CN103159528B - Nutrient solution and method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics - Google Patents
Nutrient solution and method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics Download PDFInfo
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- CN103159528B CN103159528B CN201310080696.9A CN201310080696A CN103159528B CN 103159528 B CN103159528 B CN 103159528B CN 201310080696 A CN201310080696 A CN 201310080696A CN 103159528 B CN103159528 B CN 103159528B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, and particularly relates to a nutrient solution and a method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics. The formula of the nutrient solution provided by the invention mainly comprises the elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; and in the faculty of agricultural sciences, the formula is improved based on the formula of a potato MS culture solution, and the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is properly adjusted according to different growth periods of potatoes. The method for producing potato breeder seeds by aeroponics provided by the invention starts from each link of large-scale production of potato breeder seeds, and comprises detailed operation measures in terms of nutrient solution, strong seedlings of tissue culture seedlings, disinfection of an aeroponics device, seedling loading and drawing, pest control, treatment and storage after potato harvesting and the like so as to solve the problems such as low survival rate of aeroponics seedlings, low single-strain potato yield, damage caused by diseases and insects and low output of breeder seeds caused by excessive growth of aeroponics seedlings due to a bad aeroponics management method in aeroponics production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, particularly nutritive medium and the method for potato primary stock is produced in a kind of mist training.
Background technology
Current techniques mainly trains the nutritive medium or device of producing original silkworm egg and the planting type coordinated with it for small-sized greenhouse potato aerosol; the effective ways of properly not managing production and preserving, the problem that after the generation of disease in low, the production process of the survival rate of detoxic seedling, the excessive growth of detoxic seedling and stem tuber results, rotten potato rate is high in the training of mass-producing mist is produced never solves.
Representational patented technology overview is described below.
1, CN102295480A, the nutritive medium of potato microtubers by greenhouse gas atomization and cultivating method
This invention relates to a kind of nutritive medium and cultivating method of potato microtubers by greenhouse gas atomization.Its nutritive medium comprises: NH
4nO
3, KNO
3, KH
2pO
4, MgSO
47H
2o, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o, MnSO
44H
2o, H
3bO
3, ZnSO
47H
2o, Na
2moO
42H
2o, CuSO
45H
2o, FeSO
47H
2o, KI, Na
2-EDTA and CoCl
26H
2o.Open spraying nutritive medium after potato virus-free plantlet field planting at once; Spray intervals is: 5d before Seeding planting, and spray time is that every 5min sprays 15s; Then spray time is adjusted to 10min and sprays 15s, then spray 5d; Finally spray time is adjusted to 20min and sprays 15s.The potato plant photosynthesis adopting this invention nutritive medium to obtain strengthens, plant height, stem are slightly apparently higher than technology at that time, Mineral Elements Content significantly improves, ultimate capacity and quality are all better than other prior aries, potato plant is not only made to be in comparatively suitable growth conditions, excavate the production potential of potato to greatest extent, solve the problems such as the potato core little potato production cycle is long, simple grain weight is low, individual plant knot potato quantity is few.Decrease production cost, add the validity of nutritive medium.
2, CN101781148A, potato spray culture nutrient solution and preparation method thereof
This invention comprises mother liquor A, mother liquor B, mother solution C, mother liquor D and mother liquor E, described mother liquor A comprises the raw material of following weight volume ratio: saltpetre 30-40g/L, potassium primary phosphate 20-30g/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 35-40g/L, three water Sytron 4.0-5.0g/L, surplus is water; Mother liquor B comprises the raw material of following weight volume ratio: four water-calcium nitrate 45-55g/L, and surplus is water; Mother solution C comprises the raw material of following weight volume ratio: potassiumiodide 0.8-0.9g/L, boric acid 6.0-7.0g/L, four water manganous sulfate 22-23g/L, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate 8.0-9.0g/L, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate 0.2-0.3g/L, CoCL2 6H2O 0.025-0.03g/L, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.02-0.03g/L, surplus is water; Mother liquor D comprises the raw material of following weight volume ratio: urea 100-200g/L, and surplus is water; Mother liquor E comprises the raw material of following weight volume ratio: potassium primary phosphate 100-200g/L, and surplus is water.
3, CN1207866A, matrix-less potato cultivating method and equipment
This invention belongs to the technical field that seed potato breeds soilless culture.Detoxification test tube plantlet is educated strong sprout in Erlenmeyer flask, to 8 leaves, to be soaked in the naphthylacetic acid of 20ppm 2-4 hours, cuttage is in the field planting hole of cultivation bed, by Timer Controlling water pump every 3-5 minute hydrojet once, each 30-50 second, liquid, from shower nozzle atomisation, falls into mother liquor in field planting groove from liquid returning tube from flowing back to fluid storage tank.Nutritive medium in fluid storage tank is diluted by A, B, C, D tetra-kinds of mother liquor and forms, and solution temperature is at 18-21 DEG C, and every two weeks is changed once.
