CN103159528A - Nutrient solution and method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics - Google Patents
Nutrient solution and method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, and particularly relates to a nutrient solution and a method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics. The formula of the nutrient solution provided by the invention mainly comprises the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; and in the faculty of agricultural sciences, the formula is improved based on the formula of a potato MS culture solution, and the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is properly adjusted according to different growth periods of potatoes. The method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics provided by the invention starts from each link of large-scale production of potato breeder seeds, and comprises detailed operation measures in terms of nutrient solution, strong seedlings of tissue culture seedlings, disinfection of an aeroponics device, seedling loading and drawing, pest control, treatment and storage after potato harvesting and the like so as to solve the problems such as low survival rate of aeroponics seedlings, low single-strain potato yield, damage caused by diseases and insects and low output of breeder seeds caused by excessive growth of aeroponics seedlings due to a bad aeroponics management method in aeroponics production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, particularly a kind of nutritive medium and method of mist training production potato primary stock.
Background technology
Current techniques is mainly the planting type of producing the nutritive medium of original silkworm egg or device and coordinating with it for small-sized greenhouse potato aerosol training; the effective ways of properly not managing production and preserving, in mass-producing mist training is produced in low, the production process of the survival rate of detoxic seedling after the excessive growth of the generation of disease, detoxic seedling and stem tuber results the high problem of rotten potato rate never solve.
Representational patented technology overview is described below.
1, CN102295480A, the nutritive medium of potato microtubers by greenhouse gas atomization and cultivating method
This invention relates to a kind of nutritive medium and cultivating method of potato microtubers by greenhouse gas atomization.Its nutritive medium comprises: NH
4NO
3, KNO
3, KH
2PO
4, MgSO
47H
2O, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O, MnSO
44H
2O, H
3BO
3, ZnSO
47H
2O, Na
2MoO
42H
2O, CuSO
45H
2O, FeSO
47H
2O, KI, Na
2-EDTA and CoCl
26H
2O。Open the spraying nutritive medium after the potato virus-free plantlet field planting at once; Spray intervals is: 5d before Seeding planting, spray time are that every 5min sprays 15s; Then spray time is adjusted into 10min and sprays 15s, then spray 5d; At last spray time is adjusted into 20min and sprays 15s.Adopt the potato plant photosynthesis that this invention nutritive medium obtains to strengthen, plant height, stem are slightly apparently higher than technology at that time, Mineral Elements Content obviously improves, ultimate capacity and quality all are better than other prior aries, not only make potato plant be in more suitable growth conditions, excavate to greatest extent the production potential of potato, solved the problems such as the little potato production cycle of potato core is long, simple grain weight is low, individual plant knot potato quantity is few.Reduce production cost, increased the validity of nutritive medium.
2, CN101781148A, potato spray culture nutrient solution and preparation method thereof
This invention comprises mother liquor A, mother liquor B, mother solution C, mother liquor D and mother liquor E, described mother liquor A comprises the raw material of following weight volume ratio: saltpetre 30-40g/L, potassium primary phosphate 20-30g/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 35-40g/L, three water Sytron 4.0-5.0g/L, surplus is water; Mother liquor B comprises the raw material of following weight volume ratio: four water-calcium nitrate 45-55g/L, and surplus is water; Mother solution C comprises the raw material of following weight volume ratio: potassiumiodide 0.8-0.9g/L, boric acid 6.0-7.0g/L, four water manganous sulfate 22-23g/L, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate 8.0-9.0g/L, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate 0.2-0.3g/L, CoCL2 6H2O 0.025-0.03g/L, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.02-0.03g/L, surplus is water; Mother liquor D comprises the raw material of following weight volume ratio: urea 100-200g/L, and surplus is water; Mother liquor E comprises the raw material of following weight volume ratio: potassium primary phosphate 100-200g/L, surplus is water.
3, CN1207866A, matrix-less potato cultivating method and equipment
This invention belongs to the technical field that seed potato is bred soilless culture.Detoxification test tube plantlet is educated strong sprout in Erlenmeyer flask, to 8 leaves, be soaked in the naphthylacetic acid of 20ppm 2-4 hours, cuttage is in the field planting hole of cultivation bed, by the Timer Controlling water pump every 3-5 minute hydrojet once, each 30-50 second, liquid is from the shower nozzle atomisation, fall into mother liquor in field planting groove from liquid returning tube from flowing back to fluid storage tank.Nutritive medium in fluid storage tank is formed by A, B, C, four kinds of mother liquor prepared and diluted of D, and solution temperature is at 18-21 ℃, and every two weeks is changed once.
Above-mentioned 3 kinds of patents all do not have the potato aerosol training that is applied to of mass-producing to produce, and patent 2 is a kind of mist cultivation nutrient fluid, not the method for mist training production.It is too simple that the mist culture method of patent 3 is described, and is difficult to reach the effect that this patent is write in production application.It is comparatively detailed that patent 2 mist culture methods are described, but many defectives are wherein arranged, and the planting stock of one, this patent is that direct test-tube plantlet hardening is directly used in later on the mist training, and through processing strong sprout, test-tube plantlet is very inslim and frahile, or greatly affects the surviving rate of planting stock.Two, there is no moisturizing after test-tube plantlet field planting well, can affect its surviving rate equally, the 15s time of spraying early stage in addition is too short, can affect potato and take root.Four, should be noted that when planting stock grows into 30cm and draw seedling, avoid potato tuber length in field planting hole.Five, mist training casing not through sterilization, can increase the probability that potato catches an illness.Six, disease is not prevented in potato production process, probably cause the outburst of certain disease and make producing unsuccessfully.Seven, potato growth is not controlled its growing way in the time of the most productive period, can cause the growth of potato physiology too much to reduce knot potato rate, also can increase the disease occurrence probability.Eight, the potato after results does not have chemicals treatment to dry rear warehouse-in, may cause extensive rotten potato.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides nutritive medium and method that potato primary stock is produced in a kind of mist training.
