CN107182762A - High mountain tubule green onion drought floating method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents
High mountain tubule green onion drought floating method for culturing seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN107182762A CN107182762A CN201710587440.5A CN201710587440A CN107182762A CN 107182762 A CN107182762 A CN 107182762A CN 201710587440 A CN201710587440 A CN 201710587440A CN 107182762 A CN107182762 A CN 107182762A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of non-irrigated floating method for culturing seedlings of high mountain tubule green onion, this method mainly has following measures：Build seedling raising greenhouse, nursery pond is set, prepare seedling medium, sterilization, seeding method, the floating seedlings nursing plate of combination drought, the depth of water control in nursery each stage and canopy temperature control system, moss, green alga are prevented and kill off, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the fertilising in nursery each stage etc..The inventive method is compared with prior art, planting percent is higher than peasant household field seedling raising by 60%, sowing quantity only needs to the seed 1/3 of field seedling raising, seedling straight uniform, transplanting survival rate average out to 98.4%, and the prevention effect of samping off and damping-off to high mountain tubule green onion seedling stage is more than 95%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crops seedling breeding technical field, and in particular to high mountain tubule green onion drought floating method for culturing seedlings.
Background technology
Tubule green onion (Allium schoenoprosum), the perennial perennial plant of Liliaceae allium.The green onion quality is tender,
Fragrance is denseer, quality better, with important edible, medical, industrial and scientific research value, is increasingly subject to the favor and attention of people.
Tubule green onion has the gas of pungent fragrance, and pungent is denseer, is to cook one of necessary article of various dish.Because the green onion contains
There is the volatile oil of tool penetrating odor, when for cooking, can remove the peculiar smell such as the smelling of fish or mutton in greasy dish, the special perfume (or spice) of generation
Gas, the secretion for the liquid that can stimulate digestion, improves a poor appetite；The volatility Capsaicin contained by it has stronger sterilizing ability simultaneously, when
When Capsaicin is discharged by sweat gland, respiratory tract, urinary system, sweating, eliminating the phlegm, profit are played in the secretion of the related body of gland of energy minimal irritation
The effect of urine, so as to improve the resistance of human body, preventing respiratory infectious disease；Further, it is also possible to stimulate circulation, improve god
Through systemic-function, prevention of cardiovascular disease, senile dementia are had certain effect；Due to rich in substantial amounts of vitamin and mineral
Matter, it may have certain nutrition health-care functions.
Tubule green onion is in recent years in China's high mountain large-scale plantation, production and processing, and sell.Product main exit to Southeast Asia and
Some countries of west, are an economic benefit very high vegetable varieties, and development prospect is very wide.
But green onion seed is small, rice shoot root system is shallow, weak to rich water absorbability.Therefore the quality of institute's seedling raising is fine or not, direct shadow
Ring and arrive yield.China typically uses traditional soil seedling raising mannerses, there is that seedling stage is long, and survival rate is low after field planting, extensive management, wave
The problems such as taking seed.The foreign exchange earning vegetables of current China quickly grow, and the increase and entry to WTO of global vegetables demand are again me
The Vegetables Exportation of state provides new opportunity, and the domestic and international market occupancy volume of tubule green onion in recent years also increasingly increases, to its quality
Requirement also more and more higher.As the early stage important step of modernization vegetables production, the quality of seedling is directly affected after field planting
The overall quality of vegetables.In order to produce the high standard tubule green onion seedling for adapting to market demands, a kind of seed consumption is few for research, educate
The seedling-raising technique that seedling amount is big, well developed root system, transplanting survival rate are high, seedling is healthy and strong, overcomes the shortcomings of traditional seedling-raising technique, promotes high
The sound development of mountain tubule green onion industry is significant.