Above-mentioned 3 kinds of patents all do not have the potato aerosol training that is applied to of mass-producing to produce, and patent 2 is a kind of mist cultivation nutrient fluid just, and mist does not train the method for producing.It is too simple that the mist culture method of patent 3 describes, and is difficult to reach the effect that this patent is write in production application.It is comparatively detailed that patent 2 mist culture method describes, but wherein have many defects, and the planting stock of one, this patent is directly used in mist training after direct test-tube plantlet hardening, and not through process in strong sprout, test-tube plantlet is very slim and frahile, or greatly affects the surviving rate of planting stock.Two, do not have moisturizing after test-tube plantlet field planting well, can affect its surviving rate equally, early stage, the spraying 15s time was too short in addition, can affect potato and take root.Four, should be noted that when planting stock grows into 30cm and draw seedling, avoid potato tuber length in field planting hole.Five, mist training casing is not through sterilization, can increase the probability that potato catches an illness.Six, disease is not prevented in potato production process, probably cause the outburst of certain disease and make production failure.Seven, do not control its growing way when the potato growth most productive period, potato physiological growth can be caused too much to reduce knot potato rate, also can increase disease occurrence probability.Potato eight, after results does not have chemicals treatment to dry rear warehouse-in, may cause extensive rotten potato.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides nutritive medium and method that potato primary stock is produced in the training of a kind of mist.
The nutritive medium of potato primary stock is produced in mist training provided by the invention, and this nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Macroelement:
NH
4NO
3：95-700mg/L、
KH
2PO
4：180-833mg/L、
KNO
3：507-2817mg/L、
MgSO
4·7H
2O：148-476mg/L、
Ca(NO
3)
2·4H
2O：197-512mg/L、
NaCl：31-110mg/L；
Molysite:
Na
2·EDTA·2H
2O：37.3mg/L、
FeSO
4·7H
2O：27.8mg/L，
Trace element:
MnSO
4·4H
2O：1mg/L、
H
3BO
4：1.5mg/L、
ZnSO
4·7H
2O：2.3mg/L、
CuSO
4·5H
2O：0.75mg/L、
Na
2MoO
4·2H
2O：0.025mg/L、
CoCl
2·6H
2O：0.025mg/L；
All the other are water.
The method of potato primary stock is produced in mist training provided by the invention; start with from each link of large-scale production virus-free basic potato seed; comprise the detailed operation measure of each side such as the later process warehouse-in of nutritive medium, the strong sprout of tissue cultured seedling, the mist training sterilization of device, upper Miao Lamiao, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, potato harvest; to solve in mist training production because mist training management method is not good at causing mist training shoot survival percent low; it is low that individual plant terminates rate; there is disease and pest, the problem that the excessive growth of mist training seedling causes original silkworm egg output to reduce.
Technical scheme: segmentation introduction is taked to Virus-free Tube Potato Plantlets mist culture method: comprise the following steps:
One, screening high-quality seed potato, stem apex detoxify is carried out to it, tissue culture fast-propagation is started after Viral diagnosis and field test (eliminating variation strain), water planting strong sprout is started after tissue cultured seedling 20-30 days, the potato height that clip 10-15cm is long after 10-15 days carries out field planting strong sprout, cut seedling scissors used with 75% alcohol disinfecting.Middle all links all will note the sterilization of environment, operator and the instrument of use.
Two, the preparation of Wu Pei solarium:
The casing of Greenhouse and aeroponics cleans up at cultivation Miao Qianyao, casing formalin 200 times of solution of 40% of aeroponics, 800 times of potassium permanganate solutions or 500 times of derosal etc. are sterilized thoroughly and clean 2 to 3 times, and by 40% missible oil of omethoate 50 milliliters, convert the proportions insecticide solution spraying desinsection of 60-80 kg water.
Solarium evenly hangs yellow plate, whether has aphid to detect, once find aphid, takes desinsection measure immediately, can spray the medicine such as SD-1750 or Provado and kill aphid.
Three, mist training seedling field planting
Clip height is 10-15cm, and stem is slightly the Rooted Cuttings of about 2mm, is colonizated in the culture hole of mist training cultivation plate, and wherein, the young plant root sheared off is soak 15 minutes in the NAA solution of the 100mg/L of 5.8-6.0 at pH, is then colonizated in culture hole; Tweezers used will be cultivated, after drying with 75% alcohol disinfecting, clamp bottom seedling with tweezers, the hand steered firmly seedling top of another, young plant is vertically put into the culture hole of cover plate, should ensure that exposing field planting plate 2cm-3cm bottom young plant fully touches nutritive medium to make root, ensures 2-3 sheet leaf again as far as possible and exposes culture hole.
Four, seedling management
After field planting, open mist training device, spray nutritious liquor, the nutrient solution spray time is set to spraying in every 5 minutes 30 seconds before planting seedling rooting, planting stock is set to spray 30s, evening (namely between evening 6 to morning 8) 30-40min of daytime (namely early between 8 to evening 6) every 10-20min and sprays 30s after taking root.Planting stock take root before every day spray nutritious liquor amount be 154.4-185.6L/m
2; Planting stock take root after daytime nutritive medium the amount of spraying be 17.0-40.4L/m
2; Evening, the amount of spraying of nutritive medium was 12.0-19.8L/m
2; The nutritive medium amount of spraying is by electric pump power and the decision such as flow, range of atomizer being placed in bottom half.Weekly one-time detection is carried out to the pH of nutritive medium, use HNO
3or NaOH solution regulates about pH to 5.8, adds root-growing agent in right amount in the nutritive medium before taking root.
