CN102356747A - Substrate culture method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of rehmannia - Google Patents

Substrate culture method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of rehmannia Download PDF

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CN102356747A
CN102356747A CN2011102686017A CN201110268601A CN102356747A CN 102356747 A CN102356747 A CN 102356747A CN 2011102686017 A CN2011102686017 A CN 2011102686017A CN 201110268601 A CN201110268601 A CN 201110268601A CN 102356747 A CN102356747 A CN 102356747A
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rehmannia
continuous cropping
glutinous rehmannia
culture method
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CN102356747B (en
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李娟�
张重义
陈新建
齐辉
黄剑
范华敏
郭冠英
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Henan Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a substrate culture method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of rehmannia, which comprises steps including 1sterilizing soil with 0.5% ethanol before planting; 2 adopting mixture of turf, vermiculite and pearlite as the substrate, spraying water containing fungicide before using, enabling water content of the substrate to reach 60%, maintaining for one week; 3 removing bottoms of nutrient earthen bowls or bottoms of nutrient bags, adding treated substrate into the nutrient earthen bowls or the nutrient bags, then placing and planting rehmannia into the nutrient earthen bowls or the nutrient bags, sowing the rehmannia on treated rectangular pieces of land in a field according to 25cm line spacing, 20cm row spacing, the holes are 8-10cm in depth, placing the nutrient earthen bowls or the nutrient bags planted with the rehmannia into the land, watering sufficiently, covering coil for about 0.5-1cm to facilitate moisturizing; and 4 performing field management according to normal planting during growth period. The substrate culture method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of rehmannia effectively resolves the continuous planting obstacle problems that after one year of rehmannia planting, when the rehmannia is replanted, disease is serious, plants die in mass, yield is reduced sharply, and the rehmannia must be planted on other fields.

Description

A kind of substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of kind method for planting that alleviates continuous cropping obstacles, particularly a kind of substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle belongs to the intensive agriculture production technology, is exclusively used in to overcome and eliminate glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping problem on obstacle.
Background technology
Glutinous rehmannia ( Rehmannia glutinosaLibosch.) be the Scrophulariaceae herbaceos perennial; Be used as medicine with dried root; Be with in ancient " Huai Qingfu " (Jiaozhuo, modern Henan) one because of main product, have another name called the bosom glutinous rehmannia, with the root of bidentate achyranthes, Chinese yam, chrysanthemum and title " four-Huai medicine "; Be one of famous genunie medicinal materials, classified as top grade in the medicinal material by the successive dynasties pharmacopeia.The glutinous rehmannia property of medicine is gentle, mends and not dry, in clinical practice, is used as medicine with bright ground, the dried rhizome of rehmannia and cultivated land respectively; Have clearing heat and promoting fluid, nourishing yin and supplementing blood, beneficial essence is filled out multiple efficacies such as marrow; Be widely used in the multiple compatibility of medicines in a prescription, be the primary raw material of Chinese patent drugs commonly used such as Liuwei Dihuang Wan, diabetes pill, sanjiu weitai capsules, White Phoenix Bolus of Black-bone Chicken, annual requirement up to 25 000 tons about; Consumption was about 1700 tons in every month, was China's large medicinal material commonly used.
