CN103159528B - Nutrient solution and method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics - Google Patents
Nutrient solution and method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics Download PDFInfo
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- CN103159528B CN103159528B CN201310080696.9A CN201310080696A CN103159528B CN 103159528 B CN103159528 B CN 103159528B CN 201310080696 A CN201310080696 A CN 201310080696A CN 103159528 B CN103159528 B CN 103159528B
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims description 22
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052564 epsomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004619 Na2MoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052927 chalcanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052603 melanterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PZXOQEXFMJCDPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N omethoate Chemical compound CNC(=O)CSP(=O)(OC)OC PZXOQEXFMJCDPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorvos Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC=C(Cl)Cl OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229950001327 dichlorvos Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MDWZMJQESA-N (1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1/C(C(O)C(C)(C)C)=C/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YNWVFADWVLCOPU-MDWZMJQESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005949 Malathion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005807 Metalaxyl Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(SP(=S)(OC)OC)C(=O)OCC JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000453 malathion Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C(C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 99
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010413 mother solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Substances [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WEEMDRWIKYCTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxybenzenecarbothioamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C(N)=S WEEMDRWIKYCTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000193755 Bacillus cereus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002385 streptomycin sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[6-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzimidazol-1-yl]-3-[1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]thiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=1C(C)OC(=C(S1)C(N)=O)C=C1N(C1=C2)C=NC1=CC=C2CN1CCN(C)CC1 ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 102000018997 Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFHNAMRJFCEERV-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GFHNAMRJFCEERV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940061634 magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CDUFCUKTJFSWPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O CDUFCUKTJFSWPL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- MKWYFZFMAMBPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium feredetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O MKWYFZFMAMBPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-[[4-[(e)-[4-(4-ethoxyanilino)phenyl]-[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]azaniumylidene]-2-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]-n-ethyl-3-methylanilino]methyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(=C2C(=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=C1 RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, and particularly relates to a nutrient solution and a method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics. The formula of the nutrient solution provided by the invention mainly comprises the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; and in the faculty of agricultural sciences, the formula is improved based on the formula of a potato MS culture solution, and the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is properly adjusted according to different growth periods of potatoes. The method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics provided by the invention starts from each link of large-scale production of potato breeder seeds, and comprises detailed operation measures in terms of nutrient solution, strong seedlings of tissue culture seedlings, disinfection of an aeroponics device, seedling loading and drawing, pest control, treatment and storage after potato harvesting and the like so as to solve the problems such as low survival rate of aeroponics seedlings, low single-strain potato yield, damage caused by diseases and insects and low output of breeder seeds caused by excessive growth of aeroponics seedlings due to a bad aeroponics management method in aeroponics production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a nutrient solution and a method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics.
Background
The prior art mainly aims at nutrient solution or a device of a stock seed for producing potatoes in a small greenhouse through aeroponic culture and a cultivation mode matched with the nutrient solution or the device, and has no effective method for properly managing production and storage, and the problems of low survival rate of detoxified seedlings, occurrence of diseases in the production process, excessive growth of the detoxified seedlings and high rotten potato rate after tuber harvest in the large-scale aeroponic culture production are not solved.
A representative patent technical profile is presented below.
1. CN102295480A nutrient solution for greenhouse aeroponic cultivation of miniature potato seeds and cultivation method
The invention relates to a nutrient solution for greenhouse aeroponic cultivation of miniature potato seeds and a cultivation method. The nutrient solution comprises: NH (NH)4NO3、KNO3、KH2PO4、MgSO4·7H2O、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、MnSO4·4H2O、H3BO3、ZnSO4·7H2O、Na2MoO4·2H2O、CuSO4·5H2O、FeSO4·7H2O、KI、Na2EDTA and CoCl2·6H2And O. Spraying nutrient solution immediately after planting the potato virus-free seedlings; the spraying interval is as follows: spraying for 15s every 5min 5d before the field planting of the seedlings; then adjusting the spraying time to 10min, spraying for 15s, and spraying for 5 d; finally, the spraying time is adjusted to 20min and the spraying time is 15 s. The photosynthesis of potato plants obtained by adopting the nutrient solution is enhanced, the plant height and stem thickness are obviously higher than those of the prior art, the mineral element content is obviously improved, the final yield and quality are better than those of other prior art, the potato plants are in a relatively proper growth condition, the production potential of potatoes is excavated to the maximum extent, and the problems of long production period, low single-seed weight, small single-plant potato production quantity and the like of small core potatoes are solved. Reduces the production cost and increases the effectiveness of the nutrient solution.
2. CN101781148A potato spray cultivation nutrient solution and preparation method thereof
The invention comprises mother liquor A, mother liquor B, mother liquor C, mother liquor D and mother liquor E, wherein the mother liquor A comprises the following raw materials in weight volume ratio: 30-40g/L potassium nitrate, 20-30g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 35-40g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 4.0-5.0g/L ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate trihydrate and the balance of water; the mother solution B comprises the following raw materials in weight volume ratio: 45-55g/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and the balance of water; the mother solution C comprises the following raw materials in weight volume ratio: 0.8-0.9g/L of potassium iodide, 6.0-7.0g/L of boric acid, 22-23g/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 8.0-9.0g/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.2-0.3g/L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025-0.03g/L of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 0.02-0.03g/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate and the balance of water; the mother solution D comprises the following raw materials in weight volume ratio: 100-200g/L of urea and the balance of water; the mother solution E comprises the following raw materials in weight volume ratio: 100 g/L of monopotassium phosphate and 200g/L of monopotassium phosphate, and the balance of water.
