CN104221658B - Peach tree is utilized to control the implantation methods of sloping upland pollution of area source with Soybean Intercropping - Google Patents

Peach tree is utilized to control the implantation methods of sloping upland pollution of area source with Soybean Intercropping Download PDF

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CN104221658B
CN104221658B CN201410404948.3A CN201410404948A CN104221658B CN 104221658 B CN104221658 B CN 104221658B CN 201410404948 A CN201410404948 A CN 201410404948A CN 104221658 B CN104221658 B CN 104221658B
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spacing
fertilizer
peach tree
semen sojae
sojae atricolor
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CN104221658A (en
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李元
陈建军
祖艳群
李博
湛方栋
郭先华
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Yunnan Agricultural University
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Yunnan Agricultural University
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Abstract

Peach tree and Soybean Intercropping is utilized to control the implantation methods of sloping upland pollution of area source, conduct therebetween: between two row peach trees, to plant 8 row Semen sojae atricolor, peach tree line-spacing 360cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, 75 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, 8400 plants/acre;Or two plant 10 row Semen sojae atricolor between row peach tree, peach tree line-spacing 380cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, 70 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 35cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, 9500 plants/acre;Or two plant 12 row Semen sojae atricolor between row peach tree, peach tree line-spacing 380cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, 70 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, 11000 plants/acre.The method makes sloping upland flow path surface cut rate reach 35~36%, and total nitrogen discharge cut rate reaches 45~49%, and SS loss cut rate reaches 39~42%, and the output value reaches 6797~7431 yuan/mu simultaneously, controls sloping upland pollution of area source significantly.

