CN109997607B - Cultivation method of wild-like oudemansiella radicata - Google Patents
Cultivation method of wild-like oudemansiella radicata Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of wild-like oudemansiella radicata, and belongs to the field of edible fungus cultivation. The cultivation method of the wild-like oudemansiella radicata comprises the following steps: selecting a root mushroom cultivation land; crushing the straws into straw powder, adding urea and lime powder, uniformly stirring with water, and placing on a cultivation land for stacking and fermenting; pumping biogas slurry and residue from the biogas digester and directly discharging the biogas slurry and residue to a cultivation land; loosening the cultivated land by using a rotary cultivator; repeatedly treating the cultivation land by adopting the steps 3 and 4; installing a fence and a sunshade net on the cultivation land, and installing a spray head below the sunshade net; planting the strain of the oudemansiella radicata in a cultivation land block, building a bacterium bed, controlling the temperature and the humidity, and cultivating until the oudemansiella radicata grows out. The invention utilizes the fermented straws and biogas residues as the culture materials, adopts a wild semi-artificial cultivation method to cultivate the long root mushroom with low cost, high biological efficiency and better nutritional value, and provides a brand new mode capable of realizing standardized and large-scale production for meeting the market demand on the long root mushroom.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of wild-like long-rooted mushrooms.
Background
The long-rooted mushroom (Oudemansiella radica a) is also named as Oudemansiella aethiopica, Longgen Lysimachia, belongs to Basidiomycotina, Hippoonaceae and Oudemansiella, is mainly distributed in temperate zones and subtropical zones of northern hemisphere, is generally single-grown, scattered or group-grown in broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, is a soil-borne wood rot fungus, and is also distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan and other places in China. Like most edible fungi, the edible fungi are rich in protein, amino acid, polysaccharide, mineral elements and the like, and researches show that the oudemansiella radicata has higher edible value.
The mushroom food material contains a plurality of amino acids beneficial to human bodies, particularly contains high content of arginine and lysine, and the substances can directly act on the human brains, can improve the activity of brain cells, and has great benefits for promoting intelligence development and improving memory; the long-rooted mushroom can also delay senility and nourish skin, and the polysaccharide and some unsaturated fatty acids contained in the long-rooted mushroom can remove free radicals in the human body, delay cell aging, accelerate cell metabolism and reduce various aging symptoms, and meanwhile, the long-rooted mushroom can also nourish skin, increase skin elasticity and enable the skin of people to be better and better; the long root mushroom can also improve the effect of human hearts, promote blood flow, meet the requirement of the hearts on blood, avoid cardiac ischemia, clear cholesterol in the blood, reduce blood fat, prevent hyperlipidemia and prevent diseases such as arteriosclerosis, apoplexy and the like of the middle-aged and the elderly.
At present, the market demand of the long-rooted mushrooms is continuously increased, the current method for cultivating the long-rooted mushrooms mainly adopts greenhouse ridge planting and soil covering cultivation, but the large-scale production of the long-rooted mushrooms has harsh requirements on environmental control, the guarantee of temperature and humidity has high requirements on equipment, and the cost required by condition control is high.
Chinese patent document CN108293598A (application No. 201810009427.6) discloses a method for cultivating oudemansiella radicata without covering soil. The invention adopts a layered shelf type non-soil-covering cultivation mode for the long-rooted mushrooms, and is suitable for all cases of soil-covering cultivation of the long-rooted mushrooms. The invention firstly mixes the main raw materials evenly, preheats, stirs, then piles up or uses the fermentation tank to ferment, mixes the materials according to the original formula after fermentation to produce the fungus bag, inoculates, cultivates and grows the fungus. After spawn running is finished, the spawn bags can be taken off or not taken off, oriented or non-oriented, vertical or horizontal and the like, environmental factors are adjusted in the cultivation process, and mushroom fruiting cultivation without covering soil can be realized. The technology still has harsh requirements on the environment and cannot meet the requirements of large-scale low-cost planting and development of the oudemansiella radicata.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that the cultivation cost of the long root mushroom is high and the large-scale production is difficult in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the cultivation method of the wild-like long root mushroom, which has low cost, high yield and can be cultivated in a model mode.