3. CN1207866A matrix-free potato spray cultivation method and device
The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless culture for breeding potato seeds. The method comprises the steps of culturing and strengthening the virus-free test-tube seedlings in conical flasks until the number of the virus-free test-tube seedlings is about 8, soaking the virus-free test-tube seedlings in naphthylacetic acid with the concentration of 20ppm for 2-4 hours, cutting the virus-free test-tube seedlings in planting holes of a planting bed, controlling a water pump to spray liquid once every 3-5 minutes by a timer, spraying the liquid for 30-50 seconds each time, spraying the liquid into a mist shape from a spray head, and allowing the mother liquid falling into a planting groove to automatically flow back to. The nutrient solution in the liquid storage box is prepared by diluting A, B, C, D four kinds of mother liquid, the temperature of the nutrient solution is 18-21 ℃, and the nutrient solution is replaced every half month.
The 3 patents are not applied to potato aeroponic culture production in a large scale, and the patent 2 is only an aeroponic culture nutrient solution and does not have an aeroponic culture production method. The aeroponic method of patent 3 is too simple to describe and the effect written in the patent is difficult to achieve in practical production applications. The aeroponics method of patent 2 is described in more detail, but has a plurality of defects, firstly, the fixed-planting seedlings of the patent are directly used for aeroponics after the seedlings are hardened directly by test-tube seedlings, strong seedling treatment is not carried out, the test-tube seedlings are very delicate, or the survival rate of the fixed-planting seedlings is greatly influenced. Secondly, the test-tube plantlets are not moisturized after being planted, the survival rate of the test-tube plantlets can be influenced, and in addition, the early spraying time of 15s is too short, so that the potato root growth can be influenced. Fourthly, when the seedling grows to 30cm, attention should be paid to pulling the seedling to avoid the potato tuber from growing in the planting hole. Fifthly, the aeroponic culture box body is not disinfected, so that the probability of potato infection is increased. Sixthly, diseases are not prevented in the production process of the potatoes, and the diseases are likely to cause outbreak of certain diseases, so that the production is failed. Seventhly, the growth vigor of the potatoes is not controlled during the growth period, so that the potatoes are overgrown physiologically, the potato bearing rate is reduced, and the occurrence probability of diseases is increased. Eighthly, the harvested potatoes are not treated by a medicament, dried and then put in storage, so that large-scale rotten potatoes can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a nutrient solution and a method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics.
The invention provides a nutrient solution for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics, which comprises the following formula:
macroelements:
NH4NO3：95-700mg/L、
KH2PO4：180-833mg/L、
KNO3：507-2817mg/L、
MgSO4·7H2O：148-476mg/L、
Ca(NO3)2·4H2O：197-512mg/L、
NaCl：31-110mg/L；
iron salt:
Na2·EDTA·2H2O：37.3mg/L、
FeSO4·7H2O：27.8mg/L，
trace elements:
MnSO4·4H2O：1mg/L、
H3BO4：1.5mg/L、
ZnSO4·7H2O：2.3mg/L、
CuSO4·5H2O：0.75mg/L、
Na2MoO4·2H2O：0.025mg/L、
CoCl2·6H2O：0.025mg/L；
the balance of water.
The method for producing the potato breeder seed by aeroponics starts from various links of large-scale production of potato detoxified breeder seeds, and comprises detailed operation measures in various aspects of nutrient solution, strong seedlings of tissue culture seedlings, disinfection of an aeroponics device, seedling feeding and pulling, pest control, treatment and warehousing after potato harvesting and the like, so as to solve the problems of low survival rate of aeroponics seedlings, low single plant ending rate, pest occurrence and damage occurrence and low yield of breeder seeds caused by excessive growth of aeroponics seedlings in aeroponics production due to poor aeroponics management method.
The technical scheme is as follows: the potato virus-free tube seedling aeroponics method adopts the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, screening high-quality potato seeds, detoxifying the potato seeds, performing virus detection and field test (eliminating variant lines), starting tissue culture and rapid propagation, starting water culture and strong seedling after 20-30 days of tissue culture seedling, cutting 10-15cm long high-strong potato seedlings for field planting after 10-15 days, and sterilizing the scissors used for cutting the seedlings by using 75% alcohol. All the intermediate links need to pay attention to the environment, operators and tools for disinfection.
Secondly, preparing an aeroponic net room:
cleaning a greenhouse and a box body of the aeroponic potato before planting, thoroughly disinfecting and cleaning the box body of the aeroponic potato for 2 to 3 times by using 40 percent formalin 200 times solution, 800 times potassium permanganate solution or 500 times carbendazim and the like, and preparing an insecticidal solution for spraying and killing insects according to the proportion of 50 milliliters of 40 percent omethoate missible oil and 60 to 80 kilograms of water.
Yellow plates are evenly hung in the net room to detect whether aphids exist, once the aphids are found, insecticidal measures are immediately taken, and medicaments such as dichlorvos or imidacloprid can be sprayed to kill the aphids.
Third, fog planting seedling field planting
Cutting water-cultured seedlings with the height of 10-15cm and the stem thickness of about 2mm, planting the water-cultured seedlings in culture holes of an aeroponic culture plate, soaking roots of the cut seedlings in 100mg/L NAA solution with the pH value of 5.8-6.0 for 15 minutes, and planting the seedlings in the culture holes; after the tweezers used for cultivation are disinfected by 75% alcohol and dried in the air, the bottom of the seedling is clamped by the tweezers, the top of the seedling is held by the other hand, the seedling is vertically placed in the cultivation hole of the cover plate, the bottom of the seedling is ensured to be exposed out of the planting plate by 2cm-3cm, so that the root is fully contacted with the nutrient solution, and 2-3 leaves are ensured to be exposed out of the cultivation hole as far as possible.