The content of the invention
The present invention discloses the non-irrigated floating method for culturing seedlings of high mountain tubule green onion, and this method mainly has following measures：Build seedling raising greenhouse,
Nursery pond is set, seedling medium, sterilization, seeding method, the floating seedlings nursing plate of combination drought, the depth of water control in nursery each stage is prepared
And canopy temperature control system, moss, green alga prevent and kill off, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the fertilising in nursery each stage etc., seedling quality has been obtained effectively
Ensure.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical measures：
High mountain tubule green onion drought floating method for culturing seedlings：
(1) seedling raising greenhouse is built
(2) non-irrigated floating device for raising seedlings is set
Non-irrigated floating device for raising seedlings, including several nursery units and nursery pond；Several nursery cell distributions are in nursery pond
Bottom；
Described nursery unit includes seedlings nursing plate and pallet, and seedlings nursing plate is erected on pallet；The bottom of the seedlings nursing plate hole slot
Portion is provided with the first permeable hole；Gap between the bottom of the pallet, each hole slot bottom of correspondence seedlings nursing plate, is provided with upward
Projection, after seedlings nursing plate is erected on pallet, raised height is higher than hole slot bottom；The bottom of pallet correspond to each of seedlings nursing plate
The bottom of hole slot, is provided with the second permeable hole, and described seedlings nursing plate includes seedling medium；
(3) seedling medium is prepared
Peat in mass ratio:Perlite=2:1-4 proportional arrangement seedling medium, substrate with water mixes wet, water content 60-
80%；
(4) seedlings nursing plate is sterilized
New building is not sterilized, and old disk is used with potassium permanganate or formalin or after bleaching liquid disinfectant；
(5) medium in tray and sowing
The matrix prepared is loaded in seedlings nursing plate, 5-7 seeds are broadcast in hole, and seed will be placed on the center in hole, cover and educate after broadcasting
Seedling matrix 0.4-0.6cm；
(6) temperature, depth of water management
Sowed during 18-22 DEG C of daytime temperature, whole nursery stage, the water level in control pallet is on seedlings nursing plate hole slot, greatly
Canopy temperature：20-25 DEG C, described water is the irrigation water containing fertilizer；
(7) nursery pond moss, green alga are prevented and kill off
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
(9) apply fertilizer
30kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers are dissolved in 4-8m3The irrigation water containing fertilizer in above-mentioned steps (6) is produced in water；
Described irrigation water is base manure, is topdressed when green onion seedling grows into 5cm or when growing second green onion pipe, topdresses and chased after by base manure amount of application
Plus；
(10) transplant
In the process described above, it is preferred that described tubule green onion is European tubule green onion；
In the process described above, it is preferred that nursery pond moss, the method prevented and kill off of green alga include in step (7)：Sowing
It is afterwards 98%CuSO with mass fraction every 3d42000 times of liquid are sprayed, and are sprayed altogether 3 times, each 15L/667m2；Spray
If running into continuous rainy weather >=7 day after three times, rain stop after with mass fraction be 98%CuSO42000 times of liquid sprayings spray one again
It is secondary.
In the process described above, it is preferred that pest control method includes：After planting per 667m2Disliked with 30% first frost
Mould clever 2000 times of liquid 15L are sprayed 1 time；Sprayed once every 10-15d afterwards, the same first of dosage 30% frost is disliked during nursery
Mould clever 2000 times of liquid is sprayed 2-4 times altogether；Using the latent fly adult of physical method preventing and treating of yellow card's trap, thrips class pest, if finding
There is above-mentioned larva, sprayed 1 time with 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, 2000 times of liquid.
The present invention is compared with general planting technology, with advantages below and effect：
Method for culturing seedlings of the present invention and the field seedling raising method contrast of traditional peasant household greatly reduce manpower and materials, and sowing quantity is only needed to
The 1/3 of field seedling raising seed, planting percent is higher than peasant household field seedling raising by 60%.Traditional nursery damping-off, the samping off incidence of disease are general
Up to 20%, serious up to 60%, seedling dissipates, and is colonized pretty troublesome, takes a lot of work irregular, survival rate about 80%；Sprout term disease hair of the present invention
Sick rate is less than 5%, and straight uniform of emerging, good lifting does not dissipate and sticked together, and transplants fast；Due to well developed root system, survival rate more than 95%,
Late growing stage is vigorous, and the incidence of disease is low.Nursery stage is short, and 50-60d is only needed from being seeded into transplant.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the floating seedlings nursing plate schematic diagram of combination drought.
Fig. 2 is the floating nursery root system schematic diagram of drought.
Fig. 3 is the floating nursery root system schematic diagram of drought
Fig. 4 is the floating nursery overall condition schematic diagram of drought.
Fig. 5 is the schematic cross-section that a kind of drought suitable for tubule green onion floats device for raising seedlings；
Wherein：1- nursery unit, 1-1- seedlings nursing plates, the permeable holes of 1-1-1- first, 1-1-2- seedling mediums, 1-2- pallets,
1-2-1- projections, 2- nursery ponds, the permeable holes of 1-2-2- second, 3- nursery ponds.