The nutritive medium of potato primary stock is produced in mist training provided by the invention, and this nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Macroelement:
NH
4NO
3：95-700mg/L、
KH
2PO
4：180-833mg/L、
KNO
3：507-2817mg/L、
MgSO
4·7H
2O：148-476mg/L、
Ca(NO
3)
2·4H
2O：197-512mg/L、
NaCl：31-110mg/L；
Molysite:
Na
2·EDTA·2H
2O：37.3mg/L、
FeSO
4·7H
2O：27.8mg/L，
Trace element:
MnSO
4·4H
2O：1mg/L、
H
3BO
4：1.5mg/L、
ZnSO
4·7H
2O：2.3mg/L、
CuSO
4·5H
2O：0.75mg/L、
Na
2MoO
4·2H
2O：0.025mg/L、
CoCl
2·6H
2O：0.025mg/L；
All the other are water.
The method that potato primary stock is produced in mist training provided by the invention; start with from each link of large-scale production virus-free basic potato seed; the detailed operation measure that comprises the each side such as processing warehouse-in that sterilization, upper Miao Lamiao, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the potato harvest of strong sprout, mist training device of nutritive medium, tissue cultured seedling is later; be not good at causing mist training shoot survival percent low to solve in mist training production because of mist training management method; individual plant end rate is low; disease and pest occurs, and the excessive growth of mist training seedling causes the problem of original silkworm egg yield reducation.
Technical scheme: potato detoxicating cuvette seedling mist culture method is taked the segmentation introduction: comprise the following steps:
One, screening high-quality seed potato, it is carried out stem apex detoxify, through beginning tissue culture fast-propagation after virus detection and field test (eliminating the variation strain), began later on water planting strong sprout in tissue cultured seedling 20-30 days, the long potato of clip 10-15cm carries out field planting high strong sprout after 10-15 days, and cutting seedling scissors used will be with 75% alcohol disinfecting.Middle all links all will be noted the sterilization of environment, operator and tool using.
Two, mist is trained the preparation of solarium:
The casing of Greenhouse and aeroponics cleans up at cultivation Miao Qianyao, the casing of aeroponics is sterilized thoroughly and cleans 2 to 3 times with 200 times of solution of formalin of 40%, 800 times of potassium permanganate solutions or 500 times of derosal etc., and by 50 milliliters of 40% missible oil of omethoate, convert the ratio preparation insecticide solution spraying desinsection of 60-80 kg water.
The solarium evenly hangs yellow plate, to detect, whether aphid is arranged, in case find aphid take immediately the desinsection measure, can spray the medicines such as SD-1750 or Provado and kill aphid.
Three, mist training seedling field planting
The clip height is 10-15cm, and stem is slightly the Rooted Cuttings of about 2mm, is colonizated in the culture hole of mist training cultivation plate, and wherein, the young plant root that shears off soaked 15 minutes in pH is the NAA solution of 100mg/L of 5.8-6.0, then was colonizated in culture hole; To cultivate tweezers used, after drying with 75% alcohol disinfecting, clamp seedling bottom with tweezers, the hand steered firmly seedling top of another, young plant is vertically put into the culture hole of cover plate, should guarantee to expose field planting plate 2cm-3cm so that root fully touches nutritive medium bottom young plant, ensure again 2-3 sheet leaf as far as possible and expose culture hole.
Four, seedling management
After field planting, open mist training device, spray nutritious liquor, the nutrient solution spray time is made as spraying in every 5 minutes 30 seconds before planting seedling rooting, be made as (namely early between 6 of evenings) every 10-20min spraying 30s on daytime after planting stock is taken root at 8, evening (namely 6 of evenings are between 8 of morning) the 30-40min 30s that sprays.Planting stock take root before every day spray nutritious liquor amount be 154.4-185.6L/m
2After planting stock is taken root daytime nutritive medium the amount of spraying be 17.0-40.4L/m
2Evening, the amount of spraying of nutritive medium was 12.0-19.8L/m
2The nutritive medium amount of spraying is by electric pump power and the decisions such as the flow that is placed in the atomizer of bottom half, range.Weekly pH of nutrient solution is carried out one-time detection, use HNO
3Or NaOH solution is regulated pH to 5.8 left and right, the appropriate root-growing agent that adds in the nutritive medium before taking root.
Before taking root, sooner or later train seedling foliage-spray moisture to prevent here seedling from withering, during this period to mist every day, sunshine time requires 13-15 hour/day Guang Zhao＞=2000lux, and the temperature of nutritive medium remains on 18 ℃-20 ℃, and solarium's temperature 25 ℃ of left and right, humidity 70%-80% are advisable.Note observing the growing way of young plant every day, the running of fog system (as water spray, nutritive medium water level), a series of situations such as the humiture of solarium.
