CN111316905A - Pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation method and equipment - Google Patents
Pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation method and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111316905A CN111316905A CN202010006635.8A CN202010006635A CN111316905A CN 111316905 A CN111316905 A CN 111316905A CN 202010006635 A CN202010006635 A CN 202010006635A CN 111316905 A CN111316905 A CN 111316905A
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- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 76
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052564 epsomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052603 melanterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052927 chalcanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 75
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 description 3
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000895 acaricidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation equipment provided by the invention comprises a greenhouse main body, a cultivation main body and a circulation supply device, wherein the cultivation main body and the circulation supply device are arranged in the greenhouse main body, the circulation supply device is connected with the cultivation main body through a pipeline, a liquid conveying pipeline is arranged on a bottom plate in the cultivation main body, and an atomizing nozzle is arranged on the liquid conveying pipeline. And the waste to the water resource not only can be reduced to the endless irrigation mode, still can improve the utilization ratio to the water resource, fuses water and fertilizer each other and carries out the circulation irrigation, shows EC value and the PH value of nutrient solution in real time, has improved the plant to the absorption of nutrient substance, has increased the output and the quality of fruit to a certain extent.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of potato cultivation, in particular to a pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation method and equipment.
Background art:
the aerial fog cultivation is a novel cultivation mode, and is a soilless cultivation technology which utilizes a spraying device to atomize nutrient solution into small fog drops and directly sprays the small fog drops to a plant root system to provide water and nutrients required by plant growth. Crops are hung in a closed cultivation device (a groove, a box or a bed), the root system is exposed in the cultivation device, and the nutrient solution is atomized by the atomizing device and then sprayed to the surface of the root system, so that the content of nitrate in the cultivated plants is reduced. The method can multiply increase the crop yield, is an agricultural high and new technology for cultivating plants without soil or a substrate, replaces the soil environment with the artificial creation of the crop root system environment, can effectively solve the contradiction of water, air and nutrient supply which is difficult to solve in the traditional soil cultivation, enables the crop root system to be in the optimum environment condition, thereby exerting the growth potential of the crops, and greatly improving the plant growth amount and the biomass, but the prior potato aerosol cultivation has the problems of slow growth, difficult absorption, nutrient loss and the like of the potatoes.
The invention content is as follows:
in view of the above, there is a need for a pyramid-type potato aeroponic apparatus.
There is also a need to provide a pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation method.
The utility model provides a pyramid potato aeroponic cultivation equipment, joins in marriage in greenhouse main part, cultivation main part and feeding device, the greenhouse main part and joins in marriage and adorn cultivation main part and feeding device, feeding device passes through the pipeline and is connected with the cultivation main part, joins in marriage on the inside bottom plate of cultivation main part and adorns the infusion line, joins in marriage on the infusion line and adorns atomizer.
Preferably, the greenhouse main body comprises a bottom plate, supporting walls, supporting columns, a top plate, a triangular supporting frame, a stabilizing plate and a connecting arm, the four supporting walls and the supporting columns are fixed on the bottom plate, the top plate is fixed on the supporting columns, the triangular supporting frame is fixed on the top plate, the triangular supporting frame is fixedly assembled with the bottom plate fixing connecting arm of the stabilizing plate and the stabilizing plate, the bottom of the connecting arm is fixed on the top plate, and the triangular supporting frame is wrapped with a heat preservation film.
Preferably, the cultivation main part is including the cultivation box, the box support column, the heated board, the corrosion protection plate, the shower, atomizer, the kickboard, the firm arm of fixed slot and support column, box support column bottom is fixed on the bottom plate, the cultivation box is fixed on the box support column, the heated board is laid to cultivation box inside bottom, the fixed corrosion protection plate in heated board top, join in marriage dress shower on the corrosion protection plate, join in marriage on the shower and assemble atomizer, the fixed kickboard in atomizer top, set up a plurality of fixed slots on the kickboard, the firm arm fixed connection of support column is in two adjacent support column upper ends.