The invention provides a cultivation method of wild-like oudemansiella radicata, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a root mushroom cultivation land;
step 2: crushing the straws into straw powder, adding urea and lime powder, uniformly stirring with water, and placing on a cultivation land for stacking and fermenting;
and step 3: uniformly scattering fermented straw powder on a cultivation land, and directly discharging biogas slurry and biogas residues pumped out by a biogas digester to the cultivation land;
and 4, step 4: loosening the cultivated land by using a rotary cultivator after 2-10 days under the weather condition of the air temperature of 5-35 ℃;
and 5: repeatedly treating the cultivation land by adopting the steps 3 and 4;
step 6: installing a fence and a sunshade net on the cultivation land, and installing a spray head below the sunshade net;
and 7: and (3) building a fungus bed in the cultivation land, planting the strain of the long-rooted mushroom into the cultivation land, controlling the temperature and the humidity, and cultivating until the mushroom grows out.
Further, in the step 2, the straw material is rice straw, wheat straw or corn straw; the sieve diameter of the pulverizer for pulverizing the straw is 3cm, after the pulverizing is finished, the ratio of the particle size of the straw powder exceeding 2cm is about 50%, the ratio of the particle size of the straw powder below 1cm is about 20%, and the particle size of the rest 30% is 1.1-2 cm; the dosage of the straw powder is 3000-6000 kg/667m2The mass ratio of the straw powder to the urea to the lime powder is 100: 2: 3; the mass ratio of the mixed material of the straw powder, the urea and the lime powder to the water is 1: 1.5-2.0.
Further, in the step 2, during the pile building fermentation process, the pile needs to be turned over according to the air temperature, and water is supplemented according to the temperature in the material pile and the external environment condition.
Further, in the step 2, in the pile turning treatment, the pile turning frequency is 10 days/time when the weather temperature is below 14 ℃, the pile turning frequency is 7 days/time when the weather temperature is 15-23 ℃, the pile turning frequency is 5 days/time when the weather temperature is 24-30 ℃, and the pile turning frequency is 2 days/time when the weather temperature is above 31 ℃; at the temperature of 50 ℃ or below in the material pile, supplementing water according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.2, at the temperature of 51-60 ℃, supplementing water according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.4, and at the temperature of 61 ℃ or above, supplementing water according to the material-water ratio of 1: 0.6; under the external environment conditions, when the air temperature is more than or equal to 25 ℃ and the wind power is more than or equal to 4 grades, 25-35% of water is supplemented according to the mass of the material pile; the air temperature is less than 25 ℃, the wind power is less than 4 grades, and 10 percent of water is supplemented; the pile turning times are less than or equal to 5.
Spreading the fermented straw powder, and adjusting the base material index by a material pile: the pH value is 7.5-9; has the ferment smell which the fermented forage should have; the straw powder can be twisted with a little force when being put into the palm, and can be twisted with a little force after being dried in the sun; the fermented straw powder can be scattered on the cultivation ground after the index is adjusted; when not used, the product can be naturally dried to water content below 15%.
Further, in the step 3, the amount of the fermented straw powder is 3000-6000 kg/667m2The using amount of biogas slurry and biogas residues obtained after fermentation of pig manure or cow dung or pig manure and cow dung to generate biogas is 2-5 kg/m2(ii) a In the step 1, the cultivation land needs to be deeply turned>The thickness of the soil is 20cm, after leveling, the soil is hilled and the height of a weir around the cultivation land is about 0.3 m, and the soil is compacted.
Further, in the step 4, the depth of the land is larger than 12cm, the loosening frequency is 9-10 days/time when the temperature is 5-15 ℃, and the loosening frequency is 6-8 days/time when the temperature is 16-22 ℃; the unscrewing frequency is 3-5 days/time at the temperature of 23-30 ℃, and the unscrewing frequency is 2 days/time at the temperature of 31 ℃ or above.
Further, in the step 6, the height of the enclosure is 2-2.5m, preferably, green long-vine plants such as luffa, pumpkin, gourd, bottle gourd and the like can be grown in advance in spring and transplanted into the enclosure, and green shading can be formed in summer; 1 spray head is installed at intervals of every 3 meters under the sunshade net.
Further, in the step 7, the using amount of the oudemansiella radicata strain is 2000kg/667m2When sowing, the long-rooted mushroom strains are crushed into peanuts, and directly sowed by a machine or uniformly sowed to a cultivation land by manpower; the planting depth of the strain is 3-15cm below the ground.