Five, middle term management
1, equipment control: will carefully check whether shower nozzle stops up every day in (backwater place want the emphasis inspection), normally whether motor operation, and strainer will often clean, and general 1 to 2 week will be taken turns and be changed cleaning once.Be also noted that whether tilt, whether nutritive medium can in time reflux, and will in time adjust casing if go wrong if observing whole casing, make casing recover normal.To keep in addition can not cutting off the power supply for a long time, will in time process if occur having a power failure, and manually spray water for young plant.
2, seed and seedling management:
Field planting namely the 5cm left and right is pulled down to 3-5 stipes in cultivation bed when after one month, the stolon onset begins to tie potato, and before drawing seedling, available scraper removes the 1-2 bottom of the blade, is convenient to drop-down; To guarantee that root and stolon fully under plate, to prevent that indivedual potatos knots from culture hole, stopping up the duct, cause mist training seedling death and culture hole distortion.When seedling grows to 30 centimetres of left and right, when beginning to tie potato, sprayed the medicament that once prevents late blight in every 7-10 days.
Whether normally to observe mist training Miao Yese every day, have or not scab, have or not and here wither; Normally whether the young plant root system (general normal potato set root system is full, and color is pure white).If the potato of falling or other foreign material are arranged in casing will in time be removed.Mid-term, the young plant growing way was vigorous, prevent the undue excessive growth of young plant, thus impact knot potato.
Aeroponics mainly prevents fungal disease early blight, late blight and bacterial disease ring rot, bacterial wilt.General every 2 weeks are played sterilant one time, and every two weeks are sprayed sterilant one time.Also can regularly add appropriate broad-spectrum germicide in nutritive medium.In case find diseased plant, should pull out immediately and take prophylactico-therapeutic measures.
3, Temperature and Humidity Control in booth
Morning, noon and afternoon every day will be recorded the temperature and humidity in booth, potato mist training is responsive to the planting environment reaction, when high humidity in groove, when envrionment temperature is higher, and a large amount of axillalry buds that generate and often form yellow of stolon in groove, can consume a large amount of nutrients, affect stem tuber and expand.Need to open sunshade net, cascade and ventilating fan according to practical situation, regulate the humiture in booth, satisfy as much as possible the humiture requirement that potato growth is grown and tied the potato stage.
4, nutrient management:
The formula of nutritive medium mainly wraps the elements such as Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium, the academy of agricultural sciences is after improveing as the basis take the formula of potato MS nutrient solution, suitably adjust the concentration ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium according to the potato different growing, also to pay special attention to regulate the pH of nutrient solution value to 6.0 left and right in the knot potato phase, build the optimum environment of knot potato.Generally, add weekly one time of nutrition liquid, every 2 weeks are changed one time of nutrition liquid.When changing nutritive medium, remaining nutritive medium all be taken out, the pond is cleaned out, take out after adding flushing with clean water again, the nutrition pond want general cleaning once depending on situation at that time about January, managerial personnel will go down and carefully clear up and sterilize once.
The nutrient solution prescription table:
Macroelement:
NH
4NO
3：95-700mg/L、
KH
2PO
4：180-833mg/L、
KNO
3：507-2817mg/L、
MgSO
4·7H
2O：148-476mg/L、
Ca(NO
3)
2·4H
2O：197-512mg/L、
NaCl：31-110mg/L；
Molysite:
Na
2·EDTA·2H
2O：37.3mg/L、
FeSO
4·7H
2O：27.8mg/L，
Trace element:
MnSO
4·4H
2O：1mg/L、
H
3BO
4：1.5mg/L、
ZnSO
4·7H
2O：2.3mg/L、
CuSO
4·5H
2O：0.75mg/L、
Na
2MoO
4·2H
2O：0.025mg/L、
CoCl
2·6H
2O：0.025mg/L；
All the other are water.
Six, the results of potato seed
Early maturing variety is short breeding time, generally can gather in the crops original silkworm egg in about 60 days in growth, and the knot potato is more concentrated.Late variety is long breeding time, and knot potato quantity generally could be gathered in the crops in growth more than early maturing variety in about 75 days.Because the ripening degree of potato seed is different, so will carry out results by stages, general 7-10 days results once.
Begin to gather during micro potato 3-5g, front group after group at different time is gathered, disposable gathering after finishing breeding time; Disposable front first the spray after clear water 2-3 days airing 5-7 days of gathering, treat potato plant here wither after with the remaining seed potato warehouse-in of gathering.
After the micro potato of gathering is first rinsed the epidermis nutrient well, then soaked for 10 seconds in 0.5% derosal and 0.5% gram dew (or metaxanin) solution, taking-up is dried, and then is stored in storehouse.If need prolonged preservation, the micro potato of gathering should be kept under 2～4 degree and (should progressively lower the temperature, fall 2～4 degree every day), more than humidity 80 ﹪, in the freezer below gas concentration lwevel 2500ppm.
After potato seed had been gathered in the crops, Greenhouse and casing, pond will conscientiously clean up, and wipe clean casing 200 times of solution of formalin or 800 times of disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of rear use 40%, repeated after sterilization to rinse 2 to 3 times again, used when planting seedling next time.