Description

Peach tree is utilized to control the implantation methods of sloping upland pollution of area source with Soybean Intercropping
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, be specifically related to one and utilize peach tree to control source, sloping upland face with Soybean Intercropping The implantation methods polluted.
Background technology
Sloping upland is one of important land use pattern of China, accounts for the 63.9% of arable land at Yunnan Province's sloping upland, existing Being often sloping upland landforms around the waters such as rivers, lake, the agro-farming operation Chang Yi that sloping upland is made causes in farmland Nutritive salt, pesticide and other pollutant, by rainwash, interflow, agricultural drain and underground leakage, enter water Body and form widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.At present, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area has become the primary pollution source in the waters such as rivers, lake.
Unreasonable farming on sloping upland causes rainfall to aggravate Soil erosion, forms a large amount of rainwash, is sloping upland agriculture The main origin cause of formation of industry pollution of area source.Ecological Control Technology because its expense is relatively low, can in many ways be benefited, condition of compatibility wider Etc. advantage, have become as the effective way controlling sloping upland widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.Cropping pattern to agricultural surface runoff and Soil erosion has important impact, and rational cropping pattern can effectively cut down sloping upland rainwash and Soil erosion, closely Nian Lai, along with relevant scholar agro-afforestation system is studied more deep, utilize different combination of forestal and agricultural crops pattern pair Sloping upland widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is controlled also receiving more concern, and rational combination of forestal and agricultural crops pattern is obtaining good control While dirty effect, moreover it is possible to be effectively improved productivity effect, increase farmers' income, produce good ecology, economy and society Can benefit.Therefore, the different combination of forestal and agricultural crops pattern of research is to sloping upland flow path surface and the nutrient such as nitrogen, phosphorus in runoff The impact of number of dropouts, screening is effectively cut down the cropping pattern of sloping upland runoff pollution, can be controlled for the waters such as rivers, lake The method reducing sloping upland pollution of area source of reason offer science.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the agricultural surface runoff amount overcoming existing sloping upland farmland planting pattern to cause Big with defect and the deficiency such as the nutrient number of dropouts such as nitrogen, phosphorus in runoff is high, thus a kind of easy, easily grasp, low is provided The peach tree that effectively utilizes put into controls the implantation methods of sloping upland pollution of area source with Soybean Intercropping.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, what the inventive method was provided utilizes peach tree to control source, sloping upland face with Soybean Intercropping The implantation methods polluted, comprises the following steps:
Peach tree and Soybean Intercropping, described peach tree (Amygdalus persica L) and Semen sojae atricolor (Glycine max) catch cropping For: 1. planting 8 row Semen sojae atricolor between two row peach trees, plantation specification is: peach tree line-spacing 360cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, plants Training density 75 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 8400 plants/acre;Or 2. two row peach trees it Between plant 10 row Semen sojae atricolor, plantation specification is: peach tree line-spacing 380cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, planting density 70 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 35cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 9500 plants/acre;Or 3. plant 12 row Semen sojae atricolor between two row peach trees, Plantation specification is: peach tree line-spacing 380cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, planting density 70 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 30cm, strain Away from 20cm, planting density 11000 plants/acre.
Described utilize peach tree and Soybean Intercropping control the implantation methods of sloping upland pollution of area source, further comprising the steps of:
1. applying fertilizer to the subsoil peach tree and topdress: the base fertilizer of peach tree is fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the fertilization time of base fertilizer is annual JIUYUE~October, use the mode ploughed deeply of in the ranks ditching, the intrinsic pressure grass of ditch, and apply fertilizer and compound fertilizer, described Fertilizer is the pig manure become thoroughly decomposed, and the consumption of fertilizer is 300kg/ mu, and the consumption of compound fertilizer is 15kg/ mu;In peach tree Florescence spraying fertilizer, consumption is 20kg/ mu, and described topdresses as compound fertilizer, topdress executed compound fertilizer and answering that base fertilizer is executed Hefei is identical;Content >=10% of the middle N of described compound fertilizer, P2O5Content >=5%, K2Content >=10% of O, institute The percent stated is mass fraction;
2. Semen sojae atricolor is applied fertilizer to the subsoil: the base fertilizer of Semen sojae atricolor is fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, described fertilizer and the base fertilizer of peach tree Fertilizer used is identical, and its Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 100kg/ mu, the P in calcium superphosphate used2O5Content >=16.0%, described percent is mass fraction, and the consumption of calcium superphosphate is 20kg/ mu, and the fertilization time of base fertilizer is every Year 4~soybean planting in May disposably apply when combining whole ground, Semen sojae atricolor not spraying fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the inventive method by the reasonably combined of peach tree and Soybean Intercropping pattern and reasonably plants specification, improves light Energy utilization rate, improves soil coverage rate and crop border effect simultaneously, promotes peach tree and the Semen sojae atricolor absorption to liquid manure Utilize, reach volume increase and stable yields purpose while, reduce nitrogen in agricultural surface runoff amount and agricultural surface runoff, The loss of the nutrient substance such as phosphorus.Its mechanism is based primarily upon reasonable catch cropping and can accomplish agricultural land soil and hydrothermal resources sufficiently Utilize, the legume absorption to nitrogen, supplement the demand of fruit tree nitrogen, reduce the input of nitrogenous fertilizer.Fructus Persicae of the present invention Tree and Soybean Intercropping pattern strengthen and retain rainfall and ground mulching, it is to avoid or weaken raindrop ground is splashed, Decrease the effect of runoff.
