CN112042462A - Wild-imitating planting method for black termitomyces albuminosus and application of wild-imitating planting method - Google Patents
Wild-imitating planting method for black termitomyces albuminosus and application of wild-imitating planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112042462A CN112042462A CN202010782247.9A CN202010782247A CN112042462A CN 112042462 A CN112042462 A CN 112042462A CN 202010782247 A CN202010782247 A CN 202010782247A CN 112042462 A CN112042462 A CN 112042462A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, and particularly discloses a wild-imitating planting method for black-skin termitomyces albuminosus and application thereof, wherein the wild-imitating planting method for the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus is used for planting by utilizing forest lands with certain shading degree to discharge fungus bags containing black-skin termitomyces albuminosus strains, so that the high yield and income increase of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus can be realized, meanwhile, the planting cost is reduced, the wild-imitating planting method is suitable for large-area popularization and planting of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus, and the problem that the existing black-skin termitomyces albuminosus planting mode is mostly a greenhouse and industrial cultivation mode and is not suitable for large-area popularization and planting is solved; moreover, a large amount of organic fertilizer and nutrient components of trees can be provided for the forest, two organisms are complementary and can mutually grow, the growth of the fruit forest of the trees is vigorous, the high yield of the black termitomyces albuminosus is increased, and the planting cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a wild-imitating planting method of black termitomyces albuminosus and application thereof.
Background
The black-skin collybia albuminosa (black-skin collybia albuminosa) is also called as the vetch mushroom, and has good edible and medicinal values, unique taste, edible raw and cooked, rich nutrition and is popular among people because of containing rich amino acid, vitamin, polyphenol, polysaccharide, flavone and other bioactive components.
At present, the black-skin collybia albuminosa is mostly cultivated in a greenhouse or in an industrial mode, so that the cultivation and the popularization of farmers in a large area are not suitable, the planting cost is high, the problem of low economic benefit is caused, a large amount of idle soil in forests is possessed in many areas, and if the idle soil is not utilized, the resource waste is caused. Therefore, a wild-imitating planting method for black termitomyces albuminosus needs to be designed, and the problem that the existing planting mode of the black termitomyces albuminosus is mostly a greenhouse and factory type cultivation mode and is not suitable for large-area popularization and planting is solved by utilizing the existing under-forest land.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a wild-imitating planting method for black termitomyces albuminosus, which aims to solve the problems that the existing black termitomyces albuminosus planting mode proposed in the background art is mostly a greenhouse and factory type cultivation mode, and is not suitable for large-area popularization and planting.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a wild-imitating planting method of black termitomyces albuminosus comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a forest land with shade degree of 50-80% (namely 20-50% of permeable light environment, and normal light without shade is 100% of permeable light environment) to perform drawing (namely digging) to form a planting pit, then opening and arranging fungus bags containing black skin termitomyces albuminosus strains to be planted in the planting pit, wherein the longitudinal and transverse distances among the fungus bags are 0.2-2 cm;
2) covering soil with the thickness of 5-7cm after the fungus bags are discharged, and planting at the environment temperature of 23-27 ℃.
It should be noted that selecting a forest land with a shade degree of 50% -80%, particularly selecting a forest land with a shade degree of 50% -80% in a mountain slope under the forest with a breech facing the sun, because the shade degree is less than 50%, the light is too strong, and when the light is too strong, the termitomyces albuminosus fungus bag is injured and dead, or the fungus bag is infected with a rotten bag, but the wet and moisture-preserving environment under the forest with a high shade degree is not easy to lose water, so that the cultivation method is suitable for the growth of mushrooms, and meanwhile, the shortage of oxygen extraction of the fungus bag is needed to improve the yield, so that the quality of the cultivation method can attract consumer groups.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the wild-imitating planting method of the black termitomyces albuminosus, selected forest land blocks are firstly subjected to soil humus, soil is loose, the shading degree of trees is proper, and the blocks with insufficient shading degree need to be covered by a black shading net, so that the shading degree is 50% -80%.
As a still further scheme of the invention: before digging pit, the method also comprises the steps of weeding (namely clearing weeds) and first disinfection, wherein the first disinfection is lime spreading disinfection according to the method of spreading 90-110 jin of lime per mu.