Preferably, feeding device includes the liquid manure nutrition jar, the filter, a controller, control valve and supply pipe, the liquid manure nutrition jar, filter and controller are fixed on the bottom plate, the filter passes through the pipeline and is connected with the liquid manure nutrition jar, the liquid manure nutrition jar is internal to be adorned the water pump, water pump and controller electric connection, filter inside EC value detector and the PH detector of setting, EC value detector and PH detector are connected with the controller respectively, control valve one end is connected with the filter, the other end is connected with supply pipe, and control valve and controller are connected, supply pipe stretches into in the cultivation main part.
A pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, sterilizing in a greenhouse; mixing KMnO4Disinfecting the bottom plate by using a sprayer, spraying the carbendazim solution to the supporting wall by using the sprayer, fumigating the interior of the greenhouse main body by using the chlorothalonil and the acaricide, and irradiating for 15-30 min by using an ultraviolet lamp;
s2, spraying clear water; spraying clear water to the cultivation main body within 1-3 days before field planting;
s3, planting seedlings; after spraying with clear water, selecting 1 plant with the seedling age of 20-25 d and the plant height of 15-18 cm, and fixing and sealing the seedling with sponge;
s4, nutrient solution supply and management; hardening off the seedlings with clear water for 2-3 days after field planting, and performing aerosol cultivation by adopting a first nutrient solution and a second nutrient solution in stages, wherein the first nutrient solution is used within 45 days after field planting, the nutrient solution is replaced once every week, and the second nutrient solution is used 45 days after field planting and is replaced once every half month;
s5, managing plants; the stolons move down by 4-5 knots at the initial stage, and the withered and yellow old leaves at the lower part are removed in time at the later stage, so that the propagation of germs and the occurrence of diseases are avoided;
s6, environment management; in sunny days, shading is carried out in a mode of pulling a cover to shade, in cloudy days, a lighting lamp is used for shading, and the temperature in the greenhouse main body is controlled to be 15-25 ℃;
s7, harvesting and managing after harvesting; collecting potato blocks with weight of more than 3g once a week.
Preferably, the step S3 of planting seedlings comprises the following steps:
selecting seedlings, namely selecting test-tube seedlings which are temporarily planted for 20-25 d in a matrix as field planting seedlings, wherein the leaf length of the field planting seedlings is not more than 2-2.5 cm, and the plant height of the field planting seedlings is 15-18 cm;
b, washing a matrix, and slightly washing and cleaning the root systems of the plant seedlings by using tap water before field planting;
dipping the rooting agent, soaking the root stems of the planted seedlings for 5min by using the rooting agent with the concentration of 30 ppm;
d, field planting, namely fixing the field-planted seedlings in a fixing groove (27) by using sponge blocks, wherein the planting density is 25cm, × 20 cm;
step e, sprinkling water, namely moisturizing the leaf surface by using a sprayer to keep the plant leaves wet;
and f, spraying the pesticide, and spraying 800 times of mancozeb on the leaf surfaces.
Preferably, the nutrient solution supply and management in step 4 comprises the following steps:
and (3) selecting a nutrient solution, wherein the first nutrient solution consists of the following substances: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4、KNO3、 NH4NO3、CaCl2、MgSO4·7H2O、MnSO4·4H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、H3BO3、CuSO4· 5H2O、Na2Mo4O7·2H2O、CoCl2·6H2O、FeSO4·7H2O and Na2-EDTA·2H2O and water in the mass ratio of 85mg/L, 950mg/L, 825mg/L, 220mg/L, 185mg/L, 11.15mg/L, 4.3mg/L, 3.1mg/L, 0.0125
mg/L, 0.125mg/L, 0.0125mg/L, 13.9mg/L and 18.65mg/L, wherein the second nutrient solution consists of the following substances: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4、KNO3、NH4NO3、CaCl2、MgSO4·7H2O、 MnSO4·4H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、H3BO3、CuSO4·5H2O、Na2Mo4O7·2H2O、CoCl2· 6H2O、FeSO4·7H2O and Na2-EDTA·2H2O and water, and the mass ratio of each component is respectively 170mg/L, 1900mg/L, 825mg/L, 220mg/L, 185mg/L, 11.15mg/L, 4.3mg/L, 3.1mg/L, 0.0125g/L, 0.125mg/L, 0.0125mg/L, 13.9mg/L and 18.65 mg/L;
and (3) spraying the nutrient solution at the interval time, spraying the nutrient solution by using a first nutrient solution within 45 days after field planting: spraying liquid for 15 seconds within the time of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; then spraying liquid for 15 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 5 minutes; spraying liquid for 15 seconds at a time period of 18: 00-8: 00 days, and stopping liquid supply for 15 minutes; after 45 days, spraying with a second nutrient solution: spraying liquid for 20 seconds within the time period of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; spraying liquid for 20 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 5 minutes; then spraying liquid for 20 seconds at 8:00 of day 18: 00-the next day, and stopping liquid supply for 20 minutes; spraying with a second nutrient solution after 60 days: spraying liquid for 20 seconds within the time period of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 20 minutes; then spraying liquid for 20 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; spraying liquid for 20 seconds at the time period of 18: 00-time day and 8:00, and stopping liquid supply for 30 minutes;
and (4) nutrient solution management, wherein the EC values of the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution are respectively controlled to be 1500-2500 mu s/cm, the pH value of the nutrient solution is controlled to be 5.5-6.5, and the nutrient solution is sterilized by an ultraviolet lamp for three times a week.