Further, in the step 7, the size specification of the fungus ridge is 1.2 meters wide and less than 10 meters long; the interval between every two fungus ridges is 0.3 m, a transportation operation channel with the width of about 2.5m is built between every two fungus ridges, and the transportation operation channel is built at the two ends of each row of fungus ridges.
Furthermore, in the step 7, the method for controlling the temperature and the humidity is to spray and cultivate the plots by using clear water, so that the soil after rotary tillage is settled, and the strains, the straw powder and the soil are combined fully; the plastic film is covered to play a role in heat preservation and water retention; removing the plastic film on the 10 th day, and naturally ventilating; during spawn running of the strains, an atomizing head is adopted to regulate and control air humidity, and the ground is kept in a semi-dry and semi-wet state; during the fruiting period of the strains, the ground of the cultivation land is kept in a moist state without water accumulation until harvesting.
It should be noted that the preparation of strains, the prevention and control of diseases and pests, and the harvesting of fruiting bodies, etc. involved in the present invention are all conventional techniques, and are not necessarily described.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method utilizes the fermented straws and the biogas residues as the culture materials, adopts a wild semi-artificial cultivation method to cultivate the long-rooted mushrooms, realizes the high-efficiency utilization of the biogas residues, the biogas slurry and the straws, cultivates the mushrooms which have low cost, high biological efficiency, better nutritional value, better edible mouthfeel and flavor than those of the mushrooms cultivated in a conventional shed, improves the market price, reduces the complicated production processes of fungus stick manufacture and the like, saves the construction investment of the mushroom shed by about 50 percent, and provides a brand new mode capable of realizing standardized and large-scale production for meeting the requirements of the market on the long-rooted mushrooms.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following detailed description is given with reference to specific embodiments. The invention is in no way limited to these examples. The following description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
The components used in the present invention are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The planting season of the long-rooted mushrooms is 2 months, and the fruiting season is 6 months.
The cultivation method of the wild-imitating long-rooted mushroom comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a long-rooted mushroom cultivation land, deeply turning the cultivation land by 20cm in thickness, leveling, then, ridging and damming the periphery of the cultivation land by about 0.3 m, and compacting;
step 2: pulverizing corn stalk into 3000kg stalk powder, adding 60kg urea, 90kg lime powder and water at a ratio of 1: 1.5, stirring, and placing in 667cm2Stacking and fermenting on a cultivation land, wherein during the stacking and fermenting process, the material stack is turned and supplemented with water, the stacking turning frequency is 10 days/time when the weather temperature is below 14 ℃, the stacking turning frequency is 7 days/time when the weather temperature is 15-23 ℃, the stacking turning frequency is 5 days/time when the weather temperature is 24-30 ℃, and the stacking turning frequency is 2 days/time when the weather temperature is above 31 ℃; when the temperature in the material pile is 50 ℃ or below, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.2, when the temperature is 51-60 ℃, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.4, when the temperature is 61 ℃ or above, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.6, when the temperature of the external environment is more than or equal to 25 ℃, and the wind power is more than or equal to 4 grades, 25-35% of water is supplemented according to the mass of the material pile; the air temperature is less than 25 ℃, the wind power is less than 4 grades, and 10 percent of water is supplemented; turning over the pile for 3 times;
and step 3: uniformly spreading the fermented straw powder on the cultivation land with the dosage of 3000kg/667m2Extracting biogas slurry and residue before replacing materials from the biogas tank, wherein the dosage is 3kg/m calculated by biogas slurry2Covering the cultivation land with the straw powder;
and 4, step 4: loosening the cultivated land by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the depth of the loosened land is 15cm, the loosening frequency is 9-10 days/time under the air temperature condition of 5-15 ℃, and the loosening frequency is 6-8 days/time under the air temperature condition of 16-22 ℃; the unscrewing frequency is 3-5 days/time under the temperature condition of 23-30 ℃, and the unscrewing frequency is 2 days/time under the temperature condition of 31 ℃ or above;
and 5: repeatedly treating the cultivation land by adopting the steps 3 and 4;
step 6: arranging cement columns or steel columns with the height of about 2.5 meters around the cultivation land, arranging a fence and a sunshade net, and arranging 1 spray head below the sunshade net at an interval of 3 meters;
and 7: 2000kg/667m2The strain of the oudemansiella radicata is broken into flowersThe method comprises the following steps of (1) growing rice, sowing the rice on a cultivation land block, setting up fungus beds (the size specification of the fungus beds is 1.2 meters in width and 6 meters in length, the interval between every two fungus beds is 0.3 meter, a transportation operation channel with the width of about 2.5 meters is set up between every two 4 fungus beds, the transportation operation channel is set up at the two ends of each row of fungus beds), sprinkling the cultivation land block by using clean water, covering a plastic film, removing the plastic film on the 10 th day, and during spawn running, adjusting and controlling the air humidity by using a spray head to keep the ground in a semi-dry and semi-wet state; during fruiting, the ground of the cultivation land is kept in a moist state without water accumulation until harvesting.
