CN1220422C - Intercropping cultivation method for maize and pleurotu ostreatus - Google Patents
Intercropping cultivation method for maize and pleurotu ostreatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1220422C CN1220422C CN 200310115876 CN200310115876A CN1220422C CN 1220422 C CN1220422 C CN 1220422C CN 200310115876 CN200310115876 CN 200310115876 CN 200310115876 A CN200310115876 A CN 200310115876A CN 1220422 C CN1220422 C CN 1220422C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to plant culture belonging to the field of agricultural technology, particularly to the intercropping cultivation method for maize and cap fungus, which comprises technical measure including maize seeding, cap fungus culture, field care, etc. The row pitch of the maize is from 65 to 75cm, and the planting distance is from 30 to 40cm. Furrows between every other two rows of maize are made into cap fungus beds of which the width is from 60 to 70cm, the depth is from 17 to 20cm, and the length is from 9 to 11 m. The culture of the cap fungus adopts two modes, one is a seed culture mode, and the other is a fungus-stick mode. The temperature of cultivating material is maintained from 20 to 30 DEG C, and the water content of the cultivating material is from 60 to 70%. The present invention uses microclimate conditions formed in cornfields to make the cap fungus have vigorous and strong hypha, regular flush, thick fungus meat and high fungus quality. The maize grows under the nutrition and the stimulation of the secretion of the hypha of the cap fungus, and thus, the maize has the advantages of strong plant strains, large ears, multiple grains and full grains. The present invention enables the maize and the fungus to grow vigorously to achieve the good effects of increased production and income.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the crop genetics in the agricultural technology field, relate to corn with kind technology between other crop, specifically a kind of in corn field the cultivation method of intercropping flat mushroom.
Technical background:
Corn is the staple food crop in area, Northeast China.For many years, the area had been carried out corn and beans, spring wheat once northeastward,, the experimental study and the demonstration of cover, miscegenation.Set up between different corns and other crop in the different ecological type district, cover, miscegenation pattern, more successfully brought into play the relative advantage of Different Crop in the compound population, improved greatly efficiency of resource and economic benefit.
Known corn flat mushroom intercropping method is, corn planting can adopt general field planting mode, or carries out the wide row space growing and cultivation, and wide row space plantation line-spacing is that 67 centimetres, spacing in the rows are about 25 centimetres.Spring corn is sowed on schedule, when corn length to 67～100 centimetre, digs loose, dark each ditch of 10 centimetre near the corn root place with iron pick at the shady face of every capable corn.The mushroom growth material that ferments is sprinkled in the ditch, thick about 5 centimetres, subsequently with foot-operated real.Then bacterial classification is broken into off with the fingers and thumb the piece of little jujube size, covered 3～4 cm thick having peace of mind of mushroom growth material after setting again, remaining bacterial classification evenly is sprinkling upon above the composts or fertilisers of cultivating, overburden soil 2 cm thicks.This intercropping culture method is subjected to the restriction between certain natural bar, and the output of flat mushroom is very low always in the kind process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention according between crop, cover, the basic theories of miscegenation and the biological property of corn and flat mushroom, by improvement bacterium rod, cultivation nutrient base etc., build and help corn and flat mushroom growing environment, purpose provides the cultivation method of a kind of corn and flat mushroom intercropping.
The present invention adapts to various natural conditions in order to make interculture, especially Han Leng geographical conditions, promote corn and flat mushroom to grow jointly, change the present situation that the flat mushroom intercropping yields poorly, start with from the making of bacterium rod, cultivated species fuel, cultivate material, on the basis that original bacterium material is cultivated, increased the method that the bacterium rod is cultivated flat mushroom.
The present invention mainly comprises sowing corn, cultivating white mushroom, field management.
The sowing corn., water source higher in physical features is convenient, maize planting on the well behaved fertile sandy loam of soil water-retaining.Seeding method is identical with the spring corn general planting.Use sufficient base fertilizer before the sowing, water sufficient water, plough rake whole.The line-spacing of maize planting is 65～75cm, and spacing in the rows is 30～40cm, and density is 40000～42000 strains/hm
2
Cultivating white mushroom.
