CN107182762B - Drought floating seedling raising method for fine-tube green onion in mountain - Google Patents
Drought floating seedling raising method for fine-tube green onion in mountain Download PDFInfo
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- CN107182762B CN107182762B CN201710587440.5A CN201710587440A CN107182762B CN 107182762 B CN107182762 B CN 107182762B CN 201710587440 A CN201710587440 A CN 201710587440A CN 107182762 B CN107182762 B CN 107182762B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a drought floating seedling raising method for mountain thin-pipe shallots, which mainly comprises the following steps: setting up a seedling greenhouse, setting up a seedling pool, preparing a seedling substrate, sterilizing, seeding, combining a dry-floating seedling tray, controlling pool water depth and greenhouse temperature at each stage of seedling, preventing and removing moss and green algae, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, fertilizing at each stage of seedling, and the like. Compared with the prior art, the seedling rate of the method is 60 percent higher than that of the field seedling of farmers, the seed consumption is only 1/3 of that of the field seedling, the seedlings are tidy and uniform, the transplanting survival rate is 98.4 percent on average, and the control effect on damping-off and damping-off of the seedling stage of the tubule shallot in the alpine is over 95 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop seedling breeding, in particular to a drought floating seedling raising method for mountain thin-pipe shallots.
Background
Herba Alii Fistulosi (Allium schoenoprosum) is perennial root plant of Allium genus of Liliaceae. The green onion has tender texture, thick fragrance and good quality, has important edible, medical, industrial and scientific research values, and is increasingly favored and valued by people.
The thin onion has spicy and fragrant smell and stronger spicy taste, and is one of the necessary products for cooking various dishes. The green onion contains volatile oil with pungent smell, so that the green onion can remove peculiar smell such as fishy smell and mutton smell in greasy dishes when being used for cooking, generate special aroma, stimulate secretion of digestive juice and promote appetite; meanwhile, the volatile capsaicin contained in the natural plant extract has strong sterilization capability, and when the capsaicin is discharged through sweat glands, respiratory tract and urinary system, the capsaicin can slightly stimulate secretion of related glands to play roles in sweating, eliminating phlegm and promoting urination, so that the resistance of a human body is improved, and respiratory infectious diseases are prevented; in addition, the traditional Chinese medicine composition can promote blood circulation, improve nervous system functions and prevent cardiovascular diseases and senile dementia; the product is rich in abundant vitamins and minerals, and has certain nutrition and health promotion effects.
The chives are planted, produced, processed and sold in large scale in mountain in China in recent years. The product is mainly exported to some countries in southeast Asia and western, is a vegetable variety with very high economic benefit, and has very broad development prospect.
But the onion seeds are small, the seedling root systems are shallow, and the fertilizer and water absorption capability is weak. Therefore, the quality of the raised seedlings is good and bad, and the yield is directly affected. The traditional soil seedling raising mode is generally adopted in China, and the problems of long seedling period, low survival rate after field planting, rough management, seed waste and the like exist. At present, the export foreign exchange vegetable in China develops rapidly, the increase of the global vegetable demand and the advent of the world provide a new opportunity for the vegetable export in China, the market share of the thin onion in China and abroad in recent years is increased, and the quality requirement is higher. As an important early stage of modern vegetable production, the quality of seedlings directly influences the overall quality of the vegetables after field planting. In order to produce high-standard thin-tube onion seedlings meeting the market requirements, a seedling raising technology with small seed consumption, large seedling raising amount, developed root system, high transplanting survival rate and strong seedlings is researched, the defect of the traditional seedling raising technology is overcome, and the method has great significance in promoting the healthy development of the mountain thin-tube onion industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a drought floating seedling raising method for mountain thin-tube shallots, which mainly comprises the following steps: setting up a seedling raising greenhouse, setting up a seedling raising pool, preparing a seedling raising substrate, sterilizing, seeding, combining a dry floating seedling raising tray, controlling the pool water depth and the greenhouse temperature at each stage of seedling raising, preventing and removing moss and green algae, preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, fertilizing at each stage of seedling raising and the like, so that the quality of seedlings is effectively ensured.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical measures:
the drought floating seedling raising method for the fine-tube green onion in the mountain comprises the following steps:
