable for, very easily causes spreading of fungal disease and causes the serious underproduction.The soilless culture working system that vermiculite is done matrix needs regularly spray nutritious liquor, so also can cut segment cuttage during test-tube seedling transplanting, saves the test-tube plantlet consumption, need not grow seedlings, and transplanting seedling time is short, has reduced the generation of soil infection disease, and output increases.But when vermiculite was done matrix, gas permeability was bad, caused the accumulation of salinity easily, thus produce the little potato volume obtain little, in light weight, also should not keep a full stand of seedings after should not preserving, planting, cost is relatively also higher.In a word this method exist time-consuming, effort, the amount of labour used greatly, also unsuitable mass-produced shortcoming.
The objective of the invention is at potato is the crop that nourishes and generates, if cultivation is easy to cause pathologic and physiological degeneration continuously, the problem that causes yield and quality obviously to descend, develop a kind of method of not having matrix timing aerial fog de-poison and planting for cultivating potato, this method can shorten the time of detoxification test tube plantlet to breeding, and can obtain high-quality virus-free seed potato.Be provided for the culturing device of this method simultaneously.
The present invention is made up of the fixture of potato virus-free plantlet and nutrient solution sprayer apparatus and the nutrient solution that is stored in the container.The fixture of detoxic seedling is made up of groove, fixed head, and groove is made by polyphenyl propylene cystosepiment, coats one deck black plastic film in the inside of groove, and fixed head is served as by the thick benzene plate of 4～6cm, the benzene grillage in groove above.Potato virus-free plantlet is fixed on the benzene plate, and root exposes in groove, and the spacing of every detoxic seedling is (35～45) * (20 * 30) cm.The nutrient solution sprayer apparatus is made up of woven hose, shower nozzle, timing control circuit, self priming pump, storage liquid container, woven hose is fixed on the bottom in the groove, on woven hose, establish a shower nozzle every a segment distance, the shower nozzle mouth is aimed at the root of detoxic seedling, one end of woven hose is connected with liquid receiver, be provided with self priming pump at woven hose and liquid receiver joint, timing control circuit is connected on the motor of self priming pump.The place has a refluxing opening below the wall upper mounted plate of groove one side, is connecting return duct on refluxing opening, and the outlet of return duct places in the storage liquid container.Nutrient solution is divided into early stage two kinds of nutrient solution and later stage nutrient solutions, and early stage, nutrient solution was by KNO 3, NH 4H 2PO 4, MgSO 47H 2O, Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O, H 3BO 3, ZnSO 47H 2O, MnSO 44H 2O, CuSO 45H 2O, (NH 4) 6MO 7O 244H 2O, FeSO 47H 2O, EDTA-Na 2Form.Later stage, nutrient solution was by NH 4H 2PO 4, MgSO 47H 2O, CaCI 2, H 3BO 3, ZnSO 47H 2O, MnSO 44H 2O, CuSO 45H 2O, (NH 4) 6MO 7O 244H 2O, FeSO 47H 2O, EDTA-Na 2Form.Be respectively by each component content of concentration ratio: early stage, nutrient solution was: KNO 3: 5～7mM, NH 4H 2PO 4: 0.8～1.2mM, MgSO 47H 2O:1.3～1.7mM, Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O:1.8～2.2mM, H 3BO 3: 26～34uM, ZnSO 47H 2O:0.4～0.6uM, MnSO 44H 2O:8～12uM, CuSO 45H 2O:0.18～0.22uM, (NH 4) 6MO 7O 244H 2O:0.08～0.12uM, FeSO 47H 2O:44～56uM, EDTA-Na 2: 44～56uM.The later stage nutrient solution is: NH 4H 2PO 4: 0.8～1.2mM, MgSO 47H 2O:1.3～1.7mM, CaCI 2: 1.8～2.2mM, H 3BO 3: 26～34uM, ZnSO 47H 2O:0.4～O.6uM, MnSO 44H 2O:8～12uM, CuSO 45H 2O:0.18～0.22uM, (NH 4) 6MO 7O 244H 2O:0.08～0.12uM, FeSO 47H 2O:44～56uM, EDTA-Na 2: 44～56uM.Nutrient solution should remain in 18 ℃～20 ℃ the environment.With the nutrient solution in early stage of 1/2nd concentration, practicing the seedling time was 10～30 days when virus-free seed potato was practiced seedling.Adopting in earlier stage after the field planting, nutrient solution sprayed 20～40 days.Adopt the later stage nutrient solution to spray again 30～45 days.The spray nutrient solution working time is 30～45 seconds, intermittently 3～5 minutes, and periodic duty.
