CN105724217A - Soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetables - Google Patents
Soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN105724217A CN105724217A CN201610166907.4A CN201610166907A CN105724217A CN 105724217 A CN105724217 A CN 105724217A CN 201610166907 A CN201610166907 A CN 201610166907A CN 105724217 A CN105724217 A CN 105724217A
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- cultivation bed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention particularly provides a soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetables, and the method solves the problems that for existing greenhouse vegetable culture, continuous cropping obstacles are serious, the fertilization difficulty of substrate culture is large, the cost is high, and operation processes are complex. The soilless culture method for the greenhouse vegetables comprises the steps that 1, 40-50 parts by mass of seedling culture substrate and 50-60 parts by mass of dried and smashed decomposed manure are selected and mixed, and a culture substrate is obtained; 2, greenhouse films are orderly laid on the portions in culture grooves and the portions between the culture grooves, holes are punched in the greenhouse films at the center line positions of the bottom ends of the culture grooves, and then the culture grooves are filled with the culture substrate; 3, vegetables are planted in the culture grooves in a single-line mode, and the vegetable spacing is one half of conventional vegetable spacing; 4, the left side and the right side above the culture groove are each provided with an iron wire, when the vegetables grow to need to vine, vines of every two adjacent vegetables are hung on the two corresponding iron wires in a staggered mode, and two rows of vegetables on an upper space are formed. The soilless culture method for the greenhouse vegetables avoids the continuous cropping obstacle problem of conventional greenhouse soil culture and has the advantages that the raw materials are low in cost, the vegetable yield is high, and the production labor is less.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetable cultivation method, be specially a kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture method.
Background technology
Facilities vegetable is one of pillar industry of China's agricultural industry, and the Main Economic income source of Ye Shi China vegetable grower, current facility area is stepped up, and yield of vegetables increases year by year.But in Sheng Chaning, cause facility continuous cropping obstacle owing to planting same vegetable year after year, seriously govern the production of facilities vegetable.The example of successful foreign shows, soilless culture is one of most effective, the most basic measure solving continuous cropping obstacle.Soilless culture conventional in producing at present is substrate culture, there is the problem that fertilizer ratio requirement of topdressing is strict, substrate high expensive, substrates quantity are relatively big, operation sequence is complicated in cultivation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve that existing utility vegetable growing exists that continuous cropping obstacle is serious, the problem that difficulty is big, cost is high and operation sequence is complicated is applied fertilizer in substrate culture, it is provided that a kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture method.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization: a kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture method, uses following steps: a, chooses seedling medium and dry the decomposed manure after pulverizing and prepare cultivation matrix by following mass fraction than 40-50:50-60 mix homogeneously；Neat canopy film of laying in b, cultivation bed and between cultivation bed, and to the canopy film perforating at cultivation bed bottom center line position after, in cultivation bed, fill cultivation matrix；C, in cultivation bed single file field planting vegetable, and the half that spacing in the rows is conventional spacing in the rows；D, the left and right sides above cultivation bed are provided with an iron wire, when vegetable grows to need to hang climing, hang climing on two iron wires by staggered for the two adjacent plant of strain, form two row vegetables of upper space.
Matrix formulations in this cultural method, with decomposed manure for the long-acting slow-release source of manure, the shock-absorbing capacity of substrate can be strengthened, reduce the requirement of fertilizer ratio to a certain extent, it is to avoid use routine to need in vegetable growing in time without nutrient substrate or available nutrient substrate, repeatedly, the drawback applied fertilizer of strict fertilizer ratio；Decomposed manure can reduce the hydrophobicity of substrate and strengthen substrate water-retaining property, reduces pour water first difficulty, irrigation frequency, water total amount；Fertilizer abundance, environmental protection；Being additionally, since fertilizer price relatively low, the substrate cost using this formula to prepare is greatly reduced.