Preferably, the KMnO selected in the greenhouse sterilization in the step S14Concentration of the solution0.2-0.5% and the concentration of carbendazim solution is 1.5-2.0%.
By adopting the pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation method and equipment provided by the invention, the cultivation main body is used for cultivating potato seedlings, the atomizing spraying is carried out on the potato seedling roots and stems by using the air fog in the cultivation main body, the circulating supply device can be used as a disinfection device in the early stage, and is mainly used as a nutrient solution supply in the later stage, so that the nutrient solution nutrient element deficiency and the regulation and control of the pH and EC of the nutrient solution in the later stage are supplemented, the production cost can be greatly reduced, the smooth popularization and application of the technology for producing potatoes by using an aeroponic method are ensured, and the potato aeroponic cultivation is carried out by combining 1/2MS nutrient solution.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a pyramid type potato aeroponic apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pyramid-type potato aeroponic method and apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a pyramid-type potato aeroponic method and apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the cultivation main body;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the feeding device;
in the figure: the greenhouse comprises a greenhouse body 1, a cultivation body 2, a supply device 3, a bottom plate 10, a supporting wall 11, a supporting column 12, a top plate 13, a stabilizing plate 14, a triangular supporting frame 15, a connecting arm 16, a cultivation box body 20, a box body supporting column 21, a heat insulation plate 22, an anti-corrosion plate 23, a spraying pipe 24, an atomizing nozzle 25, a floating plate 26, a fixing groove 27, a supporting column stabilizing arm 28, a water and fertilizer nutrition tank 30, a filter 31, a controller 32, a control valve 33 and a supply pipeline 34.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, except for the definitions, and the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
The invention provides pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation equipment which comprises a greenhouse main body 1, a cultivation main body 2 and a circulation supply device 3, wherein the cultivation main body 2 and the circulation supply device 3 are assembled in the greenhouse main body 1, the circulation supply device 3 is connected with the cultivation main body 2 through a pipeline, a spraying pipe 24 is assembled on a bottom plate 10 in the cultivation main body 2, and a plurality of atomization nozzles 25 are assembled on the spraying pipe 24.
The greenhouse main body 1 comprises a bottom plate 10, supporting walls 11, supporting columns 12, a top plate 13, triangular supporting frames 15, a stabilizing plate 14 and connecting arms 16, four supporting walls 11 and a plurality of supporting columns 12 are fixed on the bottom plate 10, the top plate 13 is fixed on the supporting columns 12, the triangular supporting frames 15 are fixed on the top plate 13, the stabilizing plate 14 and the bottom fixing connecting arms 16 of the stabilizing plate 14 are fixedly assembled on the triangular supporting frames 15, the bottoms of the connecting arms 16 are fixed on the top plate 13, heat-insulating films wrap the triangular supporting frames 15, the light intensity in the greenhouse main body 1 can be guaranteed to a greater extent through the design of the triangular supporting frames 15, and the greenhouse main body has better supporting stability.