As a still further scheme of the invention: before the fungus bags are discharged, a second disinfection step is also included, and particularly lime spreading disinfection is carried out in a way of spreading 90-110 g of lime per square meter.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the planting pits are not more than 100cm in width and 9-11cm in depth.
Preferably, the planting pits are 100cm wide and 10cm deep. When the planting holes are formed by drawing the box (namely digging the holes), the soil is turned over at two sides, the width of the planting holes exceeds 100cm, inconvenience is brought to mushroom picking personnel when mushroom is produced in the future, and the workers can be injured on the black skin termitomyces albuminosus.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the opening step is to cover and remove the lantern ring, pick the upper opening of the plastic film of the fungus bag by a knife or a bamboo blade knife, tear open the open plastic film (the plastic film can not be cut by the knife so as not to hurt the hypha of the fungus and cause the hypha to be injured and infect the rotten bag), and then tear off the fungus bag of the fungus bag forcibly. Wherein the strain bag is 18cm × 36cm, and is planted by selecting pollution-free Penicillium-free and sundry-free excellent strain bag.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the fungus bag containing the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain is a mature fungus bag with the culture time of the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain of 55-60 days, and the quality or the yield of the fungus mushroom is influenced by the undersize fungus bag, so the cost is increased.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the weight of the fungus bag containing the black skin collybia albuminosa strain is 2.4-2.5 jin.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the discharging is to horizontally place the fungus bags in the planting pit, the bottom of the fungus bags faces the direction of upward inclination of the hillside land, the opening of the fungus bags faces the direction of downward inclination of the hillside land, and the fungus bags are discharged along the hillside so as to prevent water from being stored in the pit in rainy days to cause rotten fungus strains. Because the bottom of the fungus bag faces the direction of the upward inclination of the hillside land, and the opening of the fungus bag faces the direction of the downward inclination of the hillside land, the fungus bag does not enter water when rainwater falls down, and rotten bags are caused because the fungus inoculating port of the liquid strain of the black skin termitomyces albuminosus is easy to enter water. Meanwhile, the water is discharged along the hillside to prevent rainwater from rushing down and reduce resistance to the mountains and waters.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the covering thickness of 5-7cm is that when the area of the strain discharged is about 50-100 cm, the covering soil recovers the soil in the chamber and covers the strain (the strain discharged on the same day is covered with the soil at that time to prevent strain dehydration hypha from being injured and infected); the thickness is generally 5cm-7cm, according to the loose property of soil, the loose soil is thicker, the dense soil is thinner, on the premise of insufficient soil, the slope is drawn, the ditch is dug, the soil is covered, and the water is drained in rainy days.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the wild-imitating planting method of the black termitomyces albuminosus, fruiting is carried out after planting is carried out for 25-28 days at the ambient temperature of 23-27 ℃. Particularly, in areas with convenient water sources, large water can be sprayed on the covered bed surface, and after raining in areas without water sources and the like, the mushrooms are planted for 25-28 days at the temperature of 23-27 ℃.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the wild-imitating planting method of the black termitomyces albuminosus comprises the step of covering soil with the thickness of 5-7cm for 15-20 days, and specifically, for an area which is in the market and has a low temperature or a period with a low temperature and is in need of early fruiting, the wild-imitating planting method of the black termitomyces albuminosus can cover a mulching film for 15-20 days, and the temperature is raised, the insects are prevented, the grass is killed, and the early fruiting is realized.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the wild-imitating planting method of the black termitomyces albuminosus comprises the step of picking, wherein the picking is carried out when the diameter of a mushroom cap of the black termitomyces albuminosus is larger than 5cm and a mushroom stalk is 10-15 cm.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the wild-imitating planting method of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus, the picking is to wait for the mushroom cap of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus to crack, the diameter of the mushroom cap is larger than 5-8cm, the stipe of the mushroom is 10-15cm, the termitomyces albuminosus flowers are picked as the top product when the mushroom cap looks like the flowers, the taste and the taste are delicious, and the white gourd leaves are used for wrapping the soil under the bottom, beating the soil, cooling the soil, boxing the flowers, and putting the flowers into the market.