(1) Building seedling greenhouse
(2) Dry floating seedling raising device
The dry floating seedling raising device comprises a plurality of seedling raising units and seedling raising pools; a plurality of seedling raising units are distributed at the bottom of the seedling raising pool;
the seedling raising unit comprises a seedling raising tray and a tray, and the seedling raising tray is erected on the tray; the bottom of the seedling raising tray hole groove is provided with a first water permeable hole; the bottom of the tray is provided with upward bulges corresponding to gaps among the bottoms of the holes and grooves of the seedling raising tray, and when the seedling raising tray is erected on the tray, the heights of the bulges are higher than Kong Caode; the bottom of the tray corresponds to the bottom of each hole groove of the seedling raising tray, and is provided with a second water permeable hole, and the seedling raising tray comprises a seedling raising matrix;
(3) Preparing seedling substrate
Preparing seedling raising matrix according to the mass ratio of peat to perlite=2:1-4, and mixing the matrix with water to wet the matrix, wherein the water content is 60-80%;
(4) Seedling tray sterilization
The new disc is not disinfected, and the old disc is disinfected by potassium permanganate or formalin or bleaching liquid for use;
(5) Matrix dishing and seeding
Filling the prepared substrate into a seedling raising tray, sowing 5-7 seeds in holes, putting the seeds in the center of the holes, and covering the seedling raising substrate by 0.4-0.6cm after sowing;
(6) Temperature and pool water depth management
Sowing at 18-22 ℃ in daytime, controlling the water level in the tray to be above the hole groove of the seedling tray in the whole seedling stage, and controlling the greenhouse temperature: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the water is irrigation water containing fertilizer;
(7) Seedling Chi Qingtai and green algae control
(8) Pest control
(9) Fertilizing
30kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is dissolved in 4-8m 3 Obtaining irrigation water containing fertilizer in the step (6) in water; the irrigation water is used as a base fertilizer, and the additional fertilizer is added according to the application amount of the base fertilizer when the green onion seedlings grow to 5cm or the second green onion pipe grows out;
(10) Transplanting
In the above method, preferably, the thin onion is a european thin onion;
in the above-described method, preferably, the method for controlling the seedling Chi Qingtai and the green algae in the step (7) comprises: the mass fraction of CuSO is 98% every 3d after sowing 4 Spraying 2000 times of liquid, spraying for 3 times, 15L/667m each time 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the continuous overcast and rainy weather is more than or equal to 7 days after the spraying is carried out for three times, the mass fraction of CuSO is 98% after the rain is stopped 4 Spraying 2000 times of the liquid again.
In the above-described method, preferably, the pest control method includes: every 667m after sowing 2 Spraying 15L of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol 2000 times liquid for 1 time; then spraying once every 10-15d, and spraying the same dose of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol 2000 times liquid for 2-4 times in the seedling raising period; the physical method of yellow board trapping and killing is adopted to prevent and control fly imago and thrips pests, if the larvae are found, 2.5 percent of high-efficiency chlorofluoro is adoptedThe fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed for 1 time by 2000 times.
Compared with the conventional planting technology, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
compared with the traditional farmer field seedling method, the seedling method of the invention greatly reduces manpower and material resources, the seed quantity only needs 1/3 of the field seedling seeds, and the seedling rate is 60% higher than that of the farmer field seedling. The incidence rate of the traditional seedling blight and damping-off disease is generally up to 20%, the severity is up to 60%, miao San, the field planting is troublesome, the labor is wasted, and the survival rate is about 80%; the disease incidence rate in the seedling stage is lower than 5%, the seedlings are tidy and uniform, the seedlings are well lifted, the seedlings do not stick together, and the transplanting is fast; the root system is developed, the survival rate is more than 95%, the later growth is vigorous, and the morbidity is low. The seedling raising period is short, and only 50-60 days are needed from sowing to transplanting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combined dry-float seedling tray.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dry float seedling root system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dry-float seedling root system
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall situation of dry-float seedling.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dry float seedling device suitable for use with thin pipe shallots;
wherein: 1-seedling raising unit, 1-1-seedling raising tray, 1-1-first water permeable hole, 1-1-2-seedling raising substrate, 1-2-tray, 1-2-1-bulge, 2-seedling raising pond, 1-2-second water permeable hole and 3-seedling raising pond.
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of the tray;
wherein: 1-2-1-bulge and 1-2-2-second water permeable hole.