The content of decomposed manure and seedling medium is chosen, it it is the rational proportion of test of many times acquirement, experiment sets decomposed manure: seedling medium is respectively these 7 formula of 4.0:1.0,3.5:1.5,3.0:2.0,2.5:2.5,2.0:3.0,1.5:3.5,1.0:4.0 and processes, measure the porosity of substrate, water absorption, water-holding capacity, hydrophobicity, EC value, pH value, and carry out vegetable growing test.Result shows, decomposed manure more than 60%, conventional substrate less than 40% time, substrate water absorption is relatively strong, water-holding capacity is relatively big, hydrophobicity is less, EC value and pH value meet vegetable growing requirement, but porosity reduces, breathability declines, it is unfavorable for the Repiration of vegetable root system, meeting k-index growth promoter；Fertilizer less than 50%, seedling medium more than 50% time, matrix porosity is bigger, EC value and pH value meet the requirements, water absorption and water-holding capacity have declined, but owing to substrate hydrophobicity is relatively big, inconvenient operation of pouring water, and also the content of organic matter reduces, shock-absorbing capacity declines, and is unfavorable for the growth promoter of vegetable root system.
This cultural method uses single file, half times of spacing in the rows field planting and the staggered cultural method planting vegetable hanging climing cooperation, the leaf area index formed is suitable with conventional size row cultivation and the leaf area index waiting line-spacing to cultivate, but plant lower space increases, both ensure covered ground rate, take full advantage of luminous energy, achieve again the ventilation and penetrating light of plant bottom, be conducive to photosynthetic carrying out, the efficiency of light energy utilization can improve 10% to 15%, and yield improves accordingly.
In a word, this facilities vegetable soilless culture method overcomes existing utility vegetable growing and has that continuous cropping obstacle is serious, the problem that difficulty is big, cost is high and operation sequence is complicated is applied fertilizer in substrate culture.
The making of cultivation bed uses following steps: a, heliogreenhouse ground grading and pours water；B, after 5 to 8 days, roll for several times；C, drawing the centrage of cultivation bed according to the twice of conventional field planting line-spacing, excavate cultivation bed, width and the degree of depth are respectively less than target width and target depth；D, cone structure will be scraped out bottom cultivation bed as catchment subsequently；E, finishing cultivation bed are to target width and target depth.
This cultivation bed uses single file plantation, and cultivation bed width reduces 20-30cm, a lot of degree have been saved the consumption of cultivation matrix；The triangular shape catchment of cultivation bed foot is arranged, and by action of gravity and soil capillarity, is discharged to by excessive moisture in the soil of catchment, draining in time, fertilizer leaching run off few, the too high harm of facility ground temperature in summer can be avoided simultaneously；In the making of cultivation bed, with greenhouse soil as raw material, by watering, rolling, setting-out, excavate, repair program making, simple, with low cost, eliminate operation and the cost of common brick groove, and ruggedness is good；The design of this cultivation bed, it is achieved that concentrate the purpose of fertilising, improve utilization rate of fertilizer more than 30%, the substrates quantity of unit are vegetable reduces 36.4% to 58.3%, and planting vegetable effect is preferable, and cultivation bed makes and is simple and convenient to operate simultaneously.
Cultivation bed suitable for reading wide 30～40cm, end opening wide 20～30cm, cultivate groove depth 30cm, cultivation bed foot 5cm is arranged to cone structure.
Taking of cultivation bed specification is the result of test of many times.In test, selected 20,30,40,50, the single file of 60cm, double line-spacing, 5 cultivation bed width of half times of spacing in the rows process, with the duplicate rows routine seeding row spacing of 60cm cultivation bed width for comparison, carry out the test repeated three times, field planting Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Fructus Cucumidis sativi vegetable, determine vegetable growth, material accumulation, yield and the yield composition factor etc..Result shows, all ratio comparisons such as the vegetable substance accumulation of each process, growth promoter, yield have increase in various degree, with 30,40, the vegetable indices that processes of 50cm cultivation bed width increase at most, main cause is the raising of the plant efficiency of light energy utilization, therefore devises above-mentioned cultivation bed width.
