CN108157059A - A kind of coprinus comatus production method - Google Patents
A kind of coprinus comatus production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108157059A CN108157059A CN201711461969.9A CN201711461969A CN108157059A CN 108157059 A CN108157059 A CN 108157059A CN 201711461969 A CN201711461969 A CN 201711461969A CN 108157059 A CN108157059 A CN 108157059A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of coprinus comatus production methods, belong to field of edible fungus culture.For solve coprinus comatus protein content be difficult improve again, shelf life is short, the fresh-keeping unhealthy effect of gimmick of tradition is poor the problems such as, coprinus comatus production method provided by the invention is：1) it is inoculated with；2) bacterium germination；3) earthing and fruiting.The effect for effectively extending and being significantly improved into bacterium shelf life and protein content is finally realized using the above method, the coprinus comatus produced using method provided by the invention, contain protein 30.2g in per the dry coprinus comatus of l00g, in 5~10 DEG C of refrigerated shelf, shelf life is 8 10 days, and brown stain does not occur in 8 10 days and moisture has no apparent loss.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of edible fungus culture, and in particular to a kind of new coprinus comatus production method.
Background technology
Coprinus comatus, scientific name are shaggy caps, and because it is shaped like chicken leg, meat is gained the name like shredded chicken, has no chicken flavor, is in recent years
Come the rare bacterium product with business potential manually developed, it is known as " rising star in bacterium ".Coprinus comatus is full of nutrition, delicious flavour,
Mouthfeel is fabulous, has very high nutritive value.
Coprinus comatus is also known as coprinus comatus, shaggy cap, thorn mushroom etc., and because it is shaped like chicken leg, taste is gained the name like shredded chicken.Per l00g
Containing protein 25.9g in dry coprinus comatus, total reducing sugar 56.2g, fatty 2.9g, crude fibre 7.1g, ash content 12.0g, calcium 112mg, phosphorus
695mg, iron 32.5mg, vitamin B l 0.83mg, vitamin B2 1.15mg, 1447.7 joules of thermal energy value.8 in its protein
Kind amino acid needed by human all has, special lysine and leucine content very abundant.Coprinus comatus is sweet in flavor mild-natured, beneficial
Taste clear away heart-fire and allay excitement, is aid digestion, increasing appetite, blood pressure lowering, antitumor and other effects.It is often edible to improve immune function of human body, increase
Strong disease resistance.Containing multiple biological activities enzyme in fresh mushroom, there are a variety of physiological actions.But according to current culture medium and culture
The coprinus comatus of method production, protein content therein is difficult to be improved again.
Fresh coprinus comatus has extremely strong respiration, once leaving culture medium, it is a large amount of to adopt mushroom body moisture in latter 4-5 days
It scatters and disappears, lamella browning first, then entire mushroom face jaundice browning, flavor also deterioration therewith loses commodity value.Therefore, extend
Fresh mushroom transport and Time To Market, solve the problems, such as its adopt after it is fresh-keeping, be the only way of coprinus comatus industry development.It is asked in face of this
Topic, those skilled in the art are usually using traditional fresh-keeping such as the anti-corrosion with sodium pyrosulfite color protection and potassium sorbate, though have
Better effects, but to health toxic side effect and carcinogenesis.In addition such as VC is used for color protection and Restrain browning, effect
Difference, it is unstable.Therefore, how to extend the shelf life of mushroom, Restrain browning is always insoluble technical barrier.
Invention content
To solve, above-mentioned coprinus comatus protein content is difficult to improve and coprinus comatus shelf life is short, the fresh-keeping gimmick of tradition
The problems such as unhealthy effect is poor, the present invention provide a kind of chicken leg mushroom culture medium and production method.
Chicken leg mushroom culture medium provided by the invention can be (as mass fraction)：
Formula 1：Corncob coarse powder 82%, wheat bran 10%, cake powder 2%, urea 0.3%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate
1.5%, lime 3.3%；
Formula 2：Corncob coarse powder 60%, cotton seed hulls 35%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, quick lime 3%；
Formula 3：Corn stalk coarse powder 75%, dry cow dung 20%, urea 0.3%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, raw stone
Ash 2.7%；
Formula 4：Peanut vines fine powder 65%, cotton seed hulls 25%, wheat bran 5%, urea 0.3%, land plaster 1%, peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium 1%, quick lime 2.7%；
Formula 5：Bag cultivating mushroom mushroom bran (broken) 65%, corncob 30%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, quick lime
3%；
Formula 6：Waste cotton slag 40%, corncob coarse powder 35%, dry cow dung 15%, wheat bran 5%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate
1%, quick lime 3%.