Detailed Description
The reagents used in the examples of the present invention were all commercially available ones, unless otherwise specified. The technical schemes are conventional schemes in the field unless specifically stated. The tubule onion used in the embodiments of the present invention is a european tubule onion.
Example 1:
the drought floating seedling raising method for the fine-tube green onion in the mountain comprises the following steps:
the planting point of this example was located at 10 mu in the eastern Fengchun, a town, by Lichuan city, enshiwa, hubei province.
(1) Building seedling greenhouse
An arch steel frame greenhouse with the length of 30m, the width of 6m and the height of 3.2m is built.
(2) Dry floating seedling raising device
The dry floating seedling raising device comprises a plurality of seedling raising units 1 and seedling raising ponds 2; a plurality of seedling raising units 1 are distributed at the bottom of the seedling raising pool 2;
the seedling raising unit 1 comprises a seedling raising tray 1-1 and a tray 1-2, wherein the seedling raising tray 1-1 is erected on the tray 1-2; the bottom of the hole groove of the seedling raising tray 1-1 is provided with a first water permeable hole 1-1-1; the bottom of the tray 1-2 is provided with upward bulges 1-2-1 corresponding to gaps among the bottoms of all the holes of the seedling tray, and when the seedling tray is erected on the tray, the heights of the bulges are higher than Kong Caode; the bottom of the tray corresponds to the bottom of each hole groove of the seedling raising tray, and is provided with a second water permeable hole 1-2-2.
The seedling tray comprises seedling matrixes 1-1-2;
the seedling raising tray is 98-hole seedling raising tray made of polystyrene, and has a thickness of 1mm, a tray length of 54cm, a tray width of 26cm and a tray height of 6cm.
After the seedling raising tray is erected on the tray, the distance between the bottom of the hole groove in the seedling raising tray and the bottom of the tray is 1cm. Building a seedling raising pond:
soil in the seedling raising greenhouse is leveled, a seedling raising pool is built by bricks with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 20cm, the length of the seedling raising pool is 30m, the width of the seedling raising pool is 2m, the height of the seedling raising pool is 0.2m, and HDPE films (High Density Polyethylene Impermeable membrane, high-density polyethylene films) are paved on the inner wall and the bottom surface of the seedling raising pool.
(3) Preparing seedling substrate
Preparing seedling raising matrix according to the proportion of peat to perlite=2:1 (mass ratio), and paving a clean film on the ground before mixing the matrix to prevent bacteria from being brought in. The substrate was wet with water and the water content was 65%.
(4) Disinfection
The new tray is not disinfected, and the old tray is soaked in 10% bleaching liquid for 20min, washed with clean water and dried.
(5) Matrix dishing and seeding
Filling the prepared matrix into a seedling tray, sowing 5-7 seeds in holes, putting the seeds in the center of the holes, and covering the seedling matrix by 0.4-0.6cm after sowing.
(6) Temperature and pool water depth management
And sowing for 9 months and 2 days at 18-22 ℃ in daytime. Water level in tray throughout the seedling stage: the water depth is less than or equal to 1cm and less than or equal to 3cm, and the greenhouse temperature is as follows: the temperature of the greenhouse is 20 ℃ to 25 ℃, the temperature is high, ventilation, sunshade and cooling are performed in time, and the ventilation opening of the greenhouse is closed when the temperature is low, wherein the water in the step is irrigation water containing fertilizer.
(7) Preventing and removing moss and green algae
The mass fraction of CuSO is 98% every 3d after sowing 4 Spraying 2000 times of the liquid, spraying 3 times, 15L/667m each time 2 . Later weather is clear and bright, and no moss grows out.
(8) Pest control
(1) Prevention and treatment of damping off and damping off: every 667m after sowing 2 Spraying 15L of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol 2000 times liquid for 1 time; every 667m after 15d of sowing 2 Spraying 15L of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol 2000 times liquid for 1 time;
(2) pest control: the physical method of yellow board trapping and killing is adopted to prevent and control fly imago and thrips pests.
(9) Fertilizing
30kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P) 2 O 5 ：K 2 O=15: 15:15 Dissolving in 6m 3 Obtaining irrigation water containing fertilizer in the step (6) in water; the irrigation water is base fertilizer, and the additional fertilizer is added according to the application amount of the base fertilizer when the green onion seedlings grow to 5 cm.