Before taking root, here every day withers to prevent seedling to mist training seedling foliage-spray moisture sooner or later, during this period, sunshine time requires 13-15 hour/day Guang Zhao≤2000lux, and the temperature of nutritive medium remains on 18 DEG C-20 DEG C, and solarium's temperature about 25 DEG C, humidity 70%-80% are advisable.Note the growing way of observing young plant every day, the running (as water spray, nutritive medium water level) of fog system, a series of situation such as the humiture of solarium.
Five, middle term management
1, equipment control: carefully will check whether shower nozzle blocks (backwater place wants emphasis inspection), and whether motor normally runs, and strainer will often clean, and general 1 to 2 weeks will be taken turns and be changed cleaning once every day.Be also noted that whether tilt, whether nutritive medium can reflux in time, will adjust casing in time if go wrong if observing whole casing, make casing recover normal.In addition will keep for a long time can not power-off, if occur, power failure will process in time, and manually sprays water to young plant.
2, seed and seedling management:
Field planting is when after one month, stolon onset starts to tie potato, and be pulled down in cultivation bed by 3-5 stipes i.e. about 5cm, before drawing seedling, available scraper removes 1-2 bottom of the blade, is convenient to drop-down; To ensure root and stolon completely under plate, to prevent indivedual potato from tying in culture hole, blocking duct, causes mist to train seedling death and culture hole distortion.When seedling grows to 30 cm, when starting to tie potato, every 7-10 days sprays the medicament once preventing late blight.
Mist training Miao Yese to be observed every day whether normal, with or without scab, with or without here withering; Young plant root system whether normal (potato set root system is normally full, and color is pure white).If have potato or other foreign material to remove in time in casing.Mid-term, young plant growing way was vigorous, prevent the undue excessive growth of young plant, thus impact knot potato.
Aeroponics mainly prevents fungal disease early blight, late blight and bacterial disease ring rot, bacterial wilt.Generally within every 2 weeks, play a sterilant, within every two weeks, spray a sterilant.Also regularly appropriate broad-spectrum germicide can be added in nutritive medium.Once find diseased plant, should pull out immediately and take prophylactico-therapeutic measures.
3, Temperature and Humidity Control in booth
Morning, noon and afternoon every day will record the temperature and humidity in booth, the training of potato mist is responsive to planting environment reaction, and when groove humidity is large, envrionment temperature is higher, in groove, stolon generates in a large number and often forms the axillalry bud of yellow, a large amount of nutrient can be consumed, affect stem tuber and expand.Need to open sunshade net, cascade and ventilating fan according to practical situation, regulate the humiture in booth, meet potato growth as much as possible and grow and tie the humiture requirement in potato stage.
4, nutrient management:
The formula of nutritive medium mainly comprises the elements such as N P and K, academy of agricultural sciences is after improveing based on the formula of potato MS nutrient solution, the concentration ratio of N P and K is suitably adjusted according to potato different growing, also to pay special attention to regulate the pH value of nutritive medium to about 6.0 in the knot potato phase, build the optimum environment of knot potato.Generally, add one time of nutrition liquid weekly, within every 2 weeks, change one time of nutrition liquid.When changing nutritive medium, remaining nutritive medium all be taken out, pond is cleaned out, add after clear water rinses and take out, want general cleaning once depending on nutrition pond about situation at that time January, managerial personnel will go down and carefully clear up and sterilize once.
Nutrient solution prescription table:
Macroelement:
NH
4NO
3：95-700mg/L、
KH
2PO
4：180-833mg/L、
KNO
3：507-2817mg/L、
MgSO
4·7H
2O：148-476mg/L、
Ca(NO
3)
2·4H
2O：197-512mg/L、
NaCl：31-110mg/L；
Molysite:
Na
2·EDTA·2H
2O：37.3mg/L、
FeSO
4·7H
2O：27.8mg/L，
Trace element:
MnSO
4·4H
2O：1mg/L、
H
3BO
4：1.5mg/L、
ZnSO
4·7H
2O：2.3mg/L、
CuSO
4·5H
2O：0.75mg/L、
Na
2MoO
4·2H
2O：0.025mg/L、
CoCl
2·6H
2O：0.025mg/L；
All the other are water.
Six, the results of potato seed
Early maturing variety is short for breeding time, generally within about 60 days, can gather in the crops original silkworm egg in growth, and knot potato is more concentrated.Late variety is long for breeding time, and knot potato quantity, more than early maturing variety, generally could be gathered in the crops in growth for about 75 days.Because the ripening degree of potato seed is different, gather in the crops so will carry out, general 7-10 days results once by stages.
Start to gather during micro potato 3-5g, front group after group at different time is gathered, and terminates rear disposablely to gather breeding time; Disposable gather before first spray airing 5-7 days after clear water 2-3 days, treat that potato plant withers warehouse-in of being gathered by remaining seed potato here.
After epidermis nutrient is first rinsed well by the micro potato of gathering, then in 0.5% derosal and 0.5% gram of dew (or metaxanin) solution, soaked for 10 seconds, taking-up is dried, and is then stored in storehouse.If need long-term preservation, (progressively should lower the temperature, fall 2 ~ 4 degree every day) under the micro potato of gathering should being kept at 2 ~ 4 degree, in the freezer of humidity 80 more than ﹪, below gas concentration lwevel 2500ppm.
After potato seed has been gathered in the crops, Greenhouse and casing, pond will conscientiously clean up, and casing be wiped clean formalin 200 times of solution or 800 times of disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of rear use 40%, repeat flushing 2 to 3 times again after sterilization, use when next time plants seedling.