Cultivation main part 2 includes cultivation box 20, box support column 21, heated board 22, corrosion-resistant plate 23, shower 24, atomizer 25, kickboard 26, fixed slot 27 and the firm arm 28 of support column are fixed at box support column 21 bottom 10 on the bottom plate, cultivation box 20 is fixed on box support column 21, heated board 22 is laid to the inside bottom of cultivation box 20, the fixed corrosion-resistant plate 23 in heated board 22 top, install shower 24 on the corrosion-resistant plate 23, join in marriage on the shower 24 and join in marriage atomizer 25, the fixed kickboard 26 in atomizer 25 top, set up a plurality of fixed slots 27 on the kickboard 26, the firm arm 28 fixed connection of support column is in two adjacent box support column 21 upper ends, atomizer 25 sprays the rhizome at the plant seedling with the nutrient solution, the kickboard mainly plays the supporting role.
The supply device 3 comprises a water and fertilizer nutrition tank 30, a filter 31, a controller 32, a control valve 33 and a supply pipeline 34, the water and fertilizer nutrition tank 30, the filter 31 and the controller 32 are fixed on the bottom plate 10, the filter 31 is connected with the water and fertilizer nutrition tank 30 through a pipeline, a water pump is assembled in the water and fertilizer nutrition tank 30, the water pump is electrically connected with the controller 32, an EC value detector and a PH detector are arranged inside the filter 31, the EC value detector and the PH detector are respectively connected with the controller 32, one end of the control valve 33 is connected with the filter 31, the other end of the control valve is connected with the supply pipeline 34, the control valve 33 is connected with the controller 32, and the supply pipeline 34 extends into the cultivation main body 2.
Example 1: referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4,
the invention adopts pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation equipment for cultivation, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, sterilizing in a greenhouse; KMnO with concentration of 0.3%4The solution is used for disinfecting the bottom plate 10 by using a sprayer, meanwhile, a carbendazim solution with the concentration of 1.8% is sprayed to the supporting wall 11 by using the sprayer, the interior of the greenhouse main body 1 is fumigated by using the chlorothalonil and the acarid, and the ultraviolet lamp is used for irradiating for 20 min.
S2, spraying clear water; in the 2d before planting, clear water is sprayed to cultivate the interior of the main body 1.
S3, planting seedlings; after spraying with clear water, selecting 1 plant with the seedling age of 20-25 d and the plant height of 15-18 cm and planting in each fixing groove 27, and fixing and sealing the seedlings by using sponge.
S4, nutrient solution supply and management; hardening off the seedlings with clear water for 3 days after field planting, and performing aerosol cultivation by adopting a first nutrient solution and a second nutrient solution in stages, wherein the first nutrient solution is used within 45 days after field planting, the nutrient solution is replaced once every week, and the second nutrient solution is used after 45 days of field planting and is replaced once every half month;
s5, managing plants; the stolons are moved down by 5 knots at the initial stage of formation, and withered yellow old leaves at the lower part are picked off in time at the later stage, so that the propagation of germs and the occurrence of diseases are avoided;
s6, environment management; in sunny days, shading is carried out in a mode of pulling a cover and shading a net, in cloudy days, a lighting lamp is used for shading, and the temperature in the greenhouse main body 1 is controlled at 20 ℃;
s7, harvesting and managing after harvesting; collecting potato blocks with weight of more than 3g once a week.
The step S3 of planting seedlings comprises the following steps:
selecting seedlings, namely selecting test-tube seedlings which are temporarily planted for 22d in a matrix as field-planted seedlings, wherein the leaf length of the field-planted seedlings is not more than 2.2cm, and the plant height of the field-planted seedlings is 16 cm;
b, washing a matrix, and slightly washing and cleaning the root systems of the plant seedlings by using tap water before field planting;
dipping the rooting agent, soaking the root stems of the planted seedlings for 5min by using the rooting agent with the concentration of 30 ppm;
d, field planting, namely fixing the field planted seedlings in the fixing grooves 27 by using sponge blocks, wherein the planting density is 25cm × 20 cm;
step e, sprinkling water, namely moisturizing the leaf surface by using a sprayer to keep the plant leaves wet;
and f, spraying the pesticide, and spraying 800 times of mancozeb on the leaf surfaces.