The embodiment of the invention also aims to provide application of the wild-imitating planting method for black termitomyces albuminosus in edible fungus planting.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the edible fungi may be black skin Collybia Albuminosa, Agaricus campestris, needle Mushroom, Pleurotus Ostreatus, Auricularia, straw Mushroom, Tremella, Ganoderma, Hericium Erinaceus, Lentinus Edodes, etc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a wild-imitating planting method for black-skin termitomyces albuminosus, which is characterized in that a forest land with certain shade degree is used for discharging fungus bags containing black-skin termitomyces albuminosus strains for planting, so that the high yield and income increase of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus can be realized, the planting cost is reduced, the method is suitable for large-area popularization and planting of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus, and the problems that the existing black-skin termitomyces albuminosus planting mode is mostly a greenhouse and factory type cultivation mode and is not suitable for large-area popularization and planting are solved; moreover, a large amount of organic fertilizer and nutrient components of trees can be provided for the forest, two organisms are complementary and can mutually grow, the growth of the fruit forest of the trees is vigorous, the high yield of the black termitomyces albuminosus is increased, and the planting cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A wild-imitating planting method of black termitomyces albuminosus mainly comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a forest land with shading degree of 50% (specifically, selecting a forest land with shading degree of 50% in a forest downy hilly land with a wind in a nest and facing the sun, wherein the selected forest land is prioritized by soil humus, the soil is loose, the shading degree of trees is proper, and black shading net coverage needs to be added for the land with insufficient shading degree);
2) clearing weeds under trees, and then carrying out primary disinfection, wherein the primary disinfection is lime spreading disinfection according to a mode of spreading 90 jin of lime per mu;
3) after the first disinfection, the woodland is subjected to drawing (namely, digging) to form planting pits, wherein the planting pits are 90cm in width and 9cm in depth (when the planting pits are formed by drawing the compartment, soil is turned over at two sides, and the width of the planting pits exceeds 100cm, so that inconvenience is brought to mushroom collectors when mushrooms appear in the future, and workers can injure the black skin termitomyces albuminosus);
4) before the fungus bags are discharged, the method also comprises a second disinfection step, and particularly, lime spreading is carried out for disinfection in a way of spreading 90 grams of lime per square meter;
5) opening fungus bags containing black skin termitomyces albuminosus strains to be planted and arranging the fungus bags in the planting pits after secondary disinfection, wherein the longitudinal and transverse distances among the fungus bags are all 0.2 cm; specifically, the opening step is to cover and remove the lantern ring, pick the upper opening of the plastic film of the fungus bag by a knife or a bamboo blade knife, tear open the open plastic film (the plastic film cannot be scratched by the knife so as to avoid damaging hyphae of the strain and cause hyphae injury and infection of the fungus bag), and then tear off the fungus bag of the fungus bag forcibly; wherein the strain bag is a bag with the specification of 18cm multiplied by 36cm, and a pollution-free, penicillium-free and sundry-free excellent strain bag is selected for planting; the fungus bag containing the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain is a mature fungus bag with the culture time of the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain being 55 days, and the weight of the fungus bag is 2.4 jin; the discharging is to horizontally place the fungus bags in the planting pit, the bottom of the fungus bags faces the upward inclined direction of the hillside land, the opening of the fungus bags faces the downward inclined direction of the hillside land, and the fungus bags are discharged along the hillside so as to prevent water from being stored in the pit in rainy days to cause rotten fungus strains;
6) covering soil with the thickness of 5cm after the fungus bags are discharged, controlling the environmental temperature to be 23 ℃ for planting, and performing fruiting after the planting is performed for 25 days at the environmental temperature of 23 ℃ (areas with convenient water sources can spray large water on a covered bed surface, areas without water sources and the like can perform fruiting after raining at the temperature of 23 ℃); specifically, when the area of the strain discharged is about 50cm, the soil covering is used for restoring the soil for digging the box and covering the soil on the strain (the strain discharged on the same day needs to cover the soil at that time to prevent strain dehydration hypha from being injured and infected), loose soil is thick and dense soil is thin according to the loose property of the soil, the groove is dug along the slope and the soil is covered under the premise that the soil is not enough, and the water is drained in rainy days.
Example 2
An implementation place of the wild-imitating planting method of black termitomyces albuminosus is located in an ordinary sunny forest farm in Guizhou sunny county, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) under the elevated bridge of Shanzhai mountain village of Mabang; 2) the admiralty gas station is under the pine forest. A total of 34 ten thousand bags of black termitomyces albuminosus are planted, the growth vigor is good, and the harvest is favored.