During middle term management for the control of aphid:
Potato virus disease mainly passes through aphis propagation, so in one meter, weeds had better not be arranged around Greenhouse, and be strictly on guard against and start a leak, the aphid that prevents the outside flies into, the Greenhouse gate will arrange buffer zone, the all staff on board passes in and out in time and closes the door, and will shut window when vent fan cuts out, unrelated person same No Admittance.To hang a yellow plate every 5 meters in buffer zone and Greenhouse, on the yellow plate of Real Time Observation, whether aphid is arranged, find that in time preventing and treating appears in aphid, optional medicament has 1000 times of liquid of 10% omethoate emulsion, 1000 to 1500 times of liquid of Malathion emulsion and 1000 times of liquid of DDT EC.Particularly must regularly prevent and treat at local aphid nomadic phase (when having gathered in the crops such as local rape).Yellow plate according to circumstances changes once about January.
During middle term management, tethelin uses:
Owing to very suitable its plant of aeroponics its condition in greenhouse top nourishing and growing, if can not reduce temperature, so must be before it soon enters the growth most productive period, spray the uniconazole of 10-30ppm, weekly, spray continuously 2 to 3 times, control it and nourish and grow, prevent excessive growth, do not tie potato, the few situation of knot potato.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The growth of the nutritive medium potato preferably of potato primary stock is produced in mist training provided by the invention, mist training provided by the invention is produced the method planting stock surviving rate of potato primary stock up to more than 99%, in potato production process the great outburst of popular disease can not appear, average knot potato quantity is the 20-40 grain because kind is variant, and after the warehouse-in of gathering, rotten potato rate is 2%-3%.
Embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment one
The place: crop institute solarium, academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province, area is 2000m approximately
2
Embodiment:
1. the screening high-quality potato, carry out stem apex detoxify to it, through beginning tissue culture quick breeding after virus detection and field test (eliminating the variation strain).
2. tissue cultured seedling began later on water planting strong sprout that (Rooted Cuttings respectively is 2cm according to spacing in the rows and line-spacing in 25 days, the density of every square metre of 2500 seedlings is cultivated, the cystose that needs preparation in advance to have openning hole, on plate, pitch of holes is 2cm, bore dia is 5mm), the long potato set of clip 10-15cm carries out field planting after 15 days, and cutting seedling scissors used will be with 75% alcohol disinfecting.Middle all links all will be noted the sterilization of environment, operator and tool using.
3. the casing of Greenhouse and aeroponics cleans up planting seedling first half of the month, the casing of aeroponics is sterilized thoroughly and cleans 2 to 3 times with 200 times of solution of formalin of 40%, 800 times of potassium permanganate solutions or 500 times of derosal etc., and by 50 milliliters of 40% missible oil of omethoate, convert the ratio preparation insecticide solution spraying desinsection of 60-80 kg water.Whether have aphid, in case find aphid take immediately the desinsection measure, can spray the medicines such as SD-1750 or Provado and kill aphid if hanging yellow board monitoring in the solarium.
4. the height that will shear off is 10-15cm, and stem slightly soaked 15 minutes in the NAA of 100mg/L solution (pH is transferred to 5.8-6.0) for the water culture of potato shoot root section of about 2mm, then field planting.To cultivate tweezers used, after drying with 75% alcohol disinfecting, clamp seedling bottom with tweezers, the hand steered firmly seedling top of another, young plant is vertically put into the culture hole of cover plate, should guarantee to expose cover plate 2cm-3cm bottom young plant, namely root fully touches nutritive medium, ensures again 2-3 sheet leaf as far as possible and exposes culture hole.
5. open mist training device after field planting, spray nutritious liquor, the nutrient solution spray time is planted every 5 minutes before spraying 30s of seedling rooting, and every day, the amount of spray nutritious liquor was 154.4-185.6L/m
2Be made as daytime after planting stock is taken root is to arrive between late 68 of morning, every 10-20min spraying 30s, and the amount of spraying of nutritive medium is 17.0-40.4L/m
2Evening namely 6 of evenings to early between 8, every 30-40min spraying 30s; The amount of spraying of nutritive medium is 12.0-19.8L/m
2Weekly pH of nutrient solution is carried out one-time detection, use HNO
3Or NaOH solution is regulated pH to 5.8 left and right, the appropriate root-growing agent that adds in the nutritive medium before taking root.Before taking root, sooner or later prevent to mist training seedling blade face water spray here seedling from withering every day, and during this period, sunshine time requires 13-15 hour/day, Guang Zhao＞=2000lux, and the temperature of nutritive medium remains on 18 ℃-20 ℃, solarium's temperature 25 ℃ of left and right, humidity 70%-80%.
6. field planting when after one month, the stolon onset namely begins to tie potato, namely the 5cm left and right is pulled down to 3-5 stipes in cultivation bed, and before drawing seedling, available scraper removes the 1-2 bottom of the blade, is convenient to drop-down; To guarantee that root and stolon fully under plate, in case indivedual potato knot stops up the duct in culture hole, cause mist training seedling death and culture hole distortion.
7. soon enter growth during the most productive period potato, during this period due to temperature rise very fast, very suitable potato top Fast Growth, and this solarium can not temperature control, therefore need to spray the uniconazole of 20ppm, weekly, spray continuously 2 to 3 times, control it and nourish and grow.
8. enter growth potato and begin to prevent early late blight of potato during the most productive period, spray sterilant one time about a general week, protectiveness and systemic fungicide will use in turn.All to note preventing bacterial wilt during whole breeding time, can add agricultural Vetstrep or waxy Bacillus in nutritive medium.