Example 2
The planting season of the long-rooted mushrooms is 3 months, and the fruiting season is 6 months.
The cultivation method of the wild-imitating long-rooted mushroom comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a long-rooted mushroom cultivation land, deeply turning the cultivation land by 25cm, leveling, then, ridging and damming the periphery of the cultivation land by about 0.3 m, and compacting;
step 2: pulverizing corn stalk into 3000kg stalk powder, adding 60kg urea and 90kg lime powder, stirring with water at a material-water ratio of 1: 1.7, and placing in 667cm2Stacking and fermenting on a cultivation land, wherein during the stacking and fermenting process, the material stack is turned and supplemented with water, the stacking turning frequency is 10 days/time when the weather temperature is below 14 ℃, the stacking turning frequency is 7 days/time when the weather temperature is 15-23 ℃, the stacking turning frequency is 5 days/time when the weather temperature is 24-30 ℃, and the stacking turning frequency is 2 days/time when the weather temperature is above 31 ℃; when the temperature in the material pile is 50 ℃ or below, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.2, when the temperature is 51-60 ℃, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.4, when the temperature is 61 ℃ or above, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.6, when the temperature of the external environment is more than or equal to 25 ℃, and the wind power is more than or equal to 4 grades, 25-35% of water is supplemented according to the mass of the material pile; the air temperature is less than 25 ℃, the wind power is less than 4 grades, and 10 percent of water is supplemented; turning over for 5 times;
and step 3: uniformly spreading the fermented straw powder on the cultivation land with the dosage of 4500kg/667m2Extracting biogas slurry and residue before replacing materials from the biogas tank, wherein the dosage is 3kg/m calculated by biogas slurry2Covering the cultivation land with the straw powder;
and 4, step 4: loosening the cultivated land by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the depth of the loosened land is 15cm, the loosening frequency is 9-10 days/time under the air temperature condition of 5-15 ℃, and the loosening frequency is 6-8 days/time under the air temperature condition of 16-22 ℃; the unscrewing frequency is 3-5 days/time under the temperature condition of 23-30 ℃, and the unscrewing frequency is 2 days/time under the temperature condition of 31 ℃ or above;
and 5: repeatedly treating the cultivation land by adopting the steps 3 and 4;
step 6: arranging cement columns or steel columns with the height of about 2.5 meters around the cultivation land, arranging a fence and a sunshade net, and arranging 1 spray head below the sunshade net at an interval of about 3 meters;
and 7: 2000kg/667m2The strain of the long-rooted mushrooms is smashed into the size of peanut rice and is broadcast to a cultivation land block, the planting depth is 15cm below the ground, bacterium beds are built (the size specification of the bacterium beds is 1.2 meters wide and 6 meters long, 0.3 meter is arranged between every two bacterium beds, a transportation operation channel with the width of about 2.5 meters is built between every two bacterium beds, the transportation operation channel is built at the two ends of each row of the bacterium beds), the cultivation land block is sprayed with clear water, a plastic film is covered, the plastic film is removed on the 10 th day, and during the fungus growing period, an atomizing spray head is adopted to regulate and control the air humidity, so that the ground is kept in a half-dry and half-wet state; during fruiting, the ground of the cultivation land is kept in a moist state without water accumulation until harvesting.
Example 3
The planting season of the long-rooted mushrooms is 3 months, and the fruiting season is 7 months.