In this embodiment, the wild-simulated planting method of termitomyces nigricans mainly includes the following steps:
1) selecting forest lands with shading degree of 65% (specifically, selecting forest lands with shading degree of 65% in a mountain slope under the forest with a shallow wind facing the sun, and selecting forest land blocks with soil humus first, loose soil, proper tree shading degree and insufficient shading degree, and increasing black shading net coverage);
2) clearing weeds under trees, and then carrying out primary disinfection, wherein the primary disinfection is lime spreading disinfection according to a mode of spreading 100 jin of lime per mu;
3) after the first disinfection, the woodland is subjected to drawing (namely, digging) to form planting pits, wherein the sizes of the planting pits are 100cm in width and 10cm in depth (when the planting pits are formed by drawing the compartment, soil is turned over at two sides, and the width of the planting pits exceeds 100cm, so that inconvenience is brought to mushroom-picking personnel during future mushroom production, and workers can injure the black skin termitomyces albuminosus);
4) before the fungus bags are discharged, the method also comprises a second disinfection step, and particularly comprises the steps of lime spreading and disinfection in a manner of spreading 100 grams of lime per square meter;
5) opening fungus bags containing black skin termitomyces albuminosus strains to be planted and arranging the fungus bags in the planting pits after secondary disinfection, wherein the longitudinal and transverse distances among the fungus bags are all 0.2 cm; specifically, the opening step is to cover and remove the lantern ring, pick the upper opening of the plastic film of the fungus bag by a knife or a bamboo blade knife, tear open the open plastic film (the plastic film cannot be scratched by the knife so as to avoid damaging hyphae of the strain and cause hyphae injury and infection of the fungus bag), and then tear off the fungus bag of the fungus bag forcibly; wherein the strain bag is a bag with the specification of 18cm multiplied by 36cm, and a pollution-free, penicillium-free and sundry-free excellent strain bag is selected for planting; the fungus bag containing the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain is a mature fungus bag with the culture time of the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain being 57 days, and the weight of the fungus bag is 2.45 jin; the discharging is to horizontally place the fungus bags in the planting pit, the bottom of the fungus bags faces the upward inclined direction of the hillside land, the opening of the fungus bags faces the downward inclined direction of the hillside land, and the fungus bags are discharged along the hillside so as to prevent water from being stored in the pit in rainy days to cause rotten fungus strains;
6) covering soil with the thickness of 6cm after the fungus bags are discharged, controlling the environmental temperature to be 25 ℃ for planting, and carrying out fruiting after the planting is carried out for 26 days at the environmental temperature of 25 ℃ (areas with convenient water sources can spray large water on a covered bed surface, areas without water sources and the like can be planted for 26 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ after raining); specifically, when the area of the strain discharged is about 75cm, the soil covering is used for restoring the soil for digging the box and covering the soil on the strain (the strain discharged on the same day needs to cover the soil at that time to prevent strain dehydration hypha from being injured and infected), loose soil is thick and dense soil is thin according to the loose property of the soil, the groove is dug along the slope and the soil is covered under the premise that the soil is not enough, and the water is drained in rainy days.
Example 3
An implementation place of the wild-imitating planting method of black termitomyces albuminosus is located in an ordinary sunny forest farm in Guizhou sunny county, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) under the elevated bridge of Shanzhai mountain village of Mabang; 2) the admiralty gas station is under the pine forest.