9. begin to gather during micro potato 3-5g, front group after group at different time is gathered, disposable gathering after finishing breeding time, disposable front first the spray after clear water 2-3 days airing 5-7 days of gathering, treat potato here wither after with the remaining seed potato warehouse-in of gathering.The micro potato of gathering is housed in temperature 2-4 ℃ (should progressively lower the temperature, fall the 2-4 degree every day), and humidity is more than 80%, in the freezer below gas concentration lwevel 2500ppm.
Nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Macroelement:
NH
4NO
3：95-700mg/L、KH
2PO
4：180-833mg/L、KNO
3：507-2817mg/L、MgSO
4·7H
2O：148-476mg/L、Ca(NO
3)
2·4H
2O：197-512mg/L、NaCl：31-110mg/L；
Molysite: Na
2EDTA2H
2O:37.3mg/L, FeSO
47H
2O:27.8mg/L, trace element: MnSO
44H
2O:1mg/L, H
3BO
4: 1.5mg/L, ZnSO
47H
2O:2.3mg/L, CuSO
45H
2O:0.75mg/L, Na
2MoO
42H
2O:0.025mg/L, CoCl
26H
2O:0.025mg/L, all the other are water.The consumption of macroelement can have floating a little each period at potato growth, and early stage, nitrogen content was slightly many, and the later stage need to be improved potassium content; Molysite and micronutrient levels are constant.Refer to the potato seedling phase early stage, in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4NO
3: 700mg/L, KH
2PO
4: 345mg/L, KNO
3: 562mg/L, MgSO
47H
2O:148mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:512mg/L, NaCl:31mg/L refer to that stem tuber forms the phase mid-term, and in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4NO
3: 426mg/L, KH
2PO
4: 517mg/L, KNO
3: 521mg/L, MgSO
47H
2O:282.5mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:378mg/L, NaCl:76mg/L, the later stage is stem tuber rise period-starch accumulation phase, in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4NO
3: 95mg/L, KH
2PO
4: 790mg/L, KNO
3: 2325mg/L, MgSO
47H
2O:476mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:197mg/L, NaCl:110mg/L; Also to pay special attention to regulate the pH of nutrient solution value to 6.0 left and right in the knot potato phase, build the optimum environment of knot potato.Generally, add weekly one time of nutrition liquid, every 2 weeks are changed one time of nutrition liquid.When changing nutritive medium, remaining nutritive medium all be taken out, the pond is cleaned out, take out after adding flushing with clean water again, the nutrition pond want general cleaning once depending on situation at that time about January, managerial personnel will go down and carefully clear up and sterilize once.
In mist training process, to carefully check whether shower nozzle stops up every day in (backwater place want the emphasis inspection), normally whether motor operation, and strainer will often clean, and general 1 to 2 week will be taken turns and be changed cleaning once.Be also noted that whether tilt, whether nutritive medium can in time reflux, and will in time adjust casing if go wrong if observing whole casing, make casing recover normal.To keep in addition can not cutting off the power supply for a long time, will in time process if occur having a power failure, and manually spray water for young plant.
In mist training process, morning, noon and afternoon every day will be recorded the temperature and humidity in booth, and the training of potato mist is responsive to the planting environment reaction, when high humidity in groove, when envrionment temperature is higher, in groove, a large amount of axillalry buds that generate and often form yellow of stolon, can consume a large amount of nutrients, affects stem tuber and expand.Need to open sunshade net, cascade and ventilating fan according to practical situation, regulate the humiture in booth, satisfy as much as possible the humiture requirement that potato growth is grown and tied the potato stage.
After potato seed had been gathered in the crops, Greenhouse and casing, pond will conscientiously clean up, and wipe clean casing 200 times of solution of formalin or 800 times of disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of rear use 40%, repeated after sterilization to rinse 2 to 3 times again, used when planting seedling next time.
Embodiment two
The place: toxicity-removing white potato potato seed High-efficient Production base, academy of agricultural sciences, CIP Sichuan Province, area is 5000 ㎡ approximately
1. the screening high-quality potato detoxicating, detect and eliminate the variation strain through virus and begin later on tissue culture quick breeding.
2. tissue cultured seedling began later on water planting strong sprout in 30 days, and after 15 days, the long potato set of clip 10-15cm carries out field planting, and cutting seedling scissors used will be with 75% alcohol disinfecting.Middle all links all will be noted the sterilization of environment, operator and tool using.
3. the casing of Greenhouse and aeroponics cleans up at cultivation Miao Qianyao, the casing of aeroponics is sterilized thoroughly and cleans 2 to 3 times with 200 times of solution of formalin of 40%, 800 times of potassium permanganate solutions or 500 times of derosal etc., and by 50 milliliters of 40% missible oil of omethoate, convert the ratio preparation insecticide solution spraying desinsection of 60-80 kg water, hang yellow board monitoring in the solarium whether aphid is arranged, in case find aphid take immediately the desinsection measure, can spray the medicines such as SD-1750 or Provado and kill aphid.
4. will be highly 10-15cm, stem be slightly about 2mm the water culture of potato seedling, be colonizated in the culture hole of mist training cultivation plate, wherein, the young plant root that shears off soaked 15 minutes in the NAA of 100mg/L solution (pH is transferred to 5.8-6.0), to cultivate tweezers used, after drying with 75% alcohol disinfecting, clamp seedling bottom with tweezers, the hand steered firmly young plant top of another, young plant is vertically put into the culture hole of cover plate, should guarantee that it is that root fully touches nutritive medium that cover plate 2cm-3cm is exposed in young plant bottom, ensures again 2-3 sheet leaf as far as possible and exposes culture hole.