Fourth, management of seedling stage
After field planting, starting an aeroponics device, spraying nutrient solution, spraying 30 seconds per 5 minutes before seedling planting and rooting in the nutrient solution spraying time, spraying 30 seconds per 10-20 minutes in the daytime (namely between 8 o 'clock and 6 o' clock later) after rooting of the field planting seedlings, and spraying 30 seconds per 30-40 minutes in the evening (namely between 6 o 'clock and 8 o' clock later). The amount of nutrient solution sprayed every day before the seedlings are transplanted and rooted is 154.4-185.6L/m2(ii) a The spraying amount of the nutrient solution in the daytime after the seedlings are planted and rooted is 17.0-40.4L/m2(ii) a The spraying amount of the nutrient solution at night is 12.0-19.8L/m2(ii) a The spraying amount of the nutrient solution is determined by the power of the electric pump, the flow rate and the range of the atomizing nozzle arranged at the bottom of the box body and the like. The pH of the nutrient solution was measured once a week with HNO3Or NaOH solution is used for adjusting the pH value to about 5.8, and a proper amount of rooting agent is added into the nutrient solution before rooting.
Before rooting, spraying water on the leaf surfaces of fog-cultured seedlings in the morning and at night every day to prevent the seedlings from withering, wherein the sunshine hours are required to be 13-15 hours/day, the illumination is larger than or equal to 2000lux, the temperature of the nutrient solution is kept at 18-20 ℃, the temperature of a net room is about 25 ℃, and the humidity is 70-80%. A series of conditions such as the growth of seedlings, the operation of a spraying system (such as water spraying and nutrient solution level), the temperature and humidity of a net room and the like are observed every day.
Management of five and middle stages
1. Equipment management: whether the spray head is blocked or not (the return water part needs to be intensively checked) is carefully checked every day, whether the motor normally runs or not is checked, the filter needs to be cleaned frequently, and the cleaning is carried out by rotation for 1 to 2 weeks generally. And whether the whole box body is inclined or not and whether the nutrient solution can flow back in time or not are also observed, and if a problem occurs, the box body needs to be adjusted in time, so that the box body is recovered to be normal. In addition, the power can not be cut off for a long time, and if the power is cut off, the seedling is required to be treated in time and water is sprayed to the seedling manually.
2. Seedling management:
when the stolons begin to bear potatoes initially after one month of field planting, pulling 3-5 stem nodes, namely about 5cm down into the cultivation groove, and removing 1-2 pieces of bottom leaves by using a sharp knife before pulling seedlings, so as to facilitate pulling down; so as to ensure that the roots and the stolons are completely below the board and prevent individual potatoes from being accumulated in the cultivation holes to block the hole channels, so that the fog cultivation seedlings die and the cultivation holes are deformed. When the seedlings grow to about 30cm and the potatoes begin to bear, the agent for preventing the late blight is taken every 7 to 10 days.
Observing whether the color of the fog-culture seedlings is normal, whether the seedlings have spots or not and whether the seedlings have withered or not every day; whether the root system of the seedling is normal (the normal potato seedling is full and pure white in color). If potato or other impurities fall into the box body, the box body needs to be removed in time. The seedlings in the middle stage grow vigorously to prevent excessive overgrowth of the seedlings, thereby affecting potato bearing.
The aeroponic culture potato is mainly used for preventing fungal diseases such as early blight, late blight, bacterial diseases such as ring rot and bacterial wilt. The bactericide is generally applied once every 2 weeks, and the insecticide is applied once every two weeks. A proper amount of broad-spectrum bactericide can also be added into the nutrient solution regularly. Once the diseased plant is found, it should be immediately removed and preventive measures should be taken.
3. Temperature and humidity control in greenhouse
The temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse are recorded in the morning, the noon and the evening every day, the potato aeroponics is sensitive to the cultivation environment, when the humidity in the groove is high and the environment temperature is high, stolons in the groove are generated in large quantity and tend to form etiolated axillary buds, a large amount of nutrients are consumed, and the expansion of tubers is influenced. The sunshade net, the water curtain and the ventilating fan are required to be opened according to actual conditions to adjust the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, so that the temperature and humidity requirements of the potato growth and development stage and the potato bearing stage are met as far as possible.
4. Nutrient solution management:
the recipe of the nutrient solution mainly comprises elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the farmyard is improved based on the recipe of the MS culture solution of the potatoes, the concentration ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is properly adjusted according to different growth periods of the potatoes, and special attention needs to be paid to adjusting the pH value of the nutrient solution to about 6.0 in the potato bearing period to create the most suitable environment for bearing the potatoes. Typically, the nutrient solution is added once a week and replaced every 2 weeks. When the nutrient solution is changed, the residual nutrient solution is completely pumped out, the water tank is cleaned up, the water tank is flushed by adding clear water and then pumped out, the nutrient tank needs to be largely cleaned out once in about one month according to the current situation, and managers need to carefully clean and disinfect once.
The formula table of the nutrient solution is as follows:
macroelements:
NH4NO3：95-700mg/L、
KH2PO4：180-833mg/L、
KNO3：507-2817mg/L、
MgSO4·7H2O：148-476mg/L、
Ca(NO3)2·4H2O：197-512mg/L、
NaCl：31-110mg/L；
iron salt:
Na2·EDTA·2H2O：37.3mg/L、
FeSO4·7H2O：27.8mg/L，
trace elements:
MnSO4·4H2O：1mg/L、
H3BO4：1.5mg/L、
ZnSO4·7H2O：2.3mg/L、
CuSO4·5H2O：0.75mg/L、
Na2MoO4·2H2O：0.025mg/L、
CoCl2·6H2O：0.025mg/L；
the balance of water.
Sixthly, harvesting of the seed potatoes
The early-maturing variety has short growth period, and the original seed can be harvested after about 60 days of growth, and the potato bearing is centralized. The late-maturing variety has long growth period, the number of the potatoes is more than that of the early-maturing variety, and the potatoes can be harvested after about 75 days of growth. Due to the fact that the maturity of the seed potatoes is different, staged harvesting is carried out, and harvesting is carried out once in 7-10 days generally.
Harvesting 3-5g of miniature potatoes, harvesting in batches in the early stage, and harvesting once after the growth period is finished; spraying clear water for 2-3 days before one-time harvesting, airing for 5-7 days, and harvesting and warehousing the rest potato seeds after the potato plants are withered.