When corn plants length to 0.8～1.2m, making the mushroom bed at the furrows every between two row corns.To the ridge of both sides, making the mushroom bedside is 60～70cm, is 17～20cm deeply with in the ranks earth culture, and length is 9～11m.Preceding 3～4 days of stone sowing, the mushroom bed is watered vola water.Treat that soil surface does not have ponding, at the bottom of the mushroom bed, spread skim quicklime, to the disinfection of mushroom bed.After the mushroom bed is disinfected, can stone sowing flat mushroom.
Cultivating white mushroom of the present invention adopts dual mode, and a kind of is the mode of cultivated species, and another kind is the mode of bacterium rod, and this dual mode can use simultaneously.
Described cultivated species mode is that the cultivate material that will ferment is by 0.5～1.5kg/m
2Amount evenly be layered in the mushroom bed, inoculate 10% standby mushroom cultivation kind in the time of stone.Take the mode of layering sowing, just spread one deck cultivate material inoculation one deck mushroom cultivation kind, repave one deck cultivate material inoculation one deck mushroom cultivation kind, altogether the two-layer mushroom cultivation bacterial classification of two-layer cultivate material.In order to keep the temperature and humidity of mushroom bed, charge level covers sandy loam 1.5～2.0cm after flattening compacting.
Described bacterium bar mode is a cultivation bacterium rod in the mushroom bed, and cultivation method is that the standby bacterium rod that covers with mycelia is disposed across in the mushroom bed, and the 13～17cm of being separated by between the bacterium rod covers sand clay 1.5～2cm simultaneously, to keep the temperature and humidity of mushroom bed.
Field management.
The mushroom bed will be controlled temp. and humidity well after planting, to guarantee the temperature and humidity of cultivate material.The temperature of cultivate material of the present invention is 20～30 ℃, and the cultivate material water content is 60～70%.
Flat mushroom after planting, the cultivation through 13～20 days, the mushroom bed level begins to form fruit body primordium.In the sporophore growth process, often on milpa, spray water, and strengthen injection flow rate gradually, with charge level not ponding be advisable, keep relative air humidity 80%～90%, this is appropriate to the occasion to the vaporific water spray of sky, must guard against the contrast charge level directly spray water, in order to avoid damage young mushroom.Through 7 days normal management, the fruit body cap was open and flat, reached physiological ripening and can adopt mushroom.Whenever after having adopted a damp mushroom, conscientiously remove the residual mushroom handle of bed surface, fragment and dead mushroom etc., spray water gently to charge level then, keep cultivate material moistening, make mycelia recover growth and form in order to following damp mushroom.Disposable stone sowing can be adopted mushroom 3～4 tides, every damp mushroom 10～15 days at interval.
The present invention directly sprays water between corn field with spray pattern under the situation of high temperature and drought, reduces temperature to improve humidity; Connecting the rainy day,, try not to make ponding in the mushroom bed by the timely draining of the furrow of not building the mushroom bed.
Cultivate material of the present invention also comprises wheat bran, superphosphate, carbendazim, quicklime and land plaster based on corncob and rice straw.Maize cob meal is broken into the particle of broad bean size, and rice straw cuts up with a hay cutter into long broken section of 8～12cm.The percentage by weight of above-mentioned material is: corn cob granule 70%, and rice straw 20%, wheat bran 7.5%, superphosphate 0.3%, carbendazim 0.2%, quicklime 1%, land plaster 1%, pH value adjusts to 7.5～7.7.Cultivate material adds water, and amount of water is 65% of total composts or fertilisers of cultivating.Mix thoroughly after adding water, fermentation, temperature is controlled at 60 ℃～70 ℃.Surpassing 70 ℃ as temperature and want timely turning to keep the skin wet, is brown through the cultivate material of 5～7 days heap fermentations, has acid, fragrant and sweet flavor, expects soft and loose can the use.
Described standby mushroom cultivation kind is an inoculation flat mushroom bacterium on the cultivated species fuel, and incubation growth goes out hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus.The cultivated species fuel comprises corn cob granule, wheat bran, white sugar, KH
2PO
4, quicklime, land plaster.The percentage by weight of above-mentioned material is: corn cob granule 79.8%; Wheat bran 16.6%; White sugar 1.1%; KH
2PO
40.3%; Quicklime 1.1%; Land plaster 1.1%.The cultivated species fuel is added water, and making PH is 7.0～7.4.The amount of cultivated species fuel and water is: the cultivated species fuel: water=1: 1.3.Bottle, sterilize, inoculate after adding water.Cultivated 21～25 days down at 25 ℃～28 ℃, mycelia is covered with Cans, and is standby.