Glutinous rehmannia is one of the most serious medicinal plant of continuous cropping obstacle in the known ratio of rhizome medicinal material, and its continuous cropping obstacle outstanding behaviours can not be expanded for the piece root, and the pogoniasis root must can be replanted at a distance from 8~10 years after every batch of results.Henan is as one of main genuine producing region of glutinous rehmannia, nearly 1.5 ten thousand hectares of JIAOZUO AREA (genuine producing region) cultivated area in Henan Province at present, and the gross output value reaches billions of units.Because glutinous rehmannia main product ground is very concentrated, in recent years because of the glutinous rehmannia cultivated area constantly enlarges, the rotation cycle reaches 10 years in addition, and the new crops for rotation that glutinous rehmannia had not been planted in a lot of areas can supply the rotation of crops.Cultivated area begins to dwindle gradually.Receive ordering about of economic interests; A lot of medicinal herb growers glutinous rehmannia of on continuous cropping soil, planting, and keep the growth of glutinous rehmannia through increasing methods such as fertilise, spraying pesticide, not only strengthened agriculture input; Also had a strong impact on the quality of glutinous rehmannia medicinal material, caused that output descends, the residual new problem such as exceed standard of farming.Owing to receive the restriction of factors such as soil structure, geographical position, the weather temperature difference, processing and purchase and sale cost, radix rehmanniae recen is difficult in the whole nation form new producing region again, and continuous cropping obstacle has become the key problem that influences the glutinous rehmannia sustainable development.At present, the continuous cropping obstacle for glutinous rehmannia in the production does not also have good solution, and most researchs as add complex micro organism fungicide are used adsorbent and reduced agent, soil treatment method such as allelochemical and still be in theory stage, are difficult on producing, use.Because the seriousness and the particularity of glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle, the technology of many other continuous cropping obstacles of elimination are applied to all can not get a desired effect when glutinous rehmannia produces, continuous cropping obstacle has seriously influenced the yield and quality of genuine producing region glutinous rehmannia.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention at first studies the reason that causes the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle.Through methods such as water planting collection, the root region soil lixiviates of second crop soil xanthorrhiza border; Utilizing instruments such as HPLC, ESI-MS is secretion analysis to Radix Rehmanniae; And the allelochemical in the yellow process of growth of second crop soil carried out dynamic monitoring, the result finds that the allelochemicals such as organic acid, glycoside and sterols of glutinous rehmannia root system secretion are the main causes that causes continuous cropping to poison.Through just measuring, the photosynthesis characteristics of continuous cropping glutinous rehmannia, chlorophyll content, root system vigor; Indexs such as metabolic enzyme activity; And the physiological and ecological characteristic variation of passing through glutinous rehmannia plant under the means research continuous cropping conditions such as continuous cropping is handled, leaf-cutting changes the source base relation, find that continuous cropping causes stomatal closure, the chlorophyll content reduction; Cause early stage photosynthetic capacity to reduce, source capability is not enough; Continuous cropping simultaneously causes the root system vigor to descend, and storage capacity reduces, and finally causes continuous cropping obstacle, and be the critical period that continuous cropping obstacle produces seedling stage.In addition, align, the research of second crop soil xanthorrhiza border soil microflora shows that the harmful microorganism increase also is to cause one of reason of glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle.
On the basis of above-mentioned research; The present invention proposes the allelochemical that reduces in the second crop soil yellow soil, improve rhizosphere environment and avoid imaginations such as continuous cropping environment seedling stage glutinous rehmannia, and taked a series of measure, the result shows; The effect of substrate culture method is obvious; Easy and simple to handle, can effectively alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of glutinous rehmannia, it is subdued efficient and can reach more than 70%.
In sum, technical scheme of the present invention realizes in the following manner:
A kind of substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle, it may further comprise the steps:
Soil sterilization is handled before the first step, the kind: apply base fertilizer by conventional method before the glutinous rehmannia plantation, do furrow wholely, then soil is carried out sterilization treatment;
Second step, matrix treatments: matrix is the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic mixture; The adding volume ratio is the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite 6:1 ~ 2:2 ~ 3, or be the mixture of the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite, the volume ratio of adding is the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite 7:3; Spray the water that contains bactericide before the use; Make its water content reach 60%, cover with film then, can use after placing for 1 week;
The 3rd step, plantation: adopt the plantation of nutritive cube or nutritious bag, concrete steps: at first nutritive cube or nutritious bag bottom are removed, the matrix after handling is added nutritive cube or nutritious bag, add at 1/2 o'clock; Put into the ground yellow race and plant, continue to add matrix, on ready-made furrow, press the line-spacing of 25cm then to concordant with alms bowl or bag face; The spacing in the rows of 20cm kind of the cave of starting broadcasting, the dark 8-10cm in cave puts into putting nutritive cube or the nutritious bag that the ground yellow race plants well; Water permeablely, the about 0.5 ~ 1cm of earthing is in the alms bowl face, in order to preserving moisture;
The 4th step, management: growing period carries out field management according to normal plantation and gets final product.
Further, it is that the use volume fraction is 0.5% ethanol that the soil sterilization in the described first step is handled, by 50~100Lm -2The standard irrigated soil, irrigate the back and cover with plastic foil, take off film after ten days;
Further, the matrix in described second step is the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic mixture, and the adding volume ratio is the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite 6:1:3.
Further, to spray the water that contains bactericide before use be 1000 times 50% carbendazim MnZn or 1000 times carbendazim to the matrix in described second step.