In this embodiment, the wild-simulated planting method of termitomyces nigricans mainly includes the following steps:
1) selecting forest lands with shading degree of 80% (specifically, selecting forest lands with shading degree of 80% in a hill wind facing the sun, selecting forest lands with soil humus first, loose soil, proper tree shading degree, and covering with black shading net if the blocks with insufficient shading degree are covered);
2) clearing weeds under trees, and then carrying out primary disinfection, wherein the primary disinfection is lime spreading disinfection according to the method of spreading 110 jin of lime per mu;
3) after the first disinfection, the forest land is subjected to drawing (namely digging) to form planting pits, wherein the width of each planting pit is not more than 80cm, and the depth of each planting pit is 11 cm;
4) before the fungus bags are discharged, the method also comprises a second disinfection step, specifically, lime spreading disinfection is carried out in a way of spreading 110 g of lime per square meter;
5) opening fungus bags containing black skin termitomyces albuminosus strains to be planted and arranging the fungus bags in the planting pits after secondary disinfection, wherein the longitudinal and transverse distances among the fungus bags are 2 cm; specifically, the opening step is to cover and remove the lantern ring, pick the upper opening of the plastic film of the fungus bag by a knife or a bamboo blade knife, tear open the open plastic film (the plastic film cannot be scratched by the knife so as to avoid damaging hyphae of the strain and cause hyphae injury and infection of the fungus bag), and then tear off the fungus bag of the fungus bag forcibly; wherein the strain bag is a bag with the specification of 18cm multiplied by 36cm, and a pollution-free, penicillium-free and sundry-free excellent strain bag is selected for planting; the fungus bag containing the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain is a mature fungus bag with the culture time of the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain being 60 days, and the weight of the fungus bag is 2.5 jin; the discharging is to horizontally place the fungus bags in the planting pit, the bottom of the fungus bags faces the upward inclined direction of the hillside land, the opening of the fungus bags faces the downward inclined direction of the hillside land, and the fungus bags are discharged along the hillside so as to prevent water from being stored in the pit in rainy days to cause rotten fungus strains;
6) covering soil with the thickness of 7cm after the fungus bags are discharged, controlling the environmental temperature to be 27 ℃ for planting, and performing fruiting after the planting is performed for 28 days at the environmental temperature of 27 ℃ (areas with convenient water sources can spray large water on a covered bed surface, areas without water sources and the like can perform fruiting for 28 days after raining in the temperature of 27 ℃); specifically, when the area of the strain discharged is about 50cm-100cm, the soil covering box is used for restoring the soil taken out of the box and covering the soil on the strain (the strain discharged on the same day needs to cover the soil at that time to prevent strain dehydration hypha from being injured and infected), loose soil is thicker and dense soil is thinner according to the loose property of the soil, the groove is taken out along the slope and the soil covering is carried out on the premise that the soil is insufficient, and the water is drained in rainy days.
Example 4
The same as example 2 except that the longitudinal and transverse distances between the fungus bags were 1cm, as compared with example 2.
Example 5
Compared with the embodiment 1, the wild-imitating planting method for the black termitomyces albuminosus further comprises the step of covering a mulching film for 20 days after covering soil with the thickness of 5cm, specifically, the mulching film can be covered for 20 days when early fruiting is needed in an area which is urgent for fruiting and is on the market and has a low temperature or in a period with a low temperature, and temperature raising, insect prevention, weed killing and early fruiting are carried out.
Example 6
Compared with the embodiment 1, the wild-imitating planting method for the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus further comprises the step of covering a mulching film for 15 days after covering soil with the thickness of 7cm, specifically, the mulching film can be covered for 15 days when early fruiting is needed in an area which is urgent for fruiting and is on the market and has a low temperature or in a period with a low temperature, and temperature raising, insect prevention, weed killing and early fruiting are carried out.
Example 7
Compared with the embodiment 1, the wild-imitating planting method for the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus further comprises the step of covering a mulching film for 17 days after covering soil with the thickness of 6cm, specifically, covering the mulching film for 17 days when early fruiting is needed in an area which is urgent for fruiting and is on the market and has a low temperature or in a period with a low temperature, and carrying out temperature raising, insect prevention, weed killing and early fruiting.