The cultivation method of the wild-imitating long-rooted mushroom comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a long-rooted mushroom cultivation land, deeply turning the cultivation land by 25cm, leveling, then, ridging and damming the periphery of the cultivation land by about 0.3 m, and compacting;
step 2: pulverizing corn stalk into 3000kg stalk powder, adding 60kg urea and 90kg lime powder, stirring with water at a material-water ratio of 1: 1.8, and placing in 667cm2Stacking and fermenting on a cultivation land, wherein during the stacking and fermenting process, the material stack is turned and supplemented with water, the stacking turning frequency is 10 days/time when the weather temperature is below 14 ℃, the stacking turning frequency is 7 days/time when the weather temperature is 15-23 ℃, the stacking turning frequency is 5 days/time when the weather temperature is 24-30 ℃, and the stacking turning frequency is 2 days/time when the weather temperature is above 31 ℃; at a temperature of 50 ℃ or below in the pile, the ratio of the material to the water is 10.2 water is supplemented, at the temperature of 51-60 ℃, the water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.4, at the temperature of 61 ℃ and above, the water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.6, when the external environmental temperature is not less than 25 ℃ and the wind power is not less than 4 grade, 25% -35% of water is supplemented according to the mass of the material pile; the air temperature is less than 25 ℃, the wind power is less than 4 grades, and 10 percent of water is supplemented; turning over for 4 times;
and step 3: uniformly spreading the fermented straw powder on the cultivation land with the dosage of 5000kg/667m2Extracting biogas slurry and residue before replacing materials from the biogas tank, wherein the dosage is 3kg/m calculated by biogas slurry2Covering the cultivation land with the straw powder;
and 4, step 4: loosening the cultivated land by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the depth of the loosened land is 15cm, the loosening frequency is 9-10 days/time under the air temperature condition of 5-15 ℃, and the loosening frequency is 6-8 days/time under the air temperature condition of 16-22 ℃; the unscrewing frequency is 3-5 days/time under the temperature condition of 23-30 ℃, and the unscrewing frequency is 2 days/time under the temperature condition of 31 ℃ or above;
and 5: repeatedly treating the cultivation land by adopting the steps 3 and 4;
step 6: arranging cement columns or steel columns with the height of about 2.5 meters around the cultivation land, arranging a fence and a sunshade net, and arranging 1 spray head below the sunshade net at an interval of about 3 meters;
and 7: 2000kg/667m2The strain of the long-rooted mushrooms is smashed into the size of peanut rice and is broadcast to a cultivation land block, the planting depth is 15cm below the ground, bacterium beds are built (the size specification of the bacterium beds is 1.2 meters wide and 6 meters long, 0.3 meter is arranged between every two bacterium beds, a transportation operation channel with the width of about 2.5 meters is built between every two bacterium beds, the transportation operation channel is built at the two ends of each row of the bacterium beds), the cultivation land block is sprayed with clear water, a plastic film is covered, the plastic film is removed on the 10 th day, and during the fungus growing period, an atomizing spray head is adopted to regulate and control the air humidity, so that the ground is kept in a half-dry and half-wet state; during fruiting, the ground of the cultivation land is kept in a moist state without water accumulation until harvesting.
To further illustrate the advantageous effects of the present invention, the following comparative examples are provided by taking example 2 as an example only.
Comparative example 1
The planting season of the long-rooted mushrooms is 3 months, and the fruiting season is 6 months.