2, the inventive method makes sloping upland flow path surface cut rate (%) reach 35.44~36.82%, and rainwash is total The number of dropouts cut rate (%) of nitrogen reaches 45.37%~49.52%, and rainwash SS number of dropouts cut rate (%) reaches 39.30%~42.31%, ensure that the output value reaches 6797~7431 yuan/mu simultaneously, effect is particularly significant, shows: the inventive method Both can guarantee that the output value, and ensured the income of peasant, sloping upland pollution of area source can be controlled again significantly, for rivers, lake etc. The improvement in waters provides the method reducing sloping upland pollution of area source of science, protects ecological environment.
3, the inventive method be prone to grasp, application convenient, suitable for large area applications.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The inventive method is made 3 process, respectively process 1, process 2 and process 3, two comparisons: right by embodiment According to 1 and comparison 2.
Processing 1 is:
Experiment material: peach variety is " Yan Hong " (Amygdalus persica L), gathers in the crops mid-June;Soybean varieties is " precocity eats green soyabeans raw " (Leguminosae Tephrosia), period of duration is 5 first quarter moons, and the sowing time is late May, Mid-October gathers in the crops.
Experiment place: great Dong Chong village, Guandu District's big slab bridge town, Kunming, Yunnan Province.
Applying fertilizer:
1. fertilizer: the pig manure become thoroughly decomposed.
2. compound fertilizer: compound fertilizer is NPK, content >=10% of the middle N of described compound fertilizer, P2O5Content >=5%, K2Content >=10% of O, described percent is mass fraction.
3. calcium superphosphate: the P in calcium superphosphate2O5Content >=16.0%, described percent is matter Amount mark.
1.1 implantation methods are peach tree and Soybean Intercropping:
Peach tree and Soybean Intercropping, two row peach tree catch cropping 8 row Semen sojae atricolor.
Planting specification for 1.2 kinds is:
Peach tree line-spacing 360cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, planting density 75 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, Planting density 8400 plants/acre;
1.3 fertilisings:
1. applying fertilizer to the subsoil peach tree and topdress: the base fertilizer of peach tree is fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the fertilization time of base fertilizer is annual JIUYUE, uses the mode ploughed deeply of in the ranks ditching, the intrinsic pressure grass of ditch, and discharges fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and the consumption of fertilizer is 300kg/ mu, the consumption of compound fertilizer is 15kg/ mu;Using compound fertilizer's spraying fertilizer in the florescence of peach tree, the consumption of compound fertilizer is 20kg/ mu.
2. applying fertilizer to the subsoil Semen sojae atricolor: the base fertilizer of Semen sojae atricolor is fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, its Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 100kg/ mu, The consumption of calcium superphosphate is 20kg/ mu, the fertilization time of base fertilizer be annual April soybean planting disposably execute when combining whole ground Enter (the most annual 4~soybean planting in May, its wholely, apply fertilizer to the subsoil and soybean planting is carried out simultaneously), Semen sojae atricolor is not executed and chases after Fertile.
The daily management of peach tree and Semen sojae atricolor is carried out according to a conventional method.
The yield of fresh Fructus Persicae is 2119kg/ mu, and in terms of 3.0 yuan/kg, the output value of fresh Fructus Persicae is 6357 yuan/mu;The yield of Semen sojae atricolor For 110kg/ mu, in terms of 4.0 yuan/kg, the output value of Semen sojae atricolor is 440 yuan/mu;Two totals, the output value processing 1 is 6797 Unit/mu.
2, process 2 is in addition to following measures difference, and remaining measure is identical with process 1:
2.1 implantation methods are peach tree and Soybean Intercropping:
Peach tree and Soybean Intercropping, plant 10 row Semen sojae atricolor between two row peach trees.
Planting specification for 2.2 kinds is:
Peach tree line-spacing 380cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, planting density 70 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 35cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, Planting density 9500 plants/acre.
The yield of fresh Fructus Persicae is 2068kg/ mu, and in terms of 3.0 yuan/kg, the output value of fresh Fructus Persicae is 6204 yuan/mu;The yield of Semen sojae atricolor For 126kg/ mu, in terms of 4.0 yuan/kg, the output value of Semen sojae atricolor is 504 yuan/mu;Two totals, the output value of process 2 is 6708 yuan/mu.
3, process 3 is in addition to following measures difference, and remaining measure is identical with process 1:
3.1 implantation methods are peach tree and Soybean Intercropping:
Peach tree and Soybean Intercropping, plant 12 row Semen sojae atricolor between two row peach trees.
Planting specification for 3.2 kinds is:
Plantation specification is: peach tree line-spacing 380cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, planting density 70 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 30cm, Spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 11000 plants/acre.
The yield of fresh Fructus Persicae is 2133kg/ mu, and in terms of 3.0 yuan/kg, the output value of fresh Fructus Persicae is 6399 yuan/mu;The yield of Semen sojae atricolor For 128.5kg/ mu, in terms of 4.0 yuan/kg, the output value of Semen sojae atricolor is 514 yuan/mu;Two totals, the output value of process is 6913 Unit/mu.
Comparison 1 is:
The line-spacing nonocultures such as peach tree, plantation specification is: peach tree line-spacing 360cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, planting density 75 strain/ Mu;
The yield of fresh Fructus Persicae is 2263kg/ mu, and in terms of 3.0 yuan/kg, the output value of comparison 1 fresh Fructus Persicae is 6789 yuan/mu;
Comparison 2 is:
The line-spacing nonocultures such as Semen sojae atricolor, plantation specification is: Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 11000 strain/ Mu;
The yield of Semen sojae atricolor is 132.4kg/ mu, and in terms of 4.0 yuan/kg, the output value compareing 2 Semen sojae atricolor is 529.6 yuan/mu.
The impact effect of sloping upland pollution of area source is referred to table 1 by each process above.
Table 1 respectively processes sloping upland pollution of area source and controls situation
In table 1, TN represents that total nitrogen, SS represent float, is all by China's " water and effluent monitoring analyze method " (the Four editions) in national standard method record;Cut rate (%) in table is all and compares 1 ratio.Show:
The inventive method makes the loss of surface runoff amount of sloping upland be 99.79~101.97m3/hm2, its loss of surface runoff amount Having cut down 35.44~36.82%, in rainwash, the number of dropouts of total nitrogen has cut down 45.37%~49.52%, in rainwash SS number of dropouts has cut down 39.30%~42.31%, ensures that the output value reaches 6797~7431 yuan/mu simultaneously, both ensure that the output value, Having ensured farmers' income, can control again sloping upland pollution of area source significantly, the improvement for the waters such as rivers, lake provides The method reducing sloping upland pollution of area source of science, protects ecological environment.