The harvested miniature potatoes are washed clean of nutrients in epidermis, soaked in 0.5% carbendazim and 0.5% dew (or metalaxyl) solution for 10 seconds, taken out, dried in the air and stored in a storehouse. If long-term storage is needed, the harvested miniature potatoes are stored in a cold storage with the temperature of 2-4 degrees (the temperature is gradually reduced by 2-4 degrees every day), the humidity is more than 80%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 2500 ppm.
After the seed potatoes are harvested, carefully cleaning a greenhouse, a box body and a water tank, wiping the box body clean, disinfecting with 40% formalin solution 200 times or potassium permanganate 800 times, repeatedly washing for 2-3 times after disinfection, and using when planting the next time.
Control of aphids at medium management:
potato virus disease is mainly spread through aphids, so weeds are not needed within one meter around the greenhouse, leaks are strictly prevented, the aphids outside are prevented from flying into the greenhouse, a buffer area is arranged at the door of the greenhouse, all workers get in and out and close the door in time, a window is closed when an exhaust fan is closed, and irrelevant people cannot enter the greenhouse. A yellow plate is hung in a buffer area and a warm net chamber every 5m, whether aphids exist on the yellow plate is observed in real time, the aphids are found to be prevented and controlled in time, and the optional medicaments comprise 1000 times of 10% omethoate emulsion, 1000 to 1500 times of malathion emulsion and 1000 times of dichlorvos missible oil. Especially, the local aphid migration period (such as the local rape harvest completion) is controlled regularly. The yellow board is changed once in about one month according to the condition.
Growth hormone use at mid-management:
as the condition of the aeroponic potato in the greenhouse is very suitable for the vegetative growth of the upper part of the plant, if the temperature can not be reduced, 10-30ppm of uniconazole needs to be sprayed before the aeroponic potato enters a growth vigorous growth period, and the aeroponic potato is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times once a week to control the vegetative growth of the aeroponic potato, thereby preventing the conditions of spindly growth, no potato formation and little potato formation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the nutrient solution for producing the potato breeder's seed by aeroponics is more suitable for the growth of potatoes, the survival rate of the seedlings planted by the method for producing the potato breeder's seed by aeroponics provided by the invention is up to more than 99%, the large outbreak of epidemic diseases can not occur in the production process of the potatoes, the average number of the potatoes which are grown into pieces is 20-40 due to the difference of varieties, and the rotten potato rate after the potatoes are harvested and stored is 2-3%.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example one
A place: the area of a crop house in the agricultural academy of Sichuan province is about 2000m2。
The implementation scheme is as follows:
1. screening high-quality potatoes, detoxifying the potatoes by stem tips, and starting tissue culture and rapid propagation after virus detection and field tests (eliminating variant strains).
2. After 25 days, starting water culture strong seedlings (the water culture seedlings are cultured according to the density of 2500 seedlings per square meter and the plant spacing and the row spacing of each 2 cm), preparing a perforated foam plate in advance, wherein the hole spacing on the plate is 2cm, the hole diameter is 5mm, cutting 10-15cm long potato seedlings for field planting after 15 days, and disinfecting scissors used for cutting the seedlings by using 75% alcohol. All the intermediate links need to pay attention to the environment, operators and tools for disinfection.
3. Cleaning a greenhouse and a box body of the aeroponics potatoes in a clean way in a half month before planting, thoroughly disinfecting and cleaning the box body of the aeroponics potatoes for 2 to 3 times by using 40 percent formalin solution of 200 times, 800 times potassium permanganate solution or 500 times carbendazim and the like, and preparing an insecticidal solution for spraying and disinsection according to the proportion of 50 milliliters of 40 percent omethoate missible oil and 60 to 80 kilograms of water. A yellow plate is hung in a net room to monitor whether aphids exist, once the aphids are found, insecticidal measures are taken immediately, and medicaments such as dichlorvos or imidacloprid can be sprayed to kill the aphids.
4. Soaking the root of the cut potato water-cultured seedling with the height of 10-15cm and the stem thickness of about 2mm in 100mg/L NAA solution (pH is adjusted to 5.8-6.0) for 15 minutes, and then planting. After the tweezers used for cultivation are disinfected by 75% alcohol and dried in the air, the bottom of the seedling is clamped by the tweezers, the top of the seedling is held by the other hand, the seedling is vertically placed in the cultivation hole of the cover plate, the bottom of the seedling is ensured to be exposed out of the cover plate by 2cm-3cm, namely, the root is fully contacted with the nutrient solution, and 2-3 leaves are ensured to be exposed out of the cultivation hole as far as possible.
5. Starting an aeroponics device after field planting, spraying nutrient solution, wherein the nutrient solution is sprayed for 30s every 5 minutes before seedling planting and rooting in the nutrient solution spraying time, and the amount of the nutrient solution sprayed every day is 154.4-185.6L/m2(ii) a After the seedlings are rooted, spraying for 30s every 10-20min between 8 am and 6 am in the early days and the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 17.0-40.4L/m2(ii) a Spraying for 30s every 30-40min at night from 6 am to 8 am; the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 12.0-19.8L/m2(ii) a The pH of the nutrient solution was measured once a week with HNO3Or NaOH solution is used for adjusting the pH value to about 5.8, and a proper amount of rooting agent is added into the nutrient solution before rooting. Before rooting, spraying water to the leaf surfaces of the fog-cultured seedlings in the morning and at night every day to prevent the seedlings from withering, wherein the sunshine duration is required to be 13-15 hours/day, the illumination is not less than 2000lux, the temperature of the nutrient solution is kept at 18-20 ℃, the temperature of a net room is about 25 ℃, and the humidity is 70-80%.
6. Pulling 3-5 stem nodes, namely about 5cm, down into the cultivation groove when the stolons begin to bear potatoes after planting for one month, and removing 1-2 bottom leaves by using a sharp knife before pulling seedlings, so as to facilitate pulling down; so as to ensure that the roots and the stolons are completely below the board and prevent individual potatoes from being accumulated in the cultivation holes to block the hole channels, so that the fog cultivation seedlings die and the cultivation holes deform.