Above-mentioned formula expects that water weight ratio is 1 ︰ 1.7-1 before fermentation process:2.0, pH is natural.
The culture medium is handled by heap fermentation, and water content 65wt% or so is expected after fermentation.
The heap fermentation processing, specially：1000kg~1500kg training material are built up into a hemispherical material heap, from heap bottom
The reserved space of the heart draws a ventilation duct, and an external small blast fan after heap surface is clapped, is uniformly left blank to the pre- of pile core
Interleave venthole.It builds heap to finish, with covered rearing with plastic film material heap and be compacted periphery.When fermentation bed of material maximum temperature reaches 65 DEG C
More than, intermittent air blast, each 0.5h or so, interval 2h~3h are carried out with air blower, night stops air blast, covers straw mat, dimension
It holds and carries out first time turning afterwards for 24 hours.Heap surface layer should be expected to turn to inside during turning, top and underlying material are turned among heap.Turning
It builds heap again afterwards, after heating up again, intermittent air blast is carried out by first time fermentation calefaction draft type, and so on, turning 3 altogether
~4 times.After last time turning, material heap is covered tightly into film, is no longer divulged information, it is made to heat up naturally, when comprehensively, uniformly material temperature reaches
At 60 DEG C, heap is spread out after keeping 48h, fully dry in the air exhaust heat and exhaust gas.The culture material fermented is in sepia, and free from extraneous odour uses lime
Water tune pH7.5~pH8.0, water content 65% or so.Fermentation total time is 9d~12d.
Advantageous effect
Using above-mentioned medium culture coprinus comatus, coprinus comatus growth cycle is short, contains protein in the dry coprinus comatus of every l00g
30.2g substantially increases protein content in coprinus comatus, improves the nutritive value of coprinus comatus, solves coprinus comatus production neck
The technical issues of domain people want to solve not solve but always.
Coprinus comatus production method provided by the invention is：
1) it is inoculated with：Strain of coprinus comatus is inoculated into culture medium under aseptic condition；
2) bacterium germination：
At 20 DEG C~25 DEG C, 21-26 DEG C of material temperature, relative air humidity is controlled in 55-65% for room temperature control, keeps air new
Fresh, shading culture, 10d pricks micropore, and the powder that limes at material bag strain layer position after inoculation.Through 30d~40d, until mycelia is long
Full bacterium bag；
3) earthing and fruiting
Mycelia purseful postcondition is constant, does not continue shading, then place 7d~10d, earthing, thickness of earth covering 3cm, logical in time
Wind is taken a breath, and 10d~15d mycelia grows saturating overburden layer, carries out second of earthing again at this time, and thickness of earth covering 1cm, condition is constant, warp
5d~7d enters the mushroom flower bud idiophase；Fruiting temperature control at 15 DEG C~20 DEG C, keep mushroom house in relative air humidity 85%~
90%, continue to cultivate 7d~10d, until chicken leg massee fruiting bodies grow up to.
When have on coprinus comatus cap a small amount of scale, stem start elongation, collarium just loosen when, you can harvesting.
Advantageous effect
Coprinus comatus production method provided by the invention helps to improve coprinus comatus and contains into the moisture inside bacterium stem and cap
Amount, it is suitable to make into inside and outside bacterium stem and cap moisture distribution, in combination with the adjusting of the temperature, humidity of each step, most
The effect effectively extended into bacterium shelf life, the coprinus comatus produced using method provided by the invention, at 5~10 DEG C are realized eventually
Refrigerated shelf in, shelf life is 8-10 days, and moisture is not significantly lost in and brown stain does not occur in 8-10 days.
Specific embodiment
Raw material that once culture medium uses in embodiment are fresh, without going mouldy, without insect pest.