Potato seed output height of the present invention, in same campaign, single little potato weight is 10 times of the interior mode of production of container, cuttage of production ratio vermiculite and solarium produce improves 50%, reaches as high as 9000 gram/m 2, quality is good; This kind method is grown little potato under the aerosol state that regularly sprays nutrient solution, got rid of the toxic action that the accumulation of water culture salt produces, and has also solved the oxygen deficiency under planting types such as soil and vermiculite.Regularly circulating spraying is difficult for polluting, and prevents that effectively virus-free potato is subjected to infecting of soil-borne disease, has significantly improved the quality of potato seed.With short production cycle; Owing in the greenhouse, realized not being subject to seasonal restrictions batch production production, can produce 2～4 cycles in 1 year.And the little potato of producing since volume, weight all above original mode, each little potato 5～10 grams that weigh are beneficial to preserve and also directly can be used to produce an original seed generation.And the little potato of test tube also needs to obtain breeder's stock after 1 year in solarium's cultivation and just can enter an original seed generation and produce.Therefore, identical a collection of detoxic seedling original seed time of producing reduces 1 year than original mode again.Can artificially control working condition; The potato seed complete stool is exposed in the air, can constantly observe the root system development situation, adjusts the concentration of nutrient solution at any time, control light, temperature, damp condition, and then reach nourishing and growing and the reproductive growth Artificial Control of breeding time.Guaranteed detoxification efficiency, prevented virus infection: batch production is produced breeder's stock fully in enclosed environment, can prevent effectively that aphid from causing virus disseminating, the possibility of also having got rid of artificial biography poison, guaranteed the detoxification efficiency of breeder's stock, save soil and solarium's condition: this kind method is not subjected to the restriction of ploughing, plough less, the area of cultivation condition difference adopts energy saving greenhouse just can realize a large amount of productions of breeder's stock.Saved the consumption of detoxic seedling.Can artificially control various working conditions, death rate is zero substantially, with the mode ratio of original vermiculite cuttage or transplanting solarium, can save 10～20% detoxic seedlings.The cultivation control device is simple and reliable, easy to operate, automaticity is high, can carry out large-scale industrial production.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the sprayer apparatus of the fixture of detoxic seedling and nutrient solution, and Fig. 2 is the structural representation of timing control circuit.