Fig. 6 is the schematic top plan view of pallet；
Wherein：1-2-1- is raised, the permeable holes of 1-2-2- second.
Embodiment
Reagent used in the embodiment of the present invention, if not otherwise specified, commercially available can be achieved the present invention.The technical side
Case, is the conventional scheme of this area if not otherwise specified.Tubule green onion used in the embodiment of the present invention is European tubule green onion.
Embodiment 1：
High mountain tubule green onion drought floating method for culturing seedlings：
The plantation point of the present embodiment is located at Enshi State of Hubei Province Lichuan City Mou Dao towns east wind village, 10 mu.
(1) seedling raising greenhouse is built
Build long 30m, wide 6m, high 3.2m arch-shaped steel frame greenhouse.
(2) non-irrigated floating device for raising seedlings is set
Non-irrigated floating device for raising seedlings, including several nursery units 1 and nursery pond 2；Several nursery units 1 are distributed in nursery
The bottom of pond 2；
Described nursery unit 1 includes seedlings nursing plate 1-1 and pallet 1-2, and seedlings nursing plate 1-1 is erected at 1-2 on pallet；Described
The bottom of seedlings nursing plate 1-1 hole slot is provided with the first permeable hole 1-1-1；The bottom of the pallet 1-2, each hole slot of correspondence seedlings nursing plate
Gap between bottom, is provided with upward raised 1-2-1, after seedlings nursing plate is erected on pallet, and raised height is higher than hole
Trench bottom；The bottom of pallet correspond to the bottom of each hole slot of seedlings nursing plate, be provided with the second permeable hole 1-2-2.
Described seedlings nursing plate includes seedling medium 1-1-2；
Described seedlings nursing plate is the seedlings nursing plate in 98 holes, is polystyrene material, thick 1mm, pallet long 54cm, wide 26cm are high
6cm。
After described seedlings nursing plate is erected on pallet, in seedlings nursing plate the bottom of hole slot and the bottom of pallet the distance between
For 1cm.The present embodiment nursery pond is built：
Soil in smooth seedling raising greenhouse, builds nursery pond, nursery pond is long with the brick that specification is 40cm × 20cm × 20cm
30m, width 2m, high 0.2m, one piece of HDPE film (High Density Polyethylene is spread in nursery pond inwall and bottom surface
Impermeable membrane, density polyethylene film with high).
(3) seedling medium is prepared
By peat:Perlite=2:Before the proportional arrangement seedling medium of 1 (mass ratio), mixed substrate, one layer is spread on the ground
Clean film, to prevent bringing germ into.Substrate with water mixes wet, water content 65%.
(4) sterilize
New building is not sterilized, and 10% bleaching liquid of old disk, which soaks to be cleaned with clear water after 20min, to be dried.
(5) medium in tray and sowing
The matrix prepared is loaded in seedlings nursing plate, 5-7 seeds are broadcast in hole, and seed will be placed on the center in hole, cover and educate after broadcasting
Seedling matrix 0.4-0.6cm.
(6) temperature, depth of water management
September 2 days, 18-22 DEG C of sowing of daytime temperature.Water level in whole nursery stage pallet：1cm≤the depth of water≤3cm, greenhouse
Temperature：20 DEG C≤canopy temperature≤25 DEG C, temperature height wants timely ventilation sunshade to cool, and greenhouse ventilating opening, this step are closed when temperature is low
Rapid described water is the irrigation water containing fertilizer.
(7) moss, green alga are prevented and kill off
It is after planting 98%CuSO with mass fraction every 3d42000 times of liquid sprayed, spray 3 times altogether, often
Secondary 15L/667m2.Later stage is fine, and no moss grows.
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
1. the preventing and treating of damping-off, samping off：After planting per 667m2With the 2000 times of liquid 15L spraying sprays of the white hymexazol of 30% first
Apply 1 time；Sow after 15d per 667m2Sprayed 1 time with 30% first frost, 2000 times of liquid 15L of hymexazol；
2. the preventing and treating of insect pest：Using the latent fly adult of physical method preventing and treating of yellow card's trap, thrips class pest.
(9) apply fertilizer
By 30kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers (N ﹕ P2O5：K2O=15：15：15) it is dissolved in 6m3Produced in water in above-mentioned steps (6)
The irrigation water containing fertilizer；Described irrigation water is base manure, and green onion seedling topdresses when growing into 5cm, topdresses and chased after by base manure amount of application
Plus.