5. open mist training device after field planting, spray nutritious liquor, the nutrient solution spray time is planted every 5 minutes before spraying 30s of seedling rooting, and every day, the amount of spray nutritious liquor was 154.4-185.6L/m
2Be made as daytime after planting stock is taken root is to arrive between late 68 of morning, every 10-20min spraying 30s, and the amount of spraying of nutritive medium is 17.0-40.4L/m
2, evening namely 6 of evenings to early between 8, every 30-40min spraying 30s, the amount of spraying of nutritive medium is 12.0-19.8L/m
2Weekly pH of nutrient solution is carried out one-time detection, use HNO
3Or NaOH solution is regulated pH to 5.8 left and right, the appropriate root-growing agent that adds in the nutritive medium before taking root.Before taking root, sooner or later prevent to mist training seedling blade face water spray here seedling from withering every day, and during this period, sunshine time requires 13-15 hour/day, Guang Zhao＞=2000lux, and the temperature of nutritive medium remains on 18 ℃-20 ℃, solarium's temperature 25 ℃ of left and right, humidity 70%-80%.
6. field planting when after one month, the stolon onset namely begins to tie potato, namely the 5cm left and right is pulled down to 3-5 stipes in cultivation bed, and before drawing seedling, available scraper removes the 1-2 bottom of the blade, is convenient to drop-down; To guarantee that root and stolon fully under plate, in case indivedual potato knot stops up the duct in culture hole, cause mist training seedling death and culture hole distortion.When seedling grows to 30 centimetres of left and right, when beginning to tie potato, sprayed the medicament that once prevents late blight in every 7-10 days.Whether normally to observe mist training Miao Yese every day, have or not scab, have or not and here wither; Normally whether the young plant root system (general normal potato set root system is full, and color is pure white).If the potato of falling or other foreign material are arranged in casing will in time be removed.
7. soon enter growth during the most productive period potato, open the greenhouse temperature control facility, in order to avoid excess Temperature causes potato excessive growth.
8. enter growth potato and begin to prevent early late blight of potato during the most productive period, spray sterilant one time about a general week, protectiveness and systemic fungicide will use in turn.All to note preventing bacterial wilt during whole breeding time, can add agricultural Vetstrep or waxy Bacillus in nutritive medium.
9. begin to gather during micro potato 3-5g, front group after group at different time is gathered, and disposable gathering after finishing breeding time is housed in temperature 2-4 ℃ (should progressively lower the temperature, fall the 2-4 degree every day), and humidity is more than 80%, in the following freezer of gas concentration lwevel 2500ppm.
Nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Macroelement:
NH
4NO
3：95-700mg/L、KH
2PO
4：180-833mg/L、KNO
3：507-2817mg/L、MgSO
4·7H
2O：148-476mg/L、Ca(NO
3)
2·4H
2O：197-512mg/L、NaCl：31-110mg/L；
Molysite: Na
2EDTA2H
2O:37.3mg/L, FeSO
47H
2O:27.8mg/L; Trace element: MnSO
44H
2O:1mg/L, H
3BO
4: 1.5mg/L, ZnSO
47H
2O:2.3mg/L, CuSO
45H
2O:0.75mg/L, Na
2MoO
42H
2O:0.025mg/L, CoCl
26H
2O:0.025mg/L, all the other are water.The consumption of macroelement has floating a little each period at potato growth, and preferred early stage, nitrogen content was slightly many, and the later stage can be improved potassium content; Molysite and micronutrient levels are constant.Refer to the potato seedling phase early stage, in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4NO
3: 700mg/L, KH
2PO
4: 345mg/L, KNO
3: 536mg/L, MgSO
47H
2O:148mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:197mg/L, NaCl:31mg/L refer to that stem tuber forms the phase mid-term, and in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4NO
3: 513mg/L, KH
2PO
4: 517mg/L, KNO
3: 507mg/L, MgSO
47H
2O:282.5mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:378mg/L, NaCl:76mg/L, the later stage is stem tuber rise period-starch accumulation phase, in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4NO
3: 650mg/L, KH
2PO
4: 790mg/L, KNO
3: 2180mg/L, MgSO
47H
2O:476mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:512mg/L, NaCl:110mg/L; Also to pay special attention to regulate the pH of nutrient solution value to 6.0 left and right in the knot potato phase, build the optimum environment of knot potato.Generally, add weekly one time of nutrition liquid, every 2 weeks are changed one time of nutrition liquid.When changing nutritive medium, remaining nutritive medium all be taken out, the pond is cleaned out, take out after adding flushing with clean water again, the nutrition pond want general cleaning once depending on situation at that time about January, managerial personnel will go down and carefully clear up and sterilize once.
In mist training process, to carefully check whether shower nozzle stops up every day in (backwater place want the emphasis inspection), normally whether motor operation, and strainer will often clean, and general 1 to 2 week will be taken turns and be changed cleaning once.Be also noted that whether tilt, whether nutritive medium can in time reflux, and will in time adjust casing if go wrong if observing whole casing, make casing recover normal.To keep in addition can not cutting off the power supply for a long time, will in time process if occur having a power failure, and manually spray water for young plant.
In mist training process, morning, noon and afternoon every day will be recorded the temperature and humidity in booth, and the training of potato mist is responsive to the planting environment reaction, when high humidity in groove, when envrionment temperature is higher, in groove, a large amount of axillalry buds that generate and often form yellow of stolon, can consume a large amount of nutrients, affects stem tuber and expand.Need to open sunshade net, cascade and ventilating fan according to practical situation, regulate the humiture in booth, satisfy as much as possible the humiture requirement that potato growth is grown and tied the potato stage.