Soilless culture method of the present invention avoids the Soil-sickness Problem of conventional plants soil cultivation, reduce the generation of soil-borne disease, reduce medicine frequency and dosage, thus increase yield of vegetables, improve quality of vegetable, reach vegetable safety standard, and cultivation matrix can meet major part vegetable growth needed for while long-acting nutrient, reduce the difficulty of topdressing during vegetable growing, streamline operation, substrate cost 20%～40% can be reduced, cultivation bed and field planting method, hang climing method to match, save substrates quantity, improve the vegetable efficiency of light energy utilization, in a word, it is low that the method has cost of material, consumption is few, yield of vegetables is high, the advantage that good in economic efficiency and production labor is few.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment
1
A kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture method, uses following steps: a, chooses seedling medium and dry the decomposed manure after pulverizing and prepare cultivation matrix by following mass fraction than 40:60 mix homogeneously；Neat canopy film of laying in b, cultivation bed and between cultivation bed, and to the canopy film perforating at cultivation bed bottom center line position after, in cultivation bed, fill cultivation matrix；C, in cultivation bed single file field planting vegetable, and the half that spacing in the rows is conventional spacing in the rows；D, the left and right sides above cultivation bed are provided with an iron wire, when vegetable grows to need to hang climing, hang climing on two iron wires by staggered for the two adjacent plant of strain, form two row vegetables of upper space.
The making of cultivation bed uses following steps: a, heliogreenhouse ground grading and pours water；B, after 5 days, roll for several times；C, drawing the centrage of cultivation bed according to the twice of conventional field planting line-spacing, excavate cultivation bed, width and the degree of depth are respectively less than target width and target depth；D, cone structure will be scraped out bottom cultivation bed as catchment subsequently；E, finishing cultivation bed are to target width and target depth.
Cultivation bed wide 30cm, end opening width 20cm suitable for reading, cultivate groove depth 30cm, and cultivation bed foot 5cm is arranged to cone structure.
On April 7th, 2015 field planting Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, kind is " Mount Taishan beautiful ", and single file field planting, line-spacing 1.4m, spacing in the rows 25cm, " V " type hangs climing；Comparison wide row space 90cm, little line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, use conventional substrate commonly to hang climing.On June 8th, 2015 enters collection period, uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested on October 22nd, 2015.Result shows, employing the method plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, per mu yield 11980kg, ratio comparison volume increase 5.8%, cost-effective 62.5%.
Embodiment
2
A kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture method, uses following steps: a, chooses seedling medium and dry the decomposed manure after pulverizing and prepare cultivation matrix by following mass fraction than 50:50 mix homogeneously；Neat canopy film of laying in b, cultivation bed and between cultivation bed, and to the canopy film perforating at cultivation bed bottom center line position after, in cultivation bed, fill cultivation matrix；C, in cultivation bed single file field planting vegetable, and the half that spacing in the rows is conventional spacing in the rows；D, the left and right sides above cultivation bed are provided with an iron wire, when vegetable grows to need to hang climing, hang climing on two iron wires by staggered for the two adjacent plant of strain, form two row vegetables of upper space.
The making of cultivation bed uses following steps: a, heliogreenhouse ground grading and pours water；B, after 7 days, roll for several times；C, drawing the centrage of cultivation bed according to the twice of conventional field planting line-spacing, excavate cultivation bed, width and the degree of depth are respectively less than target width and target depth；D, cone structure will be scraped out bottom cultivation bed as catchment subsequently；E, finishing cultivation bed are to target width and target depth.
Cultivation bed wide 40cm, end opening width 30cm suitable for reading, cultivate groove depth 30cm, and cultivation bed foot 5cm is arranged to cone structure.
On November 15th, 2014 field planting Fructus Cucumidis sativi, kind is " close thorn ", single file field planting, line-spacing 1.4m, and spacing in the rows 15cm, " V " type hangs climing；Comparison wide row space 90cm, little line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, use conventional substrate commonly to hang climing.On January 5th, 2015 enters collection period, and the yield result of first 100 days shows, employing the method plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, per mu yield 80240kg, ratio comparison volume increase 10.3%, and cost-effective 72.4%.