Claims (2)

1. utilize peach tree to control the implantation methods of sloping upland pollution of area source with Soybean Intercropping, comprise the following steps:
Peach tree and Soybean Intercropping, described peach tree and Soybean Intercropping be: 1. plants 8 row Semen sojae atricolor between two row peach trees, Plantation specification is: peach tree line-spacing 360cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, planting density 75 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 40cm, Spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 8400 plants/acre;Or 2. plant 10 row Semen sojae atricolor between two row peach trees, plant specification For: peach tree line-spacing 380cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, planting density 70 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 35cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, planting density 9500 plants/acre;Or 3. plant 12 row Semen sojae atricolor between two row peach trees, plantation specification is: Peach tree line-spacing 380cm, spacing in the rows 250cm, planting density 70 plants/acre, Semen sojae atricolor line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, Planting density 11000 plants/acre.
The plantation utilizing peach tree and Soybean Intercropping control sloping upland pollution of area source the most according to claim 1 Method, further comprising the steps of:
1. peach tree applied fertilizer to the subsoil and topdress: the base fertilizer of peach tree is fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the fertilization time of base fertilizer For annual JIUYUE~October, use the mode ploughed deeply of in the ranks ditching, the intrinsic pressure grass of ditch, and apply fertilizer and multiple Hefei, described fertilizer is the pig manure become thoroughly decomposed, and the consumption of fertilizer is 300kg/ mu, and the consumption of compound fertilizer is 15kg/ mu;At the spraying fertilizer in florescence of peach tree, consumption is 20kg/ mu, described topdresses as compound fertilizer, topdresses The compound fertilizer that the compound fertilizer executed is executed with base fertilizer is identical;Content >=10% of the middle N of described compound fertilizer, P2O5Contain Amount >=5%, K2Content >=10% of O, described percent is mass fraction;
2. Semen sojae atricolor is applied fertilizer to the subsoil: the base fertilizer of Semen sojae atricolor is fertilizer and calcium superphosphate, and described fertilizer is for becoming thoroughly decomposed Pig manure, Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 100kg/ mu, the P in calcium superphosphate used2O5Content >=16.0% mass Mark, the consumption of calcium superphosphate is 20kg/ mu, and the fertilization time of base fertilizer is annual 4~soybean planting in May combines Disposably apply during whole ground, Semen sojae atricolor not spraying fertilizer.
CN201410404948.3A 2014-08-17 2014-08-17 Peach tree is utilized to control the implantation methods of sloping upland pollution of area source with Soybean Intercropping Expired - Fee Related CN104221658B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6631585B1 (en) * 2001-01-02 2003-10-14 Marvin J. Williams, Jr. Intercropping process
CN1545845A (en) * 2003-12-02 2004-11-17 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Intercropping cultivation method for maize and pleurotu ostreatus
CN102498897A (en) * 2011-11-11 2012-06-20 云南农业大学 Planting method for using interplanting of corn with cabbage and pea to control field non-point source pollution
CN103843560A (en) * 2014-02-24 2014-06-11 上海大学 Intercropping planting method of corns, tomatoes and pole beans
CN103907469A (en) * 2014-04-23 2014-07-09 张文艳 Method for interplanting cowpeas and corn

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6631585B1 (en) * 2001-01-02 2003-10-14 Marvin J. Williams, Jr. Intercropping process
CN1545845A (en) * 2003-12-02 2004-11-17 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 Intercropping cultivation method for maize and pleurotu ostreatus
CN102498897A (en) * 2011-11-11 2012-06-20 云南农业大学 Planting method for using interplanting of corn with cabbage and pea to control field non-point source pollution
CN103843560A (en) * 2014-02-24 2014-06-11 上海大学 Intercropping planting method of corns, tomatoes and pole beans
CN103907469A (en) * 2014-04-23 2014-07-09 张文艳 Method for interplanting cowpeas and corn

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