16 kinds of chicken leg mushroom culture mediums of embodiment (formula is as mass fraction)
Formula 1：Corncob coarse powder 82%, wheat bran 10%, cake powder 2%, urea 0.3%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate
1.5%, lime 3.3%；
Formula 2：Corncob coarse powder 60%, cotton seed hulls 35%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, quick lime 3%；
Formula 3：Corn stalk coarse powder 75%, dry cow dung 20%, urea 0.3%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, raw stone
Ash 2.7%；
Formula 4：Peanut vines fine powder 65%, cotton seed hulls 25%, wheat bran 5%, urea 0.3%, land plaster 1%, peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium 1%, quick lime 2.7%；
Formula 5：Bag cultivating mushroom mushroom bran (broken) 65%, corncob 30%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, quick lime
3%；
Formula 6：Waste cotton slag 40%, corncob coarse powder 35%, dry cow dung 15%, wheat bran 5%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate
1%, quick lime 3%.
Above-mentioned formula expects that water weight ratio is 1: 1.7, pH natures before fermentation process.
Each raw material are weighed by formula 1, all raw materials are stirred 30 minutes, while stirring plus water (expects water weight ratio
It is 1: 1.7).Water is added to continue to stir 50 points of kinds.Choose topography it is higher, it is flat hardening, southern exposure place, by 1000kg~
1500kg training material build up a hemispherical material heap, and a ventilation duct, an external minidrum are drawn from the reserved space at heap bottom center
Wind turbine after heap surface is clapped, uniformly inserts stomata to the reserved space of pile core.It builds heap to finish, with covered rearing with plastic film material heap simultaneously
Periphery is compacted.When fermenting, bed of material maximum temperature reaches 65 DEG C or more, carries out intermittent air blast with air blower, each 0.5h is left
The right side, interval 2h~3h, night stop air blast, cover straw mat, maintain to carry out first time turning afterwards for 24 hours.It should be by heap surface layer during turning
Material turns to inside, and top and underlying material are turned among heap.Again heap is built after turning, after heating up again, by first time fermentation calefaction
Draft type carries out intermittent air blast, and so on, turning 3~4 times altogether.After last time turning, material heap is covered tightly into film, no
Divulge information again, it made to heat up naturally, when material temperature comprehensively, uniformly reach 60 DEG C when, keep 48h after spread out heap, fully dry in the air exhaust heat and it is useless
Gas.The culture material fermented is in sepia, free from extraneous odour, with limewash tune pH7.5~pH8.0, water content 65% or so.Fermentation is total
Time is 9d~12d.
Thick bag bacterium bag cultivation, cylinder film specification are 65cm × 55cm, charging thickness about 12cm~15cm.Pack finishes timely progress
Sterilizing, prevents compost rancid, and sterilizing maintenance 100 DEG C of steam sterilizing 12h of 3h or normal pressure, boil in a covered pot over a slow fire 3h under 0.15MPa steam pressures
Bacterium bag is taken out into cooled to room temperature after~8h, obtains culture medium 1.
For being formulated 2-6, prepare according to the method described above, respectively obtain culture medium 2-6.
2 coprinus comatus production method of embodiment
The culture medium prepared using embodiment 1：
1) it is inoculated with：
It is inoculated in inoculating hood or desinfection chamber by sterile working regulation, space disinfectant is different using ultraviolet light, dichloro
NaDCC aerosol disinfectant and 75% alcohol.It is sowed using the layer broadcast mode of three layers of two layered material of strain, strain block is not during inoculation
It is preferably broken small, it to disseminate uniformly.Sowing quantity is the 10% of compost.
2) bacterium germination
The temperature, humidity and ventilation condition of culturing room are after planting controlled, strain to be promoted quickly to sprout, restoration ecosystem,
The occurrence and development of pre- antiforeign bacteria are wanted simultaneously.The control of bacterium germination stage room temperature is at 20 DEG C~25 DEG C, and material temperature is usually no more than 26 DEG C, sky
Gas phase to humid control 65% hereinafter, keep air it is fresh, shading culture, and frequently fall bag, often check, find living contaminants
Bag, chooses processing in time.10d or so pricks micropore, and the powder that limes at material bag strain layer position after inoculation, to promote bacterium germination.About
Through 30d~40d, until mycelia covers with bacterium bag.