The cultivation method of the wild-imitating long-rooted mushroom comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a long-rooted mushroom cultivation land, deeply turning the cultivation land by 25cm, leveling, then, ridging and damming the periphery of the cultivation land by about 0.3 m, and compacting;
step 2: crushing corn straws into 6000kg of straw powder, adding 120kg of urea and 180kg of lime powder, uniformly stirring with water according to the material-water ratio of 1: 1.7, placing on a cultivation land, performing pile-building fermentation, and performing pile-turning and water supplementing treatment on the pile in the pile-building fermentation process, wherein the using amount of biogas slurry is 3kg/m2Directly arranged on the ground; the pile turning frequency is 10 days/time when the weather temperature is below 14 ℃, 7 days/time when the weather temperature is 15-23 ℃, 5 days/time when the weather temperature is 24-30 ℃ and 2 days/time when the weather temperature is above 31 ℃; when the temperature in the material pile is 50 ℃ or below, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.2, when the temperature is 51-60 ℃, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.4, when the temperature is 61 ℃ or above, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.6, when the temperature of the external environment is more than or equal to 25 ℃, and the wind power is more than or equal to 4 grades, 25-35% of water is supplemented according to the mass of the material pile; the air temperature is less than 25 ℃, the wind power is less than 4 grades, and 10 percent of water is supplemented; turning over for 5 times to obtain a mixed base material;
and step 3: uniformly spreading the mixed base material prepared in the step 2 on a cultivation land block with the dosage of 5000kg/667m2The cultivation land is subjected to loosening treatment by using a rotary cultivator, the depth of the loosened land is 15cm, the loosening frequency is 9-10 days/time under the air temperature condition of 5-15 ℃, and the loosening frequency is 6-8 days/time under the air temperature condition of 16-22 ℃; the unscrewing frequency is 3-5 days/time under the temperature condition of 23-30 ℃, and the unscrewing frequency is 2 days/time under the temperature condition of 31 ℃ or above;
and 4, step 4: after the cultivation land is repeatedly treated in the steps 2 and 3, cement columns or steel columns with the height of about 2.5 meters are additionally arranged on the periphery of the cultivation land, a fence and a sunshade net are arranged, and 1 spray head is arranged below the sunshade net at an interval of about 3 meters;
and 5: 2000kg/667m2The strain of the long-rooted mushroom is smashed into the size of peanut rice, the peanut rice is sowed on a cultivation land block, the planting depth is 15cm below the ground, and fungus beds are built (the size specification of the fungus beds is 1.2 meters wide and 6 meters long; the interval between every two fungus beds is0.3 m, constructing a transportation operation channel with the width of about 2.5m between every 4 fungus beds, constructing transportation operation channels at two ends of each row of fungus beds), adopting clear water to spray and irrigate the cultivation land mass, covering a plastic film, removing the plastic film on the 10 th day, adopting a spray head to regulate and control the air humidity during the fungus growing period, and keeping the ground in a semi-dry and semi-wet state; during fruiting, the ground of the cultivation land is kept in a moist state without water accumulation until harvesting.
Comparative example 2
The planting season of the long-rooted mushrooms is 3 months, and the fruiting season is 6 months.
The cultivation method of the wild-imitating long-rooted mushroom comprises the following steps:
step 1: pulverizing corn straw into 3000kg straw powder, adding 60kg urea and 90kg lime powder, stirring with water at a material-water ratio of 1: 1.6, placing on cultivation land, and fermenting, wherein the biogas slurry is 3kg/m2Directly discharging on the ground for infiltration; during the pile building fermentation process, pile turning and water supplementing treatment are carried out on the material pile, wherein the pile turning frequency is 10 days/time when the weather temperature is lower than 14 ℃, the pile turning frequency is 7 days/time when the weather temperature is 15-23 ℃, the pile turning frequency is 5 days/time when the weather temperature is 24-30 ℃, and the pile turning frequency is 2 days/time when the weather temperature is higher than 31 ℃; when the temperature in the material pile is 50 ℃ or below, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.2, when the temperature is 51-60 ℃, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.4, when the temperature is 61 ℃ or above, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.6, when the temperature of the external environment is more than or equal to 25 ℃, and the wind power is more than or equal to 4 grades, 25-35% of water is supplemented according to the mass of the material pile; the air temperature is less than 25 ℃, the wind power is less than 4 grades, and 10 percent of water is supplemented; turning over for 5 times to obtain a mixed base material;
step 2: adjusting the pH value of the mixed base material prepared in the step 1 to 7.5-8.5 and the water content to 53-56%, bagging according to a conventional method, sterilizing for 4-8h at 100-120 ℃, cooling, inoculating at two ends of the fungus bag with the inoculation amount of 1-2%, sealing, and culturing at room temperature;
and step 3: when the bag is full of mycelium, removing the plastic bag, horizontally laying in the cultivation area, and covering soil; after covering soil, watering thoroughly, and taking about 20 days for spawn running in the soil layer; and (4) entering a fruiting management stage after the hypha of the long-rooted mushrooms grows out on the surface of the covering soil, and normally harvesting after the mushrooms grow to seven-eight times of maturity.
Comparative example 3
The planting season of the long-rooted mushrooms is 3 months, and the fruiting season is 6 months.