Embodiment
3
A kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture method, uses following steps: a, chooses seedling medium and dry the decomposed manure after pulverizing and prepare cultivation matrix by following mass fraction than 43:57 mix homogeneously；Neat canopy film of laying in b, cultivation bed and between cultivation bed, and to the canopy film perforating at cultivation bed bottom center line position after, in cultivation bed, fill cultivation matrix；C, in cultivation bed single file field planting vegetable, and the half that spacing in the rows is conventional spacing in the rows；D, the left and right sides above cultivation bed are provided with an iron wire, when vegetable grows to need to hang climing, hang climing on two iron wires by staggered for the two adjacent plant of strain, form two row vegetables of upper space.
The making of cultivation bed uses following steps: a, heliogreenhouse ground grading and pours water；B, after 8 days, roll for several times；C, drawing the centrage of cultivation bed according to the twice of conventional field planting line-spacing, excavate cultivation bed, width and the degree of depth are respectively less than target width and target depth；D, cone structure will be scraped out bottom cultivation bed as catchment subsequently；E, finishing cultivation bed are to target width and target depth.
Cultivation bed wide 37cm, end opening width 23cm suitable for reading, cultivate groove depth 30cm, and cultivation bed foot 5cm is arranged to cone structure.
December in 2014 field planting fresh kidney beans on the 15th, kind is " frame bean king ", single file field planting, and line-spacing 1.4m, spacing in the rows 20cm, " V " type hangs climing；Comparison wide row space 90cm, little line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 40cm, use conventional substrate commonly to hang climing.During off-test, use the method plantation fresh kidney beans per mu yield not notable with contrast difference, cost-effective 68.8%.
In specific implementation process, seedling medium selects the Shandong Seedling trump substrate of execution standard NY/T2118-2012 of Shandong Province's Qingzhou City wide abundant agricultural company limited production.
Claims (3)
1. a facilities vegetable soilless culture method, it is characterised in that: use following steps: a, choose seedling medium and dry pulverize after decomposed manure prepare cultivation matrix by following mass fraction than 40-50:50-60 mix homogeneously；Neat canopy film of laying in b, cultivation bed and between cultivation bed, and to the canopy film perforating at cultivation bed bottom center line position after, in cultivation bed, fill cultivation matrix；C, in cultivation bed single file field planting vegetable, and the half that spacing in the rows is conventional spacing in the rows；D, the left and right sides above cultivation bed are provided with an iron wire, when vegetable grows to need to hang climing, hang climing on two iron wires by staggered for the two adjacent plant of strain, form two row vegetables of upper space.
A kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the making of cultivation bed uses following steps: a, heliogreenhouse ground grading and pours water；B, after 5 to 8 days, roll for several times；C, drawing the centrage of cultivation bed according to the twice of conventional field planting line-spacing, excavate cultivation bed, width and the degree of depth are respectively less than target width and target depth；D, cone structure will be scraped out bottom cultivation bed as catchment subsequently；E, finishing cultivation bed are to target width and target depth.
A kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: cultivation bed suitable for reading wide 30～40cm, end opening wide 20～30cm, cultivate groove depth 30cm, cultivation bed foot 5cm is arranged to cone structure.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610166907.4A CN105724217A (en) | 2016-03-23 | 2016-03-23 | Soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetables |
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| CN201610166907.4A CN105724217A (en) | 2016-03-23 | 2016-03-23 | Soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetables |
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| CN104247622A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-12-31 | 杨林 | Method for cultivating eggplants by vinegar residue matrix |
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2016
- 2016-03-23 CN CN201610166907.4A patent/CN105724217A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
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| CN102523779A (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2012-07-04 | 白银市农业科学研究所 | Method for reusing saline-alkali waste cultivated land to grow plants |
| CN104145802A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-11-19 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Device and method for embedded soilless culture of protected vegetables by soil ridging |
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Application publication date: 20160706 |