(10) transplant
Started field planting on October 21, November 8, field planting terminated.By 1.3 ten thousand plants/667m2Density transplant.
The present embodiment sowing quantity 100g/667m2, seedling blight, the samping off incidence of disease 3%, Pests Damage is 0, seedling
Rate 98.6%, transplanting survival rate is up to 96.5%, and late growing stage is vigorous.
Embodiment 2：
The plantation point of the present embodiment is located at good two groups of the department of Yichang City, Hubei Province Tujia Autonomous County of Wufeng Wu Feng towns stone, 20
Mu.
(1) seedling raising greenhouse is built
Build long 30m, wide 6m, high 3.2m arch-shaped steel frame greenhouse.
(2) non-irrigated floating device for raising seedlings is set
Non-irrigated floating device for raising seedlings, including several nursery units 1 and nursery pond 2；Several nursery units 1 are distributed in nursery
The bottom of pond 2；
Described nursery unit 1 includes seedlings nursing plate 1-1 and pallet 1-2, and seedlings nursing plate 1-1 is erected at 1-2 on pallet；Described
The bottom of seedlings nursing plate 1-1 hole slot is provided with the first permeable hole 1-1-1；The bottom of the pallet 1-2, each hole slot of correspondence seedlings nursing plate
Gap between bottom, is provided with upward raised 1-2-1, after seedlings nursing plate is erected on pallet, and raised height is higher than hole
Trench bottom；The bottom of pallet correspond to the bottom of each hole slot of seedlings nursing plate, be provided with the second permeable hole 1-2-2.
Described seedlings nursing plate includes seedling medium 1-1-2；
Described seedlings nursing plate is the seedlings nursing plate in 98 holes, is polystyrene material, thick 1mm, pallet long 54cm, wide 26cm are high
6cm。
After described seedlings nursing plate is erected on pallet, in seedlings nursing plate the bottom of hole slot and the bottom of pallet the distance between
For 1cm.The present embodiment nursery pond is built：
Soil in smooth seedling raising greenhouse, builds nursery pond, nursery pond is long with the brick that specification is 40cm × 20cm × 20cm
30m, width 2m, high 0.2m, one piece of HDPE film (High Density Polyethylene is spread in nursery pond inwall and bottom surface
Impermeablemembrane, density polyethylene film with high).
(3) seedling medium is prepared
By peat:Perlite=2:Before the proportional arrangement seedling medium of 1 (mass ratio), mixed substrate, one layer is spread on the ground
Clean film, to prevent bringing germ into.Seedling medium mixes wet with water, water content 68%.
(4) sterilize
New building is not sterilized, and 10% bleaching liquid of old disk, which soaks to be cleaned with clear water after 20min, to be dried.
(5) medium in tray and sowing
The matrix prepared is loaded in seedlings nursing plate.5-7 seeds are broadcast in hole, and seed will be placed on the center in hole, cover and educate after broadcasting
Seedling matrix 0.4-0.6cm.
(6) temperature, depth of water management
September 1 day, 18-22 DEG C of sowing of temperature.It is 1-3cm to control the water level in whole nursery stage pallet, controls greenhouse temperature
Degree：20-25 DEG C, temperature height wants timely ventilation sunshade to cool, and greenhouse ventilating opening is closed when temperature is low, the water described in this step is
Irrigation water containing fertilizer.
(7) moss, green alga are prevented and kill off
After planting per 667m2Every the CuSO that 3d mass fractions are 98%42000 times of liquid 15L are sprayed at whole seedlings nursing plate
On, spray altogether 3 times, each 15L/667m2.It is continuous overcast and rainy one week in after planting 22d-28d, it is 98% with mass fraction
CuSO42000 times of liquid spraying 15L/667m2Spray again 1 time.
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
1. the preventing and treating of damping-off, samping off：After planting per 667m2With the 1500 times of liquid 15L spraying sprays of the white hymexazol of 30% first
Apply 1 time；Sow after 16d per 667m2Sprayed 1 time with 30% first frost, 1500 times of liquid 15L of hymexazol；Sow after 25d per 667m2With
30% first frost, 1500 times of liquid 15L of hymexazol are sprayed 1 time.