For the control of aphid during middle term management:
Potato virus disease is mainly through aphis propagation, so had better not weeds be had in one meter around Greenhouse, and be strictly on guard against and start a leak, prevent the aphid of outside from flying into, Greenhouse gate will arrange buffer zone, all staff on board passes in and out and closes the door in time, will shut window, unrelated person same No Admittance when vent fan cuts out.A yellow plate to be hung every 5 meters in buffer zone and Greenhouse, whether the yellow plate of Real Time Observation there is aphid, find that prevent and treat in time appears in aphid, optional medicament has 10% omethoate emulsion, 1000 times of liquid, Malathion emulsion 1000 to 1500 times of liquid and DDT EC 1000 times of liquid.Particularly must regularly prevent and treat at local aphid nomadic phase (when such as local rape harvest is complete).Yellow plate will change once about according to circumstances January.
During middle term management, tethelin uses:
Owing to nourishing and growing in aeroponics its condition in greenhouse its plant top very suitable, if can not temperature be reduced, so must before it soon enters the growth most productive period, spray the uniconazole of 10-30ppm, weekly, spray 2 to 3 times continuously, control it and nourish and grow, prevent excessive growth, do not tie potato, tie the few situation of potato.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The growth of the nutritive medium potato preferably of potato primary stock is produced in mist training provided by the invention, mist training provided by the invention produces the method planting stock surviving rate of potato primary stock up to more than 99%, the great outburst of popular disease is there will not be in potato production process, average knot potato quantity is 20-40 grain because kind is variant, and after warehouse-in of gathering, rotten potato rate is 2%-3%.
Embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment one
Place: solarium of crop institute of academy of agricultural sciences of Sichuan Province, area is about 2000m
2.
Embodiment:
1. screening high-quality potato, carries out stem apex detoxify to it, after Viral diagnosis and field test (eliminating variation strain), start tissue culture quick breeding.
2. tissue cultured seedling starts water planting strong sprout that (Rooted Cuttings is respectively 2cm according to spacing in the rows and line-spacing for 25 days later, the density of every square metre of 2500 seedlings is cultivated, the cystose had openning hole need be prepared in advance, on plate, pitch of holes is 2cm, bore dia is 5mm), the potato set that clip 10-15cm is long after 15 days carries out field planting, cut seedling scissors used with 75% alcohol disinfecting.Middle all links all will note the sterilization of environment, operator and the instrument of use.
3. the casing of Greenhouse and aeroponics cleaned up in cultivation seedling first half of the month, casing formalin 200 times of solution of 40% of aeroponics, 800 times of potassium permanganate solutions or 500 times of derosal etc. are sterilized thoroughly and clean 2 to 3 times, and by 40% missible oil of omethoate 50 milliliters, convert the proportions insecticide solution spraying desinsection of 60-80 kg water.Hang yellow board monitoring in solarium and whether have aphid, once find aphid, take desinsection measure immediately, the medicine such as SD-1750 or Provado can be sprayed and kill aphid.
4. be 10-15cm by the height sheared off, stem slightly soaks 15 minutes in the NAA solution (pH is transferred to 5.8-6.0) of 100mg/L for the water culture of potato shoot root portion of about 2mm, then field planting.Tweezers used will be cultivated, after drying with 75% alcohol disinfecting, clamp bottom seedling with tweezers, the hand steered firmly seedling top of another, young plant is vertically put into the culture hole of cover plate, should ensure to expose cover plate 2cm-3cm bottom young plant, namely root fully touches nutritive medium, ensures 2-3 sheet leaf again as far as possible and exposes culture hole.
5. open mist training device after field planting, spray nutritious liquor, every 5 minutes spraying 30s before nutrient solution spray time cultivation seedling rooting, every day, the amount of spray nutritious liquor was 154.4-185.6L/m
2; Planting stock is set to daytime namely early between 8 to evening 6 after taking root, every 10-20min spraying 30s, the amount of spraying of nutritive medium is 17.0-40.4L/m
2; Arrive early between 8 in the evening i.e. evening 6, every 30-40min spraying 30s; The amount of spraying of nutritive medium is 12.0-19.8L/m
2; Weekly one-time detection is carried out to the pH of nutritive medium, use HNO
3or NaOH solution regulates about pH to 5.8, adds root-growing agent in right amount in the nutritive medium before taking root.Before taking root, every day prevents seedling from here withering to mist training seedling blade face water spray sooner or later, and during this period, sunshine time requires 13-15 hour/day, and Guang Zhao≤2000lux, the temperature of nutritive medium remains on 18 DEG C-20 DEG C, solarium's temperature about 25 DEG C, humidity 70%-80%.
6. field planting is when after one month, namely stolon onset starts to tie potato, and be pulled down in cultivation bed by 3-5 stipes i.e. about 5cm, before drawing seedling, available scraper removes 1-2 bottom of the blade, is convenient to drop-down; To ensure root and stolon completely under plate, in case indivedual potato knot is in culture hole, blocking duct, causes mist to train seedling death and culture hole distortion.
7., when potato soon enters the growth most productive period, during this period because temperature rises very fast, very suitable potato top grows fast, and this solarium can not temperature control, therefore needs the uniconazole spraying 20ppm, weekly, spray 2 to 3 times continuously, control it and nourish and grow.