The cultivation method of the wild-imitating long-rooted mushroom comprises the following steps:
step 1: pulverizing corn straw into 3000kg straw powder, adding 60kg urea and 90kg lime powder, stirring with water at a material-water ratio of 1: 1.5, placing on cultivation land, and fermenting, wherein the biogas slurry is 3kg/m2Directly discharging on the ground for infiltration; during the pile building fermentation process, pile turning and water supplementing treatment are carried out on the material pile, wherein the pile turning frequency is 10 days/time when the weather temperature is lower than 14 ℃, the pile turning frequency is 7 days/time when the weather temperature is 15-23 ℃, the pile turning frequency is 5 days/time when the weather temperature is 24-30 ℃, and the pile turning frequency is 2 days/time when the weather temperature is higher than 31 ℃; when the temperature in the material pile is 50 ℃ or below, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.2, when the temperature is 51-60 ℃, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.4, when the temperature is 61 ℃ or above, water is supplemented according to the material-water ratio of 1:0.6, when the temperature of the external environment is more than or equal to 25 ℃, and the wind power is more than or equal to 4 grades, 25-35% of water is supplemented according to the mass of the material pile; the air temperature is less than 25 ℃, the wind power is less than 4 grades, and 10 percent of water is supplemented; turning over for 5 times to obtain a mixed base material;
step 2: uniformly spreading the mixed base material prepared in the step 1 on a cultivation land, wherein the thickness of the mixed base material is 20 cm;
and step 3: 2000kg/667m2The strain of the long-rooted mushrooms is smashed into the size of peanut rice and is broadcast to a cultivation land block, the planting depth is 15cm below the ground, bacterium beds are built (the size specification of the bacterium beds is 1.2 meters wide and 6 meters long, 0.3 meter is arranged between every two bacterium beds, a transportation operation channel with the width of about 2.5 meters is built between every two bacterium beds, the transportation operation channel is built at the two ends of each row of the bacterium beds), the cultivation land block is sprayed with clear water, a plastic film is covered, the plastic film is removed on the 10 th day, and during the fungus growing period, an atomizing spray head is adopted to regulate and control the air humidity, so that the ground is kept in a half-dry and half-wet state; during fruiting, the ground of the cultivation land is kept in a moist state without water accumulation until harvesting.
The method comprises the steps of directly mixing the base material with soil in the form of raw materials, decomposing the raw materials by the participation of soil microorganisms, and then sowing strains; saves a large amount of labor and field for fermenting the base material, and the spray head is arranged above the cultivation area for humidifying and moisturizing, thereby being more beneficial to the growth and the vitality maintenance of the hypha of the long-rooted mushroom and being particularly beneficial to the growth of the mushroom body.
The biological efficiency of the oudemansiella radicata prepared in the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 was measured, the biological efficiency being the ratio of fresh mushrooms (or dried mushrooms) produced per unit of air-dried material, and the formula for calculating the biological efficiency of the present invention was the weight of produced fresh mushrooms/the weight of air-dried material as a base material, and the specific data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Biological efficiency |
| Example 1 | 120％ |
| Example 2 | 155％ |
| Example 3 | 140％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 105.5％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 103.1％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 90％ |
Because the wild long-rooted mushrooms are greatly influenced by environmental factors, the inventor of the invention combines the cultivation and planting experience of many years, adopts fermented straws and biogas residues as culture materials, finds out that the long-rooted mushrooms are subjected to model cultivation under different air temperature conditions, and greatly reduces the cultivation cost, and the biological efficiency of the long-rooted mushrooms cultivated by the invention is generally kept about 120 percent and can reach 160 percent at most according to the table 1, and the investment for constructing mushroom sheds and the like is reduced by about 50 percent; the nutritional value, the edible taste and the flavor of the long-rooted mushrooms cultivated by the method are greatly superior to those of conventional mushrooms, and the market value of the long-rooted mushrooms is 20-50% higher than that of the conventional mushrooms.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method of imitating wild long-rooted mushrooms is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a root mushroom cultivation land;
step 2: crushing the straws into straw powder, adding urea and lime powder, uniformly stirring with water, and placing on a cultivation land for stacking and fermenting;