2. the preventing and treating of insect pest：With the latent fly adult of yellow card's trap physical method preventing and treating, thrips class pest, find there is few during 30d
Amount latent fly adult, thrips insect on green onion seedling, sprayed 1 time with 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, 2000 times of liquid,
15L/667m2。
(9) apply fertilizer
By 30kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers (N：P2O5：K2O=15：15：15) it is dissolved in 6m3Produced in water in above-mentioned steps (6)
The irrigation water containing fertilizer；Described irrigation water is base manure, and green onion seedling grows into 5cm or topdressed when growing second green onion pipe,
Topdress and added by base manure amount of application.
(10) transplant
October 21 --- November 18 transplanted, by 1.3 ten thousand plants/667m2Density transplant.
The present embodiment sowing quantity 100g/667m2, seedling blight, the samping off incidence of disease 3.4%, Pests Damage rate 1%,
Planting percent 97.9%, survival rate 95.8%, late growing stage is vigorous.
Claims (4)
1. high mountain tubule green onion drought floating method for culturing seedlings：
（1）Build seedling raising greenhouse
（2）Non-irrigated floating device for raising seedlings is set
Non-irrigated floating device for raising seedlings, including several nursery units and nursery pond；Several nursery cell distributions are at nursery pond bottom；
Described nursery unit includes seedlings nursing plate and pallet, and seedlings nursing plate is erected on pallet；The bottom of the seedlings nursing plate hole slot is set
It is equipped with the first permeable hole；Gap between the bottom of the pallet, correspondence seedlings nursing plate each hole slot bottom, is provided with upward convex
Rise, after seedlings nursing plate is erected on pallet, raised height is higher than hole slot bottom；The bottom of pallet correspond to each hole of seedlings nursing plate
The bottom of groove, is provided with the second permeable hole, and described seedlings nursing plate includes seedling medium；
（3）Prepare seedling medium
Peat in mass ratio:Perlite=2:1 ~ 4 proportional arrangement seedling medium, substrate with water mixes wet, water content 60-80%；
（4）Seedlings nursing plate is sterilized
New building is not sterilized, and old disk is used with potassium permanganate or formalin or after bleaching liquid disinfectant；
（5）Medium in tray and sowing
The matrix prepared is loaded in seedlings nursing plate, 5-7 seeds are broadcast in hole, and seed is placed on the center in hole, and seedling medium is covered after broadcasting
0.4-0.6cm；
（6）Temperature, depth of water management
Sowed during 18-22 DEG C of daytime temperature, whole nursery stage, the water level in control pallet is on seedlings nursing plate hole slot, greenhouse temperature
Degree：20-25 DEG C, described water is the irrigation water containing fertilizer；
（7）Nursery pond moss, green alga are prevented and kill off
（8）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
（9）Fertilising
30kg nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers are dissolved in 4-8m3Above-mentioned steps are produced in water（6）In the irrigation water containing fertilizer；It is described
Irrigation water be base manure, topdressed when green onion seedling grows into 5cm or when growing second green onion pipe, topdress by base manure amount of application add；
（10）Transplant.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, described tubule green onion is European tubule green onion.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, step（7）Middle nursery pond moss, the method for control of green alga include：It is after planting every
Every 3d mass fractions be 98% CuSO42000 times of liquid are sprayed, and are sprayed altogether 3 times, each 15L/667m2；Spray three
If running into continuous rainy weather >=7 day after secondary, rain uses mass fraction to be 98% CuSO after stopping42000 times of liquid sprayings spray one again
It is secondary.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, step（8）Middle pest control method includes：After planting per 667m2Use 30% first
White 2000 times of liquid 15L of hymexazol are sprayed 1 time；Sprayed once every 10-15d afterwards, the same first of dosage 30% frost during nursery
2000 times of liquid of hymexazol are sprayed 2-4 times altogether；Using the latent fly adult of physical method preventing and treating of yellow card's trap, thrips class pest, if hair
Existing above-mentioned larva, with 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, 2000 times of liquid 15L/667m2Spray 1 time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710587440.5A CN107182762B (en) | 2017-07-18 | 2017-07-18 | Drought floating seedling raising method for fine-tube green onion in mountain |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710587440.5A CN107182762B (en) | 2017-07-18 | 2017-07-18 | Drought floating seedling raising method for fine-tube green onion in mountain |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111789020A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-20 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Floating seedling raising method for cruciferous vegetables |
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