7. When the potatoes are about to enter a growth vigorous stage, the temperature rises quickly in the period, so that the potatoes are quite suitable for the upper part of the potatoes to grow quickly, and the temperature of the net chamber cannot be controlled, so that 20ppm of uniconazole needs to be sprayed once a week for 2 to 3 times continuously to control the vegetative growth of the potatoes.
8. When potatoes enter a growth vigorous stage, early and late blight of the potatoes is prevented, the bactericide is generally sprayed once about one week, and protective and systemic bactericides are used in turn. During the whole growth period, attention is paid to preventing bacterial wilt, and agricultural streptomycin sulfate or bacillus cereus can be added into the nutrient solution.
9. Harvesting 3-5g of miniature potatoes, harvesting in batches in the early stage, harvesting at one time after the growth period is finished, spraying clear water for 2-3 days before the one-time harvesting, airing for 5-7 days, and harvesting and warehousing the rest potato seeds after the potatoes are withered. Storing the collected miniature potatoes in a refrigeration house with the temperature of 2-4 ℃ (gradually reducing the temperature by 2-4 ℃ every day), the humidity of more than 80% and the carbon dioxide concentration of less than 2500 ppm.
The nutrient solution has the following formula:
macroelements:
NH4NO3：95-700mg/L、KH2PO4：180-833mg/L、KNO3：507-2817mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O：148-476mg/L、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O：197-512mg/L、NaCl：31-110mg/L；
iron salt: na (Na)2·EDTA·2H2O：37.3mg/L、FeSO4·7H2O: 27.8mg/L, trace elements: MnSO4·4H2O：1mg/L、H3BO4：1.5mg/L、ZnSO4·7H2O：2.3mg/L、CuSO4·5H2O：0.75mg/L、Na2MoO4·2H2O：0.025mg/L、CoCl2·6H2O: 0.025mg/L and the balance of water. The dosage of the macroelements can slightly float in each growth period of the potatoes, the nitrogen content is slightly more in the early period, and the potassium content needs to be increased in the later period; the contents of iron salt and trace elements are not changed. The early stage refers to the seedling stage of the potatoes, and the macroelements in the optional nutrient solution are as follows: NH (NH)4NO3：700mg/L、KH2PO4：345mg/L、KNO3：562mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O：148mg/L、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O: 512mg/L, NaCl: 31mg/L, wherein the middle stage refers to a tuber forming stage, and the selectable nutrient solution comprises the following macroelements: NH (NH)4NO3：426mg/L、KH2PO4：517mg/L、KNO3：521mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O：282.5mg/L、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O: 378mg/L, NaCl: 76mg/L, the tuber growth period-starch accumulation period in the later period, and the selectable nutrient solution contains macroelements: NH (NH)4NO3：95mg/L、KH2PO4：790mg/L、KNO3：2325mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O：476mg/L、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O: 197mg/L, NaCl: 110 mg/L; during the potato growing period, special attention needs to be paid to adjusting the pH value of the nutrient solution to about 6.0 so as to create the most suitable environment for potato growing. Typically, the nutrient solution is added once a week and replaced every 2 weeks. When the nutrient solution is changed, the residual nutrient solution is completely pumped out, the water tank is cleaned up, the water tank is flushed by adding clear water and then pumped out, the nutrient tank needs to be largely cleaned out once in about one month according to the current situation, and managers need to carefully clean and disinfect once.
In the aeroponic process, whether the spray head is blocked or not (the return water part needs to be mainly checked) is carefully checked every day, whether the motor runs normally or not, the filter needs to be cleaned frequently, and the filter is cleaned once by turns in 1-2 weeks generally. And whether the whole box body is inclined or not and whether the nutrient solution can flow back in time or not are also observed, and if a problem occurs, the box body needs to be adjusted in time, so that the box body is recovered to be normal. In addition, the power can not be cut off for a long time, and if the power is cut off, the seedling is required to be treated in time and water is sprayed to the seedling manually.
In the aeroponics process, the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse are recorded in the morning, the evening and every day, the aeroponics of the potatoes is sensitive to the culture environment, when the humidity in the tank is high and the environment temperature is high, stolons in the tank are generated in a large quantity and tend to form yellowing axillary buds, a large amount of nutrients are consumed, and the expansion of tubers is influenced. The sunshade net, the water curtain and the ventilating fan are required to be opened according to actual conditions to adjust the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, so that the temperature and humidity requirements of the potato growth and development stage and the potato bearing stage are met as far as possible.
After the seed potatoes are harvested, carefully cleaning a greenhouse, a box body and a water tank, wiping the box body clean, disinfecting with 40% formalin solution 200 times or potassium permanganate 800 times, repeatedly washing for 2-3 times after disinfection, and using when planting the next time.
Example two
A place: an efficient production base for virus-free potato seeds in rural hospital of CIP Sichuan province with an area of about 5000 square meters
1. Screening high-quality potato, detoxicating, and tissue culture and quick reproduction after virus detection and elimination of variant strain.
2. Starting water culture for strengthening seedlings after 30 days of tissue culture, cutting 10-15cm long potato seedlings for field planting after 15 days, and disinfecting scissors used for cutting the seedlings by using 75% alcohol. All the intermediate links need to pay attention to the environment, operators and tools for disinfection.
3. Cleaning a greenhouse and a box body of a fog-culture potato before planting, thoroughly disinfecting and cleaning the box body of the fog-culture potato for 2 to 3 times by using 40 percent formalin 200 times solution, 800 times potassium permanganate solution or 500 times carbendazim and the like, preparing an insecticidal solution according to the proportion of 40 percent omethoate missible oil of 50 milliliters, spraying and killing insects by adding 60 to 80 kilograms of water, hanging a yellow plate in the greenhouse to monitor whether the aphids exist, immediately taking insecticidal measures once finding the aphids, and spraying medicaments such as dichlorvos or imidacloprid to kill the aphids.