Embodiment one: the fixture of the potato virus-free plantlet of present embodiment is made up of cuboid groove 1, fixed head 2, cuboid groove 1 is made by polyphenyl propylene cystosepiment, the inside at groove 1 coats one deck black plastic film 9, fixed head 2 is served as by the thick rectangle benzene plate of 5cm, 2 of benzene plates in groove 1 above, potato virus-free plantlet 8 is fixed on the benzene plate 2, and its root exposes in groove 1, and the spacing of every detoxic seedling is 40 * 25cm.The nutrient solution sprayer apparatus is made up of woven hose 3, shower nozzle 4, timing control circuit 5, self priming pump 6, liquid receiver 7.Woven hose 3 is fixed on the bottom in the groove 1, establishes a shower nozzle 4 every 40cm on woven hose 3, and the shower nozzle mouth is aimed at the root of detoxic seedling 8.One end of woven hose 3 is connected with liquid receiver 7 through self priming pump 6, and timing control circuit 5 is connected on the motor of self priming pump 6.The place has a refluxing opening 12 below the wall upper mounted plate 2 of groove 1 one sides, is connecting return duct 13 on refluxing opening 12, and the outlet of return duct 13 places in the liquid receiver 7.Timing control circuit 5 is by electronic timer SJ, its normal opened contact SJ 1, relay ZJ, its normal opened contact ZJ 1, ZJ 2, overcurrent protector RJ 1, RJ 2, its normally closed contact RJ, motor D form.SJ is attempted by on the 220V AC power two ends, ZJ, RJ, SJ 1After being connected in series, be attempted by on the two ends of 220V AC power RJ 1With ZJ 1Be connected in series between the end of input of motor D power supply and 220V AC power RJ 2With ZJ 2Be connected in series between the other end of another input of motor D power supply and 220V AC power.SJ selects the S3B model for use, and ZJ selects CJ10 model, RJ for use 1, RJ 2Select the JI-16S model for use.Early stage, nutrient solution was become to be grouped into by following concentration: KNO 3: 6mM, NH 4H 2PO 4: 1mM, MESO 47H 2O:1.5mM, Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O:2mM, H 3BO 3: 30M, ZnSO 47H 2O:0.5uM, MnSO 44H 2O:10uM, CuSO 45H 2O:0.2uM, (NH 4) 6MO 7O 244H 2O:0.1uM, FeSO 47H 2O:50uM, EDTA-Na 2: 50uM.The later stage nutrient solution is made up of following concentration composition: NH 4H 2PO 4: 1mM, MgSO 47H 2O:1.5mM, CaCI 2: 2mM, H 3BO 3: 30uM, ZnSO 47H 2O:0.5uM, MnSO 44H 2O:10uM, CuSO 45H 2O:0.2uM, (NH 4) 6MO 7O 244H 2O:0.1uM, FeSO 47H 2O:50uM, EDTA-Na 2: 50uM.Nutrient solution concentration dilution in early stage is used for practicing seedling for one times.When practicing seedling virus-free seed potato is fixed on the fixed head, nutrient solution is placed in the liquid receiver 7, carry out spray nutritious liquor by 4 pairs of virus-free seed potatos of shower nozzle, the working time of spray nutrient solution is 40 seconds, intermittently 4 minutes, periodic duty was 25 days repeatedly, after growing bud seedling 5-8cm, the bud seedling is cut on the fixed head 2 that is fixed in another groove 1, sprayed with the root of nutrient solution in earlier stage to the bud seedling.Whenever sprayed 40 seconds, intermittently 4 minutes, periodic duty was 30 days repeatedly.Using the later stage nutrient solution after 30 days instead sprayed 40 days again.The environmental temperature of nutrient solution is controlled at 18～20 ℃, whenever sprayed 40 seconds, and intermittently 4 minutes, periodic duty repeatedly, this working time is controlled voluntarily by timing control circuit 5.

Claims (5)

1, the method of soilless, no-base material and timing aerial fog de-poison and planting for cultivating potato, it is characterized in that after early stage, nutrient solution concentration diluted one times, being used for practicing seedling, when practicing seedling virus-free seed potato is fixed on the fixed head (2), nutrient solution is placed in the storage liquid container (7), by shower nozzle (4) virus-free seed potato is carried out spray nutritious liquor, the working time of spray nutrient solution is 30～45 seconds, intermittent time is 3～5 minutes, periodic duty is 10～30 days repeatedly, after growing 5-8cm bud seedling, the bud seedling cut be fixed on another groove (1) internal fixation plate (2), bud shoot root portion exposes in groove (1), the spacing of every detoxic seedling is (35～45) * (20～30) cm, will early stage nutrient solution be placed in storage liquid container (7), by shower nozzle (4) root of detoxic seedling is carried out spray nutritious liquor, whenever sprayed 30～45 seconds, intermittently 3～5 minutes, periodic duty 20～40 days is used the later stage nutrient solution then instead and was sprayed 30～45 seconds, intermittently 3～5 minutes, periodic duty 30～45 days, the environmental temperature of nutrient solution are controlled at 18 ℃～20 ℃.