Described bacterium rod is an inoculation flat mushroom bacterium on composts or fertilisers of cultivating, and incubation growth goes out hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus, and makes bar-shaped.Composts or fertilisers of cultivating is made up of corn cob granule, wheat bran, rice straw powder, urea, superphosphate, quicklime.The percentage by weight of each material is: corn cob granule 70%, wheat bran 8%, rice straw powder 20%, urea 0.2%, superphosphate 0.3%, quicklime 1.5%.Composts or fertilisers of cultivating is added water, and adjusting pH value is 7.6～7.8.The amount of composts or fertilisers of cultivating and water is: composts or fertilisers of cultivating: water=1: 1.4.To add composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the water diameter of packing into is in 28cm, the long pocket that is made by polyethylene for 45cm, makes its formation bar-shaped.Through sterilization, inoculation, cultivate down at 25 ℃.Cover with pocket through 38～42 days mycelia, standby.
The better microclimate conditions that the present invention utilizes corn field to form, construction adapt to flat mushroom to be cultivated and growing environment, makes the hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus growth vigorous, sturdy, pure white dense, and fruiting is fast, and mushroom is damp neat and many, and mushroom meat is thick, and mushroom matter is good.The present invention does not have negative effect to corn growth, and corn is because of being subjected to nutrition of hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus secretion and stimulating growth, robust plant, big panicle many grains per panicle, full grains, grain is brought up again height, and output increases, corn field does not have weed growth simultaneously, has accomplished abundant food and productive mushroom, can reach the good result of increasing both production and income.Experiment shows, intercropping 200mm
2Corn field produces corn 150kg, and bright mushroom 732.5kg simultaneously gathers.In addition, corn intercrop flat mushroom small investment, high efficiency.
Embodiment
The present invention tests in long queue township, western Qian Guo county in Chinese Jilin Province, and the corn variety of selecting for use is No. 13, single corn, and the flat mushroom kind is the purple spore that fungus research institute of Jilin Agriculture University provides pick up the ears [Pleurotussapidus (Schulz.) Sacc.].
Carry out corn seeding in mid or late April, the line-spacing of maize planting is 70cm, and spacing in the rows is 35cm, and density is 41000 strains/hm
2
Begin to make the purple spore bacterium rod of picking up the ears in the first tenday period of a month in May, bacterium rod composts or fertilisers of cultivating is made up of 70% corn cob granule, 8% wheat bran, 20% rice straw powder, 0.2% urea, 0.3% superphosphate, 1.5% quicklime, bacterium rod composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 1: 1.4 with the ratio of water, pH value is 7.7, the charging bag is the Polythene Bag of diameter 28cm, long 45cm, every packed siccative 2.5kg.Sterilization, inoculation are cultivated down at 25 ℃, cover with pocket through 40 days mycelia.
Begin to make the purple spore cultivated species of picking up the ears mid-May, 79.8% corn cob granule, 16.6% wheat bran, 1.1% white sugar, 0.3% KH are arranged in the cultivated species fuel
2PO
4, 1.1% quicklime, 1.1% land plaster, the cultivated species fuel is 1: 1.3 with the ratio of water, pH value is 7.2.Bottling, every bottled siccative 0.2kg.Sterilization, inoculation were cultivated 23 days down at 26 ℃, and mycelia is covered with Cans.
Begin to make cultivate material at the beginning of 6 months, have the corn cob granule of 70% broad bean size, 20% hand hay cutter to become the rice straw of broken section of 10cm, 7.5% wheat bran, 0.3% superphosphate, 0.2% carbendazim, 1% quicklime, 1% land plaster in the cultivate material, pH value adjusts to 7.6.Cultivate material adds water, and the water yield is 65% of total composts or fertilisers of cultivating, mixes after fermentation thoroughly, and temperature is controlled at 65 ℃.Cultivate material through 6 days heap fermentations is a brown, has acid, fragrant and sweet flavor, expects soft and loose getting final product.