4. Planting potato water-cultured seedlings with the height of 10-15cm and the stem thickness of about 2mm in culture holes of a fog culture plate, wherein roots of the cut seedlings are soaked in 100mg/L NAA solution (the pH value is adjusted to 5.8-6.0) for 15 minutes, using tweezers for cultivation to be sterilized and dried by 75% alcohol, clamping the bottoms of the seedlings by the tweezers, holding the tops of the seedlings by the other hand, vertically placing the seedlings in the culture holes of the cover plate, ensuring that the roots are fully contacted with nutrient solution when the cover plate is exposed at the bottoms of the seedlings by 2-3 cm, and ensuring that 2-3 leaves are exposed out of the culture holes as much as possible.
5. Starting an aeroponics device after field planting, spraying nutrient solution, wherein the nutrient solution is sprayed for 30s every 5 minutes before seedling planting and rooting in the nutrient solution spraying time, and the amount of the nutrient solution sprayed every day is 154.4-185.6L/m2(ii) a After the seedlings are rooted, spraying for 30s every 10-20min between 8 am and 6 am in the early days and the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 17.0-40.4L/m2Spraying for 30s every 30-40min at night from 6. late to 8. early, wherein the spraying amount of the nutrient solution is 12.0-19.8L/m2(ii) a The pH of the nutrient solution was measured once a week with HNO3Or NaOH solution is used for adjusting the pH value to about 5.8, and a proper amount of rooting agent is added into the nutrient solution before rooting. Before rooting, spraying water to the leaf surfaces of the fog-cultured seedlings in the morning and at night every day to prevent the seedlings from withering, wherein the sunshine duration is required to be 13-15 hours/day, the illumination is not less than 2000lux, the temperature of the nutrient solution is kept at 18-20 ℃, the temperature of a net room is about 25 ℃, and the humidity is 70-80%.
6. Pulling 3-5 stem nodes, namely about 5cm, down into the cultivation groove when the stolons begin to bear potatoes after planting for one month, and removing 1-2 bottom leaves by using a sharp knife before pulling seedlings, so as to facilitate pulling down; so as to ensure that the roots and the stolons are completely below the board and prevent individual potatoes from being accumulated in the cultivation holes to block the hole channels, so that the fog cultivation seedlings die and the cultivation holes deform. When the seedlings grow to about 30cm and the potatoes begin to bear, the agent for preventing the late blight is taken every 7 to 10 days. Observing whether the color of the fog-culture seedlings is normal, whether the seedlings have spots or not and whether the seedlings have withered or not every day; whether the root system of the seedling is normal (the normal potato seedling is full and pure white in color). If potato or other impurities fall into the box body, the box body needs to be removed in time.
7. When the potatoes are about to enter a growth vigorous stage, a greenhouse temperature control facility is started to prevent excessive growth of the potatoes due to overhigh temperature.
8. When potatoes enter a growth vigorous stage, early and late blight of the potatoes is prevented, the bactericide is generally sprayed once about one week, and protective and systemic bactericides are used in turn. During the whole growth period, attention is paid to preventing bacterial wilt, and agricultural streptomycin sulfate or bacillus cereus can be added into the nutrient solution.
9. The method comprises the steps of starting harvesting when the weight of miniature potatoes is 3-5g, harvesting in batches in the early stage, harvesting once after the growth period is finished, and storing in a cold storage warehouse with the temperature of 2-4 ℃ (the temperature is gradually reduced by 2-4 ℃ every day), the humidity of more than 80% and the carbon dioxide concentration of less than 2500 ppm.
The nutrient solution has the following formula:
macroelements:
NH4NO3：95-700mg/L、KH2PO4：180-833mg/L、KNO3：507-2817mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O：148-476mg/L、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O：197-512mg/L、NaCl：31-110mg/L；
iron salt: na (Na)2·EDTA·2H2O：37.3mg/L、FeSO4·7H2O: 27.8 mg/L; trace elements: MnSO4·4H2O：1mg/L、H3BO4：1.5mg/L、ZnSO4·7H2O：2.3mg/L、CuSO4·5H2O：0.75mg/L、Na2MoO4·2H2O：0.025mg/L、CoCl2·6H2O: 0.025mg/L and the balance of water. The dosage of the macroelements slightly fluctuates in each period of the potato growth, preferably the nitrogen content in the early stage is slightly more, and the potassium content can be improved in the later stage; the contents of iron salt and trace elements are not changed. The early stage refers to the seedling stage of the potatoes, and the macroelements in the optional nutrient solution are as follows: NH (NH)4NO3：700mg/L、KH2PO4：345mg/L、KNO3：536mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O：148mg/L、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O: 197mg/L, NaCl: 31mg/L, wherein the middle stage refers to a tuber forming stage, and the selectable nutrient solution comprises the following macroelements: NH (NH)4NO3：513mg/L、KH2PO4：517mg/L、KNO3：507mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O：282.5mg/L、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O: 378mg/L, NaCl: 76mg/L, the tuber growth period-starch accumulation period in the later period, and the selectable nutrient solution contains macroelements: NH (NH)4NO3：650mg/L、KH2PO4：790mg/L、KNO3：2180mg/L、MgSO4·7H2O：476mg/L、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O: 512mg/L, NaCl: 110 mg/L; during the potato growing period, special attention needs to be paid to adjusting the pH value of the nutrient solution to about 6.0 so as to create the most suitable environment for potato growing. Typically, the nutrient solution is added once a week and replaced every 2 weeks. When the nutrient solution is changed, the residual nutrient solution is completely pumped out, the water tank is cleaned up, the water tank is flushed by adding clear water and then pumped out, the nutrient tank needs to be largely cleaned out once in about one month according to the current situation, and managers need to carefully clean and disinfect once.