(10) Transplanting
And (5) starting field planting on the day of 10 months and 21 days, and ending field planting on the day of 11 months and 8 days. According to 1.3 ten thousand plants/667 m 2 Is a density transplant of (2).
The seed amount used in this example is 100g/667m 2 The incidence rate of seedling blight and damping-off is 3%, the pest damage is 0, the seedling rate is 98.6%, the transplanting survival rate is 96.5%, and the later growth is vigorous.
Example 2:
the planting points of this example were located in two groups, namely, dan Liangsi, five peak town in county of five peak soil families, yichang, hubei province, 20 mu.
(1) Building seedling greenhouse
An arch steel frame greenhouse with the length of 30m, the width of 6m and the height of 3.2m is built.
(2) Dry floating seedling raising device
The dry floating seedling raising device comprises a plurality of seedling raising units 1 and seedling raising ponds 2; a plurality of seedling raising units 1 are distributed at the bottom of the seedling raising pool 2;
the seedling raising unit 1 comprises a seedling raising tray 1-1 and a tray 1-2, wherein the seedling raising tray 1-1 is erected on the tray 1-2; the bottom of the hole groove of the seedling raising tray 1-1 is provided with a first water permeable hole 1-1-1; the bottom of the tray 1-2 is provided with upward bulges 1-2-1 corresponding to gaps among the bottoms of all the holes of the seedling tray, and when the seedling tray is erected on the tray, the heights of the bulges are higher than Kong Caode; the bottom of the tray corresponds to the bottom of each hole groove of the seedling raising tray, and is provided with a second water permeable hole 1-2-2.
The seedling tray comprises seedling matrixes 1-1-2;
the seedling raising tray is 98-hole seedling raising tray made of polystyrene, and has a thickness of 1mm, a tray length of 54cm, a tray width of 26cm and a tray height of 6cm.
After the seedling raising tray is erected on the tray, the distance between the bottom of the hole groove in the seedling raising tray and the bottom of the tray is 1cm. Building a seedling raising pond:
soil in the seedling raising greenhouse is leveled, a seedling raising pool is built by bricks with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 20cm, the length of the seedling raising pool is 30m, the width of the seedling raising pool is 2m, the height of the seedling raising pool is 0.2m, and HDPE films (High Density Polyethylene Impermeablemembrane, high-density polyethylene films) are paved on the inner wall and the bottom surface of the seedling raising pool.
(3) Preparing seedling substrate
Preparing seedling raising matrix according to the proportion of peat to perlite=2:1 (mass ratio), and paving a clean film on the ground before mixing the matrix to prevent bacteria from being brought in. The seedling substrate is mixed with water to wet, and the water content is 68%.
(4) Disinfection
The new tray is not disinfected, and the old tray is soaked in 10% bleaching liquid for 20min, washed with clean water and dried.
(5) Matrix dishing and seeding
And filling the prepared matrix into a seedling tray. 5-7 seeds are sown in the holes, the seeds are placed in the centers of the holes, and the seedling substrate is covered by 0.4-0.6cm after sowing.
(6) Temperature and pool water depth management
And sowing at 18-22 ℃ for 9 months and 1 day. Controlling the water level in the tray at the whole seedling stage to be 1-3cm, and controlling the temperature of the greenhouse: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, ventilation, sunshade and cooling are needed to be carried out in time, and the ventilation opening of the greenhouse is needed to be closed when the temperature is low, and the water in the step is irrigation water containing fertilizer.
(7) Preventing and removing moss and green algae
Every 667m after sowing 2 Every 3d using CuSO with the mass fraction of 98% 4 2000 times of 15L of liquid is sprayed on the whole seedling raising tray for 3 times, 15L/667m each time 2 . After 22d-28d of sowing, continuously raining for one week, wherein the mass fraction of CuSO is 98% 4 2000 times liquid spray 15L/667m 2 Spraying for 1 time.
(8) Pest control
(1) Prevention and treatment of damping off and damping off: every 667m after sowing 2 Spraying 15L of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol 1500 times liquid for 1 time; every 667m after 16d sowing 2 Spraying 15L of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol 1500 times liquid for 1 time; every 667m after 25d sowing 2 15L of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol 1500 times liquid is sprayed for 1 time.