Early June is when corn plants during up to 1m, every the wide 65cm of two row corn intercrops, dark 18cm, the mushroom bed of long 10m.Sow preceding 4 days, the mushroom bed watered vola water, treat that soil is dried slightly after, at the bottom of bed, spread the skim lime disinfection.
Early June end,, press 1kg/m with the cultivate material that has fermented
2Evenly be layered in the mushroom bed, inoculate 10% the standby purple spore cultivated species of picking up the ears simultaneously, charge level covers sandy loam 1.7cm after flattening compacting, is incubated, preserves moisture, cultivates.At the above-mentioned purple spore bacterium rod that the purple spore of cultivation is picked up the ears in the mushroom bed between the mushroom bed of cultivated species of picking up the ears of having inoculated, the standby film that covers with the pocket of mycelia is removed, the bacterium rod is disposed across in the mushroom bed, and the 15cm of being separated by between the bacterium rod covers sand clay 1.7cm, is incubated, preserves moisture, cultivates.The mushroom bed after planting keeps the material temperature at 25 ℃, and the cultivate material water content is 65%.Cultivated through 15 days, the mushroom bed level begins to form fruit body primordium.In the sporophore growth process, keep relative air humidity 85%.Through 7 days normal management, after the fruit body cap is open and flat, adopt mushroom.Whenever after having adopted a damp mushroom, conscientiously remove the residual mushroom handle of bed surface, fragment and dead mushroom etc., spray water gently to charge level then, keep cultivate material moistening, make mycelia recover growth and form in order to following damp mushroom.Early June disposable stone sowing is adopted mushroom 4 tides to late September.
Result of the test is 13 days with the bacterium rod intercropping fruiting time, and the first damp mushroom produces 25.6kg, and the second damp mushroom produces 24.8kg, and the 3rd damp mushroom produces 23.7kg, and the 4th damp mushroom produces 21.5kg, and the average moushroom yield of four damp mushrooms is 27.4, with the conversion ratio 95.6% of bacterium rod.With the cultivate material intercropping fruiting time be 21 days, the first damp mushroom produces 18.2kg, the second damp mushroom produces 17.4kg, the 3rd damp mushroom produces 15.3kg, the 4th damp mushroom produces 0kg, the average moushroom yield of three damp mushrooms is 16.9, with the conversion ratio 50.9% of composts or fertilisers of cultivating.The corn real estate corn 7500kg/hm of intercropping
2, bright mushroom 36625kg/hm altogether gathers
2, contrast not intercropping of field flat mushroom produces corn 6500kg/hm
2
Claims (7)
1, a kind of cultivation method of corn intercrop flat mushroom comprises sowing corn, cultivating white mushroom, field management, it is characterized in that at sandy loam upper seeding wheel corn, the line-spacing of corn is 65～75cm, and spacing in the rows is 30～40cm; Make the mushroom bed at the furrow every between two row corns, the mushroom bedside is 60～70cm, is 17～20cm deeply, and length is 9～11m, adopts the mode cultivating white mushroom of cultivated species and bacterium rod; The temperature of cultivate material remains on 20～30 ℃, and the cultivate material water content is 60～70%.
2, the cultivation method of corn intercrop flat mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that mushroom cultivation preceding 3～4 days, and the mushroom bed is watered vola water, treated that soil surface does not have ponding, spread skim quicklime at the bottom of the mushroom bed, to the disinfection of mushroom bed.
3, the cultivation method of corn intercrop flat mushroom according to claim 2 is characterized in that described cultivated species mode is that the cultivate material that will ferment is by 0.5～1.5kg/m
2Amount evenly be layered in the mushroom bed, inoculate 10% standby mushroom cultivation kind in the time of stone, shop one deck cultivate material inoculation one deck mushroom cultivation kind repaves one deck cultivate material inoculation one deck mushroom cultivation kind, charge level covers sandy loam 1.5～2.0cm after flattening compacting; Described bacterium bar mode is a cultivation bacterium rod in the mushroom bed, and the standby bacterium rod that covers with mycelia is disposed across in the mushroom bed, and the 13～17cm of being separated by between the bacterium rod covers sand clay 1.5～2cm simultaneously; In the sporophore growth process, often on milpa, spray water, and strengthen injection flow rate gradually, with charge level not ponding be advisable.