8. start when potato enters the growth most productive period to prevent potato early late blight, within general about one week, spray a sterilant, protectiveness and systemic fungicide will use in turn.All to note preventing bacterial wilt during whole breeding time, agricultural Vetstrep or waxy Bacillus can be added in nutritive medium.
9. start to gather during micro potato 3-5g, front group after group at different time is gathered, and terminates rear disposablely to gather breeding time, disposable gather before first spray airing 5-7 days after clear water 2-3 days, treat to be gathered by remaining seed potato after here potato withers warehouse-in.Be housed in by the micro potato of gathering temperature 2-4 DEG C (progressively should lower the temperature, fall 2-4 degree every day), humidity more than 80%, in the freezer of below gas concentration lwevel 2500ppm.
Nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Macroelement:
NH
4NO
3：95-700mg/L、KH
2PO
4：180-833mg/L、KNO
3：507-2817mg/L、MgSO
4·7H
2O：148-476mg/L、Ca(NO
3)
2·4H
2O：197-512mg/L、NaCl：31-110mg/L；
Molysite: Na
2eDTA2H
2o:37.3mg/L, FeSO
47H
2o:27.8mg/L, trace element: MnSO
44H
2o:1mg/L, H
3bO
4: 1.5mg/L, ZnSO
47H
2o:2.3mg/L, CuSO
45H
2o:0.75mg/L, Na
2moO
42H
2o:0.025mg/L, CoCl
26H
2o:0.025mg/L, all the other are water.The consumption of macroelement can to have floating a little each period at potato growth, and early stage, nitrogen content was slightly many, and the later stage needs to improve potassium content; Molysite and micronutrient levels are then constant.Early stage refers to the potato seedling phase, and in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4nO
3: 700mg/L, KH
2pO
4: 345mg/L, KNO
3: 562mg/L, MgSO
47H
2o:148mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o:512mg/L, NaCl:31mg/L, mid-term refers to tuber initiation stage, and in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4nO
3: 426mg/L, KH
2pO
4: 517mg/L, KNO
3: 521mg/L, MgSO
47H
2o:282.5mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o:378mg/L, NaCl:76mg/L, the later stage be stem tuber rise period-the starch accumulation phase, in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4nO
3: 95mg/L, KH
2pO
4: 790mg/L, KNO
3: 2325mg/L, MgSO
47H
2o:476mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o:197mg/L, NaCl:110mg/L; Also to pay special attention to regulate the pH value of nutritive medium to about 6.0 in the knot potato phase, build the optimum environment of knot potato.Generally, add one time of nutrition liquid weekly, within every 2 weeks, change one time of nutrition liquid.When changing nutritive medium, remaining nutritive medium all be taken out, pond is cleaned out, add after clear water rinses and take out, want general cleaning once depending on nutrition pond about situation at that time January, managerial personnel will go down and carefully clear up and sterilize once.
In mist training process, carefully to check whether shower nozzle blocks (backwater place wants emphasis inspection), and whether motor normally runs, and strainer will often clean, and general 1 to 2 weeks will be taken turns and be changed cleaning once every day.Be also noted that whether tilt, whether nutritive medium can reflux in time, will adjust casing in time if go wrong if observing whole casing, make casing recover normal.In addition will keep for a long time can not power-off, if occur, power failure will process in time, and manually sprays water to young plant.
In mist training process, morning, noon and afternoon every day will record the temperature and humidity in booth, and the training of potato mist is responsive to planting environment reaction, when groove humidity is large, envrionment temperature is higher, in groove, stolon generates in a large number and often forms the axillalry bud of yellow, can consume a large amount of nutrient, affects stem tuber and expands.Need to open sunshade net, cascade and ventilating fan according to practical situation, regulate the humiture in booth, meet potato growth as much as possible and grow and tie the humiture requirement in potato stage.
After potato seed has been gathered in the crops, Greenhouse and casing, pond will conscientiously clean up, and casing be wiped clean formalin 200 times of solution or 800 times of disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of rear use 40%, repeat flushing 2 to 3 times again after sterilization, use when next time plants seedling.
Embodiment two
Place: toxicity-removing white potato potato seed High-efficient Production base, academy of agricultural sciences of CIP Sichuan Province, area about 5000 ㎡
1. screening high-quality potato detoxicating, starts tissue culture quick breeding through Viral diagnosis and after eliminating variation strain.
2. tissue cultured seedling starts water planting strong sprout for 30 days later, and the potato set that after 15 days, clip 10-15cm is long carries out field planting, cut seedling scissors used with 75% alcohol disinfecting.Middle all links all will note the sterilization of environment, operator and the instrument of use.
3. the casing of Greenhouse and aeroponics cleans up at cultivation Miao Qianyao, casing formalin 200 times of solution of 40% of aeroponics, 800 times of potassium permanganate solutions or 500 times of derosal etc. are sterilized thoroughly and clean 2 to 3 times, and by 40% missible oil of omethoate 50 milliliters, convert the proportions insecticide solution spraying desinsection of 60-80 kg water, hang yellow board monitoring in solarium and whether have aphid, once find aphid, take desinsection measure immediately, the medicine such as SD-1750 or Provado can be sprayed and kill aphid.