and step 3: uniformly scattering fermented straw powder on a cultivation land, and directly discharging biogas slurry and biogas residues pumped out by a biogas digester to the cultivation land;
and 4, step 4: loosening the cultivated land by using a rotary cultivator after 2-10 days under the weather condition of the air temperature of 5-35 ℃;
and 5: repeatedly treating the cultivation land by adopting the steps 3 and 4;
step 6: installing a fence and a sunshade net on the cultivation land, and installing a spray head below the sunshade net;
and 7: building fungus beds in the cultivation land blocks, planting the strains of the long-rooted mushrooms in the cultivation land blocks, controlling the temperature and the humidity, and cultivating until the mushrooms grow out;
wherein: in the step 2, the straw material is rice straw, wheat straw or corn straw; the mass ratio of the straw powder to the urea to the lime powder is 100: 2: 3, the mass ratio of the mixed material of the straw powder, the urea and the lime powder to the water is 1: 1.5-2.0;
in the step 2, during pile building fermentation, pile turning is carried out according to the air temperature, and water is supplemented according to the temperature in the material pile and the external environment condition;
in the step 2, in the pile turning treatment, when the weather temperature is below 14 ℃, the pile turning frequency is 1 time/10 days, the pile turning frequency is 1 time/7 days at 15-23 ℃, the pile turning frequency is 1 time/5 days at 24-30 ℃, and the pile turning frequency is 1 time/2 days at above 31 ℃; supplementing water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2 when the temperature in the material pile is below 50 ℃, supplementing water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.4 when the temperature is 51-60 ℃, and supplementing water according to the mass ratio of 1:0.6 when the temperature is above 61 ℃; under the external environment conditions, when the air temperature is more than or equal to 25 ℃ and the wind power is more than or equal to 4 grades, 25-35% of water is supplemented according to the mass of the material pile; the air temperature is less than 25 ℃, the wind power is less than 4 grades, and 10 percent of water is supplemented; the pile turning times are less than or equal to 5;
in the step 3, the amount of the fermented straw powder is 3000-6000 kg/667m2The dosage of the biogas slurry and the biogas residues is 2-5 kg/m2(ii) a In the step 1, the cultivation land needs to be deeply turned>The thickness of the soil is 20cm, after leveling, the soil is hilled and the height of a weir around the cultivation land is about 0.3 m, and the soil is compacted.
2. The cultivation method of the wild-imitated long-rooted mushroom according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the depth of the field of the pinus sylvestris is more than 12cm, the pinus sylvestris frequency is 1 time/9-10 days at the temperature of 5-15 ℃, and the pinus sylvestris frequency is 1 time/6-8 days at the temperature of 16-22 ℃; the unscrewing frequency is 1/3-5 days at the temperature of 23-30 ℃, and 1/2 days at the temperature of more than 31 ℃.
3. The cultivation method of the imitated wild oudemansiella radicata according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the height of the fence is 2-2.5m, and 1 spray head is installed under the sunshade net at intervals of every 3 m.
4. The method for cultivating imitated wild oudemansiella radicata according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7, the amount of the oudemansiella radicata strain is 2000kg/667m2Deep plantingThe degree is 3-15cm below the ground.
5. The cultivation method of the imitated wild long-rooted mushroom according to claim 4, wherein in the step 7, the size specification of the fungus ridge is 1.2 meters wide and less than 10 meters long; the interval between every two fungus ridges is 0.3 m, a transportation operation channel with the width of about 2.5m is built between every two fungus ridges, and the transportation operation channel is built at the two ends of each row of fungus ridges.
6. The cultivation method of the imitated wild oudemansiella radicata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 7, the temperature and humidity are controlled by sprinkling irrigation with clear water to cultivate the plot, covering with a plastic film, and removing the plastic film on the 10 th day; during spawn running of the strains, an atomizing head is adopted to regulate and control air humidity, and the ground is kept in a semi-dry and semi-wet state; during the fruiting period of the strains, the ground of the cultivation land is kept in a moist state without water accumulation until harvesting.
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| CN105123259A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-12-09 | 石文刚 | Wild imitation cultivation method for toadstool |
| CN105613043A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-01 | 金广彦 | Bionic cultivation method for edible fungi |
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| CN105075654A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-25 | 甘肃陇西三园生物科技有限责任公司 | Method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by adding biogas manure into corn straws |
| CN105123259A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-12-09 | 石文刚 | Wild imitation cultivation method for toadstool |
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