4, the cultivation method of corn intercrop flat mushroom according to claim 3 is characterized in that keeping relative air humidity 80%～90%.
5, the cultivation method of corn intercrop flat mushroom according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described cultivate material includes the corncob 70% that is ground into the broad bean size particles, rice straw 20%, wheat bran 7.5%, superphosphate 0.3%, carbendazim 0.2%, quicklime 1%, the land plaster 1% that cuts up with a hay cutter into long broken section of 8～12cm, PH is 7.5～7.7, mix thoroughly after adding 65% water of total composts or fertilisers of cultivating, fermentation, temperature is controlled at 60 ℃～70 ℃; Described standby mushroom cultivation kind is an inoculation flat mushroom bacterium on the cultivated species fuel, and incubation growth goes out hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus, and the cultivated species fuel includes corn cob granule 79.8%, wheat bran 16.6%, white sugar 1.1%, KH
2PO
40.3%, quicklime 1.1%, land plaster 1.1%, with the cultivated species fuel: the ratio of water=1: 1.3 adds water, and making PH is 7.0～7.4, adds bottling behind the water, sterilization, inoculation, cultivates 21～25 days down at 25 ℃～28 ℃; Described bacterium rod is an inoculation flat mushroom bacterium on composts or fertilisers of cultivating, incubation growth goes out hypha of Pleurotus ostreatus, and make bar-shaped, composts or fertilisers of cultivating includes corn cob granule 70%, wheat bran 8%, rice straw powder 20%, urea 0.2%, superphosphate 0.3%, quicklime 1.5%, with composts or fertilisers of cultivating: the ratio of water=1: 1.4 adds water, adjusting pH value is 7.6～7.8, to add composts or fertilisers of cultivating behind the water diameter of packing into is in 28cm, the long pocket that is made by polyethylene for 45cm, it is bar-shaped through sterilization, inoculation that it is formed, and cultivated 38～42 days down at 25 ℃.
6, the cultivation method of corn intercrop flat mushroom according to claim 5 is characterized in that the flat mushroom kind is that purple spore is picked up the ears.
7, the cultivation method of corn intercrop flat mushroom according to claim 6 is characterized in that the purple spore bacterium rod pH value of picking up the ears is 7.7, and the purple spore cultivated species pH value of picking up the ears is 7.2, and the cultivate material pH value adjusts to 7.6.
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| CN 200310115876 CN1220422C (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2003-12-02 | Intercropping cultivation method for maize and pleurotu ostreatus |
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| CN 200310115876 CN1220422C (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2003-12-02 | Intercropping cultivation method for maize and pleurotu ostreatus |
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| CN1220422C true CN1220422C (en) | 2005-09-28 |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100493331C (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2009-06-03 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Use of culture medium for Agaricus bisporus production |
| BR112012019626A2 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2016-05-03 | Cie Jin Jin Pacifique | planting structure and methods. |
| CN102771310B (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2013-11-13 | 何寒 | Multiplication circulating reproduction method for oyster mushroom and pleurotus geesteranus strains |
| CN104221658B (en) * | 2014-08-17 | 2016-08-17 | 云南农业大学 | Peach tree is utilized to control the implantation methods of sloping upland pollution of area source with Soybean Intercropping |
| CN106171422B (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2019-03-22 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of tillage cultivation method of milpa intercropping agaricus bisporus |
| CN106576903A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-04-26 | 广西炎瑞农业发展有限公司 | Rose and phoenix mushroom intercropping cultivation method |
| CN107417319A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-12-01 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | A kind of planting material and cultural method that flat mushroom is cultivated using maize straw |
| CN107439231A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of intercropping culture method of rose and edible mushroom |
| CN108094086A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-06-01 | 张彦军 | A kind of mechanization banding corn intercrop mushroom cultivation method |
| CN109006172A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-18 | 陵川县森源中药材开发有限公司 | Using corn stover as the mushroom grain rotation system implantation methods of Stropharia rugoso annulata base-material |
| CN109465293A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-03-15 | 杭州造品科技有限公司 | A kind of fungi restorative procedure of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil |
| CN112293165A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-02 | 滁州市金穗农业发展有限公司 | Method for planting mushroom by mulching film in field |
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