The nutrient solution supply and management in step S4 includes the following steps:
and (3) selecting a nutrient solution, wherein the first nutrient solution consists of the following substances: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4、KNO3、 NH4NO3、CaCl2、MgSO4·7H2O、MnSO4·4H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、H3BO3、CuSO4· 5H2O、Na2Mo4O7·2H2O、CoCl2·6H2O、FeSO4·7H2O and Na2-EDTA·2H2O and water, wherein the mass ratio of each component is 85mg/L, 950mg/L, 825mg/L, 220mg/L, 185mg/L, 11.15mg/L, 4.3mg/L, 3.1mg/L, 0.0125mg/L, 0.125mg/L, 0.0125mg/L, 13.9mg/L and 18.65mg/L, and the second nutrient solution comprises the following substances: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4、KNO3、NH4NO3、CaCl2、MgSO4·7H2O、 MnSO4·4H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、H3BO3、CuSO4·5H2O、Na2Mo4O7·2H2O、CoCl2· 6H2O、FeSO4·7H2O and Na2-EDTA·2H2O and water, and the mass ratio of each component is respectively 170mg/L, 1900mg/L, 825mg/L, 220mg/L, 185mg/L, 11.15mg/L, 4.3mg/L, 3.1mg/L, 0.0125g/L, 0.125mg/L, 0.0125mg/L, 13.9mg/L and 18.65 mg/L;
and (3) spraying the nutrient solution at the interval time, spraying the nutrient solution by using a first nutrient solution within 45 days after field planting: spraying liquid for 15 seconds within the time of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; then spraying liquid for 15 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 5 minutes; spraying liquid for 15 seconds at a time period of 18: 00-8: 00 days, and stopping liquid supply for 15 minutes; after 45 days, spraying with a second nutrient solution: spraying liquid for 20 seconds within the time period of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; spraying liquid for 20 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 5 minutes; then spraying liquid for 20 seconds at 8:00 of day 18: 00-the next day, and stopping liquid supply for 20 minutes; spraying with a second nutrient solution after 60 days: spraying liquid for 20 seconds within the time period of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 20 minutes; then spraying liquid for 20 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; spraying liquid for 20 seconds at the time period of 18: 00-time day and 8:00, and stopping liquid supply for 30 minutes;
and (4) nutrient solution management, wherein the EC values of the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution are respectively controlled at 2500 mu s/cm, the pH value of the nutrient solution is controlled at 6.0, and the nutrient solution is sterilized by an ultraviolet lamp for three times a week.
KMnO selected for greenhouse sterilization in step S14The concentration of the solution is 0.2%, and the concentration of the carbendazim solution is 2.0%.
The potatoes cultivated by the technical scheme of the embodiment 1 have better color than potatoes cultivated by soil, the yield of the potatoes is 10 percent more than that of the potatoes cultivated by soil at the same time, the yield is increased by adopting an air fog cultivation mode, the investment of funds is saved, the accurate injection is realized, and the waste of human resources is reduced.
Example 2: referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4,
the invention adopts pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation equipment for cultivation, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, sterilizing in a greenhouse; KMnO with concentration of 0.5%4The solution is used for disinfecting the bottom plate 10 by using a sprayer, meanwhile, a carbendazim solution with the concentration of 2.0% is sprayed to the supporting wall 11 by using the sprayer, the interior of the greenhouse main body 1 is fumigated by using the chlorothalonil and the acarid, and the ultraviolet lamp is used for irradiating for 20 min.
S2, spraying clear water; in the 2d before planting, clear water is sprayed to cultivate the interior of the main body 1.
S3, planting seedlings; after spraying with clear water, selecting 1 plant with the seedling age of 25d and the plant height of 18cm, planting in each fixing groove 27, fixing and sealing the seedlings with sponge.
S4, nutrient solution supply and management; hardening off the seedlings with clear water for 3 days after field planting, and performing aerosol cultivation by adopting a first nutrient solution and a second nutrient solution in stages, wherein the first nutrient solution is used within 45 days after field planting, the nutrient solution is replaced once every week, and the second nutrient solution is used after 45 days of field planting and is replaced once every half month;
s5, managing plants; the stolons are moved down by 5 knots at the initial stage of formation, and withered yellow old leaves at the lower part are picked off in time at the later stage, so that the propagation of germs and the occurrence of diseases are avoided;
s6, environment management; in sunny days, shading is carried out in a mode of pulling a cover and shading a net, in cloudy days, a lighting lamp is used for shading, and the temperature in the greenhouse main body 1 is controlled at 15 ℃;
s7, harvesting and managing after harvesting; collecting potato blocks with weight of more than 3g once a week.