In the aeroponic process, whether the spray head is blocked or not (the return water part needs to be mainly checked) is carefully checked every day, whether the motor runs normally or not, the filter needs to be cleaned frequently, and the filter is cleaned once by turns in 1-2 weeks generally. And whether the whole box body is inclined or not and whether the nutrient solution can flow back in time or not are also observed, and if a problem occurs, the box body needs to be adjusted in time, so that the box body is recovered to be normal. In addition, the power can not be cut off for a long time, and if the power is cut off, the seedling is required to be treated in time and water is sprayed to the seedling manually.
In the aeroponics process, the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse are recorded in the morning, the evening and every day, the aeroponics of the potatoes is sensitive to the culture environment, when the humidity in the tank is high and the environment temperature is high, stolons in the tank are generated in a large quantity and tend to form yellowing axillary buds, a large amount of nutrients are consumed, and the expansion of tubers is influenced. The sunshade net, the water curtain and the ventilating fan are required to be opened according to actual conditions to adjust the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, so that the temperature and humidity requirements of the potato growth and development stage and the potato bearing stage are met as far as possible.
After the seed potatoes are harvested, carefully cleaning a greenhouse, a box body and a water tank, wiping the box body clean, disinfecting with 40% formalin solution 200 times or potassium permanganate 800 times, repeatedly washing for 2-3 times after disinfection, and using when planting the next time.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The method for producing the potato breeder's seed by aeroponics is characterized in that: the method for producing the potato virus-free stock seeds in a large scale comprises the steps of nutrient solution, strong seedling of tissue culture seedling, disinfection of an aeroponic culture device, seedling feeding and pulling, pest control and treatment after potato harvest, and warehousing, and comprises the following steps:
screening high-quality potato seeds, detoxifying the potato seeds through stem tips, performing tissue culture and rapid propagation after virus detection and field test to eliminate variant strains, starting water culture and strong seedling after 20-30 days of tissue culture seedling, cutting 10-15cm long high-strong potato seedlings for field planting after 10-15 days, and sterilizing the scissors used for cutting the seedlings with 75% alcohol;
(II) preparing an aeroponic net room:
cleaning a greenhouse and a box body of the aeroponic potato before planting, thoroughly disinfecting and cleaning the box body of the aeroponic potato for 2 to 3 times by using 40 percent formalin solution of 200 times, 800 times potassium permanganate solution or 500 times carbendazim, and preparing an insecticidal solution for spraying and killing insects according to the proportion of 40 percent omethoate missible oil of 50 milliliters and 60 to 80 kilograms of water;
yellow plates are uniformly hung in the net room to detect whether aphids exist, and once the aphids are found, insect killing measures are taken immediately;
(III) planting fog-cultured seedlings
Cutting water-cultured seedlings with the height of 10-15cm and the stem thickness of about 2mm, planting the water-cultured seedlings in culture holes of an aeroponic culture plate, soaking roots of the cut seedlings in 100mg/L NAA solution with the pH value of 5.8-6.0 for 15 minutes, and planting the seedlings in the culture holes; after disinfecting and airing the tweezers used for cultivation by using 75% alcohol, clamping the bottom of the seedling by using the tweezers, holding the top of the seedling by using the other hand, and vertically placing the seedling into the cultivation hole of the cover plate, wherein the bottom of the seedling is ensured to be exposed out of the cover plate by 2cm-3cm so as to ensure that the root is fully contacted with the nutrient solution, and 2-3 leaves are ensured to be exposed out of the cultivation hole as much as possible;
(IV) management of seedling stage
After field planting, the aeroponics device is opened, nutrient solution is sprayed, and the nutrient solution spraying time is as follows: spraying for 30 seconds every 5 minutes before rooting of the seedling, spraying for 30 seconds every 10-20min in the daytime after rooting of the seedling, and spraying for 30 seconds 30-40min at night; the pH of the nutrient solution was measured once a week with HNO3Or NaOH solution is used for adjusting the pH value to about 5.8, and a rooting agent can be added into the nutrient solution before rooting;
before rooting, spraying water on the leaf surfaces of fog-cultured seedlings in the morning and at night every day to prevent the seedlings from withering, wherein the sunshine hours are required to be 13-15 hours/day, the illumination is more than or equal to 2000lux, the temperature of a nutrient solution is kept at about 18-20 ℃, the temperature of a net room is about 25 ℃, and the humidity is 70-80%; observing the growth of seedlings, the operation of a spraying system and the temperature and humidity of a net room every day;
(V) Medium term management
(1) And equipment management: carefully checking whether the spray head is blocked, whether the motor runs normally or not and often cleaning the filter every day, and also paying attention to observing whether the whole box body is inclined or not and whether nutrient solution can flow back in time or not, and adjusting the box body in time if a problem occurs to enable the box body to be recovered to be normal; in addition, the power can not be cut off for a long time, if the power is cut off, the seedling is required to be treated in time, and water is manually sprayed to the seedling;
(2) and seedling management:
when the stolons begin to bear potatoes initially after one month of field planting, pulling 3-5 stem nodes, namely about 5cm down into the cultivation groove, and removing 1-2 pieces of bottom leaves by using a sharp knife before pulling seedlings, so as to facilitate pulling down; so as to ensure that the roots and the stolons are completely below the board and prevent individual potatoes from being accumulated in the cultivation holes to block the hole channels, so that the fog cultivation seedlings die and the cultivation holes deform; when the seedlings grow to about 30cm and the potatoes begin to bear, the late blight prevention medicament is taken every 7 to 10 days;
observing whether the color of the fog-culture seedlings is normal, whether the seedlings have spots or not and whether the seedlings have withered or not every day; if the root system of the seedling is normal, if potato or other impurities in the box body need to be removed in time, the seedling grows vigorously in the middle period, and the excessive overgrowth of the seedling is prevented, so that the potato bearing is influenced;