Example 8
A wild-imitating planting method of black termitomyces albuminosus mainly comprises the following steps:
1) selecting forest lands with shading degree of 65% (specifically, selecting forest lands with shading degree of 65% in a mountain slope under the forest with a shallow wind facing the sun, and selecting forest land blocks with soil humus first, loose soil, proper tree shading degree and insufficient shading degree, and increasing black shading net coverage);
2) clearing weeds under trees, and then carrying out primary disinfection, wherein the primary disinfection is lime spreading disinfection according to a mode of spreading 100 jin of lime per mu;
3) after the first disinfection, the woodland is subjected to drawing (namely, digging) to form planting pits, wherein the sizes of the planting pits are 100cm in width and 10cm in depth (when the planting pits are formed by drawing the compartment, soil is turned over at two sides, and the width of the planting pits exceeds 100cm, so that inconvenience is brought to mushroom-picking personnel during future mushroom production, and workers can injure the black skin termitomyces albuminosus);
4) before the fungus bags are discharged, the method also comprises a second disinfection step, and particularly comprises the steps of lime spreading and disinfection in a manner of spreading 100 grams of lime per square meter;
5) opening fungus bags containing black skin termitomyces albuminosus strains to be planted and arranging the fungus bags in the planting pits after secondary disinfection, wherein the longitudinal and transverse distances among the fungus bags are all 0.2 cm; specifically, the opening step is to cover and remove the lantern ring, pick the upper opening of the plastic film of the fungus bag by a knife or a bamboo blade knife, tear open the open plastic film (the plastic film cannot be scratched by the knife so as to avoid damaging hyphae of the strain and cause hyphae injury and infection of the fungus bag), and then tear off the fungus bag of the fungus bag forcibly; wherein the strain bag is a bag with the specification of 18cm multiplied by 36cm, and a pollution-free, penicillium-free and sundry-free excellent strain bag is selected for planting; the fungus bag containing the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain is a mature fungus bag with the culture time of the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain being 57 days, and the weight of the fungus bag is 2.45 jin; the discharging is to horizontally place the fungus bags in the planting pit, the bottom of the fungus bags faces the upward inclined direction of the hillside land, the opening of the fungus bags faces the downward inclined direction of the hillside land, and the fungus bags are discharged along the hillside so as to prevent water from being stored in the pit in rainy days to cause rotten fungus strains;
6) covering soil with the thickness of 6cm after the fungus bags are discharged, covering a mulching film for 15 days after the soil with the thickness of 6cm is covered, covering the mulching film for 15 days when the mushrooms are in the market and in a low-temperature area or in a low-temperature period when the mushrooms are in need of early fruiting, and carrying out temperature raising, insect prevention, weed killing and early fruiting;
7) the black skin collybia albuminosa is picked and collected when the diameter of the mushroom cap is larger than 5cm and the stipe is 10 cm. Specifically, when the mushroom cap of the black skin termitomyces albuminosus is cracked, the diameter of the mushroom cap is larger than 5cm, the diameter of the mushroom cap is 10cm, the mushroom stem is 10cm, termitomyces albuminosus flowers are picked as the upper products when the mushroom cap looks like the flowers, the taste is delicious, and the white gourd leaves are used for wrapping soil under the bottom of the mushroom cap, and the mushroom cap is packaged into a cold box and a basket for sale.
Example 9
Compared with the example 8, the method is the same as the example 8 except that the method is different from the example 8 except that the method is that the mushroom caps are waiting for the disintegration of the mushroom caps of the black skin termitomyces albuminosus, the diameters of the mushroom caps are larger than 8cm, the mushroom stems are 15cm, the termitomyces albuminosus flowers are picked as the upper products when the mushroom caps are like the flowers, the taste is delicious, and the soil under the wax gourd leaves are wrapped to be cold packed into a box and then put on the market.
Example 10
Compared with the example 8, the method is the same as the example 8 except that the method is different from the example 8 except that the method is that the mushroom caps of the black skin termitomyces albuminosus are cracked, the diameters of the mushroom caps are larger than 6cm, the mushroom stems are 12cm, the termitomyces albuminosus flowers are picked as the upper products when the mushroom caps are like the flowers, the taste is delicious, and the soil under the wax gourd leaves are wrapped to be cold packed into a box and then put on the market.
Example 11
Compared with the example 8, the method is the same as the example 8 except that the method is different from the example 8 except that the method is that the mushroom caps are waiting for the disintegration of the mushroom caps of the black skin termitomyces albuminosus, the diameters of the mushroom caps are larger than 5cm, the mushroom stems are 15cm, the termitomyces albuminosus flowers are picked as the upper products when the mushroom caps are like the flowers, the taste is delicious, and the soil under the wax gourd leaves are wrapped to be cold packed into a box and then put on the market.
Example 12
The procedure of example 8 was repeated except that "soil with a thickness of 6cm was covered after the bags were discharged and" mulching film was covered for 15 days after the soil with a thickness of 6cm was covered "was replaced with" soil with a thickness of 5cm was covered after the bags were discharged and "mulching film was covered for 20 days after the soil with a thickness of 5cm was covered".
Example 13
The procedure of example 8 was repeated except that "soil with a thickness of 6cm was covered after the bags were discharged and mulching was performed for 15 days after the soil with a thickness of 6cm was covered" was replaced with "soil with a thickness of 7cm was covered after the bags were discharged and mulching was performed for 15 days after the soil with a thickness of 7cm was covered".