After potato seed had been gathered in the crops, Greenhouse and casing, pond will conscientiously clean up, and wipe clean casing 200 times of solution of formalin or 800 times of disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of rear use 40%, repeated after sterilization to rinse 2 to 3 times again, used when planting seedling next time.
The above; only for the better embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement are within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (10)
1. the nutritive medium of potato primary stock is produced in the mist training, it is characterized in that this nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Macroelement:
NH
4NO
3：95-700mg/L、
KH
2PO
4：180-833mg/L、
KNO
3：507-2817mg/L、
MgSO
4·7H
2O：148-476mg/L、
Ca(NO
3)
2·4H
2O：197-512mg/L、
NaCl：31-110mg/L；
Molysite:
Na
2·EDTA·2H
2O：37.3mg/L、
FeSO
4·7H
2O：27.8mg/L，
Trace element:
MnSO
4·4H
2O：1mg/L、
H
3BO
4：1.5mg/L、
ZnSO
4·7H
2O：2.3mg/L、
CuSO
4·5H
2O：0.75mg/L、
Na
2MoO
4·2H
2O：0.025mg/L、
CoCl
2·6H
2O：0.025mg/L；
All the other are water.
2. mist is trained the method for producing potato primary stock; it is characterized in that: it is for the method for large-scale production virus-free basic potato seed; comprise the strong sprout of nutritive medium, tissue cultured seedling, the later each side such as processing warehouse-in of sterilization, upper Miao Lamiao, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, potato harvest of mist training device, comprise the following steps:
(1), screening high-quality seed potato, it is carried out stem apex detoxify, begin later on tissue culture fast-propagation through virus detection and the superseded variation of field test strain, began later on water planting strong sprout in tissue cultured seedling 20-30 days, the long potato of clip 10-15cm carries out field planting high strong sprout after 10-15 days, and cutting seedling scissors used will be with 75% alcohol disinfecting;
(2), mist is trained the preparation of solarium:
The casing of Greenhouse and aeroponics cleans up at cultivation Miao Qianyao, the casing of aeroponics is sterilized thoroughly and cleans 2 to 3 times with 200 times of solution of formalin of 40%, 800 times of potassium permanganate solutions or 500 times of derosal etc., and by 50 milliliters of 40% missible oil of omethoate, convert the ratio preparation insecticide solution spraying desinsection of 60-80 kg water;
The solarium evenly hangs yellow plate, to detect, whether aphid is arranged, in case find aphid take immediately the desinsection measure;
(3), mist training seedling field planting
The clip height is 10-15cm, and stem is slightly the Rooted Cuttings of about 2mm, is colonizated in the culture hole of mist training cultivation plate, and wherein, the young plant root that shears off soaked 15 minutes in pH is the NAA solution of 100mg/L of 5.8-6.0, then was colonizated in culture hole; To cultivate tweezers used, after drying with 75% alcohol disinfecting, clamp seedling bottom with tweezers, the hand steered firmly seedling top of another, vertically put into the culture hole of cover plate, should guarantee to expose cover plate 2cm-3cm so that root fully touches nutritive medium bottom young plant, ensure again 2-3 sheet leaf as far as possible and expose culture hole;
(4), seedling management
After field planting, open mist training device, spray nutritious liquor, nutrient solution spray time: be made as spraying in every 5 minutes 30 seconds before planting stock is taken root, be made as every 10-20min spraying on daytime 30s after planting stock is taken root, 30-40min spraying in evening 30s; Weekly pH of nutrient solution is carried out one-time detection, use HNO
3Or NaOH solution regulates pH to 5.8 left and right, can add root-growing agent in the nutritive medium before taking root;
Before taking root, every day sooner or later to mist training seedling foliage-spray moisture to prevent here seedling from withering, during this period, sunshine time requires 13-15 hour/day, light photograph＞=2000lux, the temperature of nutritive medium remains on 18 ℃-20 ℃, solarium's temperature 25 ℃ of left and right, humidity 70%-80%; Note observing the growing way of young plant every day, the running of fog system and a series of situations such as humiture of solarium;
(5), middle term management
(1), equipment control: will carefully check whether shower nozzle stops up every day, normally whether motor operation, and strainer will often clean, be also noted that whether observe whole casing tilts, whether nutritive medium can in time reflux, and will in time adjust casing if go wrong, and makes casing recover normal; To keep in addition can not cutting off the power supply for a long time, will in time process if occur having a power failure, and manually spray water for young plant;
(2), seed and seedling management:
Field planting namely the 5cm left and right is pulled down to 3-5 stipes in cultivation bed when after one month, the stolon onset begins to tie potato, and before drawing seedling, available scraper removes the 1-2 bottom of the blade, is convenient to drop-down; To guarantee that root and stolon fully under plate, to prevent that indivedual potatos knots from culture hole, stopping up the duct, cause mist training seedling death and culture hole distortion; When seedling grows to 30 centimetres of left and right, when beginning to tie potato, sprayed the medicament that once prevents late blight in every 7-10 days;
Whether normally to observe mist training Miao Yese every day, have or not scab, have or not and here wither; Whether the young plant root system is normal, if having the potato of falling or other foreign material in time to remove in casing, mid-term, the young plant growing way was vigorous, prevent the undue excessive growth of young plant, thus impact knot potato;
Aeroponics mainly prevents fungal disease early blight, late blight and bacterial disease ring rot, bacterial wilt; Every 2 weeks are played sterilant one time, and every two weeks are sprayed sterilant one time; Or regularly add appropriate broad-spectrum germicide in nutritive medium; In case find diseased plant, should pull out immediately and the pesticide grown treatment;