3) earthing and fruiting
Earthing：
Mycelia purseful postcondition is constant, does not continue shading, then place 7d~10d, carries out earthing.Go out in vinyl house
Mushroom, the ground furrow of width about 90cm, depth 15cm are built by south-north direction, and the surrounding at furrow bottom and furrow spreads one layer of pulverized limestone.It will send out bacterium good
Bacterium bag slough film, lie low in the furrow dug, the gap of 3cm~5cm stayed between bacteria stick, will be between bag with processed earthing
Gap is filled and led up, and pours a heavy water, in the moistening earthing of entire charge level overlying thickness 3cm or so, sprays 1% limewash in right amount, most
Afterwards furrow face moisturizing is covered with film.Bacterium bag passes through first time earthing, and 10d~15d mycelia can grow overburden layer, at this time again into
Row covers fine earth for the second time, and thickness of earth covering is about 1cm, enters the mushroom flower bud idiophase through 5d~7d.
Fruiting：
When there is 1/3 left and right area mushroom flower bud occur on overburden layer, film is thrown off, keeps relative air humidity in mushroom house
85%~90%, and timely ventilation, promote young mushroom robust growth.The mushroom period management of coprinus comatus be mainly temperature control, moisturizing and
Ventilation.The control of fruiting temperature is advisable at 15 DEG C~20 DEG C, and relatively low temperature can stimulate mushroom flower bud to be formed.In 13 DEG C~17 DEG C of temperature
In the range of, sporophore growth is slow, high-quality；For temperature more than 20 DEG C, sporophore growth is fast, of poor quality, easily susceptible.Coprinus comatus children flower bud
It should not directly spray and water to fruiting face after formation, to spray wall and water based on aisle, keep space humidity；Periodically ventilation,
It keeps with fresh air, prevents fructification teratogenesis；Appropriate illumination is given, stimulates fruiting, healthy and strong mushroom body.In suitable condition
Under, through 7d~10d, chicken leg massee fruiting bodies grow up to substantially.
Harvesting management
When have on coprinus comatus cap a small amount of scale, stem start elongation, collarium just loosen when, you can harvesting.Generally 7
Harvesting is preferred during~8 maturation.Coprinus comatus after harvesting will prune mud root, strike off soil, be listed by standard grading, packaging.Such as into
Row Brine processing, timely processing, with prevent-browning.
Damp mushroom management afterwards
Charge level is cleared up in time after the harvesting of one damp mushroom, residual mushroom, disease pest mushroom, dead mushroom, rotten mushroom, pathological material of disease and other impurity is thorough
Excavate, remove buried outside mushroom house, a then heavy water of bacterium bed spray, then fill new soil.Two damp mushrooms can be gone out generally after 10d.
As stated above produce 6 batches of coprinus comatus, respectively using culture medium 1-6 produce coprinus comatus, be respectively designated as batch 1,
2、3、4、5、6。
Comparative example 1
Culture material formula：100 kilograms of cotton seed hulls, 2 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 0.5 kilogram of urea, 2 kilograms of lime, 160 kilograms of water.
Compost is fully mixed thoroughly, heap buildup is 1 meter high, and 1.2~1.5 meters wide, length is unlimited.Plastic film heat preservation is covered,
Turning after being kept for 10 hours at 60~70 DEG C, when temperature reaches 60~70 DEG C, then is kept for 10 hours again, fermentation ends.After spreading for cooling
It is laid in prior whole good furrow face, material is 10~20 centimetres thick, and point 3 layers of sowing, sowing quantity is the 15% of compost.Sowing finishes,
Smooth charge level, is slightly compacted, and finally covers the loam of 5 cm thicks or first covers plastic film heat preservation, moisturizing.After mycelia grows well
Remove plastic film earthing, first cover thick soil (being prewetted in advance with limewash, soil is 0.8~1.2 centimetre thick), then cover fine earth again, spray
Water moisturizing, culture is ripe to fructification always.
Coprinus comatus 3 batches is produced as stated above, and batch is named as a, b, c.