4. will be highly 10-15cm, stem be slightly about 2mm water culture of potato seedling, be colonizated in the culture hole of mist training cultivation plate, wherein, the young plant root sheared off soaks 15 minutes in the NAA solution (pH is transferred to 5.8-6.0) of 100mg/L, tweezers used will be cultivated, after drying with 75% alcohol disinfecting, clamp bottom seedling with tweezers, the hand steered firmly young plant top of another, young plant is vertically put into the culture hole of cover plate, should ensure to expose cover plate 2cm-3cm bottom young plant and root fully touches nutritive medium, ensure 2-3 sheet leaf again as far as possible and expose culture hole.
5. open mist training device after field planting, spray nutritious liquor, every 5 minutes spraying 30s before nutrient solution spray time cultivation seedling rooting, every day, the amount of spray nutritious liquor was 154.4-185.6L/m
2; Planting stock is set to daytime namely early between 8 to evening 6 after taking root, every 10-20min spraying 30s, the amount of spraying of nutritive medium is 17.0-40.4L/m
2, evening i.e. evening 6, every 30-40min spraying 30s, the amount of spraying of nutritive medium was 12.0-19.8L/m to early between 8
2; Weekly one-time detection is carried out to the pH of nutritive medium, use HNO
3or NaOH solution regulates about pH to 5.8, adds root-growing agent in right amount in the nutritive medium before taking root.Before taking root, every day prevents seedling from here withering to mist training seedling blade face water spray sooner or later, and during this period, sunshine time requires 13-15 hour/day, and Guang Zhao≤2000lux, the temperature of nutritive medium remains on 18 DEG C-20 DEG C, solarium's temperature about 25 DEG C, humidity 70%-80%.
6. field planting is when after one month, namely stolon onset starts to tie potato, and be pulled down in cultivation bed by 3-5 stipes i.e. about 5cm, before drawing seedling, available scraper removes 1-2 bottom of the blade, is convenient to drop-down; To ensure root and stolon completely under plate, in case indivedual potato knot is in culture hole, blocking duct, causes mist to train seedling death and culture hole distortion.When seedling grows to 30 cm, when starting to tie potato, every 7-10 days sprays the medicament once preventing late blight.Mist training Miao Yese to be observed every day whether normal, with or without scab, with or without here withering; Young plant root system whether normal (potato set root system is normally full, and color is pure white).If have potato or other foreign material to remove in time in casing.
7., when potato soon enters the growth most productive period, open greenhouse temperature control facility, in order to avoid temperature is too high cause potato excessive growth.
8. start when potato enters the growth most productive period to prevent potato early late blight, within general about one week, spray a sterilant, protectiveness and systemic fungicide will use in turn.All to note preventing bacterial wilt during whole breeding time, agricultural Vetstrep or waxy Bacillus can be added in nutritive medium.
9. start to gather during micro potato 3-5g, front group after group at different time is gathered, and terminate rear disposablely to gather breeding time, be housed in temperature 2-4 DEG C (progressively should lower the temperature, fall 2-4 degree every day), humidity more than 80%, in the freezer of below gas concentration lwevel 2500ppm.
Nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Macroelement:
NH
4NO
3：95-700mg/L、KH
2PO
4：180-833mg/L、KNO
3：507-2817mg/L、MgSO
4·7H
2O：148-476mg/L、Ca(NO
3)
2·4H
2O：197-512mg/L、NaCl：31-110mg/L；
Molysite: Na
2eDTA2H
2o:37.3mg/L, FeSO
47H
2o:27.8mg/L; Trace element: MnSO
44H
2o:1mg/L, H
3bO
4: 1.5mg/L, ZnSO
47H
2o:2.3mg/L, CuSO
45H
2o:0.75mg/L, Na
2moO
42H
2o:0.025mg/L, CoCl
26H
2o:0.025mg/L, all the other are water.The consumption of macroelement to have floating a little each period at potato growth, and preferably early stage, nitrogen content was slightly many, and the later stage can improve potassium content; Molysite and micronutrient levels are then constant.Early stage refers to the potato seedling phase, and in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4nO
3: 700mg/L, KH
2pO
4: 345mg/L, KNO
3: 536mg/L, MgSO
47H
2o:148mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o:197mg/L, NaCl:31mg/L, mid-term refers to tuber initiation stage, and in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4nO
3: 513mg/L, KH
2pO
4: 517mg/L, KNO
3: 507mg/L, MgSO
47H
2o:282.5mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o:378mg/L, NaCl:76mg/L, the later stage be stem tuber rise period-the starch accumulation phase, in optional nutritive medium, macroelement is: NH
4nO
3: 650mg/L, KH
2pO
4: 790mg/L, KNO
3: 2180mg/L, MgSO
47H
2o:476mg/L, Ca (NO
3)
24H
2o:512mg/L, NaCl:110mg/L; Also to pay special attention to regulate the pH value of nutritive medium to about 6.0 in the knot potato phase, build the optimum environment of knot potato.Generally, add one time of nutrition liquid weekly, within every 2 weeks, change one time of nutrition liquid.When changing nutritive medium, remaining nutritive medium all be taken out, pond is cleaned out, add after clear water rinses and take out, want general cleaning once depending on nutrition pond about situation at that time January, managerial personnel will go down and carefully clear up and sterilize once.
In mist training process, carefully to check whether shower nozzle blocks (backwater place wants emphasis inspection), and whether motor normally runs, and strainer will often clean, and general 1 to 2 weeks will be taken turns and be changed cleaning once every day.Be also noted that whether tilt, whether nutritive medium can reflux in time, will adjust casing in time if go wrong if observing whole casing, make casing recover normal.In addition will keep for a long time can not power-off, if occur, power failure will process in time, and manually sprays water to young plant.