The step S3 of planting seedlings comprises the following steps:
selecting seedlings, namely selecting test-tube seedlings which are temporarily planted in a matrix for 24d as field-planted seedlings, wherein the leaf length of the field-planted seedlings is not more than 2.5cm, and the plant height of the field-planted seedlings is 18 cm;
b, washing a matrix, and slightly washing and cleaning the root systems of the plant seedlings by using tap water before field planting;
dipping the rooting agent, soaking the roots of the planted seedlings for 4.5min by using the rooting agent with the concentration of 30 ppm;
d, field planting, namely fixing the field planted seedlings in the fixing grooves 27 by using sponge blocks, wherein the planting density is 25cm × 20 cm;
step e, sprinkling water, namely moisturizing the leaf surface by using a sprayer to keep the plant leaves wet;
and f, spraying the pesticide, and spraying 800 times of mancozeb on the leaf surfaces.
The nutrient solution supply and management in step S4 includes the following steps:
and (3) selecting a nutrient solution, wherein the first nutrient solution consists of the following substances: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4、KNO3、 NH4NO3、CaCl2、MgSO4·7H2O、MnSO4·4H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、H3BO3、CuSO4· 5H2O、Na2Mo4O7·2H2O、CoCl2·6H2O、FeSO4·7H2O and Na2-EDTA·2H2O and water, wherein the mass ratio of each component is 85mg/L, 950mg/L, 825mg/L, 220mg/L, 185mg/L, 11.15mg/L, 4.3mg/L, 3.1mg/L, 0.0125mg/L, 0.125mg/L, 0.0125mg/L, 13.9mg/L and 18.65mg/L, and the second nutrient solution comprises the following substances: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4、KNO3、NH4NO3、CaCl2、MgSO4·7H2O、 MnSO4·4H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、H3BO3、CuSO4·5H2O、Na2Mo4O7·2H2O、CoCl2· 6H2O、FeSO4·7H2O and Na2-EDTA·2H2O and water, and the mass ratio of each component is respectively 170mg/L, 1900mg/L, 825mg/L, 220mg/L, 185mg/L, 11.15mg/L, 4.3mg/L, 3.1mg/L, 0.0125g/L, 0.125mg/L, 0.0125mg/L, 13.9mg/L and 18.65 mg/L;
and (3) spraying the nutrient solution at the interval time, spraying the nutrient solution by using a first nutrient solution within 45 days after field planting: spraying liquid for 15 seconds within the time of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; then spraying liquid for 15 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 5 minutes; spraying liquid for 15 seconds at a time period of 18: 00-8: 00 days, and stopping liquid supply for 15 minutes; after 45 days, spraying with a second nutrient solution: spraying liquid for 20 seconds within the time period of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; spraying liquid for 20 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 5 minutes; then spraying liquid for 20 seconds at 8:00 of day 18: 00-the next day, and stopping liquid supply for 20 minutes; spraying with a second nutrient solution after 60 days: spraying liquid for 20 seconds within the time period of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 20 minutes; then spraying liquid for 20 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; spraying liquid for 20 seconds at the time period of 18: 00-time day and 8:00, and stopping liquid supply for 30 minutes;
and (4) nutrient solution management, wherein the EC values of the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution are respectively controlled at 2000 mus/cm, the pH value of the nutrient solution is controlled at 6.5, and the nutrient solution is sterilized by an ultraviolet lamp for three times a week.