Further, the diameter of the nutritive cube in described the 3rd step is 8 ~ 10cm, and height is 8 ~ 10cm.
Further, the diameter of the nutritious bag in described the 3rd step is 8 ~ 10cm, and height is 8 ~ 10cm.
The production test of of the present invention kind of method for planting:
This test is in Jiaozhuo, Henan Province, genuine producing region of glutinous rehmannia Wen County institute of agricultural sciences proving ground, to carry out.Glutinous rehmannia was not planted in main crop plot in 10 years, glutinous rehmannia was once planted in the continuous cropping plot at last 1 year.
Experimental cultivar is gone up widely used kind " warm 85-5 " for producing, and it is long to select 3-4 cm, the glutinous rehmannia of big or small basically identical " kind is planted ".
The plantation of the main crop and continuous cropping is carried out according to the method for normal peasant planting, and of the present invention kind of method for planting carries out according to the step in the summary of the invention, investigates different factors and makes the effect of obstacle to subduing henry munronia herb.
1, seedling medium is selected (nutritive cube format diameter 8cm, high 8cm)
Figure 893530DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Above proportioning is volume ratio, and according to table 1 result of the test, it is higher that the continuous cropping obstacle of matrix three, matrix four and five pairs of glutinous rehmannia of matrix is subdued efficient, all can be used as suitable matrix.
Wherein, the continuous cropping obstacle rate of subduing is calculated by following formula:
Figure 364832DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
2, the nutritive cube size is selected (adopting matrix three to make an experiment)
Figure 715041DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
According to the result of the test of table 1, take all factors into consideration and subdue efficient and economic benefit, selecting nutritive cube two is diameter 8cm, the nutritive cube of high 8cm specification is the most suitable.
3, soil sterilization and unsterilised treatment effect relatively (adopt matrix three, nutritive cube diameter 8cm, high 8cm)
Figure 428526DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
According to the result of the test of table 3, the substrate culture method combines soil sterilization to handle can alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of glutinous rehmannia to a greater degree.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention has solved the glutinous rehmannia plantation after 1 year effectively, and during plantation continuous cropping glutinous rehmannia, disease is serious, the plant mortality, and output sharply descends, and must change the problem that the dried rhizome of rehmannia is planted.When of the present invention kind of method for planting planted on continuous cropping soil; The seedling rate of living can reach more than 95%; The rate of subduing of henry munronia herb being made obstacle can reach more than 70%, can solve the problem that glutinous rehmannia 8-10 can not continuous cropping must change ground every year, has improved land utilization rate greatly; Shortened the time limit that the continuous cropping soil utilizes again, produced significant for the extension of glutinous rehmannia.
The control of the soil-borne disease that causes because of the harmful microorganism increase when (2) soil sterilization processing method of the present invention can be used for other continuous croppings.
(3) soil sterilization of the present invention and nutritive cube substrate culture method not only can solve the problem of glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle; And can be generalized in the production of other medicinal plants that have similar problem in the production-promptly increase caused continuous cropping obstacle from poisonous substance matter and soil harmful microorganism by changing sense, solve the continuous cropping obstacle problem that perplexs the Chinese medicine agricultural sustainable development.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment the present invention is done further explanation.
Comparative Examples: the main crop and continuous cropping
Experimental cultivar is gone up widely used kind " warm 85-5 " for producing, and it is long to select 3-4 cm, the glutinous rehmannia of big or small basically identical " kind is planted ".
In Jiaozhuo, Henan Province, genuine producing region of glutinous rehmannia Wen County institute of agricultural sciences proving ground, carry out.Glutinous rehmannia was not planted in main crop plot in 10 years, glutinous rehmannia was once planted in the continuous cropping plot at last 1 year.The method of normally planting glutinous rehmannia according to the peasant of the main crop and continuous cropping is carried out.
Embodiment one
Experimental cultivar is gone up widely used kind " warm 85-5 " for producing, and it is long to select 3-4 cm, the glutinous rehmannia of big or small basically identical " kind is planted ".In Jiaozhuo, Henan Province, genuine producing region of glutinous rehmannia Wen County institute of agricultural sciences proving ground, carry out.