(2) Pest control: the yellow board is used for trapping and killing physical method to prevent and control adult fly and thrips, a small amount of adult fly and thrips are found on the green onion seedlings when 30d, and the green onion seedlings are sprayed with 2.5% high-efficiency cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times of liquid for 1 time, 15L/667m 2 。
(9) Fertilizing
30kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P) 2 O 5 ：K 2 O=15: 15:15 Dissolving in 6m 3 Obtaining irrigation water containing fertilizer in the step (6) in water; the irrigation water is used as a base fertilizer, and the additional fertilizer is added according to the application amount of the base fertilizer when the green onion seedlings grow to 5cm or grow out of the second green onion pipe.
(10) Transplanting
Transplanting at 1.3 ten thousand plants/667 m after 10 months and 21 days-11 months and 18 days 2 Is a density transplant of (2).
The seed amount used in this example is 100g/667m 2 The incidence rate of seedling blight and damping-off is 3.4%, the pest hazard rate is 1%, the seedling rate is 97.9%, the survival rate reaches 95.8%, and the later growth is vigorous.
Claims (1)
1. The drought floating seedling raising method for the fine-tube green onion in the mountain comprises the following steps:
(1) Building seedling greenhouse
(2) Dry floating seedling raising device
The dry floating seedling raising device comprises a plurality of seedling raising units and seedling raising pools; a plurality of seedling raising units are distributed at the bottom of the seedling raising pool;
the seedling raising unit comprises a seedling raising tray and a tray, and the seedling raising tray is erected on the tray; the bottom of the seedling raising tray hole groove is provided with a first water permeable hole; the bottom of the tray is provided with upward bulges corresponding to gaps among the bottoms of the holes and grooves of the seedling raising tray, and when the seedling raising tray is erected on the tray, the heights of the bulges are higher than Kong Caode; the bottom of the tray corresponds to the bottom of each hole groove of the seedling raising tray, and is provided with a second water permeable hole, and the seedling raising tray comprises a seedling raising matrix;
(3) Preparing seedling substrate
Preparing seedling raising matrixes according to the mass ratio of peat to perlite=2:1-4, and mixing the matrixes with water to wet the matrixes, wherein the water content is 60-80%;
(4) Seedling tray sterilization
The new disc is not disinfected, and the old disc is disinfected by potassium permanganate or formalin or bleaching liquid for use;
(5) Matrix dishing and seeding
Filling the prepared substrate into a seedling raising tray, sowing 5-7 seeds in holes, putting the seeds in the center of the holes, and covering the seedling raising substrate by 0.4-0.6cm after sowing;
(6) Temperature and pool water depth management
Sowing at 18-22 ℃ in daytime, controlling the water level in the tray to be above the hole groove of the seedling tray in the whole seedling stage, and controlling the greenhouse temperature: the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the water is irrigation water containing fertilizer;
(7) Seedling Chi Qingtai and green algae control
(8) Pest control
(9) Fertilizing
30kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is dissolved in 4-8m 3 Obtaining irrigation water containing fertilizer in the step (6) in water; the irrigation water is used as a base fertilizer, and the additional fertilizer is added according to the application amount of the base fertilizer when the green onion seedlings grow to 5cm or the second green onion pipe grows out;
(10) Transplanting
The thin onion is European thin onion;
the method for preventing and killing the green algae by raising seedlings Chi Qingtai in the step (7) comprises the following steps: 98% CuSO with mass fraction every 3d after sowing 4 2000. Spraying the liquid-doubling spray for 3 times, 15L/667m each time 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the continuous overcast and rainy weather is more than or equal to 7 days after the spraying is carried out for three times, the mass fraction of CuSO is 98% after the rain is stopped 4 2000. Spraying the doubling liquid once again;
the pest control method in the step (8) comprises the following steps: every 667m after sowing 2 Spraying 15L of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol 2000 times liquid for 1 time; then spraying once every 10-15d, and spraying the same dose of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol 2000 times liquid for 2-4 times in the seedling raising period; the physical method of yellow board trapping and killing is adopted to prevent and control fly imago and thrips pests, if the larvae are found, 2.5 percent of high-efficiency cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate with the concentration of 15L/667m is used 2 Spraying and applying for 1 time.
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