Example 14
The procedure of example 8 was repeated except that "soil with a thickness of 6cm was covered after the bags were discharged and mulching was performed for 15 days after the soil with a thickness of 6cm was covered" in comparison with example 8 was replaced with "soil with a thickness of 6cm was covered after the bags were discharged and mulching was performed for 17 days after the soil with a thickness of 6cm was covered".
Example 15
An implementation place of the wild-imitating planting method of black termitomyces albuminosus is located in an ordinary sunny forest farm in Guizhou sunny county, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) under the elevated bridge of Shanzhai mountain village of Mabang; 2) the admiralty gas station is under the pine forest. A total of 34 ten thousand bags of black termitomyces albuminosus are planted, the growth vigor is good, and the harvest is favored.
In this embodiment, the wild-simulated planting method of termitomyces nigricans mainly includes the following steps:
1) selecting a forest land with shade degree of 50-80% (specifically, selecting a forest land with shade degree of 50-80% from a hill wind facing the sun, wherein the selected forest land is characterized in that soil humus is preferred, the soil is loose, the shade degree of trees is proper, and black shade net coverage needs to be added on a land block with insufficient shade degree);
2) clearing weeds under trees, and then carrying out primary disinfection, wherein the primary disinfection is lime spreading disinfection according to a mode of spreading 100 jin of lime per mu;
3) after the first disinfection, the forest land is subjected to drawing (namely digging) to form planting pits, wherein the width of each planting pit is 100cm, and the depth of each planting pit is 10 cm;
4) before the fungus bags are discharged, the method also comprises a second disinfection step, and particularly comprises the steps of lime spreading and disinfection in a manner of spreading 100 grams of lime per square meter;
5) opening fungus bags containing black skin termitomyces albuminosus strains to be planted and arranging the fungus bags in the planting pits after secondary disinfection, wherein the longitudinal and transverse distances among the fungus bags are 2 cm; specifically, the opening step is to cover and remove the lantern ring, pick the upper opening of the plastic film of the fungus bag by a knife or a bamboo blade knife, tear open the open plastic film (the plastic film cannot be scratched by the knife so as to avoid damaging hyphae of the strain and cause hyphae injury and infection of the fungus bag), and then tear off the fungus bag of the fungus bag forcibly; wherein the strain bag is a bag with the specification of 18cm multiplied by 36cm, and a pollution-free, penicillium-free and sundry-free excellent strain bag is selected for planting; the fungus bag containing the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain is a mature fungus bag with the culture time of the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain of 55-60 days, and the weight of the fungus bag is 2.4-2.5 jin; the discharging is to horizontally place the fungus bags in the planting pit, the bottom of the fungus bags faces the upward inclined direction of the hillside land, the opening of the fungus bags faces the downward inclined direction of the hillside land, and the fungus bags are discharged along the hillside so as to prevent water from being stored in the pit in rainy days to cause rotten fungus strains;
6) covering soil with the thickness of 6cm after the fungus bags are discharged, controlling the environmental temperature to be 23-27 ℃ for planting, and fruiting after the fungus bags are planted at the environmental temperature of 23-27 ℃ for 25-28 days (the area with convenient water source can spray large water on the covered bed surface, and after raining in the area without water source, etc., the fungus bags are planted at the temperature of 23-27 ℃ for 25-28 days for fruiting); specifically, when the area of the strain discharged is about 50cm-100cm, the soil covering box is used for restoring the soil taken out of the box and covering the soil on the strain (the strain discharged on the same day needs to cover the soil at that time to prevent strain dehydration hypha from being injured and infected), loose soil is thicker and dense soil is thinner according to the loose property of the soil, the groove is taken out along the slope and the soil covering is carried out on the premise that the soil is insufficient, and the water is drained in rainy days. Wherein, when the mushroom is in the market and in a low-temperature area or in a low-temperature period, covering soil with the thickness of 6cm and then covering a mulching film for 18-20 days when the mushroom is required to grow early, and raising the temperature, preventing insects, killing weeds and growing the mushroom early;
7) the black skin collybia albuminosa is picked and collected when the diameter of the mushroom cap is larger than 5cm and the stipe is 10-15 cm. Specifically, when the mushroom cap of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus is cracked, the diameter of the mushroom cap is larger than 5-8cm, the diameter of the mushroom stem is 10-15cm, the termitomyces albuminosus flowers are picked as the upper products when the mushroom cap looks like flowers, the taste is delicious, and the white gourd leaves are used for wrapping soil at the bottom, and the materials are subjected to cold boxing, basket loading and marketing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the embodiment of the invention provides a wild-imitating planting method of black-skin termitomyces albuminosus, in particular to a culture method for planting the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus by imitating the wild in an environment under a forest, and the fungus bags containing the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus strain are discharged for planting by utilizing the forest land with certain shading degree, so that the high yield and income increase of edible fungi (such as the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus) can be realized, meanwhile, the planting cost is reduced, and the method is suitable for large-area popularization and planting of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus; and the black-skin collybia albuminosa value can have great development and utilization space through the environment of the idle soil in the forest, the idle forest soil in rural areas in most areas is fully utilized, a large amount of organic fertilizers and nutritional ingredients of trees are provided for the forest by virtue of the growth of edible fungi, two biological complementation and intergrowth are caused, the growth of the fruit forest of the trees is luxuriant, the high yield and the income of the edible fungi are increased, the delicious degree of the mushrooms is improved, the planting cost is reduced, and the development of farmers is driven.