In mist training process, morning, noon and afternoon every day will record the temperature and humidity in booth, and the training of potato mist is responsive to planting environment reaction, when groove humidity is large, envrionment temperature is higher, in groove, stolon generates in a large number and often forms the axillalry bud of yellow, can consume a large amount of nutrient, affects stem tuber and expands.Need to open sunshade net, cascade and ventilating fan according to practical situation, regulate the humiture in booth, meet potato growth as much as possible and grow and tie the humiture requirement in potato stage.
After potato seed has been gathered in the crops, Greenhouse and casing, pond will conscientiously clean up, and casing be wiped clean formalin 200 times of solution or 800 times of disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of rear use 40%, repeat flushing 2 to 3 times again after sterilization, use when next time plants seedling.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (5)
1. the method for potato primary stock is produced in mist training; it is characterized in that: it is the method for large-scale production virus-free basic potato seed; comprise the process warehouse-in each side that nutritive medium, the strong sprout of tissue cultured seedling, the mist training sterilization of device, upper Miao Lamiao, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, potato harvest are later, comprise the following steps:
(1), screening high-quality seed potato, stem apex detoxify is carried out to it, eliminate after variation strain through Viral diagnosis and field test and start tissue culture fast-propagation, water planting strong sprout is started after tissue cultured seedling 20-30 days, the potato height that clip 10-15cm is long after 10-15 days carries out field planting strong sprout, cut seedling scissors used with 75% alcohol disinfecting;
(2), the preparation of Wu Pei solarium:
The casing of Greenhouse and aeroponics cleans up at cultivation Miao Qianyao, casing formalin 200 times of solution of 40% of aeroponics, 800 times of potassium permanganate solutions or 500 times of derosal are sterilized thoroughly and clean 2 to 3 times, and by 40% missible oil of omethoate 50 milliliters, convert the proportions insecticide solution spraying desinsection of 60-80 kg water;
Solarium evenly hangs yellow plate, whether has aphid to detect, once find aphid, takes desinsection measure immediately;
(3), mist training seedling field planting
Clip height is 10-15cm, and stem is slightly the Rooted Cuttings of about 2mm, is colonizated in the culture hole of mist training cultivation plate, and wherein, the young plant root sheared off is soak 15 minutes in the NAA solution of the 100mg/L of 5.8-6.0 at pH, is then colonizated in culture hole; Tweezers used will be cultivated, after drying with 75% alcohol disinfecting, clamp bottom seedling with tweezers, the hand steered firmly seedling top of another, vertically put into the culture hole of cover plate, should ensure that exposing cover plate 2cm-3cm bottom young plant fully touches nutritive medium to make root, ensures 2-3 sheet leaf again as far as possible and exposes culture hole;
(4), seedling management
After field planting, open mist training device, spray nutritious liquor, the nutrient solution spray time: planting stock is set to spraying in every 5 minutes 30 seconds before taking root, planting stock is set to every 10-20min spraying on daytime 30s after taking root, 30-40min spraying in evening 30s; Weekly one-time detection is carried out to the pH of nutritive medium, use HNO
3or NaOH solution regulates about pH to 5.8, can add root-growing agent in the nutritive medium before taking root;
Before taking root, here every day withers to prevent seedling to mist training seedling foliage-spray moisture sooner or later, and during this period, sunshine time requires 13-15 hour/day, illumination >=2000lux, and the temperature of nutritive medium remains on 18 DEG C-20 DEG C, solarium's temperature about 25 DEG C, humidity 70%-80%; Note the growing way of observing young plant every day, the running of fog system and a series of situation of the humiture of solarium;
(5), middle term management
(1), equipment control: carefully will check whether shower nozzle blocks, and whether motor normally runs, and strainer will often clean every day, be also noted that whether observe whole casing tilts, whether nutritive medium can reflux in time, will adjust casing in time if go wrong, and makes casing recover normal; In addition will keep for a long time can not power-off, if occur, power failure will process in time, and manually sprays water to young plant;
(2), seed and seedling management:
Field planting is when after one month, stolon onset starts to tie potato, and be pulled down in cultivation bed by 3-5 stipes i.e. about 5cm, before drawing seedling, available scraper removes 1-2 bottom of the blade, is convenient to drop-down; To ensure root and stolon completely under plate, to prevent indivedual potato from tying in culture hole, blocking duct, causes mist to train seedling death and culture hole distortion; When seedling grows to 30 cm, when starting to tie potato, every 7-10 days sprays the medicament once preventing late blight;
Mist training Miao Yese to be observed every day whether normal, with or without scab, with or without here withering; Whether young plant root system is normal, if having potato or other foreign material to remove in time in casing, mid-term, young plant growing way was vigorous, prevent the undue excessive growth of young plant, thus impact knot potato;
Aeroponics mainly prevents fungal disease early blight, late blight and bacterial disease ring rot, bacterial wilt; Within every 2 weeks, play a sterilant, within every two weeks, spray a sterilant; Or regularly in nutritive medium, add appropriate broad-spectrum germicide; Once find diseased plant, should pull out immediately and pesticide grown treatment;
(3), Temperature and Humidity Control in booth