2, the method for soilless, no-base material and timing aerial fog de-poison and planting for cultivating potato according to claim 1 is characterized in that nutrient solution is by KNO in earlier stage 3, NH 4H 2PO 4, MgSO 47H 2O, Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O, H 3BO 3, ZnSO 47H 2O, MnSO 44H 2O, CuSO 45H 2O, (NH 4) 6MO 7O 244H 2O, FeSO 47H 2O, EDTA-Na 2Form; Be respectively by each component content of concentration ratio: KNO 3: 5～7mM, NH 4H 2PO 4: 0.8～1.2mM, MgSO 47H 2O:1.3～1.7mM, Ca (NO 3) 24H 2O:1.8～2.2mM, H 3BO 3: 26～34uM, ZnSO 47H 2O:0.4～0.6uM, MnSO 44H 2O:8～12uM, CuSO 45H 2O:0.18～0.22uM, (NH 4) 6MO 7O 244H 2O:0.08～0.12uM, FeSO 47H 2O:44～56uM, EDTA-Na 2: 44～56uM.
3, the method for soilless, no-base material and timing aerial fog de-poison and planting for cultivating potato according to claim 1 is characterized in that the later stage nutrient solution is by NH 4H 2PO 4, MgSO 47H 2O, CaCl 2, H 3BO 3, ZnSO 47H 2O, MnSO 44H 2O, CuSO 45H 2O, (NH 4) 6MO 7O 244H 2O, FeSO 47H 2O, EDTA-Na 2Form; Be respectively by each component content of concentration ratio: NH 4H 2PO 4: 0.8～1.2mM, MgSO 47H 2O:1.3～1.7mM, CaCI 2: 1.8～2.2mM, H 3BO 3: 26～34uM, ZnSO 47H 2O:0.4～0.6uM, MnSO 44H 2O:8～12uM, CuSO 45H 2O:0.18～0.22uM, (NH 4) 6MO 7O 244H 2O:0.08～0.12uM, FeSO 47H 2O:44～56uM, EDTA-Na 2: 44～56uM.
4, the device of soilless, no-base material and timing aerial fog de-poison and planting for cultivating potato, it is made up of fixture and nutrient solution sprayer apparatus, it is characterized in that fixture is made up of groove (1), fixed head (2), groove (1) is made by polyphenyl propylene cystosepiment, the inside at groove (1) coats one deck black plastic film (9), fixed head (2) is served as by the thick benzene plate of 4～6cm, benzene plate (2) frame in groove (1) above; The nutrient solution sprayer apparatus is by woven hose (3), shower nozzle (4), timing control circuit (5), self priming pump (6), storage liquid container (7) is formed, woven hose (3) is fixed on the bottom in the groove (1), upward establish a shower nozzle (4) at woven hose (3) every a segment distance, the spout of shower nozzle (4) is aimed at the root of detoxic seedling (8), one end of woven hose (3) is connected with storage liquid container (7) through self priming pump (6), the place has a refluxing opening (12) below the wall upper mounted plate (2) of groove (1) one side, on refluxing opening (12), connecting return duct (13), the outlet of return duct (13) places in the storage liquid container (7), and timing control circuit (5) is connected on the motor D of self priming pump (6).
5, the device of soilless, no-base material and timing aerial fog de-poison and planting for cultivating potato according to claim 4 is characterized in that timing control circuit (5) is by electronic timer SJ, its normal opened contact SJ 1, relay ZJ, its normal opened contact ZJ 1, ZJ 2, overcurrent protector RJ 1, RJ 2, its normally closed contact RJ, motor D form, SJ is attempted by on the 220V AC power two ends, ZJ, RJ, SJ 1After being connected in series, and on the two ends of 220V AC power, RJ 1With ZJ 1Be connected in series between the end of input of motor D power supply and 220V AC power RJ 2With ZJ 2Be connected in series between the other end of another input of motor D power supply and 220V AC power.