The potatoes cultivated by the technical scheme of the embodiment 2 have better color than potatoes cultivated by soil, the yield of the potatoes is 25 percent more than that of the potatoes cultivated by soil at the same time, the yield is increased by adopting an air fog cultivation mode, the investment of funds is saved, the accurate injection is realized, and the waste of human resources is reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation equipment is characterized in that: pyramid potato aeroponic cultivation equipment includes greenhouse main part (1), cultivation main part (2) and feeding device (3), joins in marriage in greenhouse main part (1) and joins in marriage cultivation main part (2) and feeding device (3), and feeding device (3) are connected with cultivation main part (2) through the pipeline, joins in marriage on cultivation main part (2) inside bottom plate (10) and joins in marriage dress shower (24), joins in marriage on shower (24) and joins in marriage and adorn a plurality of atomizer (25).
2. The pyramid type potato aeroponic cultivation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the greenhouse main body (1) comprises a bottom plate (10), supporting walls (11), supporting columns (12), a top plate (13), a triangular supporting frame (15), a stabilizing plate (14) and a connecting arm (16), wherein the bottom plate (10) is fixed with four supporting walls (11) and a plurality of supporting columns (12), the supporting columns (12) are fixed with the top plate (13), the top plate (13) is fixed with the triangular supporting frame (15), the triangular supporting frame (15) is fixedly assembled with the stabilizing plate (14) and the bottom fixing connecting arm (16) of the stabilizing plate (14), the bottom of the connecting arm (16) is fixed on the top plate (13), and the triangular supporting frame (15) is wrapped with a heat preservation film.
3. The pyramid potato aeroponic apparatus of claim 2 wherein: cultivation main part (2) are including cultivation box (20), box support column (21), heated board (22), anticorrosive board (23), shower (24), atomizer (25), kickboard (26), fixed slot (27) and support column firm arm (28), box support column (21) bottom is fixed on bottom plate (10), cultivation box (20) are fixed on box support column (21), heated board (22) are laid to cultivation box (20) inside bottom, heated board (22) are fixed to heated board (22) top, join in marriage dress shower (24) on anticorrosive board (23), install atomizer (25) on shower (24), fixed kickboard (26) in atomizer (25) top, set up a plurality of fixed slot (27) on kickboard (26), support column firm arm (28) fixed connection is in two adjacent box support column (21) upper ends.
4. The pyramid potato aeroponic apparatus of claim 3 wherein: the supply device (3) comprises a water and fertilizer nutrition tank (30), a filter (31), a controller (32), a control valve (33) and a supply pipeline (34), the water and fertilizer nutrition tank (30), the filter (31) and the controller (32) are fixed on the bottom plate (10), the filter (31) is connected with the water and fertilizer nutrition tank (30) through a pipeline, a water pump is assembled in the water and fertilizer nutrition tank (30) and is electrically connected with the controller (32), an EC value detector and a PH detector are arranged in the filter (31), the EC value detector and the PH detector are respectively connected with the controller (32), one end of the control valve (33) is connected with the filter (31), and the other end of the control valve is connected with the supply pipeline (34), the control valve (33) is connected to the controller (32), and the supply pipe (34) extends into the cultivation body (2).
5. An aeroponic method using the pyramid-shaped potato aeroponic apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, sterilizing in a greenhouse; mixing KMnO4The solution is used for disinfecting the bottom plate (10) by using a sprayer, and the carbendazim solution is sprayed to the supporting wall (11) by using the sprayer, and the carbendazim and the insect mites are usedFumigating the interior of the greenhouse main body (1) by using an agent, and irradiating for 15-30 min by using an ultraviolet lamp;
s2, spraying clear water; spraying clear water to the cultivation main body (1) within 1-3 days before field planting;
s3, planting seedlings; after spraying with clear water, selecting 1 plant with the seedling age of 20-25 d and the plant height of 15-18 cm and fixedly planting in each fixing groove (27), and fixing and sealing the seedlings by using sponge;
s4, nutrient solution supply and management; hardening off the seedlings with clear water for 2-3 days after field planting, and performing aerosol cultivation by adopting a first nutrient solution and a second nutrient solution in stages, wherein the first nutrient solution is used within 45 days after field planting, the nutrient solution is replaced once every week, and the second nutrient solution is used after 45 days of field planting and is replaced once every half month;
s5, managing plants; the stolons move down by 4-5 knots at the initial stage of formation, and withered and yellow old leaves at the lower part are picked off in time at the later stage, so that the propagation of germs and the occurrence of diseases are avoided;
s6, environment management; in sunny days, shading is carried out in a mode of pulling a cover to shade, in cloudy days, a lighting lamp is used for shading, and the temperature in the greenhouse main body (1) is controlled to be 15-25 ℃;
s7, harvesting and managing after harvesting; collecting potato blocks with weight of more than 3g once a week.