the aeroponic culture of the potatoes mainly prevents fungal diseases such as early blight, late blight and bacterial diseases such as ring rot and bacterial wilt; the bactericide is applied once every 2 weeks, and the insecticide is applied once every two weeks; or adding a proper amount of broad-spectrum bactericide into the nutrient solution regularly; once a diseased plant is found, the plant is immediately pulled out and applied with pesticide for treatment;
(3) temperature and humidity control in greenhouse
Recording the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse every morning, noon and evening, and opening a sunshade net, a water curtain and a ventilation fan according to actual conditions to adjust the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse so as to meet the temperature and humidity requirements of potato growth and development and potato bearing stages;
(4) and nutrient solution management:
in the period of potato bearing, special attention needs to be paid to regulate the pH value of the nutrient solution to about 6.0, the most suitable environment for potato bearing is created, the nutrient solution is added once a week, the nutrient solution is changed once every 2 weeks, when the nutrient solution is changed, the rest nutrient solution needs to be completely pumped out, the water tank is cleaned up, the nutrient solution is flushed by adding clear water and then pumped out, the nutrient tank needs to be largely cleaned out once about one month according to the situation at that time, and managers need to carefully clean and disinfect once;
(VI) harvesting of the seed potatoes
Due to different maturity of the seed potatoes, staged harvest is carried out, and the seed potatoes are harvested once in 7-10 days generally;
harvesting 3-5g of miniature potatoes, harvesting in batches in the early stage, and harvesting once after the growth period is finished; spraying clear water for 2-3 days before one-time harvesting, airing for 5-7 days, and harvesting and warehousing the rest potato seeds after the potato plants are withered;
the harvested miniature potatoes are washed clean of nutrients in epidermis, soaked in 0.5 percent of carbendazim and 0.5 percent of dew solution or 0.5 percent of carbendazim and 0.5 percent of metalaxyl solution for 10 seconds, taken out, dried in the air and stored in a storehouse; when the micro potatoes need to be stored for a long time, the collected micro potatoes are stored in a refrigeration house with the temperature of 2-4 ℃, the humidity of more than 80% and the carbon dioxide concentration of less than 2500ppm, wherein the temperature is gradually reduced by 2-4 ℃ every day;
wherein,
the amount of nutrient solution sprayed every day before the seedlings are transplanted and rooted is 154.4-185.6L/m2(ii) a The spraying amount of the nutrient solution in the daytime after the seedlings are planted and rooted is 17.0-40.4L/m2(ii) a The spraying amount of the nutrient solution at night is 12.0-19.8L/m2；
A temperature net chamber needs to be built at a sunny place, an automatic light-sensitive meter, a thermometer, a hygrometer and a yellow plate need to be installed in the temperature net chamber so as to monitor the growing environment of the potatoes, the distance between a fog culture seedbed and the ground is 60-70cm, the width of a box is 60cm, the height of the box is 45cm, the length of the box is adjustable, the inner layer of the box is formed by wrapping a heat insulation plate and a black plastic film, the box body cannot leak water, a cover plate is used as a planting plate, the heat insulation plate is wrapped by the black plastic film, uniform small holes of 10cm multiplied by 15cm are punched on the cover plate to be used as planting holes, and cross small; the liquid supply pipe extends into the box body, and the spray heads are uniformly arranged on the liquid supply pipe;
as the fog-cultured potatoes are in a greenhouse, the conditions are very suitable for the vegetative growth of the upper parts of the plants, the temperature needs to be reduced, or 10-30ppm uniconazole is sprayed before the potatoes enter a growth-vigorous period, and the potatoes are continuously sprayed for 2-3 times once a week to control the vegetative growth of the potatoes, so that the conditions of vain growth, no potato formation and little potato formation are prevented;
potato virus diseases are mainly transmitted through aphids, so weeds are not needed in one meter around a greenhouse, leaks are strictly prevented, the aphids outside are prevented from flying into the greenhouse, a buffer area is arranged at a door of the greenhouse, all workers get in and out and close the door in time, a window is closed when an exhaust fan is closed, and irrelevant people cannot enter the greenhouse; hanging a yellow plate every 5m in the buffer area and the warm-net room, observing whether aphids exist on the yellow plate in real time, and finding that the aphids need to be prevented and controlled in time;
the pesticide for preventing and controlling aphid is selected from 1000 times of 10% omethoate emulsion, 1000-1500 times of malathion emulsion or 1000 times of dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate.
2. The method of aeroponically producing potato stock as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nutrient solution has the following formula:
macroelements:
NH4NO3：95-700mg/L、
KH2PO4：180-833mg/L、
KNO3：507-2817mg/L、
MgSO4·7H2O：148-476mg/L、
Ca(NO3)2·4H2O：197-512mg/L、
NaCl：31-110mg/L；
iron salt:
Na2·EDTA·2H2O：37.3mg/L、
FeSO4·7H2O：27.8mg/L，
trace elements:
MnSO4·4H2O：1mg/L、
H3BO4：1.5mg/L、
ZnSO4·7H2O：2.3mg/L、
CuSO4·5H2O：0.75mg/L、
Na2MoO4·2H2O：0.025mg/L、
CoCl2·6H2O：0.025mg/L；
the balance of water.
3. The method of aeroponically producing potato stock as claimed in claim 1, wherein: all the intermediate links need to pay attention to the environment, operators and tools for disinfection.
4. The method of aeroponically producing potato stock as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the early-maturing variety has short growth period, the original seed can be harvested generally after about 60 days of growth, and the potato bearing is centralized; the late-maturing variety has long growth period, the number of the potatoes is more than that of the early-maturing variety, and the potatoes can be harvested after about 75 days of growth.
5. The method of aeroponically producing potato stock as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after the seed potatoes are harvested, carefully cleaning a greenhouse, a box body and a water tank, wiping the box body clean, disinfecting with 40% formalin solution 200 times or potassium permanganate 800 times, repeatedly washing for 2-3 times after disinfection, and using when planting the next time.
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| CN104446827A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-25 | 吉林大学 | Nutrient solution applied to different growth and development stages of potato seeds in greenhouse aeroponics and cultivation method |
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