CN98126758A 1998-12-31 1998-12-31 Method of de-poison and planting for cultivating potato with soilless, no-base material and timing aerial fog and its apparatus Expired - Fee Related CN1098028C (en)

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CN1326447C (en) * 2004-12-23 2007-07-18 孙周平 Highly effective stereo breeding method and equipment for small de-poisoned patato
CN101965795A (en) * 2010-07-29 2011-02-09 北京市农林科学院 Nutrient solution matrix-free seedling raising and cultivating system and seedling raising method
CN102295480A (en) * 2011-06-14 2011-12-28 吉林大学 Nutrient solution for cultivating potato microtubers by greenhouse gas atomization and cultivation method
CN102480924A (en) * 2009-08-18 2012-05-30 株式会社农友社 Spray culture device
CN103053397A (en) * 2013-01-04 2013-04-24 水城县大山种业有限公司 Micro-potato production method by mist culture method
CN103651070A (en) * 2012-09-11 2014-03-26 内蒙古坤元太和农业科技有限公司 Soilless cultivation method for cultivating miniature seed potatoes through potato virus elimination
CN103749109A (en) * 2013-12-17 2014-04-30 丁志强 Method for cultivating vegetables in space environments
CN104429861A (en) * 2014-12-15 2015-03-25 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 Nutrient solution and method for household aeroponic-culture potato production
CN104446827A (en) * 2014-11-12 2015-03-25 吉林大学 Nutrient solution applied to different growth and development stages of potato seeds in greenhouse aeroponics and cultivation method
CN104686142A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-10 吉林省蔬菜花卉科学研究院 Aeroponic virus-free seed potato breeding method and accessory equipment
CN110950718A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-04-03 宁夏西吉县恒丰农业综合开发有限公司 Nutrient solution for producing original seeds of detoxified potatoes by aeroponic culture and preparation method thereof
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CN1326447C (en) * 2004-12-23 2007-07-18 孙周平 Highly effective stereo breeding method and equipment for small de-poisoned patato
CN102480924A (en) * 2009-08-18 2012-05-30 株式会社农友社 Spray culture device
CN101965795B (en) * 2010-07-29 2013-05-01 北京市农林科学院 Nutrient solution matrix-free seedling raising and cultivating system and seedling raising method
CN101965795A (en) * 2010-07-29 2011-02-09 北京市农林科学院 Nutrient solution matrix-free seedling raising and cultivating system and seedling raising method
CN102295480A (en) * 2011-06-14 2011-12-28 吉林大学 Nutrient solution for cultivating potato microtubers by greenhouse gas atomization and cultivation method
CN103651070A (en) * 2012-09-11 2014-03-26 内蒙古坤元太和农业科技有限公司 Soilless cultivation method for cultivating miniature seed potatoes through potato virus elimination
CN103053397A (en) * 2013-01-04 2013-04-24 水城县大山种业有限公司 Micro-potato production method by mist culture method
CN103749109A (en) * 2013-12-17 2014-04-30 丁志强 Method for cultivating vegetables in space environments
CN104446827A (en) * 2014-11-12 2015-03-25 吉林大学 Nutrient solution applied to different growth and development stages of potato seeds in greenhouse aeroponics and cultivation method
CN104429861A (en) * 2014-12-15 2015-03-25 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 Nutrient solution and method for household aeroponic-culture potato production
CN104686142A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-06-10 吉林省蔬菜花卉科学研究院 Aeroponic virus-free seed potato breeding method and accessory equipment
CN111316905A (en) * 2020-01-03 2020-06-23 宁夏佳立马铃薯产业有限公司 Pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation method and equipment
CN110950718A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-04-03 宁夏西吉县恒丰农业综合开发有限公司 Nutrient solution for producing original seeds of detoxified potatoes by aeroponic culture and preparation method thereof

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