1 embodiment 1 of table, comparative example 1 produce obtained coprinus comatus contrast table
| Batch | Contain protein (g) in the dry coprinus comatus of l00g | Shelf life (5~10 DEG C of refrigerated shelfs, day) |
| 1 | 30.3 | 6-8 |
| 2 | 30.3 | 8-10 |
| 3 | 30.5 | 7-8 |
| 4 | 30.1 | 8-10 |
| 5 | 30.7 | 8-10 |
| 6 | 30.5 | 8-10 |
| a | 25.5 | 4-5 |
| b | 25.9 | 4-6 |
| c | 25.9 | 2-4 |
From table 1 it follows that compared to the comparative example 1 for using ordinary culture medium, the culture medium prepared using embodiment 1
Embodiment obtained by coprinus comatus, protein content is significantly improved；Comparative example 1 with using general production method, uses this hair
The production method production coprinus comatus of bright offer, the shelf life of coprinus comatus, which has, to be significantly improved, and the coprinus comatus that embodiment 2 produces,
Whiteness is high, and the brown stain time is the 8-10 days of shelf time, and apparent water loss is had no in the shelf time.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of coprinus comatus production method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
1) it is inoculated with：Strain of coprinus comatus is inoculated into culture medium under aseptic condition；
2) bacterium germination：Room temperature control is at 20 DEG C~25 DEG C, and 21-26 DEG C of material temperature, relative air humidity control is in 55-65%, holding sky
Gas is fresh, shading culture, and 10d pricks micropore, and the powder that limes at material bag strain layer position after inoculation, through 30d~40d, until bacterium
Filament length expires bacterium bag；
3) earthing and fruiting：Mycelia purseful postcondition is constant, does not continue shading, then place 7d~10d, earthing, and thickness of earth covering is
3cm, timely ventilation, 10d~15d mycelia grow saturating overburden layer, carry out second of earthing, thickness of earth covering 1cm, item again at this time
Part is constant, enters the mushroom flower bud idiophase through 5d~7d；Fruiting temperature is controlled at 15 DEG C~20 DEG C, keeps air in mushroom house relatively wet
Degree 85%~90% continues to cultivate 7d~10d, until chicken leg massee fruiting bodies grow up to.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1) the culture medium prescription is：As mass fraction, it is beautiful
Rice core coarse powder 82%, wheat bran 10%, cake powder 2%, urea 0.3%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1.5%, lime 3.3%.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1) the culture medium prescription is：As mass fraction, it is beautiful
Rice core coarse powder 60%, cotton seed hulls 35%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, quick lime 3%.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1) the culture medium prescription is：As mass fraction, it is beautiful
Rice straw coarse powder 75%, dry cow dung 20%, urea 0.3%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, quick lime 2.7%.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1) the culture medium prescription is：As mass fraction, flower
Raw vines fine powder 65%, cotton seed hulls 25%, wheat bran 5%, urea 0.3%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, quick lime
2.7%.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1) the culture medium prescription is：As mass fraction, bag
Plant mushroom class mushroom bran (broken) 65%, corncob 30%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, quick lime 3%.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1) the culture medium prescription is：As mass fraction, it gives up
Cotton slag 40%, corncob coarse powder 35%, dry cow dung 15%, wheat bran 5%, land plaster 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, quick lime 3%.
8. according to any one of claim 2-7 the methods, it is characterised in that：The culture medium is handled by heap fermentation, hair
Ferment before processing material water weight ratio is 1 ︰ 1.7-1:2.0, expect that water content 65wt%, pH are natural after fermentation.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108934752A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-07 | 靖西市秀美边城农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of substituting stuff cultivation giant glossy ganoderma |
| CN108934751A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-07 | 靖西市秀美边城农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method improving black fungus content of mineral substances |
| CN110498831A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-26 | 山东中医药大学 | A kind of preparation method and applications of liquid fermentation shaggy mane mycelium body protein |
| CN114375762A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-22 | 南京吾悦农业科技有限公司 | Coprinus comatus ecological cycle cultivation method |
| CN114431074A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-06 | 青海省农林科学院 | Coprinus comatus cultivation method |
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| CN114375762A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-22 | 南京吾悦农业科技有限公司 | Coprinus comatus ecological cycle cultivation method |
| CN114431074A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-06 | 青海省农林科学院 | Coprinus comatus cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20180615 |