Morning, noon and afternoon every day will record the temperature and humidity in booth, need to open sunshade net, cascade and ventilating fan according to practical situation, regulate the humiture in booth, grow to meet potato growth and tie the humiture requirement in potato stage;
(4), nutrient management:
Also to pay special attention to regulate the pH value of nutritive medium to about 6.0 in the knot potato phase, build the optimum environment of knot potato, add one time of nutrition liquid weekly, within every 2 weeks, change one time of nutrition liquid, when changing nutritive medium, remaining nutritive medium all be taken out, pond is cleaned out, add after clear water rinses and take out, want general cleaning once depending on nutrition pond about situation at that time January, managerial personnel will go down and carefully clear up and sterilize once;
(6), the results of potato seed
Because the ripening degree of potato seed is different, gather in the crops so will carry out, general 7-10 days results once by stages;
Start to gather during micro potato 3-5g, front group after group at different time is gathered, and terminates rear disposablely to gather breeding time; Disposable gather before first spray clear water 2-3 days after, airing 5-7 days, treats that potato plant withers warehouse-in of being gathered by remaining seed potato here;
After epidermis nutrient is first rinsed well by the micro potato of gathering, then reveal in solution 0.5% derosal and 0.5% gram or soaked for 10 seconds in 0.5% derosal and 0.5% metaxanin solution, taking-up is dried, and is then stored in storehouse; When needing to preserve for a long time, under the micro potato of gathering should being kept at 2 ~ 4 degree, humidity more than 80%, in the freezer of below gas concentration lwevel 2500ppm, wherein temperature should progressively be lowered the temperature, and falls 2 ~ 4 degree every day;
Wherein,
Planting stock take root before every day spray nutritious liquor amount be 154.4-185.6L/m
2; Planting stock take root after daytime nutritive medium the amount of spraying be 17.0-40.4L/m
2; Evening, the amount of spraying of nutritive medium was 12.0-19.8L/m
2;
Greenhouse need build area without shade in, automatic photosensitive meter will be equipped with in indoor, thermometer, humidity take into account yellow plate, to monitor the growing environment of potato, mist training seedbed is far from ground 60-70cm, the wide 60cm of case, high 45cm, adjustable length, case internal layer warming plate adds black plastic film and wraps formation, note casing can not leak, cover plate as field planting plate, with black plastic film bag warming plate, on the cover board stamp the uniform small pores of 10cm × 15cm as culture hole, mark signature aperture on the film above aperture; Feed pipe is deep in casing, and feed pipe is evenly arranged shower nozzle;
Owing to nourishing and growing in aeroponics its condition in greenhouse its plant top very suitable, temperature need be reduced, or before it soon enters the growth most productive period, spray the uniconazole of 10-30ppm, weekly, spray 2 to 3 times continuously, control it and nourish and grow, prevent excessive growth, do not tie potato, tie the few situation of potato;
Potato virus disease is mainly through aphis propagation, so do not have weeds in one meter around Greenhouse, and be strictly on guard against and start a leak, prevent the aphid of outside from flying into, Greenhouse gate will arrange buffer zone, all staff on board passes in and out and closes the door in time, will shut window, unrelated person same No Admittance when vent fan cuts out; In buffer zone and Greenhouse, a yellow plate to be hung every 5 meters, whether the yellow plate of Real Time Observation has aphid, find that prevent and treat in time appears in aphid;
The anti-drug of choice agent that eliminates aphis has 10% omethoate emulsion, 1000 times of liquid, Malathion emulsion 1000 to 1500 times of liquid or DDT EC 1000 times of liquid.
2. the method for potato primary stock is produced in mist training according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: nutrient solution prescription is as follows:
Macroelement:
NH
4NO
3：95-700mg/L、
KH
2PO
4：180-833mg/L、
KNO
3：507-2817mg/L、
MgSO
4·7H
2O：148-476mg/L、
Ca(NO
3)
2·4H
2O：197-512mg/L、
NaCl：31-110mg/L；
Molysite:
Na
2·EDTA·2H
2O：37.3mg/L、
FeSO
4·7H
2O：27.8mg/L，
Trace element:
MnSO
4·4H
2O：1mg/L、
H
3BO
4：1.5mg/L、
ZnSO
4·7H
2O：2.3mg/L、
CuSO
4·5H
2O：0.75mg/L、
Na
2MoO
4·2H
2O：0.025mg/L、
CoCl
2·6H
2O：0.025mg/L；
All the other are water.
3. the method for potato primary stock is produced in mist according to claim 1 training, it is characterized in that: middle all links all will note the sterilization of environment, operator and the instrument of use.
4. the method for potato primary stock is produced in mist training according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: early maturing variety is short for breeding time, generally within about 60 days, can gather in the crops original silkworm egg in growth, and knot potato is more concentrated; Late variety is long for breeding time, and knot potato quantity, more than early maturing variety, generally could be gathered in the crops in growth for about 75 days.
5. the method for potato primary stock is produced in mist training according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: after potato seed has been gathered in the crops, Greenhouse and casing, pond will conscientiously clean up, casing to be wiped clean formalin 200 times of solution or 800 times of disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate of rear use 40%, repeat flushing 2 to 3 times again after sterilization, use when next time plants seedling.
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| CN104446827A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-25 | 吉林大学 | Nutrient solution applied to different growth and development stages of potato seeds in greenhouse aeroponics and cultivation method |
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| CN101781148B (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2012-10-24 | 庞淑敏 | Potato spray culture nutrient solution and preparation method thereof |
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