A kind of substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle of the present invention is carried out according to following steps:
The first step, plant before soil sterilization handle: after the first year glutinous rehmannia results, carry out autumn ploughing, tilling depth 30 cm apply the organic manure 4 000-5000 kg/ mus that become thoroughly decomposed, next year late March mu execute about 150 kg of cake fertilizer; Shallow plowing is raked and is done furrow after pouring water; Wide 120 cm of furrow, high 15 cm, spacing 30 cm do the ridge on the furrow, row spacing 60 cm; Carry out soil sterilization before kind and handle, with volume fraction 0.5% ethanol 50Lm -2Standard pouring soil, the pouring back covers with plastic foil, takes off film after ten days;
Second step, matrix treatments: matrix is the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic mixture, and the adding volume ratio is the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite 6:1:3, and matrix is used the carbendazim MnZn of 1000 times 50% of preceding water spray; Make water content reach 60%; Cover with film, placed for 1 week after, can use;
The 3rd step, plantation: adopting the nutritive cube specification is diameter 8cm, high 8cm, and concrete steps are, at first with removing at the bottom of the alms bowl of nutritive cube; Then matrix is added nutritive cube, add at 1/2 o'clock, put into the ground yellow race and plant, it is concordant to continue to add matrix to alms bowl face; On ready-made furrow, press the line-spacing of 25cm at last, 20cm spacing in the rows kind of the cave of starting broadcasting, the dark 8-10cm in cave; Put into putting a nutritive cube of kind planting well, water permeablely, the about 0.5-1cm of earthing is in the alms bowl face, in order to preserving moisture;
The 4th step, management: growing period carries out field management according to normal plantation and gets final product.
Concrete outcome is seen table 4.
Embodiment two
Experimental cultivar is gone up widely used kind " warm 85-5 " for producing, and it is long to select 3-4 cm, the glutinous rehmannia of big or small basically identical " kind is planted ".
A kind of substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle of the present invention is carried out according to following steps:
The first step, plant before soil sterilization handle: after the first year glutinous rehmannia results, carry out autumn ploughing, tilling depth 30 cm apply the organic manure 4 000-5000 kg/ mus that become thoroughly decomposed, next year late March mu execute about 150 kg of cake fertilizer; Shallow plowing is raked and is done furrow after pouring water; Wide 120 cm of furrow, high 15 cm, spacing 30 cm do the ridge on the furrow, row spacing 60 cm; Carry out soil sterilization before kind and handle, with volume fraction 0.5% ethanol 100Lm -2Standard pouring soil, irritate the back and cover with plastic foil, take off film after ten days;
Second step, matrix treatments: matrix is the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic mixture; The adding volume ratio is the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite 6:2:2, and matrix is used the carbendazim of 1000 times 50% of preceding water spray, makes water content reach 60%; Cover with film, can use after placing for 1 week;
The 3rd step, plantation: adopting the nutritious bag specification is diameter 8cm, high 8cm, and concrete steps are at first the nutritious bag bottom to be removed; Matrix adds nutritious bag then, adds at 1/2 o'clock, puts into the ground yellow race and plants, and it is concordant to continue to add matrix to bag face; On ready-made furrow, press the line-spacing of 25cm at last, 20cm spacing in the rows kind of the cave of starting broadcasting, the dark 8-10cm in cave; Put into putting a nutritive cube of kind planting well, water permeablely, the about 0.5-1cm of earthing is in the alms bowl face, in order to preserving moisture;
The 4th step, management: growing period carries out field management according to normal plantation and gets final product.
Concrete outcome is seen table 4.
Embodiment three
Step with embodiment two is basic identical, and difference is that used matrix is the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite, the volume ratio peat composed of rotten mosses of adding: vermiculite is 7:3, and the specification of the nutritive cube of employing is diameter 10cm, high 10cm, and concrete outcome is seen table 4.
Figure 547792DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Embodiment four
Experimental cultivar is gone up widely used kind " No. one, Beijing " for producing, and it is long to select 3-4 cm, the glutinous rehmannia of big or small basically identical " kind is planted ".
In Jiaozhuo, Henan Province, genuine producing region of glutinous rehmannia Wen County institute of agricultural sciences proving ground, carry out.Glutinous rehmannia was not planted in main crop plot in 10 years, glutinous rehmannia was once planted in the continuous cropping plot at last 1 year.The method of normally planting glutinous rehmannia according to the peasant of the main crop and continuous cropping is carried out.