6. The pyramid-type potato aeroponic method of claim 5, characterized in that: the step S3 of planting seedlings comprises the following steps:
selecting seedlings, namely selecting test-tube seedlings which are heeled in a matrix for 20-25 d as field-planted seedlings, wherein the leaf length of the field-planted seedlings is not more than 2-2.5 cm, and the plant height of the field-planted seedlings is 15-18 cm;
b, washing a matrix, and slightly washing the root systems of the plant seedlings by using tap water before field planting;
dipping a rooting agent, and soaking the rhizome of the planted seedling for 3-5 min by using the rooting agent with the concentration of 30 ppm;
d, field planting, namely fixing the field-planted seedlings in a fixing groove (27) by using sponge blocks, wherein the planting density is 25cm, × 20 cm;
step e, sprinkling water, namely moisturizing the leaf surface by using a sprayer to keep the plant leaves moist;
and f, spraying the pesticide, and spraying 800 times of mancozeb on the leaf surfaces.
7. The pyramid-type potato aeroponic method of claim 6, characterized in that: the nutrient solution supply and management in step S4 includes the following steps:
and (3) selecting a nutrient solution, wherein the first nutrient solution consists of the following substances: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4、KNO3、NH4NO3、CaCl2、MgSO4·7H2O、MnSO4·4H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、H3BO3、CuSO4·5H2O、Na2Mo4O7·2H2O、CoCl2·6H2O、FeSO4·7H2O and Na2-EDTA·2H2O and water, wherein the mass ratio of each component is 85mg/L, 950mg/L, 825mg/L, 220mg/L, 185mg/L, 11.15mg/L, 4.3mg/L, 3.1mg/L, 0.0125mg/L, 0.125mg/L, 0.0125mg/L, 13.9mg/L and 18.65mg/L, and the second nutrient solution comprises the following substances: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4、KNO3、NH4NO3、CaCl2、MgSO4·7H2O、MnSO4·4H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、H3BO3、CuSO4·5H2O、Na2Mo4O7·2H2O、CoCl2·6H2O、FeSO4·7H2O and Na2-EDTA·2H2O and water, and the mass ratio of each component is respectively 170mg/L, 1900mg/L, 825mg/L, 220mg/L, 185mg/L, 11.15mg/L, 4.3mg/L, 3.1mg/L, 0.0125g/L, 0.125mg/L, 0.0125mg/L, 13.9mg/L and 18.65 mg/L;
and (3) spraying the nutrient solution at the interval time, spraying the nutrient solution by using a first nutrient solution within 45 days after field planting: spraying liquid for 15 seconds within the time of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; then spraying liquid for 15 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 5 minutes; spraying liquid for 15 seconds at a time period of 18: 00-8: 00 days, and stopping liquid supply for 15 minutes; after 45 days, spraying with a second nutrient solution: spraying liquid for 20 seconds within the time period of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; spraying liquid for 20 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 5 minutes; then spraying liquid for 20 seconds at 8:00 of day 18: 00-the next day, and stopping liquid supply for 20 minutes; spraying with a second nutrient solution after 60 days: spraying liquid for 20 seconds within the time period of 8: 00-10: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 20 minutes; then spraying liquid for 20 seconds at the speed of 10: 00-18: 00, and stopping liquid supply for 10 minutes; spraying liquid for 20 seconds at 8:00 days of 18: 00-the next day, and stopping liquid supply for 30 minutes;
and (3) nutrient solution management, wherein the EC values of the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution are respectively controlled to be 1500-2500 mu s/cm, the pH value of the nutrient solution is controlled to be 5.5-6.5, and the nutrient solution is sterilized by an ultraviolet lamp for three times a week.
8. The pyramid-type potato aeroponic method of claim, characterized in that: KMnO selected for greenhouse sterilization in step S14The concentration of the solution is 0.2-0.5%, and the concentration of the carbendazim solution is 1.5-2.0%.
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