(3), Temperature and Humidity Control in booth
Morning, noon and afternoon every day will be recorded the temperature and humidity in booth, need to open sunshade net, cascade and ventilating fan according to practical situation, regulate the humiture in booth, and potato growth is grown and the humiture requirement in knot potato stage to satisfy;
(4), nutrient management:
Also to pay special attention to regulate the pH of nutrient solution value to 6.0 left and right in the knot potato phase, build the optimum environment of knot potato, add weekly one time of nutrition liquid, every 2 weeks are changed one time of nutrition liquid, when changing nutritive medium, remaining nutritive medium all to be taken out, the pond is cleaned out, taken out again after adding flushing with clean water, the nutrition pond want general cleaning once depending on situation at that time about January, managerial personnel will go down and carefully clear up and sterilize once, can adopt the nutrient solution prescription as shown in claim 1;
(6), the results of potato seed
Because the ripening degree of potato seed is different, so will carry out results by stages, general 7-10 days results once;
Begin to gather during micro potato 3-5g, front group after group at different time is gathered, disposable gathering after finishing breeding time; Disposable gather front first spray clear water 2-3 days after, airing 5-7 days, treat potato plant here wither after with the remaining seed potato warehouse-in of gathering;
After the micro potato of gathering is first rinsed the epidermis nutrient well, then reveal in solution or in 0.5% derosal and 0.5% metaxanin solution at 0.5% derosal and 0.5% gram and soaked for 10 seconds, taking-up is dried, and then is stored in storehouse; When needing prolonged preservation, the micro potato of gathering should be kept under 2～4 degree, humidity is more than 80%, and in the freezer below gas concentration lwevel 2500ppm, wherein temperature should progressively be lowered the temperature, and falls 2～4 degree every day.
3. mist according to claim 2 is trained the method for producing potato primary stock, it is characterized in that: middle all links all will be noted the sterilization of environment, operator and tool using.
4. the mist according to claim 2 training method of producing potato primary stock is characterized in that: before planting stock is taken root every day spray nutritious liquor amount be 154.4-185.6L/m
2After planting stock is taken root daytime nutritive medium the amount of spraying be 17.0-40.4L/m
2Evening, the amount of spraying of nutritive medium was 12.0-19.8L/m
2
5. mist according to claim 2 is trained the method for producing potato primary stock, it is characterized in that: Greenhouse need be built area without shade in, indoor the automatic photosensitive meter to be housed, thermometer, humidity is taken into account yellow plate, so that the growing environment to potato is monitored, mist training seedbed is far from ground 60-70cm, the wide 60cm of case, high 45cm, length is adjustable, the case internal layer adds black plastic film with warming plate and wraps formation, notice that casing can not leak, cover plate is as the field planting plate, with black plastic film bag warming plate, on the cover board stamp the uniform small pores of 10cm * 15cm as culture hole, mark signature aperture on the film of aperture top, feed pipe is deep in casing, is evenly arranged shower nozzle on feed pipe.
6. mist according to claim 2 is trained the method for producing potato primary stock, and it is characterized in that: early maturing variety is short breeding time, generally can gather in the crops original silkworm egg in about 60 days in growth, and the knot potato is more concentrated; Late variety is long breeding time, and knot potato quantity generally could be gathered in the crops in growth more than early maturing variety in about 75 days.
7. mist according to claim 2 is trained the method for producing potato primary stock, it is characterized in that: owing to very suitable its plant of aeroponics its condition in greenhouse top nourishing and growing, need to reduce temperature, or before it soon enters the growth most productive period, spray the uniconazole of 10-30ppm, weekly, spray continuously 2 to 3 times, control it and nourish and grow, prevent excessive growth, do not tie potato, the few situation of knot potato.
8. mist according to claim 2 is trained the method for producing potato primary stock, it is characterized in that: potato virus disease mainly passes through aphis propagation, so in one meter, weeds are not arranged around Greenhouse, and be strictly on guard against and start a leak, the aphid that prevents the outside flies into, and the Greenhouse gate will arrange buffer zone, and all staff on board passes in and out in time and closes the door, when cutting out, vent fan to shut window, unrelated person same No Admittance; To hang a yellow plate every 5 meters in buffer zone and Greenhouse, on the yellow plate of Real Time Observation, whether aphid be arranged, find that in time preventing and treating appears in aphid.
9. mist according to claim 8 is trained the method for producing potato primary stock, it is characterized in that: the anti-drug of choice agent that eliminates aphis has 1000 times of liquid of 10% omethoate emulsion, 1000 to 1500 times of liquid of Malathion emulsion or 1000 times of liquid of DDT EC.
10. mist according to claim 2 is trained the method for producing potato primary stock, it is characterized in that: after potato seed has been gathered in the crops, Greenhouse and casing, pond will conscientiously clean up, casing will be wiped clean 200 times of solution of formalin or 800 times of disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of rear use 40%, repeat again after sterilization to rinse 2 to 3 times, use when planting seedling next time.
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