The method comprises the following steps of firstly, utilizing a large amount of carbon dioxide discharged after a large amount of oxygen breathed in the growth process of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus to provide carbon dioxide required to be absorbed by photosynthesis for the plants under the forest, and then breathing out the oxygen by the plants under the forest to make air under the forest fresh, so that a good environment is created for the growth of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus; secondly, leaves falling to the ground and weeds in the forest are rotted after the spring and autumn come, so that the leaves fall to the ground and the weeds are transformed into a good nutrient medium suitable for growth of edible fungi; thirdly, the invention selects the shade degree of more than 50-80% under the forest, and also provides the wind and rain sheltering for the growth of the edible fungi, and the growth environment with proper temperature also provides uniform humidity and temperature for the edible fungi; fourth, the invention provides a large amount of organic fertilizer and nutrient components of trees under the forest after the growth period of the fungi by artificially imitating the planting of wild fungi, thereby generating the advantages of complementary intergrowth, flourishing the growth of fruit forest of the trees, increasing the yield of edible fungi and improving the delicious degree of the mushrooms. The invention makes full use of idle forest land in most rural areas, provides a large amount of organic fertilizer and nutrient components of trees under the forest by virtue of edible fungi growth, causes two organisms to be complementary and intergrowth, leads the trees and fruit forest to flourish, and can realize high yield and income increase of edible fungi.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A wild-imitating planting method of black termitomyces albuminosus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a forest land with shade degree of 50-80% to dig a pit to form a planting pit, then opening and arranging fungus bags containing black termitomyces albuminosus strains to be planted in the planting pit, wherein the longitudinal and transverse distances among the fungus bags are 0.2-2 cm;
2) covering soil with the thickness of 5-7cm after the fungus bags are discharged, and planting at the environment temperature of 23-27 ℃.
2. The wild-imitating planting method for termitomyces nigricans according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of weeding and first disinfection before digging the pit, wherein the first disinfection is lime-spreading disinfection by spreading 90-110 jin of lime per mu.
3. The method for planting Collybia nigricans according to claim 1, which further comprises a second disinfection step of lime-spreading for disinfection at 90-110 g/m before the fungus bag is discharged.
4. The wild-simulated planting method of Collybia nigricans according to claim 1, wherein the planting pits have a size of not more than 100cm in width and 9-11cm in depth.
5. The wild-imitating planting method for black skin termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein the fungus bag containing the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain is a mature fungus bag with a culture time of 55-60 days for the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain.
6. The wild-imitating planting method for black skin termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the fungus bag containing the black skin termitomyces albuminosus strain is 2.4-2.5 jin.
7. The wild-imitating planting method for black termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, further comprising fruiting after planting at an ambient temperature of 23-27 ℃ for 25-28 days.
8. The wild-imitating planting method for black termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, further comprising a step of mulching a mulching film for 15 to 20 days after mulching soil with a thickness of 5 to 7 cm.
9. The wild-imitating planting method for black-skin termitomyces albuminosus according to claim 1, further comprising a picking step, wherein the picking step is carried out when the cap diameter of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus is larger than 5cm and the stipe is 10-15 cm.
10. Use of the simulated wild planting method of Collybia nigricans as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 in the planting of edible fungi.
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