A kind of substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle of the present invention is carried out according to following steps:
The first step, plant before soil sterilization handle: after the first year glutinous rehmannia results, carry out autumn ploughing, tilling depth 30 cm apply the organic manure 4 000-5000 kg/ mus that become thoroughly decomposed, next year late March mu execute about 150 kg of cake fertilizer; Shallow plowing is raked and is done furrow after pouring water; Wide 120 cm of furrow, high 15 cm, spacing 30 cm do the ridge on the furrow, row spacing 60 cm; Carry out soil sterilization before kind and handle, with 0.5% ethanol 75Lm -2Standard pouring soil, the pouring back covers with plastic foil, takes off film after ten days;
Second step, matrix treatments: matrix is the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic mixture, and the adding volume ratio is the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite 6:1:3, and matrix is used the carbendazim MnZn of 1000 times 50% of preceding water spray; Make water content reach 60%; Cover with film, placed for 1 week after, can use;
The 3rd step, plantation: adopting the nutritious bag specification is diameter 10cm, high 10cm, and concrete steps are, at first with beating air-vent on the nutritious bag; Then matrix is added nutritive cube, add at 1/2 o'clock, put into the ground yellow race and plant, it is concordant to continue to add matrix to alms bowl face; On ready-made furrow, press the line-spacing of 25cm at last, 20cm spacing in the rows kind of the cave of starting broadcasting, the dark 8-10cm in cave; Put into putting a nutritive cube of kind planting well, water permeablely, the about 0.5-1cm of earthing is in the alms bowl face, in order to preserving moisture;
The 4th step, management: growing period carries out field management according to normal plantation and gets final product.Concrete outcome is seen table 5.
Figure 924415DEST_PATH_IMAGE006

Claims (6)

1. substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
Soil sterilization is handled before the first step, the kind: apply base fertilizer by conventional method before the glutinous rehmannia plantation, do furrow wholely, then soil is carried out sterilization treatment;
Second step, matrix treatments: matrix is the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic mixture; The adding volume ratio is the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite 6:1 ~ 2:2 ~ 3, or the mixture of the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite, the volume ratio of adding are the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite 7:3; Spray the water that contains bactericide before the use; Make its water content reach 60%, cover with film then, can use after placing for 1 week;
The 3rd step, plantation: adopt the plantation of nutritive cube or nutritious bag, concrete steps are at first the bottom of nutritive cube nutritious bag to be removed; Matrix after handling is added nutritive cube or nutritious bag, add at 1/2 o'clock, put into the ground yellow race and plant; Continue to add matrix to concordant, on ready-made furrow, press the line-spacing of 25cm then with nutritive cube or nutritious bag face; 20cm spacing in the rows kind of the cave of starting broadcasting, the dark 8-10cm in cave puts into putting nutritive cube or the nutritious bag that the ground yellow race plants well; Water permeablely, the about 0.5 ~ 1cm of earthing is in the alms bowl face, in order to preserving moisture;
The 4th step, management: growing period carries out field management according to normal plantation and gets final product.
2. a kind of substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is that the use volume fraction is 0.5% ethanol that the soil sterilization in the described first step is handled, by 50~100Lm -2The standard irrigated soil, irrigate the back and cover with plastic foil, take off film after ten days.
3. a kind of substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the matrix in described second step is the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic mixture, and the adding volume ratio is the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite 6:1:3.
4. a kind of substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is 1000 times 50% carbendazim MnZn or 1000 times carbendazim that the matrix in described second step sprays the water that contains bactericide before use.
5. a kind of substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the diameter of the nutritive cube in described the 3rd step is 8 ~ 10cm, and height is 8 ~ 10cm.
6. a kind of substrate culture method of subduing the glutinous rehmannia continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the diameter of the nutritious bag in described the 3rd step is 8 ~ 10cm, and height is 8 ~ 10cm.
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CN103931385A (en) * 2014-04-03 2014-07-23 董熙峰 Rehmannia and pepper intercropping planting method for improving rehmannia yield
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CN108293356A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-07-20 界首市庆军家庭农场 A kind of cultural method of high yield high-drug-effect glutinous rehmannia
CN112514783A (en) * 2019-09-19 2021-03-19 黑龙江汉美生工业大麻科技有限公司 Method for planting organic industrial hemp in non-woven fabric beauty planting bag
CN114303810A (en) * 2020-10-10 2022-04-12 华中农业大学 Effective method for reducing coptis chinensis continuous cropping obstacles
CN113099996A (en) * 2021-04-21 2021-07-13 河南农业大学 Method for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of rehmannia and application

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